American Journal Of Translational Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Modulation of subjective and objective indicators in college students with subthreshold depression by TEAS combined with five-tone music therapy.
Quan Y, Ji B, Jiang H … +11 more , Fang Y, Liu Y, Guo T, Zhang L, Liu X, Liu L, Ma B, Liu W, Wu K, Wu Y, Zhao G
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325743 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To observe the multimodal regulatory effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) five-tone music therapy (FTT) on cerebral oxygenation and...
OBJECTIVE: To observe the multimodal regulatory effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) five-tone music therapy (FTT) on cerebral oxygenation and digital tongue-pulse parameters in college students with subthreshold depression (SD) of the liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type. METHODS: Ninety eligible college students with SD were randomized into control, TEAS, and TEAS+FTT group (n = 30 each). The control group received general mental health education. The latter two groups received TEAS, with the TEAS+FTT group additionally listening to TCM liver-soothing and spleen-fortifying music (30 minutes/session, twice weekly for 4 weeks). Outcome measures included Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) scores, TCM syndrome scores, prefrontal Oxy-Hb levels, and digitalized tongue and pulse parameters. RESULTS: No baseline differences existed (>0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the TEAS+FTT group showed greater pre-post difference in HAMD-17 and TCM syndrome scores (<0.05), and significant increases in the left prefrontal Oxy-Hb slope (S17-D13, S20-D13 channels), tongue coating RGB values, left-hand H1 and right-hand Ass pulse wave value (<0.05). Compared with the TEAS group, the TEAS+FTT group exhibited lower TCM syndrome scores (<0.05) and significantly higher left prefrontal Oxy-Hb slope (S17-D13, S20-D13), tongue coating R-value, and right-hand Ass pulse wave value (<0.05). CONCLUSION: TEAS plus five-tone music therapy more effectively improves cerebral oxygenation, enhance visceral functional status, and alleviate depressive symptoms in college students with SD of the liver stagnation and spleen deficiency type compared to TEAS alone.
Brazilin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human glioblastoma cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Shang M, Yu J, Li X
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325742 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Brazilin (BZ), an active isoflavonoid from Chinese herbs, exhibits antitumor properties. This study investigated its antitumor efficacy and molecular mechanisms in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. METHODS: GBM...
OBJECTIVES: Brazilin (BZ), an active isoflavonoid from Chinese herbs, exhibits antitumor properties. This study investigated its antitumor efficacy and molecular mechanisms in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells. METHODS: GBM cell proliferation and viability were assessed using xCELLigence RTCA eSight™, cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, live/dead staining, and colony formation assays. Migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell, three-dimensional invasion, and wound healing assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and target protein expression by western blot. A xenograft model was established by subcutaneous injection of P3 cells into nude mice, followed by BZ treatment at different concentrations. RESULTS: BZ significantly inhibited GBM cell proliferation and viability in time- and dose-dependent manners. It also suppressed cell invasion and migration dose-dependently. Apoptosis rates in U251, P3, and LN229 cells increased significantly after BZ treatment. Accordingly, BZ upregulated the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2)-associated X protein and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, as well as the autophagy-related protein LC3B, while downregulating BCL-2 and sequestosome 1. Phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) levels were reduced in BZ-treated U251 and LN229 cells. Finally, BZ inhibited the growth of orthotopic xenografts from luciferase-expressing P3 cells in mice. CONCLUSIONS: BZ induces apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic agent for GBM patients.
Pathological changes of high-risk human papillomavirus-positive cervical lesions after surgery and analysis of risk factors for persistent positivity.
Tang Z, Tao Y, Xin D … +1 more , Qin J
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325741 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the postoperative pathological changes and risk factors for persistent positivity of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical lesions. METHODS: A total of 186 female patients who underwe...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the postoperative pathological changes and risk factors for persistent positivity of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical lesions. METHODS: A total of 186 female patients who underwent either outpatient and inpatient loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or cold-knife conization for CIN II, CIN III of the cervix were included in this study. Postoperative pathological changes were analyzed, and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection and persistent positivity were assessed at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Patient characteristics, including age, parity, endocervical glandular involvement, HPV subtypes, and type of conization, were recorded. Factors associated with persistent HR-HPV positivity after surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: The concordance rate between colposcopically directed biopsy and postoperative cervical conization pathology was 77.9%, with a Kappa value of 0.537. During follow-up, persistent HPV infection was observed in 101, 83, 46, and 42 patients at postoperative 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Logistic regression analysis identified CINIII pathology, viral load ≥1,000 copies/mL, endocervical glandular involvement, and LEEP as independent risk factors for persistent HR-HPV infection after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with higher pathological grade, elevated viral load, and endocervical glandular involvement are at increased risk of persistent HR-HPV infection after surgery for cervical lesions. Postoperative cervical cancer screening should remain a priority, as some patients remain positive for HR-HPV after LEEP.
Total hip replacement versus bipolar femoral head replacement for femoral neck fractures in the elderly: effect on surgical indices, hip function, and postoperative complications.
Bian W, Tang X, Dong P … +1 more , Ji X
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325740 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess the effects of total hip replacement (THA) versus bipolar femoral head replacement (BFHR) on surgical indices, hip function, and postoperative complications (POCs) in elderly patients w...
OBJECTIVE: To comparatively assess the effects of total hip replacement (THA) versus bipolar femoral head replacement (BFHR) on surgical indices, hip function, and postoperative complications (POCs) in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs). METHODS: A total of 135 elderly patients with FNF were enrolled and assigned to a BFHR group (n=65) receiving BFHR and a THA group (n=70) undergoing THA. Comparative analyses were conducted on surgical indices, postoperative recovery, Harris Hip scale, Barthel index, stress-related biomarkers, inflammatory markers, incidence of POCs, and quality of life (Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 [GQOLI-74]). RESULTS: Compared to the BFHR group, the THA group exhibited significantly higher values in several surgery- and recovery-associated indices. THA-treated patients achieved higher postoperative Harris Hip scores, Barthel Index scores, and GQOLI-74 scores. Additionally, stress- and inflammation-related indices, as well as the overall incidence of POC, were markedly reduced in the THA group. CONCLUSION: BFHR is characterized by minimal invasiveness, shorter operative time, and rapid postoperative recovery in FNF treatment among the elderly. In contrast, THA demonstrates superior clinical advantages in improving hip joint function, activities of daily living, and quality of life, along with more effective inhibition of postoperative stress and inflammation, and a lower POC risk.
Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in women with breast tumors in Eastern China.
Li Y, Liu C, Sun Y … +2 more , Zhang X, Wang H
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325739 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of () infection in females with breast tumors in eastern China. METHODS: This case-control study enrolled 610 breast tumor patients and 610 healthy controls....
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of () infection in females with breast tumors in eastern China. METHODS: This case-control study enrolled 610 breast tumor patients and 610 healthy controls. Serum anti- IgG and IgM antibodies were measured using ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relevant risk factors. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was higher in breast tumor patients than that in controls (18.85% vs. 9.67%, P=0.001), with elevated IgG (P=0.001) and IgM (P=0.011) levels. Consumption of undercooked seafood (OR=3.00, =0.001) and rural living environment (OR=1.65, P=0.035) were independent risk factors. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence between patients with malignant and benign breast tumors (P=0.430). However, the elevated infection rate was associated with tumor invasiveness characteristics, including a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte ratio >20%, high Ki67 expression (up to 30%), and HER2 amplification (all P<0.05). The constructed predictive model demonstrated good discriminative power for infection (AUC=0.804, 95% CI: 0.76-0.85) and good calibration (MAE=0.010). Decision curve analysis confirmed that the model provided significant net clinical benefit within the threshold probability range of 0-0.8. CONCLUSION: infection is highly prevalent in female patients with breast tumors and is correlated with specific environmental exposures and clinicopathologic features of tumor invasiveness. This robust predictive model can be used accurately and reliably for individualized risk assessment of infection in women with breast tumors. It can assist clinicians in developing targeted screening and intervention plans, maximizing clinical benefits while reducing unnecessary diagnostic and treatment procedures.
Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam intravenous infusion combined with midazolam continuous pump infusion for stepwise emergency treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children: a retrospective cohort study.
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Pan N … +1 more , Yang Y
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325738 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous levetiracetam (LEV) combined with continuous midazolam (MDZ) infusion versus MDZ monotherapy as second-line treatment for pediatric convulsive status epilept...
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous levetiracetam (LEV) combined with continuous midazolam (MDZ) infusion versus MDZ monotherapy as second-line treatment for pediatric convulsive status epilepticus (CSE). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 159 pediatric patients with generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) treated between June 2017 and December 2025. Patients received either LEV+MDZ (n=86) or MDZ alone (n=73). Outcomes included seizure cessation at 20 and 40 minutes, 24-hour seizure control, requirement for third-line antiseizure medication, adverse events, change in Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS), lengths of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score at discharge. RESULTS: Compared to MDZ monotherapy, the combination group showed significantly greater reduction in STESS at 24 hours (1.94 ± 0.46 vs. 2.67 ± 0.53, < 0.001) and a lower requirement for third-line medication (11.63% vs. 24.66%, =0.032). Midazolam cumulative dose at 1 hour was lower with combination therapy (0.28 ± 0.10 vs. 0.32 ± 0.11 mg/kg, =0.013). Incidence of adverse events was similar between groups (16.28% vs. 21.92%, =0.365). Furthermore, the combination group had shorter PICU stay (2.73 ± 1.28 vs. 3.42 ± 1.56 days, =0.003), shorter total hospitalization (6.52 ± 2.01 vs. 7.85 ± 2.27 days, < 0.001), and better PCPC scores at discharge (1.89 ± 0.71 vs. 2.32 ± 0.82, < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early administration of LEV combined with MDZ was associated with reduced seizure severity, decreased need for rescue therapy, lower benzodiazepine exposure, shorter hospitalization, and improved short-term neurological outcome without increasing adverse events in pediatric patients with CSE.
Downregulation of miR-130b-3p is associated with the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
Hua X, Zhu X, Wu J … +1 more , Zhang H
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325737 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between miR-130b-3p and the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A total of 279 patients with T2DN were enrolled and divided...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between miR-130b-3p and the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A total of 279 patients with T2DN were enrolled and divided into the normal albuminuria (NAU) group (n=117), microalbuminuria (MIAU) group (n=98), and the macroalbuminuria (MAAU) group (n=64). Additionally, 80 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The expression of miR-130b-3p was measured in each group, and the clinical biochemical parameters were recorded. A diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model was established to further analyze the relationship between miR-130b-3p expression and the Bcl-2/Bax pathway. RESULTS: The relative expression level of miR-130b-3p was significantly decreased in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). Moreover, its expression in patients of the MAAU group was notably lower than that in patients of the MIAU group. miR-130b-3p in T2DN patients was substantially negatively correlated with the course of disease, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, eGFR, TGF-β1 and TNF-α. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated the diagnostic value of miR-130-3p for DN, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.854. Compared with the control group, the expression of miR-130b-3p and Bcl-2 in renal tissues of rats in the DN model group was significantly decreased, while the expression of Bax and caspase-3 was significantly increased. Additionally, the number of apoptotic cells in the renal cortex of rats in the DN model group was significantly higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of miR-130b-3p in T2DN patients may reflect early renal injury in DN. Its underlying mechanism may involve the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway activation, mediated by Bcl-2/Bax imbalance.
Development and validation of a multidimensional machine-learning model to predict clinically significant immune-related adverse events in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Weng X, Zhang H, Huang M
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325736 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To overcome the limitations of existing predictors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including failure to account for competing mortality risks and non-...
OBJECTIVES: To overcome the limitations of existing predictors for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including failure to account for competing mortality risks and non-linear interactions, we aimed to develop an accurate machine learning model for clinically significant irAEs (cs-irAEs, Grade ≥ 2). METHODS: We enrolled 332 patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and randomly assigned to training (n = 232) and testing (n = 100) sets. The Fine-Gray model, adjusting for death as a competing event, estimated cs-irAE incidence. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression selected predictors, followed by an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model compared to logistic regression. Model performance was assessed using under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for interpretability. RESULTS: The 12-month cumulative incidence of cs-irAEs was 18.0% (95% CI, 14.0%-23.0%). Nine predictors were selected, including baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), body mass index, prior radiotherapy, and proton pump inhibitor use. The XGBoost model achieved an AUC of 0.871 (95% CI, 0.805-0.937) and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 87.9% in the testing set. SHAP analysis revealed a non-linear protective threshold for NLR > 4.0. A bedside nomogram was created using the six strongest predictors. CONCLUSION: This machine learning-based model accurately identified advanced NSCLC patients at risk for cs-irAEs. Its high NPV value helped identify low-risk patients, supporting optimized monitoring and resource allocation. Combining competing risk analysis with interpretable machine learning offers a stable tool for personalized toxicity management.
Association of ocular biometrics with clinical severity in acute angle-closure glaucoma with cataract: a retrospective study.
Li X, Gong M, Zhang W … +1 more , Li P
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325735 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) with clinical severity in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) complicated with catara...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) with clinical severity in patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) complicated with cataracts. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the clinical data of 247 consecutive patients (247 eyes) diagnosed with AACG complicated with cataracts. Ocular biomechanical parameters (AL, ACD, LT) were measured using IOL Master. Recorded clinical characteristics included peak intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), angle closure extent (quadrant number), and corneal edema grade. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean AL, ACD, and LT were 22.11±0.24 mm, 1.90±0.07 mm, and 5.08±0.17 mm, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that ACD was strongly negatively correlated with peak IOP, BCVA (LogMAR), angle closure extent, and corneal edema grade (all P<0.001); LT was significantly positively correlated with all the above clinical indicators (all P<0.001); while AL showed a weaker negative correlation with the above indicators (all P<0.01). Multivariate regression identified ACD (β=-3.042, P<0.001) and LT (β=0.732, P<0.001) as independent predictors of peak IOP. Peak IOP, ACD, LT, and female gender were all independent influencing factors for BCVA (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with AACG and cataract, shallow anterior chamber and thickened lens are important independent anatomical determinants of more severe clinical presentation. These findings support the use of ACD and LT as key biomarkers for risk assessment and individualized treatment planning.
New perspective on acupuncture treatment for obesity: mechanisms in the brain based on multidimensional neural circuits.
Zuo Y, Mo Q, Wu XM … +4 more , Li LJ, Linghu JR, Yang S, Li XY
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325734 · Full text
Obesity, characterized by pathologic adipose accumulation resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is a major global public health burden. Lifestyle interventions are prone to lead to weight reg...
Obesity, characterized by pathologic adipose accumulation resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, is a major global public health burden. Lifestyle interventions are prone to lead to weight regain, whereas pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery are constrained by adverse effects or postoperative complications, underscoring an urgent need for safe, effective, and durable strategies. Acupuncture/electroacupuncture can reduce body weight and improve metabolic homeostasis, yet the underlying mechanisms involving central neural circuits remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes evidence that acupuncture modulates appetite through coordinated neuroendocrine actions and whole-brain circuit remodeling, including reprogramming the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) homeostatic axis and ameliorating leptin resistance; regulating the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-nucleus accumbens (NAc)-prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopaminergic reward pathway to suppress reward-driven feeding; attenuating hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and influencing limbic circuitry to relieve stress-induced binge eating; and strengthening prefrontal-hippocampal network connectivity to enhance executive control. Future directions include integrating whole-brain imaging, dynamic monitoring of neurotransmitters and hormones, and causal circuit interrogation to advance efficacy prediction and optimization of individualized protocols.
Low-dose CT for assessing microstructural alterations in Renal Osteodystrophy among uremic patients: a retrospective cohort study.
Liu H, Wang H, Liu C … +3 more , Xie H, Xiang L, Xu R
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325733 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Renal Osteodystrophy (ROD) is a severe complication among uremic patients. However, the gold standard for diagnosis, bone biopsy, is invasive and difficult to apply routinely. Although low-dose CT (LDCT) is w...
BACKGROUND: Renal Osteodystrophy (ROD) is a severe complication among uremic patients. However, the gold standard for diagnosis, bone biopsy, is invasive and difficult to apply routinely. Although low-dose CT (LDCT) is widely used for other assessments in this population, its value in the non-invasive diagnosis of ROD remains to be elucidated. PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and diagnostic performance of quantitative assessment of lumbar vertebral microstructural changes using routine LDCT images for the identification and diagnosis of ROD and its subtypes. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study. A total of 155 uremic patients undergoing regular dialysis who concurrently underwent abdominal/pelvic LDCT and bone metabolic biochemical tests at the Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University between June 2023 and June 2025 were consecutively enrolled. Based on the KDIGO guidelines combined with biochemical markers (iPTH, calcium, phosphorus, ALP, etc.), patients were categorized into a non-ROD group (n = 49), high-turnover ROD (n = 44), low-turnover ROD (n = 30), and mixed-type ROD (n = 32). Using 3D Slicer software, the following parameters were measured in the trabecular bone region of the L1/L2 vertebral bodies: volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), and cortical thickness (Ct.Th). Inter-group differences were compared, correlations between CT parameters and biochemical markers were analyzed, and the diagnostic performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of ROD was 68.4% (106/155). Significant differences in biochemical markers and CT parameters were observed among the ROD subtypes (all P<0.001). High-turnover ROD exhibited the highest iPTH (552.60 ± 115.90 pg/mL), ALP (260.55 ± 50.29 U/L), and the worst bone microstructure (lowest BV/TV: 13.89 ± 3.09%, highest Tb.Sp: 1.03 ± 0.15 mm). Tb.Sp demonstrated the best performance in differentiating ROD from non-ROD, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.902 (sensitivity 81.1%, specificity 89.8%, cutoff value 0.84 mm). CT parameters (e.g., BV/TV, vBMD, Tb.Sp) showed significant correlations with iPTH, ALP, and serum phosphorus (|r| = 0.429-0.579, <0.001). When combining iPTH with BV/TV to construct a model, the diagnostic AUC improved to 0.888. Additionally, bone microstructure parameters showed significant correlations with coronary artery calcification (e.g., BV/TV: r = -0.383, P<0.001), supporting the bone-vascular axis concept. CONCLUSION: Quantitative analysis of lumbar vertebral microstructure using existing LDCT images in uremic patients can effectively differentiate ROD subtypes and corroborate biochemical changes, with trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) showing outstanding diagnostic value. This method serves as a non-invasive and convenient auxiliary tool that may facilitate the clinical identification and precise management of ROD.
A rare case report of ectopic gallbladder.
Tian S, Zheng BF, Guo Q … +1 more , Jia BX
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42325732 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of ectopic gallbladder herniating along the ligamentum teres hepatis and to emphasize the pivotal role of diagnostic laparoscopy in the identification and diagnosis of ectopic gallbladder...
OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of ectopic gallbladder herniating along the ligamentum teres hepatis and to emphasize the pivotal role of diagnostic laparoscopy in the identification and diagnosis of ectopic gallbladder. METHODS: A 47-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history presented with intermittent epigastric discomfort. On admission, vital signs were: Blood Pressure 147/96 mmHg, Heart Rate 96 bpm, Temperature 36.6°C, Respiratory Rate 18/min. Abdominal ultrasonography failed to identify the gallbladder. Abdominal computed tomography was performed and showed an ill-defined cystic structure in the anterior abdominal wall extending to the umbilicus. Diagnostic laparoscopy was adopted for exploration, and the lesion was resected. Pathological examination was carried out on the resected specimen. RESULTS: Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a tubular structure coursing along the ligamentum teres hepatis, consistent with an ectopic gallbladder accompanied by partial omental herniation through the umbilicus. Pathological examination confirmed the resected structure as an ectopic gallbladder. The patient recovered smoothly and was discharged on the second postoperative day. At the one-month and three-month follow-ups, no complications or obvious discomfort were observed. CONCLUSION: Ectopic gallbladder herniating along the ligamentum teres hepatis is extremely rare. Diagnostic laparoscopy plays a key role in the definite diagnosis of ectopic gallbladder. Surgical resection achieves satisfactory outcomes with favorable postoperative recovery.
Evaluation of the severity of lumbar osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using q-Dixon magnetic resonance imaging.
Zhang J, Wang X, Qian W … +5 more , Yang T, Chen W, Chen Z, Ren Y, Zhang L
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170487 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of q-Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the severity of lumbar osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conduct...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of q-Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing the severity of lumbar osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 100 T2DM patients admitted to our hospital between 2023 and 2024, who were divided into a control group (n = 43), an osteopenia group (n = 26), and an osteoporosis group (n = 31). General data (including use of hypoglycemic agents and menopausal status) was collected. Bone mineral density (BMD) of L1-L4 was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bone marrow fat fraction (FF) was measured using q-Dixon technology. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, correlation tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and DeLong's test. RESULTS: Regarding lumbar BMD and FF, the osteoporosis group had lower L1-L4 and total lumbar BMD than the other groups, and the osteopenia group had lower BMD than the control group (all <0.05); conversely, the osteoporosis group had higher L1-L4 and total lumbar FF than the other groups, and the osteopenia group had higher FF than the control group (all <0.05). In each group, males had higher L1-L4 segmental and total BMD, as well as total FF than females (all <0.05), except for L3 BMD in the control group and L1-L4 segmental FF in the control and osteopenia groups (all >0.05). Significant segmental differences were detected in both BMD and FF across lumbar spine segments. BMD followed a descending order of L3 > L4 > L2 > L1, whereas FF was ordered as L4 > L3 > L2 > L1 (all <0.05). Kendall correlation analysis showed that L1-L4 and total BMD were negatively correlated with osteoporosis (r = -0.587 to -0.790, all <0.001); L1-L4 and total FF were positively correlated with osteoporosis (r = 0.387 to 0.506, all <0.001). Pearson correlation analysis showed that L1-L4 and total FF were negatively correlated with L1-L4 and total BMD (all <0.01), and the correlation was stronger in females than males. ROC curves showed AUC for assessing osteoporosis severity by total FF was 0.856 (sensitivity 77.42%, specificity 81.16%, Youden index 0.586). DeLong's test showed the AUC of total FF was significantly higher than that of L1 FF (0.734, = 0.034), while there were no statistically significant differences in the AUCs of total FF compared with those of L2-L4 FF (0.821, 0.829, and 0.823, respectively) (all >0.05). CONCLUSION: The q-Dixon technique can effectively assess the severity of lumbar osteoporosis in patients with T2DM. Total FF is a reasonable and reliable non-invasive indicator because it integrates L1-L4 segmental information, has the highest AUC, and exhibits segmental and gender differences, providing a novel clinical strategy.
Effect of intravenous infusion of remimazolam versus propofol on intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring stability and postoperative neurological function in patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Cui J, Zhou B, Wang J … +1 more , Yao L
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170486 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) plays a critical role in spinal surgery by reducing the risk of nerve injury; however, its quality can be significantly influenced by anesthetic agents. Thi...
OBJECTIVES: Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) plays a critical role in spinal surgery by reducing the risk of nerve injury; however, its quality can be significantly influenced by anesthetic agents. This study aimed to compare the effects of remimazolam and propofol on IONM performance and postoperative recovery. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent prone-position spinal surgery with IONM between January 2021 and June 2025. Patients were divided into either a remimazolam group or a propofol group according to the primary sedative administered. The outcomes assessed included IONM parameters [somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP)/motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitude/latency] after intubation (T1) and at 30 min (T3) and 50 min (T4) following recovery from neuromuscular blockade. Additional outcomes included hemodynamics, remifentanil consumption, recovery time, and cognitive function scores. RESULTS: A total of 204 patients included in the analysis (Remimazolam group: 101 cases, Propofol group: 103 cases). Compared to the propofol group, the remimazolam group demonstrated significantly improved IONM signals, higher SEP amplitude at T4 (2.16 vs. 1.97 μV, P<0.001), and higher MEP amplitude at T4 (1680.73 vs. 1500.64 μV, P<0.001). The incidence of hypotension (6.93% vs. 19.42%, P=0.009) and bradycardia (5.94% vs. 14.56%, P=0.043) were significantly lower, while remifentanil consumption was significantly higher (2005.64 vs. 1425.44 ug, P<0.001) in the remimazolam group. In addition, patients in the remimazolam group exhibited shorter recovery times (awakening time: 18.91 vs. 24.25 min, P<0.001) and better cognitive function (MoCA score on postoperative Day 3: 24.41 vs. 23.54, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Remimazolam provides superior IONM conditions, a lower incidence of intraoperative hypotension and bradycardia, and faster postoperative recovery compared to propofol in patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Effects of neoadjuvant novel endocrine therapy combined with prostatic artery embolization on SII, PNI, and bRFS in patients with prostate cancer.
Zhao B, Li B, Jiang J … +4 more , Ma Q, Zhang H, You J, Li K
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170485 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of neoadjuvant novel endocrine therapy combined with prostatic artery embolization (PAE) on systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and biochemi...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of neoadjuvant novel endocrine therapy combined with prostatic artery embolization (PAE) on systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) in patients with high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer, and to evaluate the feasibility of SII/PNI as early prognostic biomarkers. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 339 patients treated between Feb 2019 and Mar 2023, including 174 patients in the combination group (endocrine therapy + PAE) and 165 in the control group (endocrine therapy alone). PSA50/PSA90 response rates, surgical conversion rate, and changes in SII and PNI at 1 and 3 months after treatment were compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate bRFS, and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to assess the predictive value of SII and PNI for 1- and 2-year bRFS. RESULTS: The combination group demonstrated significantly higher PSA50/PSA90 response rates (P<0.05), higher surgical conversion rate (66.7% vs. 42.4%, P<0.001), greater reductions in SII (≥30%: 83.3% vs. 64.2%), and more pronounced PNI improvement (≥45: 82.9% vs. 69.7%, P<0.01) compared with the control group. The 1- and 2-year bRFS rates increased by 8.4% and 11.2%, respectively (P<0.05). SII and PNI measured at 3 months showed good predictive performance for bRFS, with AUC values ranging from 0.73 to 0.83. Survival analysis based on SII/PNI stratification revealed significant differences between groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined regimen accelerates PSA reduction, improves surgical feasibility, and alleviates systemic inflammation and nutritional status. SII/PNI detection at 3 months may facilitate early identification of recurrence risk and guide individualized treatment adjustment.
Effect of ropivacaine-dexamethasone combination on postpartum uterine pain, inflammation, and breastfeeding in multiparous women.
Ye H, Wang X, Zhou D … +1 more , Huang H
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170484 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of epidural ropivacaine combined with dexamethasone on postpartum uterine cramping pain, inflammatory markers, and breastfeeding behavior in multiparous women. METHODS: This retrospe...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of epidural ropivacaine combined with dexamethasone on postpartum uterine cramping pain, inflammatory markers, and breastfeeding behavior in multiparous women. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 336 women who underwent vaginal delivery and received postpartum epidural analgesia between May 2022 and November 2024, including 211 multiparous women. The observation group (n = 172) received 0.15% ropivacaine combined with 10 mg dexamethasone, while the control group (n = 164) received only 0.15% ropivacaine. The severity of uterine cramping pain was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postpartum. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured using ELISA, and C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured using a quantitative laboratory assay, at 6, 24, and 72 hours postpartum. Breastfeeding indicators and adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: The VAS scores at all time points in the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P < 0.001), with a lower rescue analgesia rate (10.47% vs. 21.34%, P = 0.006). At 24 hours postpartum, the observation group showed significantly lower levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, and significantly higher levels of IL-10 (all P < 0.001); shorter first breastfeeding time (38.00 minutes vs. 52.00 minutes, P < 0.001); higher frequency of breastfeeding within 48 hours postpartum; and a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding on day 7 postpartum (84.30% vs. 68.29%, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in adverse events or neonatal outcome between the two groups (both P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia with ropivacaine combined with dexamethasone effectively alleviates postpartum uterine cramping pain in multiparous women, regulates the inflammatory responses, improves breastfeeding outcomes, and has a good safety profile.
Adherence to sleep restriction therapy and its impact on emotional intelligence in high-stress professionals.
Liu Z, Zhang X, Lin M … +4 more , Chen J, Long J, Wang L, Wen D
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170483 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between adherence to sleep restriction therapy and emotional intelligence (EI) among Chinese individuals with sleep disorders in high-stress professions. METHODS: A retrospectiv...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between adherence to sleep restriction therapy and emotional intelligence (EI) among Chinese individuals with sleep disorders in high-stress professions. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using data from the electronic medical records system. A total of 257 patients with sleep disorders who underwent 12 weeks of sleep restriction therapy at The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between January 2022 and January 2023 were included. Participants were classified into low EI (n = 76) and high EI (n = 181) groups. Adherence to therapy was the exposure variable. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using binary logistic regression, with subgroup and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Higher adherence to sleep restriction therapy was significantly associated with higher EI scores. Compared to fully adherent participants, partially adherent individuals had a 2.39-fold increased risk of lower EI (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.13-5.05), while non-adherent participants had a 5.35-fold elevated risk (OR = 5.35, 95% CI: 1.86-15.38). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger effects in males and individuals aged < 28 years. Males exhibited ORs of 2.02 (95% CI: 0.87-4.66) for partial adherence and 6.75 (95% CI: 2.00-22.77) for non-adherence. Similarly, the < 45-year subgroup showed ORs of 1.36 (95% CI: 0.61-3.03) and 2.99 (95% CI: 1.04-8.56), respectively. Weaker associations were observed in females and those aged ≥ 45 years. CONCLUSION: Better adherence to sleep restriction therapy is positively associated with EI in high-stress professionals with sleep disorders, particularly among males and younger individuals. Optimizing adherence to therapy is a key strategy for improving emotional regulation in these populations.
Factors influencing refractive status distribution and amblyopia in preschool children with low vision.
Wu J, Wen J, Yang Y … +1 more , He J
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170482 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the distribution characteristics of refractive status of preschool children with low vision, analyze the independent risk factors of amblyopia (AMB), and build a risk prediction model, so as to provi...
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the distribution characteristics of refractive status of preschool children with low vision, analyze the independent risk factors of amblyopia (AMB), and build a risk prediction model, so as to provide a basis for early screening and precise intervention. METHODS: We enrolled 180 preschoolers (3-6 years old) with low vision from January 2023 to December 2024. All of the participants underwent standardized examinations, with their refractive status and visual characteristics recorded. Subsequently, a univariate analysis was conducted to identify differences in demographic characteristics, perinatal factors, environmental behaviors, and refractive state between AMB and non-AMB children, followed by regression coefficient-based AMB risk assessment model construction, with model performance validated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Hyperopia was dominant in children with low vision. With an increase in age, the proportion of hyperopic refractive error gradually decreased. AMB occurred at an overall incidence of 40.00% (72/180) among our cohort, with the prevalence being dominant in the 4-5-year age group. According to multivariate analysis, parental myopia, time spent on close-range eye use, and refractive status were independent risk factors for AMB. Through internal validation, it was found that the prediction model had clinical application value in AMB screening. CONCLUSION: The main refractive abnormality in preschool children with low vision is hyperopic refractive error, which is also the core risk factor for AMB. The risk prediction model we constructed can effectively identify high-risk groups, providing an efficient tool for early clinical screening.
Effect of postoperative nutrient management on macular edema and visual function following phacoemulsification for age-related cataract.
Zhao W, Liu M, Zhou Q
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170481 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of postoperative nutrient management combined with phacoemulsification on macular edema and visual function recovery in elderly patients with age-related cataracts. METHODS: Patients wh...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of postoperative nutrient management combined with phacoemulsification on macular edema and visual function recovery in elderly patients with age-related cataracts. METHODS: Patients who underwent phacoemulsification at Lishui Huaxia Eye Hospital between January 2022 and December 2024 were enrolled. After propensity score matching (PSM), 60 patients were assigned to each of the study and control groups. Clinical outcomes - including visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT), total macular volume, incidence of macular edema, visual recovery time, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth (ACD), adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes (sleep quality, pain, inflammation markers, quality-of-life scores) were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05). At postoperative weeks 1 and 12, visual acuity was significantly better in the study group than in the control group (P<0.05). At week 12, the study group exhibited significantly lower CMT (P<0.05), reduced total macular volume (P<0.05), lower incidence of macular edema (1.67% vs. 10.00%, P<0.05), improved visual field mean deviation (P<0.05), and shorter visual recovery time (P<0.05). IOP was also significantly lower in the study group (P<0.05), corneal astigmatism was reduced (P<0.05), and ACD was greater (P<0.05). Patient-reported outcomes favored the study group (all P<0.05). Moreover, the overall postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group (10.00% vs. 23.33%, P=0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative nutrient management combined with phacoemulsification significantly reduces the incidence of macular edema and accelerates visual function recovery in elderly patients with age-related cataracts.
Fetal chondrodysplasia punctata: a clinical study of five cases.
Deng Q, Wang W, Wang M … +5 more , Wu Y, Jin Y, Zhou X, Lu Y, Wang X
Am J Transl Res · 2026 · PMID 42170480 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is characterized by irregular calcification of the epiphyseal cartilage in the neonatal or infant period, which is determined by both genetic and non-genetic factors. OBJECTIVE...
BACKGROUND: Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is characterized by irregular calcification of the epiphyseal cartilage in the neonatal or infant period, which is determined by both genetic and non-genetic factors. OBJECTIVE: To explore the prenatal ultrasonographic manifestations, genetic etiology, and pregnancy outcomes of fetal CDP. METHODS: Five fetuses from three families diagnosed with CDP by prenatal ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical features, genetic testing results, and pregnancy outcomes of the CDP cases were analyzed. RESULTS: Prenatal ultrasound showed strong punctate echogenicity of the long diaphyseal epiphysis (mainly in the femur, tibia, and humerus) in all five fetuses. Four fetuses (4/5, 80%) had short long bones. Three fetuses (3/5, 60%) had spinal anomalies and one (1/5, 20%) had Binder syndrome. Cataracts were present in two fetuses (2/5, 40%). Genetic testing was performed on all five fetuses. Chromosome karyotype and chromosomal microarray analysis showed no abnormalities. However, some region-specific pathogenic variants were identified in whole exome sequencing. Labor was induced in four fetuses. Only one fetus was delivered at 39 weeks of gestation, transferred to the Department of Pediatrics for respiratory support due to dyspnea after birth, and had a good prognosis with follow-up. CONCLUSION: Fetuses diagnosed with CDP mostly exhibit genetic abnormalities and adverse neonatal outcomes. Fetuses with punctate strong echogenicity of the long diaphyseal epiphysis and short long bones identified on ultrasound must be comprehensively screened for other systemic malformations, particularly spinal dysplasia and facial malformations. Genetic testing is recommended.
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