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International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Fructooligosaccharide Upregulates Colonic Vitamin D Receptors and Modulates Inflammatory Status in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Male C57BL/6 Mice.
Brunelle K, Butler E, Nobles Z … +3 more , Lewis L, Hernandez S, Koh GY
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Jan · PMID 41873108 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is commonly observed in obesity, which may increase morbidity risk. This study explores the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on VD signaling and inflammatory status in diet-indu...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency is commonly observed in obesity, which may increase morbidity risk. This study explores the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on VD signaling and inflammatory status in diet-induced obese mice. METHODS: Therefore, 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned (n = 10/group) to groups that received either a (1) standard purified maintenance AIN-93G control diet (CON), (2) CON + 5% FOS (CON-FOS), (3) high-fat diet (HFD) of which 60% kcal was from fat, or (4) HFD + 5% FOS (HFD-FOS) for 10 weeks. RESULTS: Mice fed an HFD exhibited reduced serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25D) levels ( < 0.01) and a 70% decrease in the expression of colonic () mRNA ( = 0.018) compared to the mice fed the CON. A 2-fold increase in colonic mRNA expression was observed in the mice fed the HFD-FOS compared to the HFD ( < 0.01), although the increased FOS did not alter the serum 25D levels in the HFD group. The mRNA and protein expression of colonic Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) was downregulated in the HFD-FOS group compared to the HFD group, which was negatively correlated to colonic expression (r = -0.747; < 0.001). Additionally, the addition of FOS resulted in a 44% reduction in circulating proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the HFD group ( < 0.01). The observed upregulation of ( = 0.017) and zona-occluden 1 () mRNA expression in mice fed FOS and an HFD compared with the HFD group further suggests that FOS supplementation can improve epithelial barrier integrity in HFD-induced obese mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that FOS may be a potential dietary strategy for preventing obesity-induced complications.
Effects of Dietary Peptides From Essence of Chicken on Neuroinflammation and Their Synergism in Neuroprotection.
Hu X, Zheng Y, Jin H … +6 more , Yau CC, Yong SM, Chan GKY, Low ZJ, Fu Z, Ni Y
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Jan · PMID 41873107 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Neuroinflammation is a chronic disease of the nervous system, and timely prevention and treatment could effectively prevent its progression to severe diseases. Essence of chicken (EC) is a mixture of peptides...
OBJECTIVE: Neuroinflammation is a chronic disease of the nervous system, and timely prevention and treatment could effectively prevent its progression to severe diseases. Essence of chicken (EC) is a mixture of peptides and amino acids extracted from whole chickens which has been proven to alleviate neuroinflammation and improve cognition. The aim of the present study was to screen for potential peptides possessing excellent effects in alleviating neuroinflammation and to explore their synergistic effects. METHODS: BV2 cells were treated with 0.1, 1, or 10 mM dietary peptides found in EC in the presence of 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 16 h to screen for potent compounds. LPS-treated BV2 cells were then cultured with 0.03 or 0.1 mM potent bioactive compounds alone or in combination with 0.1 mM carnosine (CAR) for 16 h to determine their synergistic effects. These synergistically treated BV2 cells were further cocultured with HT-22 cells for 24 h to clarify their neuroprotective effects. RESULTS: Among the eight bioactives of EC, CAR, pyroglutamic acid (PA), and cyclo(Gly-Pro) exerted notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects on BV2 cells, as evidenced by the downregulation of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression (10 mM treatment group vs. LPS: < 0.05), attenuation of the inflammatory pathway (all treatment group vs. LPS: < 0.05), and increase in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( < 0.01), catalase (CAT) ( < 0.05), and the content of glutathione (GSH) ( < 0.01). The experiment was conducted in triplicate. Interestingly, PA and cyclo(Gly-Pro) showed a marked synergistic effect with CAR on neuroinflammation. For example, the content of inflammation markers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (CAR + PA vs. CAR: = 0.030, CAR + cyclo(Gly-Pro) vs. CAR: = 0.008) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (CAR + PA vs. CAR: = 0.039, CAR + cyclo(Gly-Pro) vs. CAR: = 0.020), were decreased markedly. The coculture of BV2 microglia with HT-22 neurons revealed that CAR, PA, and cyclo(Gly-Pro) also worked synergistically to reduce LPS-induced cytotoxicity in BV2 cells to protect the growth of HT-22 cells (all treated groups vs. LPS: < 0.05). The protective effect of these dietary peptides might be regulated by the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein Kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway-mediated inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: CAR, PA, and cyclo(Gly-Pro) exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, suggesting that EC dietary peptides are neuroprotective candidates and that the intake of a mixture rather than individual peptides confers more beneficial effects in maintaining healthy neuron function.
The Protective Effect of Vitamin C Targeting Oxidative Stress on Renal Function in Patients with Septic Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled, Pilot Study.
Chen Y, Lu M, Shi X … +2 more , Feng F, Zhou J
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Feb · PMID 41873106 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether vitamin C supplementation in sepsis patients can reduce the occurrence of acute kidney injury. METHODS: A prospective, randomized and controlled pilot trial was conducted. All individuals pa...
OBJECTIVE: To explore whether vitamin C supplementation in sepsis patients can reduce the occurrence of acute kidney injury. METHODS: A prospective, randomized and controlled pilot trial was conducted. All individuals participating in the study received comprehensive initial treatment for sepsis. This involved monitoring lactate levels, ensuring appropriate fluid resuscitation, administering empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics, and using vasoactive medications, with a preference for norepinephrine. If the norepinephrine dosage exceeded 20 μg/min, vasopressin was introduced at a rate of 0.03 U/min to sustain a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mmHg. The experimental group was given vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h by intravenous infusion) for 3 consecutive days, while the control group was given placebo. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients with sepsis were included in the study following application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were randomized into control (n = 20) and experimental (n = 20) groups. No significant differences in baseline characteristics were found between the two groups (all > 0.05). Among the 40 sepsis patients, 5 (25%) in the experimental group and 14 (70%) in the control group developed acute kidney injury, all of whom required support with continuous renal replacement therapy (RRT). The main site of infection was pulmonary, accounting for 70% of cases in the experimental group and 75% in the control group. The most common pathogenic bacteria were gram-negative bacilli (26/40, 65%). The experimental group had a significantly shorter length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) compared to the control group (11.8 ± 2.7 days vs. 13.9 ± 2.1 days, = 0.008), less frequent use of vasoactive drugs (35% vs. 75%, = 0.011), and less frequent need for RRT within 72 h of admission (25% vs. 70%, = 0.004). However, the mortality rate in ICU was not significantly different (10% vs. 15%, = 0.633). CONCLUSION: The use of vitamin C in patients with sepsis is associated with a reduced incidence of acute kidney injury, although a larger sample size is required to confirm this finding. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400093794, https://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.html?id=265499&v=1.0).
Potential Effects of Chia Seed ( L.) on Adipose Tissue Gene Expression and Obesity Indicators in Cafeteria Diet-Fed Rats.
Cetin C, Akyol A, Ayaz A
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Feb · PMID 41873105 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major global health concern, highlighting the need for effective nutritional interventions. Chia seeds ( L.) are rich in α-linolenic acid and have recently attracted attention for potential meta...
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major global health concern, highlighting the need for effective nutritional interventions. Chia seeds ( L.) are rich in α-linolenic acid and have recently attracted attention for potential metabolic benefits. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of chia seed supplementation on obesity-related indicators in a rat model fed a cafeteria diet. METHODS: Three-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 28) were randomly and equally divided into four groups (n = 7 each) and fed the following diets for 15 weeks: control diet (CON), CON with 20% chia seed-supplemented diet (CONC), cafeteria diet (CAF), and CAF with 20% chia seed-supplemented diet (CAFC). Food consumption and body weights were recorded daily. Tissue and plasma samples were collected at the end of the study, and body composition and gene expression levels in white adipose tissues were analyzed. RESULTS: The CAF and CAFC showed significantly higher energy intake (198 ± 7.76 and 199 ± 7.76 kcal/day, respectively) and weight gain (509 ± 46.3 and 500 ± 33.8 g, respectively) compared to CON (all < 0.001). However, chia seed supplementation did not significantly alter body composition ( > 0.05). Plasma leptin levels differed among groups ( = 0.017), with the CAF promoting higher levels than the CON (6.26 ± 1.78 vs. 1.20 ± 0.26 ng/mL). Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c () expression was higher in the CAFC than in the CAF ( < 0.001). Chia seed supplementation significantly decreased uncoupling protein 2 () expression in the CONC ( < 0.05 vs. CON), and the CAFC showed a trend toward decreased expression ( = 0.053 vs. CAF). Expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α () and fatty acid desaturase 2 () genes was higher in the CON than in the CAF and CAFC (both < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chia seed supplementation modified specific gene expression levels, but did not impact primary obesity indicators under obesogenic conditions.
Spirulina Supplementation Can Reduce Serum Levels of C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Clinical Trials.
Hariri M, Azizi-Soleiman F, Baradaran HR … +2 more , Heshmati M, Gholami A
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Feb · PMID 41873104 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that Spirulina may reduce inflammation by modulating key cytokines, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Accordingly, this...
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests that Spirulina may reduce inflammation by modulating key cytokines, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Accordingly, this study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of Spirulina supplementation on serum levels of inflammatory mediators in adults aged 18 years and older. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of several databases, including the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed up to August 2025. The pooled effects were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using I-squared statistics and Cochran's Q test. RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The administered dosages of Spirulina varied from 1 g/day to 8 g/day, with intervention durations spanning 3 to 16 weeks. The pooled analysis demonstrated that Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced serum CRP concentrations compared with placebo group (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.09 mg/L; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.16 to -0.02). In contrast, Spirulina supplementation caused non-significant reduction in TNF-α concentration (WMD: -0.43 pg/mL; 95% CI: -1.44 to 0.59) and IL-6 (WMD: -0.44 pg/mL; 95% CI: -0.98 to 0.1). However, heterogeneity concerning all inflammatory mediators was significant. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicated that Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced serum CRP levels, whereas its effects on IL-6 and TNF-α were not statistically significant. Owing to the significant heterogeneity, further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these beneficial effects. PROSPERO Registration: The study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024606496).
Short-Term Turkish Coffee Consumption Elevates Cardiovascular Risk Markers, Decreases Leptin Levels, and Impairs Sleep Quality in Healthy Young Women: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Elsahoryi NA, Alhaj OA
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Mar · PMID 41873103 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Unfiltered Turkish coffee (UTC) is a traditional drink with high levels of bioactive compounds, but evidence of the associated specific physiological effects is inconclusive, and few studies have examined cof...
BACKGROUND: Unfiltered Turkish coffee (UTC) is a traditional drink with high levels of bioactive compounds, but evidence of the associated specific physiological effects is inconclusive, and few studies have examined coffee in general. This pilot study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of daily UTC consumption on cardiovascular parameters, lipid profile, appetite-regulating hormones (leptin, ghrelin), glucose metabolism, inflammatory markers, and sleep quality in healthy young women. METHODS: This is a pilot randomized controlled trial that randomly assigned 40 healthy young women (aged 18-25 years) to intervention and control groups at a 1:1 ratio after 3 weeks of caffeine washout. The intervention group consumed three 40 mL cups of traditional-brewed UTC daily for 4 weeks, whereas the controls maintained abstinence from caffeine. The primary outcomes were cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate), lipid parameters, and the secondary ones were appetite hormones (leptin, ghrelin), glucose metabolism (markers), inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality, which were evaluated at baseline and at week 4. RESULTS: UTC consumption produced significant between-group differences (time × group interactions) compared to controls: systolic blood pressure (+3.0 mmHg; = 0.025), heart rate (+10.6 bpm; = 0.007), and insomnia severity scores (+4.05 points intervention vs. -1.00 points control; ≤ 0.001), while significantly decreasing leptin levels (-0.04 ng/mL; = 0.014). Significant changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were found ( = 0.002), although high-density lipoprotein (HDL) changes were no longer found significant on baseline correction ( = 0.385). Body composition parameters (body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass) remained unchanged throughout the intervention (all > 0.05). No significant effects were observed for fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)), or ghrelin (all > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Four weeks of UTC intake in this pilot trial were associated with variations in several cardiometabolic variables: interventions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (+3.0 mmHg) and heart rate (HR) (+11.9 bpm) resulted in higher LDL levels, reduced leptin levels, and poor sleep quality, independent of body composition alterations. However, since the -values are nominal and not multiplied by a correction, hypothesis-generating results require verification through properly powered studies. These exploratory findings should be considered by individuals with prior cardiovascular risk factors or sleep disorders when considering the intake of unfiltered coffee. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07133373, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07133373). Retrospectively registered on 13 August 2025.
Impact of High Doses of Vitamin D on Specific Metabolic Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Prospective Biomedical Study.
Max F, Tesař T, Gažová A … +7 more , Smaha J, Jankovský M, Dudová D, Jackuliak P, Kužma M, Payer J, Kyselovič J
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2026 Mar · PMID 41873102 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic molecule involved in various physiological processes beyond skeletal health, including immune modulation and metabolic regulation. This prospective observational biomedic...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D is a pleiotropic molecule involved in various physiological processes beyond skeletal health, including immune modulation and metabolic regulation. This prospective observational biomedical study aimed to assess the impact of short-term high-dose vitamin D supplementation on selected metabolic parameters in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. METHODS: Thirty patients were enrolled and assigned to receive either 10,000 IU/day of cholecalciferol (Group A) or a significantly lower dose (960 IU/day, Group B) for 12 weeks based on recruitment order (odd/even identification numbers). The primary endpoints were changes in parathyroid hormone (PTH), fasting blood glucose (FBG), calcium, phosphorus, and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). RESULTS: A strong, statistically significant negative correlation between changes in 25(OH)D and PTH (Spearman r = -0.69052, = 0.0044) was also observed. In the high-dose group, 25(OH)D increased from 17.2 to 31.8 ng/mL (median change 13.3 ng/mL), while PTH decreased from 3.27 to 2.76 pmol/L (median change -0.27 pmol/L). In the lower-dose group, 25(OH)D increased from 18.5 to 28.2 ng/mL (median change +8.1 ng/mL). The increase in 25(OH)D was significantly greater in the high-dose group than in the lower-dose group (median change +13.3 vs +8.1 ng/mL, = 0.015). Within the observed range, patients with larger increases in 25(OH)D tended to show greater reductions in PTH. Other metabolic markers (HbA1c, FBG, calcium, and phosphorus) remained stable over 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the effectiveness and safety of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in correcting vitamin D deficiency and reducing PTH levels in patients with T2DM while highlighting the need for longer-term studies to evaluate its broader metabolic effects.
Association between Taste Disorder and Dietary Quality and Macronutrient Intake in US Adults: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2014).
Zhang Z, Lin J, Wang N … +4 more , Wang R, Yang L, Cao C, Zheng X
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Nov · PMID 41504166 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Taste disorders are associated with various health conditions, including COVID-19. However, the prevalence and correlation of taste disorders are not comprehensively described at the population level. This st...
BACKGROUND: Taste disorders are associated with various health conditions, including COVID-19. However, the prevalence and correlation of taste disorders are not comprehensively described at the population level. This study aimed to (i) estimate the prevalence of taste disorders, (ii) identify modifiable and non-modifiable correlates, and (iii) investigate the association between taste disorders and diet quality and macronutrient intake. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 7408 adults aged ≥40 years in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Taste disorders and sociodemographic factors were identified through self-reported questionnaires and interviews. Dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015. Weighted logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of taste disorders, while Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and linear regression models were used to analyze dietary quality and macronutrient intake. Multivariable-adjusted models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (as measured by educational attainment and family income level), smoking status, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and a history of chronic diseases (hypertension, high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer). RESULTS: Taste disorders had a prevalence of 5.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.5-5.6). Higher rates were observed in individuals with lower educational attainment, lower income, and a history of diabetes (7.3%; 95% CI: 5.8-8.7), cardiovascular disease (9.7%; 95% CI: 7.7-12.0), and cancer (7.0%; 95% CI: 4.1-10.0). Those with taste disorders had poorer diet quality, lower energy intake, lower protein intake, and higher sugar consumption compared with those without (all < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: US adults exhibited a high prevalence of taste disorders, particularly among individuals with lower socioeconomic status, chronic conditions, and those who are non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic. An increased prevalence is associated with poorer diet quality, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to address the nutritional impacts. Due to the limitations of the cross-sectional design, this study could not establish causality between taste disorders and dietary intake or patterns, underscoring the need for longitudinal studies to confirm the observed relationships.
Icariin Ameliorates Exercise-Induced Acute Muscle Injury and Inflammation by Regulating the Expression of NF-κB and Shaping Gut Microbiota in Mice.
Song W, Ren C, Dong Y … +6 more , Tian F, Wang Y, Yan J, Zhang Y, Tang H, Cui Z
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504165 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid, that has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to explore the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on skeletal muscle injury and inflammatory fa...
BACKGROUND: Icariin (ICA) is a flavonoid, that has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to explore the effects of acute exhaustive exercise on skeletal muscle injury and inflammatory factor levels, and investigate the anti-injury and anti-inflammatory effects of ICA through gut microbiota modulation. METHODS: Thirty C57BL/6J mice were administered ICA by gavage for 8 consecutive weeks, which were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: solvent gavage control group (CON), 25 mg/kg ICA gavage group (ICA-L), and 50 mg/kg ICA gavage group (ICA-H). Serum biochemical and skeletal muscle antioxidant indicators were measured. Antioxidant enzyme activities and anti-inflammatory factor levels were determined. Additionally, gut microbiota were sequenced and analyzed by 16S rDNA and the correlations between metabolic indices and microbial species were assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: ICA alleviated oxidative stress in skeletal muscle by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and upregulating the activities and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). In addition, ICA suppressed inflammation through downregulation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)). Gut microbiota analysis revealed ICA enriched short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria while inhibiting pathogens, with microbial shifts significantly correlated with muscle injury and antioxidant parameters, including , , and . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that ICA ameliorated exercise-induced acute muscle injury and inflammation in mice by modulating gut microbiota composition and regulating NF-κB signaling pathway along with related antioxidant enzyme gene expression.
Selenium-Enriched Yeast Supplementation and Its Influence on Nerve Function Parameters and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.
Ghazisoltani M, Rad SG, Bahari-Moghaddam P … +3 more , Ostadrahimi A, Mobasseri M, Farshbaf-Khalili A
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504164 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, poses a substantial clinical burden and has a detrimental impact on quality of life. This triple-blind, rando...
BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, poses a substantial clinical burden and has a detrimental impact on quality of life. This triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of an 8-week supplementation with selenium-enriched yeast on DPN symptoms, neuropathy severity, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and sexual satisfaction in individuals aged 40-70 years with DPN. METHODS: Fifty participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a daily 200 μg dose of yeast-derived selenium (in a 500 mg capsule) or a placebo. Outcomes were assessed using validated tools: The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) for symptoms, the Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS) for severity, the Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ), and serum PAB levels via a specialized assay. Analyses followed a modified intention-to-treat approach, with ANCOVA and logistic regression used to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: Post-intervention, both groups exhibited significant reductions in neuropathy symptoms (selenium: < 0.001; placebo: = 0.001), though intergroup differences were non-significant [adjusted mean difference (aMD): -0.92; 95% CI: -1.9 to 0.10]. Neuropathy severity decreased significantly in the selenium group ( = 0.002) but not in the placebo group. While PAB levels declined markedly with selenium ( = 0.001), the between-group difference was non-significant (aMD: -32.1; 95% CI: -66.02 to 1.87). Sexual satisfaction scores improved significantly in the selenium group versus the placebo group (aMD: 8.51; 95% CI: 0.74 to 16.28). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that selenium-enriched yeast supplementation may enhance biochemical markers (PAB) and quality-of-life parameters (sexual satisfaction) in DPN. However, its limited efficacy in improving neuropathy-specific outcomes underscores the need for larger trials to clarify its therapeutic potential. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20131009014957N10, https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT20131009014957N10).
Evaluating the Effect of a Magnesium-Focused Nutritional Intervention on Blood Pressure Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia: A Within-Subject Study.
Naseeb M, Albajri E, Hakim NA … +5 more , Almasaudi AS, Afeef S, Basaqr RO, Naghi S, Mosli HH
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504163 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Hypertension increases cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Magnesium is an important nutrient that promotes vascular function and insulin sensitivity, yet its potential role in ma...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension increases cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Magnesium is an important nutrient that promotes vascular function and insulin sensitivity, yet its potential role in managing blood pressure (BP) in patients with T2DM remains unclear. This study evaluates the impact of a magnesium-focused nutrition education intervention on dietary magnesium intake and BP control in patients with T2DM. METHODS: Thirty patients with T2DM (25 women; mean age, 55.7 ± 9.8 years; body mass index, 33.44 ± 7.17 kg/m) participated in two clinical visits for data collection and BP measurement and received 12 weeks of magnesium-focused nutrition education to promote dietary magnesium intake. RESULTS: The education intervention significantly increased dietary magnesium intake by 81.81 mg ( < 0.001). However, there were no significant changes in systolic or diastolic BP. Analysis showed no significant correlation between dietary magnesium intake and systolic or diastolic BP ( ≥ 0.56). CONCLUSION: While the intervention successfully increased dietary magnesium intake, it did not affect BP. These findings suggest that increasing dietary magnesium intake through nutrition education may not significantly impact BP in individuals with T2DM. However, further research is needed to confirm these results and explore other factors that may influence BP management in this population.
Health Risks Associated with a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet and the Potential Protective Role of Anthocyanins.
Kaushalya SDN, Wijesinghe WAJP, Kim EK
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504162 · Publisher ↗
Gluten-free diets (GFDs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Originally, GFDs were designed for individuals with gluten intolerance, including conditions such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia...
Gluten-free diets (GFDs) are gaining popularity worldwide. Originally, GFDs were designed for individuals with gluten intolerance, including conditions such as celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, gluten ataxia, or dermatitis herpetiformis. However, many individuals without gluten sensitivity have subsequently adopted this diet, leading to a growing demand for gluten-free food products. Meanwhile, the health risks associated with a long-term gluten-free diet (LTGFD) and the inherent related issues, such as nutrient imbalances, remain uncertain. Scientific studies have indicated that obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), dysbiosis, and poor mental health represent the most probable health risks associated with a LTGFD. Moreover, high fat and simple carbohydrate content, increased calorie content, and vitamin deficiencies, including vitamin B derivatives (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12), vitamin D, and minerals (Fe, Mg, Se, and Zn), are key components in a GFD that are at the helm of health issues due to a LTGFD. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids found predominantly in red, purple, and blue fruits and vegetables, may provide a promising solution to alleviate health risks associated with a LTGFD due to their inherent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-obesity properties. Therefore, this review critically examines , , clinical, and mechanistic studies to explore the potential of anthocyanin-enriched GFDs in alleviating the health risks associated with a LTGFD, highlighting their significant advantages over regular GFDs.
Mini-Review: The Detoxification Effects of Black Radish in Metabolically Dysfunctional-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.
Armas-Téllez S, Castillo-Flores PS, Uribe M … +1 more , Barbero-Becerra VJ
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504161 · Publisher ↗
The prevalence of liver disease is steadily increasing worldwide. Meanwhile, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, characterized by...
The prevalence of liver disease is steadily increasing worldwide. Meanwhile, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, characterized by the extensive involvement of multiple organs. Currently, the recommended treatment for MASLD is adopting a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular exercise and a balanced diet that incorporates plenty of vegetables. In this context, black radish is a cruciferous vegetable rich in glucosinolates, which represent the most beneficial active components. Glucosinolates act by preventing the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and factors related to lipid metabolism, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). There are several other components, such as precursors for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, which regulate liver enzymes and lipid peroxidation, as well as flavonoids, which help ameliorate lipid accumulation and possess antioxidant properties. These preventive health effects contribute to lipid metabolism and cellular energy balance, which, in turn, aid in liver detoxification and preventing diseases. This review aims to assess the biological detoxification mechanisms and effects of black radish in MASLD and related chronic diseases.
Global Dietary Magnesium Deficiency: Prevalence, Underlying Causes, Health Consequences, and Strategic Solutions.
Zhang W, Zhao Y
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504160 · Publisher ↗
Magnesium is an essential mineral required for energy metabolism, glucose regulation, cardiovascular function, bone integrity, and neural activity. Despite the vital physiological roles of magnesium, , dietary magnesium...
Magnesium is an essential mineral required for energy metabolism, glucose regulation, cardiovascular function, bone integrity, and neural activity. Despite the vital physiological roles of magnesium, , dietary magnesium deficiency remains a widespread and underrecognized global public health concern. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adults in the United States is approximately 420 mg/day for men and 320 mg/day for women, yet large proportions of the population fail to meet these levels with national nutrition surveys consistently documenting inadequate intake. For instance, 64.4% of Chinese adults consume less than the estimated average requirement (EAR) of 270 mg/day for both males and females. Globally, an estimated 2.4 billion people, or roughly 31% of the global population, fail to meet the recommended magnesium intake levels. This deficiency reflects multiple converging factors, including modern dietary patterns low in whole grains and vegetables, soil nutrient depletion from intensive agriculture, food processing losses, aged populations, chronic diseases, and socioeconomic disparities. The health implications are substantial, as magnesium deficiency is associated with elevated risks of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, bone loss, and neuropsychiatric conditions. This review synthesizes current evidence on the biological importance of magnesium, global intake patterns, and determinants of deficiency, and discusses strategic interventions (such as dietary diversification, food fortification, biofortification, supplementation, and public health policies) to enhance magnesium nutrition and reduce the burden of noncommunicable diseases worldwide.
Influence of Daidzein, Tempeh, and Probiotics on Phosphorus Levels in the Postmenopausal Rat Model.
Harahap IA, Skrypnik K, Kołodziejski P … +1 more , Suliburska J
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504159 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Phosphorus is an essential component of bone and energy metabolism; however, the mechanism involved in the regulation of phosphorus under postmenopausal conditions remains insufficiently understood. Interesti...
BACKGROUND: Phosphorus is an essential component of bone and energy metabolism; however, the mechanism involved in the regulation of phosphorus under postmenopausal conditions remains insufficiently understood. Interestingly, the disruption of estrogen status can alter mineral homeostasis. Meanwhile, phytoestrogens and probiotics may offer a non-pharmacological strategy to support mineral homeostasis; nonetheless, evidence of their impact on phosphorus distribution remains limited. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of daidzein, tempeh, and on phosphorus distribution in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS: A total of 64 female Wistar rats were allocated to sham-operated (n = 8) or OVX (n = 56) groups. Following a three-week calcium-deficient diet, the OVX rats were randomized to seven dietary interventions for six weeks: control (O), alendronate (OB), daidzein (10 mg/kg diet/day; OD), tempeh (250 g/kg diet/day; OT), probiotic (1 × 10 CFU/day; OL), daidzein + probiotic (ODL), or tempeh + probiotic (OTL). Food intake, body mass, and phosphorus concentrations in feces, the femur, kidney, pancreas, spleen, heart, and liver were analyzed. RESULTS: OVX groups (O, 366 ± 14 g; = 0.01; OD, 361 ± 18 g; = 0.02; OL, 358 ± 29 g; = 0.04) gained significantly more body mass than sham controls (311 ± 30 g). Dietary interventions with daidzein, tempeh, and enhanced phosphorus deposition in the femur, kidney, and pancreas compared with the OVX controls. The OT group showed the highest femoral phosphorus levels (178,111 ± 32,628 mg/kg d.w., = 0.02), while the ODL group revealed elevated phosphorus levels in the kidney (12,966 ± 462 mg/kg d.w.; = 0.01). The OD (914 ± 115 mg/kg d.w.; < 0.001), ODL (913 ± 39 mg/kg d.w.; < 0.001), and OTL (926 ± 70 mg/kg d.w.; < 0.001) groups showed significantly increased levels of pancreatic phosphorus. A positive correlation was noted between the pancreatic and femoral phosphorus levels ( = 0.33; = 0.02). Alendronate treatment had no significant effect. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary daidzein, tempeh, and probiotics modulate phosphorus distribution in postmenopausal rats. These results support the translational potential of dietary bioactives to improve phosphorus metabolism in postmenopausal women.
Discriminative Gut Microbial Signatures in Hyperuricemia and Overweight Populations Revealed by Metagenomic Sequencing.
Chen T, Guo Y, Liang D … +5 more , Li D, Xing S, Li D, Zhang C, Wang F
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Dec · PMID 41504158 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships between gut microbiota compositional alterations and chronic metabolic disorders by analyzing taxonomic diversity, community structure, and sp...
BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationships between gut microbiota compositional alterations and chronic metabolic disorders by analyzing taxonomic diversity, community structure, and species-level differences in individuals with hyperuricemia (HUA) and a history of being overweight. Our findings offer novel insights into microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies for managing metabolic diseases. A total of 144 participants were recruited and divided into three diagnostic categories: healthy controls (HL, n = 29), hyperuricemia group (HU, n = 24), and overweight (OW, n = 91). METHODS: Comprehensive phenotypic profiles and metagenomes were analyzed for fecal samples from the three groups. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in psychological states and microbial ecology between the metabolic disorder groups (HU and OW) and the control group (HL) ( < 0.05). Both the overweight individuals and those with HUA presented significant changes in gut microbial composition, with reduced α-diversity indices (Shannon index: HU vs HL Mann-Whitney U = 306; = 0.462; OW vs HL Mann-Whitney U = 1008; = 0.040; richness index: HU vs HL Mann-Whitney U = 307; = 0.469; OW vs HL Mann-Whitney U = 1072; = 0.092) compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, analysis of the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified four discriminatory species in the HU group (, , , and ), and five in the OW group (, , , , and ), representing potential biomarkers for the progression of chronic metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION: This study elucidates the characteristics of overweight individuals and those with HUA in terms of phenotypic features and gut microbiota, providing a theoretical reference for gut microbiota-targeted therapies and lifestyle interventions in chronic metabolic diseases.
Characterization of Selenium Accumulation in Strains: A Biotechnological Approach.
Szafrańska J, Ziarno M, Kieliszek M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41201224 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant properties, plays a vital role in the metabolism of microorganisms. Meanwhile, supplementation with selenium may also modify the activity of probiotics. Thus, this s...
BACKGROUND: Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant properties, plays a vital role in the metabolism of microorganisms. Meanwhile, supplementation with selenium may also modify the activity of probiotics. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effect of selenium supplementation on the growth, tolerance, and selenium binding capacity of two probiotic strains: DSM24730 and 299v. In particular, this study aimed to determine whether introducing this microelement into the culture environment would affect the growth capacity and detoxification mechanisms of these bacteria. Additionally, the ability of the selected strains to absorb and store selenium was analyzed, which could have potential benefits for both human health and the quality of probiotic preparations. METHODS: Bacterial cultures of DSM24730 and 299v were grown in specially prepared media supplemented with different concentrations of selenium (0-100 mg/L). This study assessed several key physiological parameters of microorganisms in real-time, including biomass production, growth dynamics, and the ability to survive in conditions that simulate the gastric and intestinal environments. RESULTS: Growth curves and biomass analyses revealed that moderate selenium concentrations (5-10 mg/L) supported the growth of both strains, whereas higher concentrations (50-100 mg/L) inhibited biomass production and delayed the onset of growth, especially in DSM24730. Intensive growth of bacterial biomass (0.23 g/L; < 0.05) in the experimental medium supplemented with 5 mg Se/L was observed for 299v after 24 h of cultivation. In the case of the DSM24730 strain, the lag phase (Δt) was prolonged at higher selenium concentrations, reaching 12 h at 100 mg/L, while the logarithmic phase (Δt) was shortened from 12 h in the control medium to only 2 h at 100 mg/L. The 299v strain demonstrated faster growth, higher biomass yield, and more rapid selenium uptake at moderate concentrations, while DSM24730 accumulated higher final levels of selenium after prolonged incubation. The highest selenium content (0.45 mg Se/g; < 0.05) after 72 hours of cultivation was accumulated by strain 299v. Meanwhile, after the same culture time, the second bacterial strain (DSM24730) accumulated only 0.29 mg Se/g; < 0.05). Tolerance assays using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids demonstrated that both strains survived under acidic gastric conditions; however, the viability of these strains significantly declined in intestinal juice at selenium concentrations of ≥10 mg/L, indicating an apparent dose-dependent inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that 299v is more efficient in rapid selenium assimilation and biomass formation, while DSM24730 may be more suitable for high-capacity selenium loading over time. These findings are consistent with other studies on selenium-enriched probiotics, highlighting strain-specific responses to selenium supplementation. Strain selection and selenium dose optimization are essential for developing safe and effective selenium-enriched probiotic products.
High-dose Dietary Fibre Supplementation Enhances the Gut Microbiome, Health, and Athletic Performance of College Basketball Players.
Zha Y, Xiang M, Zuo Y … +2 more , Liu D, Wang Q
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41201223 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Prolonged or intense exercise can disrupt gastrointestinal (GI) function and gut microbiota, impairing athletic performance. Dietary fibre supplementation may enhance gut microbiota diversity, improve body co...
BACKGROUND: Prolonged or intense exercise can disrupt gastrointestinal (GI) function and gut microbiota, impairing athletic performance. Dietary fibre supplementation may enhance gut microbiota diversity, improve body composition, and promote recovery in athletes. This study aimed to explore the effects of dietary fibre supplementation at two doses for 8 weeks on these aspects in college basketball players. METHODS: Twenty male college basketball players (aged 17-25 years) were randomly assigned to a high-dose group (HDG; 10 participants; 6.84 g/day dietary fibre) or a low-dose group (LDG; 10 participants; 3.24 g/day dietary fibre). The participants consumed fibre-enriched meals daily while maintaining their regular training schedules. The outcome measures included gut microbiota diversity (metagenomic sequencing), body composition, fatigue recovery markers, glucose and lipid metabolism, and athletic performance. Statistical analyses included paired and independent tests for within- and between-group comparisons and Spearman's correlation analysis to assess the relationships between gut microbiota and biochemical markers. RESULTS: One participant in the high-dose group withdrew, and nineteen ultimately completed the study. Both groups showed significant within-group improvements ( < 0.05) in body weight (HDG: -2.77 ± 0.76 kg; LDG: -2.40 ± 0.67 kg), body fat percentage (HDG: -1.87 ± 0.69; LDG: -1.49 ± 0.45), cortisol (HDG: -6.79 ± 4.26 μg/dL; LDG: -4.5 ± 4.84 μg/dL), maximum power (HDG: 27.16 ± 9.77 W; LDG: 14.50 ± 9.43 W), maximal oxygen uptake (HDG: 8.78 ± 0.97; LDG: 6.90 ± 1.37), and half-court triangle run times (HDG: -0.48 ± 0.36 s; LDG: -0.25 ± 0.20 s). Meanwhile, fasting blood glucose significantly decreased (0.91 ± 0.55 mmol/L; = 0.001), and the gut microbiome changes were more stable in the HDG, whereas the LDG presented greater shifts in microbial diversity. No significant between-group differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary fibre supplementation improved the gut microbiome composition, body composition, fatigue recovery, and athletic performance of college basketball players, regardless of dosage. Further studies are needed to evaluate higher doses and specific fibre types.
Calcium and Gastrointestinal Disorders: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Interventions.
Zheng Y, Gao Z, Sun L … +3 more , Shi J, Song J, Ye W
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41201222 · Publisher ↗
Calcium plays a central role in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology through regulating smooth muscle contractility, acid secretion, epithelial barrier integrity, and immune signaling. The dysregulation of calcium homeostasi...
Calcium plays a central role in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology through regulating smooth muscle contractility, acid secretion, epithelial barrier integrity, and immune signaling. The dysregulation of calcium homeostasis has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of GI disorders, including colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, peptic ulcer, and pancreatitis. Specifically, aberrant calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) signaling has emerged as a critical molecular mechanism in colorectal tumorigenesis; meanwhile, calcium-mediated pathways influence gastric acid production and intestinal motility. This review critically evaluated recent advances in calcium signaling within the GI tract, highlighting the crosstalk involved with the gut microbiota and the roles of downstream effectors, including transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 and store-operated calcium entry. This review also examined the therapeutic implications of calcium supplementation across various GI conditions, including bioavailability challenges under different disease states and nutrient interactions involving vitamin D and phosphate. Our review further addresses the role of calcium in mucosal immunity, the clinical relevance of hypocalcemia in GI diseases, and the potential of microbiome-guided nutritional interventions. However, despite growing mechanistic insights, considerable gaps remain in understanding host-microbiota-calcium interactions, genotype-specific responses to calcium, and long-term clinical outcomes. Thus, future research should clarify the dose-response relationships, stratify patient populations by CaSR polymorphisms and microbiome profiles, and establish precision strategies for calcium-based interventions in digestive health.
Relationship of Body Mass Index and Dietary Inflammatory Index With Free Androgen Index and Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Ghanbarzadeh N, Hajizadeh K, Farshbaf-Khalili A … +2 more , Mahdipour M, Shahnazi M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Oct · PMID 41201221 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. While dietary interventions are widely advocated, the distinct roles of adiposity and dietary inflammation in drivi...
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women. While dietary interventions are widely advocated, the distinct roles of adiposity and dietary inflammation in driving PCOS phenotypes remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to dissect the contributions of body mass index (BMI) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) to hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 115 women with PCOS who visited gynecology and infertility clinics affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Data from the DII were computed using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The free androgen index (FAI) was calculated as follows: (total testosterone (nmol/L)/SHBG (nmol/L)) × 100. The relationships between the BMI and DII and FAI, the Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), the Homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, fasting insulin (FI), and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were assessed using descriptive and analytical statistics. The general linear model was applied to adjust for confounders. RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation, SD) BMI and FAI among subjects were 26.27 (3.82) kg/m and 1.5 ± 1.5%, respectively. The median DII (range: -3.66 (most anti-inflammatory) to 4.31 (most pro-inflammatory)) was 0.75. Significant direct relationships were observed between the BMI and FAI ( < 0.001), HOMA-IR ( = 0.008), QUICKI ( = 0.002), testosterone ( < 0.001), FI ( = 0.017), FBS ( = 0.004), and Ferriman Gallwey score ( < 0.001). No significant associations were found between DII and the aforementioned biomarkers ( > 0.05). A normal BMI was associated with a significantly lower hirsutism score (β = -3.94, = 0.003), fasting blood sugar (β = -10.02, < 0.001), fasting insulin (β = -4.05, = 0.042), HOMA-β (β = -1.20, = 0.012), QUICKI (β = -0.19, = 0.015), testosterone (β = -0.34, < 0.001), and free androgen index (β = -0.96, = 0.025) compared to an obese BMI after adjusting for confounders. No significant associations were observed for DII categories (median split) across any biomarkers or hirsutism. CONCLUSION: Adiposity (measured by BMI)-not dietary inflammation-was independently associated with key PCOS manifestations, demonstrating significant positive relationships with hyperandrogenism markers (FAI, testosterone), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and clinical hirsutism. A normal BMI was correlated with clinically meaningful reductions in metabolic-androgen parameters compared to obesity. Thus, weight loss and a generally healthy diet may need to be combined to impact PCOS features significantly.
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