: Hierarchical medical treatment is the core system of China's medical reform. The medical alliance model, as an important carrier, has been promoted nationwide. : This study aims to comprehensively assess the current st...: Hierarchical medical treatment is the core system of China's medical reform. The medical alliance model, as an important carrier, has been promoted nationwide. : This study aims to comprehensively assess the current status of pharmaceutical services in the medical alliance of Shaoxing City, with a focus on the application of metabolic abnormality tests, providing a basis for improving service homogeneity. : The study adopted the cross-sectional survey method. Questionnaires were distributed to the heads of the pharmacy departments of 4 general hospitals of the medical alliance and 23 branch hospitals in Shaoxing from April to May 2021. : Measures such as optimising the allocation of testing resources, improving unified standards and mutual recognition mechanisms, and strengthening the collaboration between testing and pharmaceutical services should be taken to enhance the homogenisation level of metabolic abnormality tests, thereby comprehensively improving the pharmaceutical service capabilities of the medical alliance and promoting implementation of hierarchical medical treatment.
CONTEXT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and complex multifactorial pathogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a promi...CONTEXT: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and complex multifactorial pathogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a promising molecular target in AD due to its neuroprotective functions, particularly in energy regulation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of nano-selenium and thymoquinone (TQ) on AMPK gene expression in an AD rat model. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty male albino rats were divided into five groups. Four groups were induced with AD via lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, while the control group remained untreated. The experimental groups received nano-selenium, TQ, or a combination of both treatments. AMPK gene expression in brain tissue was measured using real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS: Treatment with nano-selenium, TQ, or their combination significantly upregulated AMPK expression in brain tissue compared to untreated AD rats (p<0.001). The combination therapy produced the highest increase in AMPK expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Nano-selenium and TQ enhance AMPK gene expression in AD, suggesting a potential therapeutic mechanism involving AMPK-related pathways.
AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the protective effects of melatonin (Mel) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against cisplatin (Cis)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Sixty male rats were categorise...AIM: The objective of this study was to assess the protective effects of melatonin (Mel) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against cisplatin (Cis)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Sixty male rats were categorised into five groups: Control, Cis, Cis + Mel, Cis + SeNPs, and Cis + Mel + SeNPs. Kidney injury was evaluated at 5 and 11 days using biochemical markers, oxidative stress indicators, gene expression analysis as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments. RESULTS: The combined treatment of Mel + SeNPs significantly improved kidney function biomarkers, reduced MDA levels, increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH, decreased the expression of Bax and IL-6, and increased the expression of Bcl-2, Nrf2, and HO-1 compared to Cis group (p < 0.05). The histological structure and protein expression profiles indicated the most significant enhancement in the combined therapy group, especially on day 11. CONCLUSION: The co-administration of Mel and SeNPs demonstrated a significant synergistic effect in protecting the kidneys from Cis-induced nephrotoxicity.
Lipid mediators control intestinal motility, epithelial signalling, and neuronal function by integrating metabolic, hormonal, and neurological interactions throughout the brain-gut axis. Recurrent loose stools without st...Lipid mediators control intestinal motility, epithelial signalling, and neuronal function by integrating metabolic, hormonal, and neurological interactions throughout the brain-gut axis. Recurrent loose stools without structural abnormalities are the hallmark of Functional Diarrhoea (FD), a condition marked by high oxidative stress and disruptions in this axis. The main aim of this work is to further understand the role of lipid profiles in oxidative stress and neurological abnormalities in FD using the proposed Lipid-Mediated Brain-Gut Axis (LIMBRA) model. The LIMBRA system analyzes lipid abnormalities using targeted blood and faecal lipidomics with oxidative stress and cognitive assessment. FD showed mild cognitive impairment, high oxidative stress, increased lipid peroxidation, and reduced omega-3 anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings support a lipid-based mechanism linking gastrointestinal dysregulation to brain oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, providing a foundation for future studies on lipid biomarkers and therapies for FD and related cognitive disorders.
: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphates and the prevention of oxidative damage to lipoproteins. : This study aimed to purify PON1 using a newly synthesised hy...: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphates and the prevention of oxidative damage to lipoproteins. : This study aimed to purify PON1 using a newly synthesised hydrophobic interaction chromatography gel and to investigate the inhibitory effects of selected emergency cardiac drugs on PON1 activity through in vitro and in silico approaches. : PON1 was purified using a Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-6-aminochrysene hydrophobic interaction chromatography gel. The inhibitory effects of deslanoside, digitoxin, esmolol, and adenosine were evaluated via kinetic inhibition assays, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and MMPBSA calculations. : Among the tested compounds, esmolol exhibited the strongest inhibition of PON1 activity (IC = 0.131 ± 0.071 μM, = 0.044 ± 0.009 μM) via a competitive mechanism. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinity of esmolol to the PON1 active site, which was further supported by molecular dynamics simulations over 150 ns. : The findings indicate a potential interaction between commonly used emergency cardiac drugs and PON1, highlighting the importance of evaluating off-target effects on critical metabolic enzymes in cardiovascular therapy.
Schwannoma of the ulnar nerve is often closely related to cubital tunnel syndrome. Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of ulnar schwannoma and cubital tunnel syndrome. This study aims to explor...Schwannoma of the ulnar nerve is often closely related to cubital tunnel syndrome. Neuroinflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of ulnar schwannoma and cubital tunnel syndrome. This study aims to explore the application value of thermal radiation imaging technology in the diagnosis of ulnar schwannoma combined. After neuroinflammatory intervention, the patient's pain and numbness symptoms were significantly alleviated. Thermal radiation images show that the state of neuroinflammation is closely related to the improvement of neurological function. Thermal radiation imaging technology holds significant clinical importance in the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ulnar schwannoma combined with cubital tunnel syndrome. It can provide real-time monitoring data of neuroinflammation and assist doctors in formulating more effective treatment plans. Neuroinflammatory intervention has shown good effects in alleviating patients' symptoms and promoting the recovery of neurological function, providing new ideas and methods for the treatment of ulnar schwannoma combined with cubital tunnel syndrome.
CONTEXT: With the increasing incidence rate of type II diabetes, it is particularly important to study its potential molecular mechanism and intervention means. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial rol...CONTEXT: With the increasing incidence rate of type II diabetes, it is particularly important to study its potential molecular mechanism and intervention means. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in insulin signalling and lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of PTP1B protein macromolecule on lipid metabolism in type II diabetes patients under the intervention of aerobic exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects were type II diabetes patients who had undergone aerobic exercise intervention. There were no significant abnormalities in liver and kidney function, indicating the safety of the intervention method. Therefore, PTP1B plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in type II diabetes. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise, as an effective intervention, can significantly improve the lipid metabolism in type II diabetes patients by affecting the function of PTP1B, thus providing new ideas and methods for clinical treatment.
CONTEXT: Polycystin-2 (PC2), a calcium-permeable ion channel, is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and primary cilium. Mutations in PC2 are linked diseases, such as autosomal dominant polycystic ki...CONTEXT: Polycystin-2 (PC2), a calcium-permeable ion channel, is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and primary cilium. Mutations in PC2 are linked diseases, such as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), cardiovascular disorders, and cancer. OBJECTIVE: This review highlights the structural features, distribution, and regulatory mechanisms of PC2, emphasising its involvement in renal and extra-renal diseases. METHODS: Through a systematic review and analysis of existing literature, we evaluated evidence on the molecular function of PC2 and its pathophysiological involvement in disease processes. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Despite advances in understanding PC2's role, further research is needed to elucidate its full functional spectrum and therapeutic potential.
Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumours with the highest incidence rate and mortality in the world, among which non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for a relatively high proportion. Patients with locally adva...Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumours with the highest incidence rate and mortality in the world, among which non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for a relatively high proportion. Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who cannot be surgically resected usually receive radiotherapy, but the effectiveness of a single treatment is limited. The results indicate that radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy has significant clinical efficacy in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer who cannot undergo surgical resection. Metabolic abnormality testing has important value in monitoring treatment efficacy and patient metabolic status, and can provide reference for optimising clinical treatment plans. Future research should further explore the application value of metabolic abnormality testing in the treatment of lung cancer, and combine it with other detection methods to provide more comprehensive and reliable treatment basis for clinical practice.
BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease, characterised by stenosis or occlusion of the ends and branches of bilateral internal carotid arteries, accompanied by the formation of abnor...BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease is a chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease, characterised by stenosis or occlusion of the ends and branches of bilateral internal carotid arteries, accompanied by the formation of abnormal vascular networks at the base of the skull. PURPOSE: Through non-invasive detection techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). It provides important basis for clinical treatment. METHOD: This study aims to explore the characteristics of three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (3D-pCASL) parameters in patients with moyamoya disease and their predictive value for the improvement of cognitive function after revascularization, and to investigate the potential application value of 3D-pCASL parameters in evaluating neuronal injury and predicting the improvement of postoperative cognitive function. CONCLUSION: This study further confirmed the application value of 3D-pCASL parameters in the examination of neuronal injury and the prediction of postoperative cognitive function improvement, providing an objective imaging basis for the early clinical identification of patients.
BACKGROUND: Tangeretin (TAN) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. This study aims to investigate its effects on neurological recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: A mouse SCI model and a...BACKGROUND: Tangeretin (TAN) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. This study aims to investigate its effects on neurological recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: A mouse SCI model and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cell model were constructed. BV-2 cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and EdU staining. LDH kit and flow cytometry were used to detect BV-2 cell damage, different kits to detect ferroptosis-related indicators. Histopathological damage was observed by pathological staining. The Nrf2/GPX4 pathway and ferroptosis-related proteins were examined using Western blot. RESULTS: TAN treatment attenuated LPS-induced BV-2 cell injury while reduced lipid peroxidation and ROS content. TAN improved behavioural scores, attenuated histopathological damage, and promoted neurofilament regeneration in SCI mice. Notably, TAN reduced mitochondrial damage and ferroptosis in SCI model, activated the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway, whereas Nrf2 inhibitor attenuated the protective effect of TAN. CONCLUSION: TAN inhibits ferroptosis in SCI model through activating Nrf2/GPX4 pathway.
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes abrogates the neuroprotection caused by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) during cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. The study investigates the involvement of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (...INTRODUCTION: Diabetes abrogates the neuroprotection caused by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) during cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion (CI/R) injury. The study investigates the involvement of Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3R) receptors in IPC-mediated neuroprotection during C/R injury in hyperglycaemic conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Swiss Albino mice were administered with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Mice were exposed to CI/R injury via common carotid arteries occlusion (20 min) followed by reperfusion (24 h). For IPC, each mouse was exposed to three-1 min cycles of ischaemia and reperfusion, followed by CI/R injury. RESULTS: CI/R animals showed behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological alterations. IPC was observed to attenuate the CI/R-induced detrimental effects in the normoglycemic animals; however, IPC failed to provide neuroprotection in the hyperglycaemic mice. 2-Aminoethyl diphenyl borinate (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) antagonist) administration in IPC hyperglycaemic mice restored the neuroprotective effects of IPC. CONCLUSION: This suggests the possible role of IP3R antagonism in IPC-mediated neuroprotection during CI/R injury in hyperglycaemic conditions.
With the rapid development of Internet of Things (iot) and mobile network technologies, traditional sports training methods are facing challenges in terms of data collection and analysis efficiency. By embedding sensors...With the rapid development of Internet of Things (iot) and mobile network technologies, traditional sports training methods are facing challenges in terms of data collection and analysis efficiency. By embedding sensors and cameras in the system, not only can the movements of athletes be monitored in real time, but the data can also be wirelessly transmitted to the cloud for analysis. The experimental results show that the training system based on the Internet of Things and mobile networks significantly improves the agility and training effect of athletes, demonstrating the application potential of mobile networks in sports training. Mobile network technology makes data transmission more efficient and convenient. Patients can access the training system at any time and place and adjust their personalised training plans. Graphic processing technology provides patients with more intuitive training data and simulation feedback, helping them better understand their performance and make adjustments.
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of (MO) extract against valproic acid (VPA)-induced small intestine damage in rats. Forty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Contro...This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of (MO) extract against valproic acid (VPA)-induced small intestine damage in rats. Forty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline), MO (300 mg/kg), VPA (500 mg/kg), and VPA + MO. All treatments were administered orally for 15 days. Biochemical oxidative stress analyses revealed that MO treatment mitigated oxidative stress in VPA-treated rats. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that bioactive compounds in MO leaves exhibited potential inhibitory activity against oxidative stress-related enzymes, with high binding affinities. Immunohistochemical results indicated that VPA did not alter antioxidant stress responses such as Nrf2. However, histological examinations showed that VPA caused structural damage to the small intestine, while MO treatment alleviated this effect. Overall, MO exhibited significant protective and antioxidant properties against VPA-induced intestinal injury.
Hepatotoxicity is a pathological condition characterised by disrupted biochemical parameters. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of fruit extract (EJFE) by assessing biochemical endpoints in a rat...Hepatotoxicity is a pathological condition characterised by disrupted biochemical parameters. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of fruit extract (EJFE) by assessing biochemical endpoints in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced liver injury. The study was carried out with five experimental groups of Wistar rats (n = 6): I- Control, II- Negative Control, III- EJFE (200 mg/kg b.w.), IV- EJFE (400 mg/kg b.w.), and V- Standard (Silymarin-treated). CCl exposure resulted in a marked reduction in antioxidant potential ( < 0.05) and increases in oxidative stress ( < 0.05), accompanied by detrimental alterations in the lipid, liver-specific enzymes, and biomolecules. Significant ( < 0.05) elevated levels of protein carbonyl (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation susceptibility, along with reduced paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) level, reflect compromised liver function. Treatment with EJFE significantly ameliorated these effects via enhancing PON-1 activity and reducing susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, further supporting the extracts antioxidative and hepatoprotective potential.
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory arterial disease, involves lipid deposition and immune cell infiltration, leading to vascular thickening and dysfunction. This study evaluated the protective effects of (PM) heart...Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory arterial disease, involves lipid deposition and immune cell infiltration, leading to vascular thickening and dysfunction. This study evaluated the protective effects of (PM) heartwood extract, rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerosis model in male Wistar rats. Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n = 6), receiving either a normal or HFD, with or without atorvastatin or PM extract. After 8 weeks, hemodynamic, biochemical, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters were assessed, along with aortic histology. HFD-fed rats showed elevated heart rate, lipids, liver enzymes, and MDA levels, with histological signs of atherosclerosis. PM treatment significantly reduced triglyceride and MDA levels and modestly improved HDL levels. No significant changes were observed in TNF-α or IL-6. Histology revealed reduced lipid infiltration in PM-treated rats. PM extract exhibited anti-atherogenic and antioxidant effects, warranting further studies to explore its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular disease.
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires effective treatment strategies with minimal side effects. METHODS: DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (NA) at dose...BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that requires effective treatment strategies with minimal side effects. METHODS: DM was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (NA) at dose 60 mg/kg 15 minutes before streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection (60 mg/kg) to 16 hours-fasted Wistar rats. The diabetic rats were treated with xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) (1 mg/kg), and diosmin (10 mg/kg) either singly or in combination every other day for 4 weeks oral gavage in NA/STZ-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS: Both linagliptin and diosmin potentially lowered the fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, and fructosamine concentrations, indicating improved glycemic control. The combined treatment effects were the most potent. The treatments also improved serum lipid profile, and cardiac function markers, including AST and CK-MB, suggesting protective effects on the heart. Histopathological analysis demonstrated enhanced adipose tissue integrity and structural improvements. Additionally, inflammatory markers, including TNF-α and IL-1β, were significantly reduced, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of linagliptin and diosmin. CONCLUSION: the findings suggest that linagliptin and diosmin exert strong anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats; the combined treatment effect was the most potent.
Chronic inflammation associated with abnormal activation of macrophages is an important promoter of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. However, there are no effective strategies for mitigating chronic inflammat...Chronic inflammation associated with abnormal activation of macrophages is an important promoter of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. However, there are no effective strategies for mitigating chronic inflammation. This study demonstrated that (P.K.) can promote macrophages M2 polarisation and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The mechanism involved P.K. upregulation of Mef2d expression, a key gene involved in M2 macrophage polarisation. Mef2d targeted and promoted the expression of Rufy4, thereby activating autophagy and ultimately resulting in M2 macrophage polarisation. P.K. significantly increased the number of M2 macrophages in the bone marrow and kidney while concurrently reducing the serum levels of CRP in a murine model of T2D. In summary, this study confirms that P.K. induces macrophage M2 polarisation via the Mef2d-Rufy4-autophagy pathway, which alleviates chronic inflammation associated with T2D. This study lays a foundation for the prevention and treatment of vascular complications in patients with T2D.
Patients with COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) often present with long-term muscle weakness symptoms, which are closely related to metabolic disorders. Spike protein (SP) is the main structural prote...Patients with COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) often present with long-term muscle weakness symptoms, which are closely related to metabolic disorders. Spike protein (SP) is the main structural protein of SARS-CoV-2, which can upregulate inflammatory factors and affect cell function. This study aims to explore the effect of spike protein on myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanism of action through protein metabolism analysis. The spike protein significantly inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, manifested as decreased cell density. Protein metabolism analysis revealed that after spike protein intervention, the pathways related to protein synthesis within cells were inhibited, while those related to protein degradation were activated, indicating that protein metabolism disorders might be an important mechanism of cell damage. FAK transfection can significantly improve cell damage caused by spike proteins, promote myogenic differentiation, and partially restore the normal expression of protein metabolic pathways.
BACKGROUND: Narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs and toxic drugs are categories of drugs strictly controlled, and their use and management must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. PURPOSE: This study aims t...BACKGROUND: Narcotic drugs, psychotropic drugs and toxic drugs are categories of drugs strictly controlled, and their use and management must strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations. PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the application effect of the PDCA cycle method in the management of anaesthetics, psychotropic and toxic drugs in primary-level traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and to analyse its mechanism of action in optimising drug management in combination with the theoretical basis of nervous system regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: After two rounds of PDCA cycle management, the management deficiencies of anaesthetics, psychotropic and toxic drugs were significantly reduced, and the rationality rate of prescriptions was significantly improved. The PDCA cycle method, combined with the theoretical basis of nervous system regulation, can effectively enhance the management level of anaesthetics. CONCLUSION: The application of this method in drug management has significant theoretical and practical value and is worthy of promotion and application in primary medical institutions.