: The cardioprotective properties of resistance training (RT) in infarcted rats have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of RT prior myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. : Gro...: The cardioprotective properties of resistance training (RT) in infarcted rats have been poorly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eight weeks of RT prior myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. : Groups: SSh: sedentary sham surgery; SMI: sedentary MI; TMI: trained MI. At the end of the eighth week, the animals underwent either MI or sham surgery and were analysed four weeks later. : The TMI presented MI sizes, scar areas, masses of the atria, right ventricle, heart, left atrial area, E wave, and E/A ratio, smaller than the SMI. The protein expression related to Ca handling were not affected by the RE. The maximal load (ML) of the TMI was greater than that of the SMI group. The VO peak and maximum speed (Vmax) were lower in the infarcted groups. : Prior RT confers cardioprotection against cardiac remodelling by attenuating infarct size progression, myocardial hypertrophy, and diastolic dysfunction.
Lipoprotein metabolic regulation plays a vital role in human health and disease, with its abnormalities closely associated with the onset and progression of various disorders. In cases of lymphadenopathy, this study aime...Lipoprotein metabolic regulation plays a vital role in human health and disease, with its abnormalities closely associated with the onset and progression of various disorders. In cases of lymphadenopathy, this study aimed to develop a linear model based on multimodal ultrasound parameters and lipoprotein metabolic regulation, predicting changes in intraluminal and perilymphatic tissue stiffness during cervical lymphadenopathy to provide clinical guidance for assessing lymph node characteristics. All patients underwent multimodal ultrasound examinations including conventional 2D ultrasound, colour Doppler ultrasound, and elastography. The linear model developed based on these factors demonstrated high predictive power, indicating that changes in lipoprotein metabolism are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of lymph nodes. In lymphadenopathy, lipoprotein metabolic regulation affects local inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix remodelling, thereby influencing lymph node stiffness and function. Additionally, lipoprotein regulation indirectly impacts lymph node hardness by modulating angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodelling.
BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent and fatal malignancy worldwide. Despite advancements in early screening techniques and treatments, the prognosis for patients remains suboptimal. Studies have sho...BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent and fatal malignancy worldwide. Despite advancements in early screening techniques and treatments, the prognosis for patients remains suboptimal. Studies have shown that metal ions play crucial roles in the occurrence, progression, and treatment of CRC. METHOD: Regulating the concentrations of specific metal ions within tumour cells can promote cancer cell death and increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. RESULTS: This article reviews the relationships between metal ions such as iron, copper, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc and CRC, summarising recent research progress from mechanistic studies to clinical applications. Magnesium ions inhibit CRC development and metastasis by regulating various signalling pathways can either promote or inhibit tumour-associated gene expression. CONCLUSION: Therefore, modulating the concentrations of relevant metal ions within tumour cells could be a potential therapeutic direction for CRC, providing new theoretical foundations and strategies for clinical treatment.
BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), a common complication following stroke, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and prognosis. Research indicates that neuroregulation and protein metabolic di...BACKGROUND: Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), a common complication following stroke, significantly impacts patients' quality of life and prognosis. Research indicates that neuroregulation and protein metabolic disorders play crucial roles in the development of PSCI. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of the Regional Meningoarterial Score (rLMC) in determining collateral circulation status in acute ischaemic stroke patients. METHOD: Participants were selected based on specific criteria including MRI-detected recent cerebral infarction, absence of prior large-scale subcortical infarction or haemorrhage, and no history of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive impairment. RESULTS: The results showed that cognitive impairment group (CI group) exhibited significantly lower serum acetylcholine levels compared to normal control group (CN group), while β-amyloid protein levels were markedly higher. CI group also demonstrated reduced expression of neuroregulatory factors. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that neuroregulatory factors and protein metabolites can serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and intervention, effectively predicting post-stroke cognitive impairment.
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that causes hepatic injury. The antioxidant activity of vildagliptin is confirmed. The present study investigated the protective effect of Vildagliptin against BPA-induced...Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an environmental pollutant that causes hepatic injury. The antioxidant activity of vildagliptin is confirmed. The present study investigated the protective effect of Vildagliptin against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty four rats were divided randomly into 4 groups (6 rats/group): A control group, BPA group, BPA + Vildagliptin group and Vildagliptin group. All rats, except the controls were orally administered 30 mg/kg body weight BPA and/or 10 mg/kg Vildagliptin. AST, ALT, Triglycerides and albumin were measured in the serum. MDA, GPX, XBP1, Caspase 3 and BCL2 were measured in liver tissues. BPA group showed a significant decrease of albumin and GPX and a significant increase of triglycerides, AST, ALT and MDA. BPA caused up regulation of caspase3 and XBP1 while caused down regulation of BCL2. The co-administration of Vildagliptin reversed these hazards. The results of this study established the protective effect of Vildagliptin against BPA induced liver dysfunction.
INTRODUCTION: Renal fibrosis is a significant factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease. This study examined how menthol affects thioacetamide (TA)-induced biochemical, molecular, and histopathological damage t...INTRODUCTION: Renal fibrosis is a significant factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease. This study examined how menthol affects thioacetamide (TA)-induced biochemical, molecular, and histopathological damage that leads to renal fibrosis and dysfunction. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were treated with TA (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) twice a week for four consecutive weeks, along with menthol (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for the same duration. RESULTS: Menthol effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of rats treated with TA. It also lowered the expression of TGF-β1, SMAD3, α-SMA, and KIM-1. Furthermore, menthol prevented the decline in SIRT1 mRNA expression and protein levels while increasing the expression of Nrf2. It inhibited collagen deposition and histological damage in the kidneys and prevented the rise in serum creatinine and BUN levels. CONCLUSION: Menthol provides protective effects against renal fibrosis induced by thioacetamide. Its antifibrotic effects are mediated by upregulating SIRT1/Nrf2 and downregulating TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways.
Exercise and fasting, by activating hypothalamic neurons, lead to appetite regulation, increased energy efficiency, increased brown fat cells, and weight loss. Additionally, fasting and exercise affect brain plasticity a...Exercise and fasting, by activating hypothalamic neurons, lead to appetite regulation, increased energy efficiency, increased brown fat cells, and weight loss. Additionally, fasting and exercise affect brain plasticity and cognitive function by reducing oxidative brain damage and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), potentially reducing the risk of neurological diseases. In humans, these lifestyle interventions can also modulate autophagy and apoptosis in lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, which play an important role in fighting cancer and virus-infected cells. Fasting and exercise increase the concentration of autophagic monocytes, enhance killer T lymphocytes, strengthen the immune system, and delay cancer progression. Fasting and exercise can improve metabolic and inflammatory parameters through immune-related molecules, reducing systemic inflammation. Furthermore, they are associated with changes in the composition and function of gastrointestinal microbes, including an increase in beneficial microbes and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, along with intestinal epithelial integrity.
BACKGROUND: The effect of halophyte plant "Salicornia arabica" decocted extract (HDE) on histological damage and metabolic disorders induced by a High-Caloric Diet (HCD) in Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) was investigated....BACKGROUND: The effect of halophyte plant "Salicornia arabica" decocted extract (HDE) on histological damage and metabolic disorders induced by a High-Caloric Diet (HCD) in Psammomys obesus (P. obesus) was investigated. METHODS: Forty P. obesus were divided into two groups: receiving a natural Low-Caloric Diet (LCD) or a high-caloric diet (HCD). On day 90, each group was further subdivided into two groups, with or without a daily oral administration of HDE at 300 mg/kg body weight for one month. Body weight, glycaemia, and serum lipid profile were assessed. Histopathological analyses on retinal, pancreatic, renal, and adipose tissues were conducted on day 120. RESULTS: HDE administration markedly alleviates the HCD-induced metabolic disorder and histopathological alterations, restoring tissue integrity compared to the untreated HCD group. ATR-FTIR and micronutrient analyses showed HDE contains antioxidant minerals, soluble dietary fibers, and phenolic compounds likely responsible for its effects. CONCLUSION: HDE may protect against HCD-induced metabolic disorders and tissues alteration in .
INTRODUCTION: One of today's major health threats is brain tumours, yet current systems focus mainly on diagnostic methods and medical imaging to understand them. Here, the Shepard Quantum Dilated Forward Harmonic Net (S...INTRODUCTION: One of today's major health threats is brain tumours, yet current systems focus mainly on diagnostic methods and medical imaging to understand them. Here, the Shepard Quantum Dilated Forward Harmonic Net (ShQDFHNet) is developed for brain tumour detection using MRI scans. METHODS: It starts by enhancing images with high boost filtering to highlight key features, then uses Log-Cosh Point-Wise Pyramid Attention Network (Log-Cosh PPANet) for accurate tumour segmentation, guided by a refined Log-Cosh Dice Loss. To capture texture details, features like Spatial Grey-Level Dependence Matrix (SGLDM) and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) are extracted. The final detection uses ShQDFHNet, combining Shepard Convolutional Neural Network (ShCNN) and Quantum Dilated Convolutional Neural Network (QDCNN), with layers enhanced by a Forward Harmonic Analysis Network. RESULTS: ShQDFHNet achieved strong performance on the Brain Tumour MRI dataset, with 90.69% accuracy, 91.14% True Positive Rate (TPR), and 90.61% True Negative Rate (TNR) using K-fold of 9. DISCUSSION: The use of high boost filtering, Log-Cosh PPANet, and texture-based features improves the input data quality and enables accurate tumor segmentation in MRI scans. The proposed ShQDFHNet model improves feature learning and achieves strong performance on brain tumor MRI data.
Saadh MJ, Nazar Saeed T, Fawzi Al-Hussainy A
… +9 more, Kyada A, Ballal S, Kundlas M, Sabarivani A, Rizaev J, Ghalib Taher S, Alwan M, Jawad M, Mushtaq H
BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the exact cause of Parkinson's disease is still unknown, neu...BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the exact cause of Parkinson's disease is still unknown, neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been identified as essential factors in the disease's pathophysiology. METHODS: Coenzyme Q10 has gathered considerable attention as a potential therapeutic agent due to its dual function in antioxidant defense and mitochondrial bioenergetics. It is an essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and plays a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress, a primary cause of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease. RESULTS: Coenzyme Q10 supplements can enhance mitochondrial activity, reduce oxidative stress, and protect dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. To improve Coenzyme Q10 formulations and ascertain its effectiveness in slowing the progression of Parkinson's disease, more study is required. CONCLUSION: This review examines the neuroprotective mechanisms of Coenzyme Q10 and its potential as a therapeutic option for Parkinson's disease.
This study evaluates the protective effects of () methanolic extract against L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in male rats. The extract's antioxidant potential was confirmed by in vitro assays, revealing 30.76 mg/g...This study evaluates the protective effects of () methanolic extract against L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in male rats. The extract's antioxidant potential was confirmed by in vitro assays, revealing 30.76 mg/g of phenolics, 15.86 mg/g of flavonoids, and strong antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis identified catechin and chlorogenic acid as major components. In vivo, rats were divided into five groups: control, L-arginine-only, two -treated groups (100 and 400 mg/kg), and a melatonin-treated group. L-arginine elevated serum amylase and lipase levels, while extract significantly reduced them, particularly at 24 hours post-treatment. The extract also increased total antioxidant capacity and reduced malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels dose-dependently. Histological analysis showed decreased pancreatic necrosis and edema in treated groups. However, no significant differences were found in cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10). These findings suggest I. germanica extract may alleviate acute pancreatitis primarily through antioxidant mechanisms.
Brandão ABP, Albuquerque RCMF, de Abreu ICME
… +14 more, Ferreira FG, Santos LB, Jensen L, de Souza LE, Ferreira SG, de Souza LB, Lo Schiavo E, Sant Anna L, Higa EM, Casali A, Aimbire F, Irigoyen MCC, Casali KR, Cunha TS
BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the probiotic yeast confers cardiometabolic protection and prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by modulating inflammation, cardiac remodelling, cardiovascular function, and autonomic reg...BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the probiotic yeast confers cardiometabolic protection and prevents diabetic cardiomyopathy by modulating inflammation, cardiac remodelling, cardiovascular function, and autonomic regulation. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were allocated into four groups: Control (C), Diabetes (DM), Control+ (CSb), and Diabetes+ (DMSb). Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ), and treatments (sterile water or ) were administered orally for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, cytokines, and nitric oxide levels were measured, along with cardiac function via echocardiography and direct blood pressure recordings. RESULTS: reduced blood glucose and increased cardiac IL-10 in diabetic mice, restoring nitric oxide levels. These effects were associated to reduced collagen deposition, preventing vascular damage and ventricular fibrosis, and were accompanied by improved systolic/diastolic function and autonomic control. CONCLUSION: improved cardiac structure, function, and autonomic control in diabetic mice, supporting its potential as adjunct therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
INTRODUCTION: Brain Tumour (BT) is characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of the cells within the brain which can result in cancer. Detecting BT at the early stage significantly increases the patient's survival...INTRODUCTION: Brain Tumour (BT) is characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of the cells within the brain which can result in cancer. Detecting BT at the early stage significantly increases the patient's survival chances. The existing BT detection methods often struggle with high computational complexity, limited feature discrimination, and poor generalisation. METHODS: To mitigate these issues, an effective brain tumour detection and segmentation method based on A hybrid network named MobileNet- Deep Batch-Normalized eLU AlexNet (M-DbneAlexnet) is developed based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The image enhancement is done by Piecewise Linear Transformation (PLT) function. BT region is segmented Transformer Brain Tumour Segmentation (TransBTSV2). Then feature extraction is done. Finally, BT is detected using M-DbneAlexnet model, which is devised by combining MobileNet and Deep Batch-Normalized eLU AlexNet (DbneAlexnet). The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 92.68%, sensitivity of 93.02%, and specificity of 92.85%, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately detecting brain tumors from MRI images. DISCUSSION: The proposed model enhances training speed and performs well on limited datasets, making it effective for distinguishing between tumor and healthy tissues. Its practical utility lies in enabling early detection and diagnosis of brain tumors, which can significantly reduce mortality rates.
UNLABELLED: To verify the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on hormonal and adipokine levels in people living with HIV (PLWH). The non-controlled clinical trial, two-arms, parallel, in 18 controls (12 w...UNLABELLED: To verify the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on hormonal and adipokine levels in people living with HIV (PLWH). The non-controlled clinical trial, two-arms, parallel, in 18 controls (12 women; 35.9 ± 13.3 years old; 34.5 ± 9.4% of body fat) and 19 PLWH (11 women; 41.5 ± 13.4 years old; 28.3 ± 9.1% of body fat) were allocated into separate groups without prior knowledge of the distribution. Both groups were submitted to 24 HIIT sessions of ten exercises. An incremental stress test, body composition, and blood colledtion were carried out before and after training. Data were analysed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent t-test, and two-way ANOVA (P < 0.05). HIV- group decreased total cholesterol and triglycerides; HIV+ group decreased serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, and adiponectin; Quicky index was improved (P < 0.05). HIIT improves the metabolic and hormonal profile of PLWH, mainly insulin resistance and adiponectin levels. BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS:UTN: U1111-1231-1846.
This study explored the neuroprotective effects of honokiol against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) pathways in kainic acid (KA)-induced neurodegeneration in rats. The an...This study explored the neuroprotective effects of honokiol against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) pathways in kainic acid (KA)-induced neurodegeneration in rats. The animals were divided into: control [Honokiol solvent (dimethyl sulphoxide), intraperitoneal for 7 days]; sham [single-dose KA solvent (saline, intracerebroventricular)]; KA (0,5 μg/μl, single-dose, intracerebroventricular); Honokiol [5 mg/kg-intraperitoneal) for 7 days]; and KA+Honokiol [KA single dose and Honokiol (for 7 days)]. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues of the right hemispheres of rat brains were removed and examined biochemically and histopathologically. KA administration caused an increase in malondialdehyde levels and a decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. In addition, interleukin-1β levels and TGF-β1 expression were increased. Honokiol treatment decreased malondialdehyde levels, increased SOD and GSH levels, increased interleukin-1β levels and improved TGF-β1 expression in rats. Our data showed Honokiol has a protective potential against kainic acid-induced neurodegeneration by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation and TGF-β1 expression.
CONTEXT: Physical exercise is one of many environmental variables that may affect an organism through epigenetic mechanisms, and thus, it may be passed on to the offspring. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of resistance...CONTEXT: Physical exercise is one of many environmental variables that may affect an organism through epigenetic mechanisms, and thus, it may be passed on to the offspring. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effect of resistance training by the parents on mice offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Training protocol lasted eight weeks, being males and females paired for mating. After birth, the litters were adjusted to eight pups, organised into four groups: sedentary parents (SS), trained parents (TT), sedentary fathers and trained mothers (ST), and trained fathers and sedentary mothers (TS). Male and female pups were analysed separately at the age of 21 days. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis was applied when appropriate at the significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Resistance training improved the strength of both male and female parents. HOMA-IR index of the female offspring of groups ST and TS was improved, as well as that of the male offspring of groups TT and ST. In addition, there was a discrete reduction of adiposity in the offspring when at least one of the parents was trained. CONCLUSION: Therefore, parental resistance training improved insulin sensitivity and adiposity of male and female offspring suggesting resistance training as a beneficial preconception health strategy for better metabolic outcomes in future generations.
BACKGROUND: Chemotherapeutics target cancerous cells, but they also have unavoidable toxicities in healthy tissues. AIM: In this study, the effects of the commonly used chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5FU) on lung tissu...BACKGROUND: Chemotherapeutics target cancerous cells, but they also have unavoidable toxicities in healthy tissues. AIM: In this study, the effects of the commonly used chemotherapeutic 5-fluorouracil (5FU) on lung tissue were investigated, along with the possible protective benefits of apigenin (API), hesperidin (HES), and their combination. METHODOLOGY: The study consisted of control, 5FU, API + 5FU, HES + 5FU, and API+HES + 5FU groups. API 50 mg/kg and HES 200 mg/kg were administered for 7 days. On the 8th day, 5FU was administered a dose of 100 mg/kg. RESULTS: Analyses showed that API and HES were effective in preventing oxidative stress induced by 5FU in lung tissue, attenuating inflammation and apoptosis by suppressing MAPK/NFκB and Caspase-3/Bax/Bcl-2 pathways, suppressing autophagy by decreasing LC3B expression, and regulating Sigmar1 expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the two flavonoids, when administered separately or in combination, may be useful in reducing side effects that often occur during the use of chemotherapeutics.
Elevated postprandial glucose levels can help identify individuals with normal glucose tolerance who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to investigate the c...Elevated postprandial glucose levels can help identify individuals with normal glucose tolerance who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between 1-hour postprandial blood glucose (1hPG) and chronic complications of T2DM, including macrovascular and microvascular diseases. A total of 194 patients diagnosed with T2DM were recruited and classified into complication and non-complication groups. On the basis of the 1hPG cut-off point of 8.6 mmol/L, these patients were divided into three groups (1hPG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L, 8.6 mmol/L ≤ 1hPG < 11.1 mmol/L and 1hPG < 8.6 mmol/L). The incidence of T2DM-related chronic complications was compared among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the predictive capability of 1hPG for T2DM-related chronic complications. A higher 1hPG level was found in patients affected by T2DM combined with chronic complications than those without complications. As 1hPG level decreased, the incidence rate of chronic complications in patients with T2DM decreased, which was indicative of a positive correlation between them. According to ROC analysis, FPG, 1hPG, and 2hPG could assist in predicting occurrence of T2DM-related chronic complications, while 1hPG had stronger predictive value. More importantly, logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that increased 1hPG level was an independent risk factor for chronic complications of T2DM. These findings indicate that an elevated 1hPG level may be associated with an increased risk of chronic complications of T2DM.
The present study examined the effects of Tartrazine, a common industrial food colourant, on the pancreas and the protective role of Thymoquinone. Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into four equal...The present study examined the effects of Tartrazine, a common industrial food colourant, on the pancreas and the protective role of Thymoquinone. Thirty-two Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: Control, Tartrazine, Thymoquinone, and Tartrazine + Thymoquinone. The rats received Tartrazine and Thymoquinone treatments for 21 days. At the end of this period, pancreatic tissues and blood samples were collected for analysis. Tartrazine administration elevated malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels, while decreasing glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in pancreatic tissue. It increased glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, while decreasing insulin and HDL levels in blood samples. Tartrazine administration aggravated pancreatic histopathology and enhanced Caspase-3 positive immunoreactivity. Thymoquinone administration reduced the harmful effects of Tartrazine on biochemical and histopathological parameters. Tartrazine administration negatively impacted pancreatic tissue and blood samples. The increased oxidant capacity and oxidative stress led to these harmful effects. Conversely, Thymoquinone alleviated oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant capacity and could act as a protective agent.