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International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Caloric restriction for the management of malignant tumors - from animal studies towards clinical translation.
Margetis AT
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36755497 · Publisher ↗
In the last few years, numerous studies have demonstrated that dietary modifications in the form of calory restriction exert beneficial effects in several clinical entities, including aging-related pathologies, autoimmun...
In the last few years, numerous studies have demonstrated that dietary modifications in the form of calory restriction exert beneficial effects in several clinical entities, including aging-related pathologies, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Both as preventive but also as therapeutic modalities, these dietary regimens can impact systemic metabolism, immune and hormonal responses, redox balance and gut microbiota, among others. In the field of oncology, the vast majority of experimental work has explored the role of restricted diets in the prevention of malignant tumors, mostly in carcinogenesis-induced models, with at least encouraging results; on the contrary, less research has been performed in the management of full-blown cancer with ketogenic diet or caloric restriction protocols. Herein, we are aiming to review the relevant preclinical and clinical studies to date that investigate the role of caloric restriction in the treatment of established cancer.
Selenium and zinc supplementation in HIV-infected patients.
Pourmoradian S, Rezazadeh L, Tutunchi H … +1 more , Ostadrahimi A
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36728996 · Publisher ↗
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic is still a public health concern. Micronutrient deficiencies can fasten the progression of this syndrome. Selenium and zinc are essential trace elements, which exert antiox...
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic is still a public health concern. Micronutrient deficiencies can fasten the progression of this syndrome. Selenium and zinc are essential trace elements, which exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in HIV infection. The present overview aimed to evaluate the current knowledge from systematic reviews (SRs) of the effects of selenium and zinc supplementation in HIV patients to show the most updated and comprehensive summary of previous SRs. The current study was performed according to the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) statements. To assess the quality of articles we used the Measurement Tool to Checklist Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and EMBASE databases and Google Scholar web search engine were searched up until March 2022, using relevant keywords. Among 3731 articles assessed, five and four studies met the inclusion criteria for selenium and zinc supplementation, respectively. Four studies found that selenium supplementation can be effective in delaying CD4 decline in HIV-infected patients. In four SRs, the dosage of selenium supplementation was 200 μg/day. Three studies, however, reported no significant effect of zinc supplementation on CD4 cell counts, and HIV viral load. The dosage of zinc supplementation ranged from 12 to 100 mg/day. The intervention duration ranged from 2 weeks to 18 months. In the present study, we identified some clinical evidence of a potential beneficial effect of selenium supplementation in HIV-infected patients.
A micronutrient supplement modulates homocysteine levels regardless of vitamin B biostatus in elderly subjects.
Savic-Hartwig M, Kerlikowsky F, van de Flierdt E … +2 more , Hahn A, Schuchardt JP
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36715360 · Publisher ↗
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels (≥15 μmol/L) in the elderly are frequently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Several studies have already shown an Hcy-lowering effect of B...
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels (≥15 μmol/L) in the elderly are frequently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Several studies have already shown an Hcy-lowering effect of B vitamin supplementation in cohorts deficient in these nutrients. The aim of this randomized, double-blinded 12-week intervention study was to investigate whether Hcy levels in healthy elderly subjects (75.4±4.5 years, n=133) could be lowered with a micronutrient supplement (i.e., 400 μg folic acid, 100 μg cobalamin). Difference in mean initial Hcy levels between intervention (17.6±7.1 μmol/L, n=65) and placebo group (18.9±6.1 μmol/L, n=68) was not significant. The prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiency in the total study population was low: 27% had serum-cobalamin levels ≤150 pmol/L, 12% holo-transcobalamin (Holo-TC) levels ≤50 pmol/L, 13% low cobalamin status using the aggregated cobalamin marker 4cB12 and 10% red blood cell (RBC) folate ≤570 nmol/L. Nevertheless, the treated subjects still showed improved cobalamin and folate biostatus (serum cobalamin Δt-t: 63±48 pmol/L; Holo-TC Δt-t: 17±19 pmol/L; RBC folate Δt-t: 326±253 nmol/L) and Hcy levels (Δt-t: -3.6±5.7 μmol/L). The effects were statistically significant compared to the placebo group with p=0.005 (serum cobalamin), p=0.021 (Holo-TC), p=0.014 (RBC-folate) and p<0.001 (Hcy). The Hcy-lowering effect was dependent on the initial Hcy levels (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that elevated Hcy levels in elderly subjects can be lowered regardless of the initial cobalamin and folate biostatus.
Associations of different isomeric forms of serum lycopene with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
Zhang Y, Zhai X, Chai H … +12 more , Liu K, Ma W, Li S, Zeng J, Yang M, Zhou F, Zheng S, Wu X, Xiang B, Cao J, Eshak ES, Jiang C
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36691936 · Publisher ↗
The effect of serum lycopene on the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their longevity remains a controversial topic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of different isomeric forms...
The effect of serum lycopene on the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their longevity remains a controversial topic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations of different isomeric forms of serum lycopene with CVD and all-cause mortality in the American population. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a large population survey to investigate public health in the US. We analyzed data from 2003-2006 linked with mortality data obtained in 2015. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality caused by serum lycopene. Among 7452 participants (aged 20-85 years, 46.7% male), 298 died from CVDs among the total 1213 deaths during a median follow-up of 10.7 years. Serum lycopene is a protective factor for all-cause and CVD mortality. In multivariable-adjusted models, the hazard ratio (with 95% confidence intervals) associated with Q4 compared to Q1 of serum total-lycopene, trans-lycopene and cis-lycopene was 0.49 (0.38,0.63), 0.49 (0.39,0.63) and 0.55 (0.43,0.70) for all-cause mortality (P<0.05), and was 0.53 (0.32,0.96), 0.48 (0.32,0.72) and 0.63 (0.41,0.97) for CVD mortality (P<0.05). The subgroup analyses showed that different isomeric forms of lycopene showed varied associations with CVD and all-cause mortality based on age, drinking status, history of hypertension and diabetes. Serum lycopene concentration was significantly associated with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. Cis-lycopene had a U-shaped relationship with mortality, while trans-lycopene had an inverse relationship with it.
Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and cardiometabolic conditions: Correspondence.
Mungmunpuntipantip R, Wiwanitkit V
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36647632 · Publisher ↗
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Association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer.
Hong SH, Myung SK
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36598418 · Publisher ↗
Previous observational epidemiological studies such as case-control studies and cohort studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. We sear...
Previous observational epidemiological studies such as case-control studies and cohort studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. We searched PubMed and EMBASE in August 2021 using keywords related to seafood intake and thyroid cancer. A pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. We included 17 observational studies with 13 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies, which included 4,309 thyroid cancer patients among 599,161 participants. In the random effects model meta-analysis of all 17 studies, we found that there was no significant association between seafood intake (highest vs. lowest intake) and the risk of thyroid cancer (OR or RR, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.19; I=51.4%). Although the associations were not statistically significant, subgroup meta-analyses by study design showed opposite findings: seafood intake decreased the risk of thyroid cancer in case-control studies (OR or RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.19; I=60.6%; n=13) but increased in cohort studies (OR or RR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.35; I=0.0%; n=4). The current meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies found that that overall, there was no significant association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. However, given that cohort studies give us a higher level of evidence than case-control studies, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between them.
Positive relation between dietary inflammatory index and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Mohammadisima N, Farshbaf-Khalili A, Ostadrahimi A … +1 more , Pourmoradian S
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36530143 · Publisher ↗
Previous studies have shown that some dietary components may be implicated in the aetiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We examined the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and osteoporosis in postme...
Previous studies have shown that some dietary components may be implicated in the aetiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis. We examined the relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Eight hundred and fifty postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years were randomly selected from 87 health care centers. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using the anterior-posterior lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal femur neck through Hologic QDR 4500W (S/N 50266) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. After checking inclusion and exclusion criteria and diagnosis of osteoporosis, 124 women with normal bone mineral density (normal-BMD) and 108 women with osteoporosis were selected. Demographic, anthropometric, physical activity, midwifery, and dietary intake questionnaires were completed. DII was calculated based on a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire using 37 (out of 45) food parameters. A Logistic regression model adjusted for confounders was applied to estimate osteoporosis's odds ratio (OR) based on modeling DII as a continuous and dichotomous variable. In this study, DII scores ranged from -3.71 (the most anti-inflammatory score) to +4.16 (the most pro-inflammatory score). The median DII value among the osteoporosis group was 0.97, among the normal group it was -0.31, indicating a more pro-inflammatory diet for osteoporosis. There were positive associations between osteoporosis and DII based on both continuous (Adjusted OR=3.467, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.280-5.272, P-value<0.001) and dichotomous (Adjusted OR: DII ≤-0.31 / >-0.31=0.248, 95% CI: 0.110-0.561, P-value=0.001) measures in modeling adjusted for age, BMI, post-menopausal years, parity, education, total energy intake, and physical activity. These data suggest a pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by increasing the DII score, may be a risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal Iranian women.
Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with cardiometabolic conditions in Pakistani population.
Fiaz H, Khan AR, Abbas S … +4 more , Bilal A, Khan HN, Hussain M, Awan FR
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36520094 · Publisher ↗
Apart from bone related effects, vitamin D has roles in immune modulation, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic functions of vitamin D are mediated after binding with vitamin D receptor (VDR). p...
Apart from bone related effects, vitamin D has roles in immune modulation, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic functions of vitamin D are mediated after binding with vitamin D receptor (VDR). polymorphisms affect its physiological functions. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were reported previously. However, VDR polymorphisms causing influence on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders have not been investigated in the Pakistani population so far. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the role of polymorphisms (rs2228570 and rs7975232) in the pathobiology of cardiometabolic disorders. In total, 400 cardiometabolic patients and 226 healthy control human adults were enrolled from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Biochemical parameters (serum glucose, liver function test, renal function test and lipid profile) were analyzed by standard kit methods. Genetic analysis was done by ARMS-PCR assay. Data was analyzed in SPSS v20. Regression analysis revealed that GG and AG genotypes of rs2228570 A>G polymorphism significantly increased the risk of hypertension in cardiovascular patients by 5.29 and 5.94 times respectively (GG: OR=5.29, 95% CI=1.63-17.2, ; AG: OR=5.94, 95% CI=1.70-20.7, ). However, rs7975232 C>A polymorphism was not correlated with cardiometabolic conditions. In conclusion, GG and AG genotypes of SNP rs2228570 significantly contribute to hypertension in cardiovascular disease patients.
CD36 polymorphism, sugary drinks, and sedentarism are associated with hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype.
Navarro-Rios D, Panduro A, Roman S … +1 more , Ramos-Lopez O
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36274589 · Publisher ↗
The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by concomitant increases in waist circumference (WC) and blood triglyceride levels (TG), which have been identified as a predictor of metabolic disorders....
The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by concomitant increases in waist circumference (WC) and blood triglyceride levels (TG), which have been identified as a predictor of metabolic disorders. This study aimed to analyze associations between food consumption, exercise, and the gene rs1761667 G>A polymorphism with the HTGW phenotype in adult Mexicans. This cross-sectional study included a total of 255 participants (both genders, between 18-64 years of age). The HTGW phenotype was defined as WC >88 cm in women, WC >102 cm in men, and TG >150 mg/dL. Body composition was analyzed by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary intakes (macro and micronutrients) were evaluated through a validated 64-item food frequency questionnaire and a 24-h recall. Physical exercise was subjectively recorded asking the participants if they regularly performed some systematic exercise or sport of moderate intensity at least 150-300 minutes a week. Biochemical tests were determined by an automated system. A Taqman real-time assay was used to detect the rs1761667 (G>A) polymorphism of the gene. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyze the variables potentially associated with the HTGW phenotype (adjusted for age, energy intake, and total fat mass). Overall, 21.6% of the population presented the HTGW phenotype; compared to the HTGW-, also, they were older, had more body fat, higher glucose, cholesterol and insulin levels, and high blood pressure. Female sex (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.12-7.60, p=0.028), body mass index (OR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.32, p=0.001), total cholesterol (OR=1.01, 95% CI:1.00-1.02, p=0.039), daily consumption of sugary drinks (OR=6.94, 95% CI: 1.80-26.8, p=0.005), and the AG genotype (OR=3.81, 95% CI: 1.08-13.4, p=0.037) were positively associated with the HTGW phenotype, while performing exercise played a protective role (OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.08-0.62, p=0.004). Overall, the model predicted the HTGW phenotype in 47% (R=0.47, p≤0.001). The AG genotype, daily consumption of sugary drinks and sedentarism are risk factors for the HTGW phenotype in Mexicans.
The role of dietary carotenoids in preventing the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Lu Y, Zhao W, Xie P … +6 more , Lin S, Li J, Tse LA, Lu J, Ren Z, Liu X
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36200170 · Publisher ↗
Experimental studies showed that carotenoids had anti-carcinogenic properties, but epidemiological studies on the association between dietary carotenoids and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk were limited, a...
Experimental studies showed that carotenoids had anti-carcinogenic properties, but epidemiological studies on the association between dietary carotenoids and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) risk were limited, and the findings were inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the roles of intake of dietary carotenoids in the development of ESCC among a rural Chinese population. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Southwest China. A total of 915 incident ESCC cases and 925 community-based controls were included. A validated food frequency questionnaire with 76-item was adopted to collect information about dietary consumption. Intake of dietary calories and each carotenoid was calculated according to the China food composition tables. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by a logistic regression model, with adjustments for age, gender, body mass index, family cancer history, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, education, marital status, prudent pattern score, and total calories. In comparison to the highest with lowest intake quartiles, intake of total carotenes (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.96, : 0.024), α-carotene (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.46-0.83, : 0.014), β-carotene (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.46-0.86, : 0.005), and the sum of lutein and zeaxanthin (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.56, <0.001) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of ESCC after adjustment for confounders. The results indicated that a higher intake of total carotene, α-carotene, β-carotene, and the sum of lutein and zeaxanthin was associated with a lower risk of ESCC.
Adverse effects of maternal retinyl palmitate, a vitamin A compound, on the fetal liver.
Aslan D, Soztutar E, Ay H
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Dec · PMID 36200141 · Publisher ↗
Consuming high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy may lead to malformations in the offspring. Some reports state that low doses that do not cause macroscopic abnormalities may result in mental and behavioral disorders....
Consuming high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy may lead to malformations in the offspring. Some reports state that low doses that do not cause macroscopic abnormalities may result in mental and behavioral disorders. However, there are few studies on the microscopic effects of these doses on the organism. The aim was to investigate the effects of early prenatal exposure to different doses of oral vitamin A on the fetal liver. Twenty-five pregnant rats, divided into five groups, received oral vitamin A at doses of 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, and 200,000 IU/kg between days 10 and 12 of gestation. The fetuses were collected on day 19 of gestation, their livers were dissected, and histology, apoptosis, and proliferation were examined by hematoxylin-eosin, TUNEL assay, and Ki67 immunolabeling using stereological methods. Vitamin A decreased fetal liver volume, the number of Ki67-positive cells per unit volume, and the total number of hepatocytes at all doses except 10,000 IU/kg (p<0.001). Consequently, apoptosis was significantly higher in the groups receiving 100,000 and 200,000 IU/kg vitamin A (p<0.001). Our study shows that vitamin A administered during gestation days 10-12 has a suppressive effect on the developing rat liver when the dose exceeds 10,000 IU/kg, probably due to increased apoptosis and suppressed cell division.
Selenium dietary intake and survival among CRC patients.
Augustyniak M, Galas A
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Dec · PMID 36176217 · Publisher ↗
Despite advances in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer death. To date, little is known about the role of prediagnostic selenium intake in colorectal cancer survival...
Despite advances in prevention and treatment, colorectal cancer remains the second most common cause of cancer death. To date, little is known about the role of prediagnostic selenium intake in colorectal cancer survival. The purpose of the study was to verify whether selenium intake in habitual diet before diagnosis is associated with survival in colorectal cancer patients. This was a prospective observation of patients primarily recruited for a case-control study between 2000 and 2012 in Cracow, Poland. A group of 671 incident cases of colorectal cancer was included. Habitual diet was assessed using a validated 148-item food questionnaire. 338 deaths were identified throughout 2017 by the Polish National Vital Registry. To evaluate the impact of dietary selenium on survival, the multivariable Cox regression model was used. After standardization for several potential confounders (including key determinants, such as radical surgery, chemotherapy, tumor stage, and dietary factors), a decrease in the risk of death from colorectal cancer was observed in the group with higher dietary selenium intake (≥48.8 μg/day, group mean: 63.9 μg/day) compared to the group with lower dietary selenium intake (<48.8 μg/day, mean: 38.5 μg/day) (HR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.54-0.98) (the median was used for categorization). : Our study suggests selenium as an additional dietary factor which may be associated with survival among colorectal cancer patients referred to surgery. Due to the observational nature of the study, the results should be taken with caution. These preliminary findings, however, provide the basis for well-structured clinical trials.
Gastrointestinal genetic reprogramming of vitamin A metabolic pathways in response of gastric bypass.
Sampaio P, Waitzberg DL, Machado NM … +14 more , de Miranda Torrinhas RSM, Fonseca DC, Ferreira BAM, Marques M, Barcelos S, Ishida RK, Guarda IFMS, de Moura EGH, Sakai P, Santo MA, Heymsfield SB, Corrêa-Giannella ML, Passadore MD, Sala P
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36164727 · Publisher ↗
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most performed bariatric surgical techniques. However, RYGB commonly results, as side effects, in nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to examine changes in the express...
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most performed bariatric surgical techniques. However, RYGB commonly results, as side effects, in nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to examine changes in the expression of vitamin A pathway encoding genes in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and to evaluate the potential mechanisms associated with hypovitaminosis A after RYGB. Intestinal biopsies were obtained through double-balloon endoscopy in 20 women with obesity (age 46.9±6.2 years; body mass index [BMI] 46.5±5.3 kg/m [mean±SD]) before and three months after RYGB (BMI, 38.2±4.2 kg/m). Intestinal mucosal gene microarray analyses were performed in samples using a Human GeneChip 1.0 ST array (Affymetrix). Vitamin A intake was assessed from 7-day food records and serum retinol levels were evaluated by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Our results showed the following genes with significant downregulation (p≤0.05): LIPF (-0.60), NPC1L1 (-0.71), BCO1 (-0.45), and RBP4 (-0.13) in the duodenum; CD36 (-0.33), and ISX (-0.43) in the jejunum and BCO1 (-0.29) in the ileum. No significant changes in vitamin A intake were found (784±694 retinol equivalents [RE] pre-operative vs. 809±753 RE post-operative [mean±SD]). Although patients were routinely supplemented with 3500 international units IU/day (equivalent to 1050 μg RE/day) of oral retinol palmitate, serum concentrations were lower in the post-operative when compared to pre-operative period (0.35±0.14 μg/L vs. 0.52±0.33 μg/L, respectively - P=0.07), both within the normal range. After RYGB, the simultaneous change in expression of GI genes, may impair carotenoid metabolism in the enterocytes, formation of nascent chylomicrons and transport of retinol, resulting in lower availability of vitamin A.
Microalgae-derived sterols do not reduce the bioavailability of oral vitamin D in mice.
Kühn J, Brandsch C, Kiourtzidis M … +5 more , Nier A, Bieler S, Matthäus B, Griehl C, Stangl GI
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Dec · PMID 36124519 · Publisher ↗
Microalgae have drawn increasing attention as sustainable food sources, also because of their lipid-lowering phytosterols. As phytosterols are also discussed critically regarding their effect on the availability of fat-s...
Microalgae have drawn increasing attention as sustainable food sources, also because of their lipid-lowering phytosterols. As phytosterols are also discussed critically regarding their effect on the availability of fat-soluble vitamins, this study aimed to investigate microalgae-derived phytosterols and their effect on vitamin D status. GC-MS analysis showed large variations in the phytosterol profiles of microalgal species. The most frequent sterols were β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. To investigate their effects on vitamin D status, 40 mice were randomized to four groups and fed a vitamin D-adequate (25 μg/kg) Western-style diet with 0% phytosterols (control) or 1% ergosterol (a fungal sterol not typical for microalgae), β-sitosterol or stigmasterol for four weeks. Contrary to the hypothesis that phytosterols adversely affect vitamin D uptake, mice fed β-sitosterol had significantly higher concentrations of vitamin D in plasma (3.15-fold, p<0.01), liver (3.15-fold, p<0.05), and skin (4.12-fold, p<0.005) than the control group. Small increases in vitamin D in plasma and skin were also observed in mice fed stigmasterol. In contrast, vitamin D levels in the ergosterol and control groups did not differ. The increased tissue levels of vitamin D in mice fed β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were not attributable to the observed reduction in liver triglycerides in these groups. The data rather suggest that changes in bile acid profiles were responsible for the beneficial effect of microalgae sterols on the bioavailability of vitamin D. In conclusion, consumption of microalgae might not adversely affect vitamin D status.
A medical and molecular approach to kefir as a therapeutic agent of human microbiota.
Yegin Z, Sudagidan M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36068959 · Publisher ↗
The imbalanced microbial composition called dysbiosis constitutes a tendency related to different kind of human diseases. To overcome the disadvantages of dysbiosis, the consumption of probiotics is an emerging and promi...
The imbalanced microbial composition called dysbiosis constitutes a tendency related to different kind of human diseases. To overcome the disadvantages of dysbiosis, the consumption of probiotics is an emerging and promising topic of the last decade. Kefir is a probiotic fermented beverage produced from the fermentation of kefir grains with changing varieties of milk and displays a symbiotic association of bacteria and yeast. The discovery of the concept that fermented foods/beverages such as kefir could modify gut microbiota in humans has widened the borders of precision medicine and now microbiome therapeutics can be considered as a significant part of this field. Kefir seems to have potential to guide and manipulate future replacement/complementary therapies with a variety of beneficial biological/medical properties it has. The aim of this review was a comprehensive recapitulation of probiotic beverage kefir's significant properties mainly focusing of antioxidative, immunomodulatory, apoptotic, antitumor and neuroprotective properties. Apoptotic/antimetastatic effects are regulated at the molecular level by increases in TGF-β1, caspase-3, p53, Bax, Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, p21 and decreases in TGF-α, Bcl-2 and MMP polarization. Neuroprotective effects are revealed upon upregulation of SOD/catalase and anti-inflammatory Treg cells, decreases in repetitive behavior and modulation of apoptotic genes. Besides these significant features that may offer advantages in supplementary cancer therapies, the scope was also extended to recent emerging medical topics and also discussed and evaluated the concept of "psychobiotics". The therapeutic potential of psychobiotic effect is majorly attributed to the increased ratios of , and .
Role of vitamin K2 in bone-vascular crosstalk.
Merra G, Dominici F, Gualtieri P … +6 more , Capacci A, Cenname G, Esposito E, Dri M, Di Renzo L, Marchetti M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36039403 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin K (VK) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is indispensable for the activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs). It has been shown to play an important role in the proper calcium deposit at the bone level, hinde...
Vitamin K (VK) is a fat-soluble vitamin that is indispensable for the activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs). It has been shown to play an important role in the proper calcium deposit at the bone level, hindering that on the vascular walls. The deficiency of this vitamin in European populations is frequent and unknown. It is related to several factors, poor dietary intake, altered intestinal absorption or altered production by bacteria, indicating possible dysbiosis. For Vitamin K2 (VK2), there is currently no official reference daily intake (RDI). However, the effects of VK2 on the improvement of health in cardiovascular diseases, on bone metabolism, on chronic kidney diseases have been the subject of research in recent decades. The microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role: are primarily capable of synthetizing very long chain forms of menaquinones and, in addition to the bacteria present in the intestinal flora, VK2 is also produced by bacteria used in food fermentation processes. This review provides an update on the current literature regarding the origin of VK2 and its implications in what is called the "calcium paradox", namely the lack of calcium in the bone and its storage in the wall of the vessel.
The use of vitamin D for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
Matias JN, Lima VM, Nutels GS … +6 more , Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Araújo AC, Suzuki RB, Guiguer EL
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Feb · PMID 36017738 · Publisher ↗
As vitamin D (VD) plays an essential role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), this systematic review aimed to update the participation of this vitamin in the prevention or remission of these diseases. This review has i...
As vitamin D (VD) plays an essential role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), this systematic review aimed to update the participation of this vitamin in the prevention or remission of these diseases. This review has included studies in MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. The authors have followed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis) guidelines. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, twenty-two randomized clinical trials were selected. In total, 1,209 patients were included in this systematic review: 1034 received only VD and 175 received VD in combination with calcium. The average doses of VD supplementation were from oral 400 IU daily to 10,000 IU per kilogram of body weight. Single injection of 300,000 IU of VD was also used. Several studies have shown the crucial role that VD plays in the therapeutic approach of IBD due to its effects on the immune system. It effectively decreased inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ (p<0.05) and provided a reduction in disease activity assessed through different scores such as Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (p<0.05) and Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index (UCDAI) (p<0.05). Unfortunately, the available clinical trials are not standardized for of doses and routes of administration. Existing meta-analyses are biased because they compare studies using different doses or treatments in combination with different drugs or supplements such as calcium. Even though VD has crucial effects on inflammatory processes, there is still a need for standardized studies to establish how the supplementation should be performed and the doses to be administered.
Association of dietary phytochemical index with cardiometabolic risk factors.
Mehranfar S, Jalilpiran Y, Ejtahed HS … +6 more , Seif E, Shahrestanaki E, Mahdavi-Gorabi A, Esmaeili-Abdar M, Larijani B, Qorbani M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Dec · PMID 35997240 · Publisher ↗
Cardio-metabolic risk factors are becoming a global health concern. To address this problem, one of the proposed ways is to focus on phytochemical-rich foods consumption. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the results of o...
Cardio-metabolic risk factors are becoming a global health concern. To address this problem, one of the proposed ways is to focus on phytochemical-rich foods consumption. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the results of observational studies (cohorts, case-control, and cross-sectional) that investigated the association between dietary phytochemical index (PI) as a new index for evaluating phytochemical-rich food intake and various risk factors of cardio-metabolic disorders. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The literature search was performed up to August 2021 with no publication year restriction on observational studies investigating the association between PI and cardiometabolic risk factors on adults and children. A random-effect meta-analysis was used. Overall, 16 articles (cross-sectional, case-control, cohort) were eligible for this systematic review and 8 studies with 99771 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Random effect meta-analysis showed that adherence to higher dietary PI decrease the odds of abdominal obesity (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.88, I: 84.90), generalized obesity (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.98, I: 68.10), hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89, I: 0.00), hypertension (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.99, I: 7.02), and MetS (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.88, I: 84.90). However, results considering the associations between dietary PI with glycemic indices, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were not significant (p<0.05). Evidence showed adverse associations between dietary PI and some cardio-metabolic risk factors such as obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Genetic variations of vitamin D receptor and vitamin D supplementation interaction in relation to serum vitamin D and metabolic traits: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Ghiasvand R, Rashidian A, Abaj F … +1 more , Rafiee M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Dec · PMID 35997204 · Publisher ↗
It is now becoming increasingly recognized that the effects of vitamin D supplementation may vary by several factors including vitamin D deficiency status, ethnicity, and/or the presence of genetic variants, which affect...
It is now becoming increasingly recognized that the effects of vitamin D supplementation may vary by several factors including vitamin D deficiency status, ethnicity, and/or the presence of genetic variants, which affect individual responses to supplementation. This study investigates the interaction between metabolic traits and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25OHD) concentration with 4 polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) including BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, FokI, and vitamin D supplementation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of papers until August 2021 on PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Embase about the association between functionally relevant VDR variants and vitamin D supplementation on circulating 25OHD and metabolic traits. A total of 2994 cases from 16 randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were included in meta-analyses. There were no significant changes in the serum concentrations of 25OHD and metabolic traits after vitamin D supplementation in different variants of BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene in the overall analysis (p>0.05). However, the results showed there is significant interaction between these above VDR polymorphisms and vitamin D supplement on serum 25OHD level after subgroup analyses based on the study duration, gender, age, BMI, health status, Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, PCR, and race (p<0.05). The present meta-analysis demonstrates that the effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25OHD and metabolic traits is independent of genetic variants of the VDR gene (BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and FokI). However, future trials should consider inter-individual differences and, in particular, should aim to clarify whether certain subgroups of individuals may benefit from vitamin D supplementation in the context of metabolic health.
Anti-hyperglycemic effects of propolis or metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ochoa-Morales PD, González-Ortiz M, Martínez-Abundis E … +2 more , Pérez-Rubio KG, Patiño-Laguna ADJ
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Dec · PMID 35965421 · Publisher ↗
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis or metformin placebo on glycemic control in pharmacological treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A double-blind, randomized, placeb...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis or metformin placebo on glycemic control in pharmacological treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled in parallel groups clinical trial was performed in 36 pharmacological treatment-naïve patients with T2DM. They received propolis (300 mg), metformin (850 mg), or placebo twice daily before breakfast and dinner for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postload glucose (2-h PG) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) and a metabolic profile were measured. Areas under the curve (AUC) of glucose and insulin, total insulin secretion (insulinogenic index), the first phase of insulin secretion (Stumvoll index), and insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index) were calculated. Statistical analyses: Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. The propolis and metformin groups exhibited significant reductions in FPG (p=0.009 and p=0.001, respectively), 2-h PG (p=0.034 and p=0.001, respectively) levels, AUC of insulin, Stumvoll index, and an increment in the Matsuda index. The comparison of the changes from baseline to the end showed significant differences between placebo and propolis in FPG (p=0.004) and A1C (p=0.049) levels, while between placebo and metformin were in FPG (p=0.002), 2-h PG (p=0.004) and A1C (p=0.007) levels. The administration of propolis and metformin compared to placebo reduced FPG and A1C levels; in addition, metformin decreased 2-h PG, AUC of glucose and insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased the insulin sensitivity.
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