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International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Dietary carbohydrate quality index and cardio-metabolic risk factors.
Maghoul A, Khonsari NM, Asadi S … +3 more , Abdar ZE, Ejtahed HS, Qorbani M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38009678 · Publisher ↗
Improving the quality of diet is known as one of the practical ways to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) is a relatively new index to evaluate diet quality. It is calculat...
Improving the quality of diet is known as one of the practical ways to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) is a relatively new index to evaluate diet quality. It is calculated based on the ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates, dietary fibre intake, glycemic index and the ratio of whole grains to total grains. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the association between dietary CQI and CMRFs. In this systematic review, some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2022, were searched according to appropriate keywords. All observational studies with an English full text assessing the association between the dietary CQI and CMRFs were included. Two researchers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the articles with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random/fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to pool standardized mean difference (SMD) as an effect size. 11 studies with a total of 63962 subjects were found to be eligible and included in the qualitative synthesis; only BMI, WC and metabolic syndrome reached the threshold of 3 reports with the same effect size and thus only 5 were included in the meta-analysis. The main finding of the included studies was that there were inverse associations between CQI and CMRFs, mainly obesity, glucose metabolism indices, and blood pressure. In the five studies included in the random effect meta-analysis, the association between CQI and body mass index (SMD: 0.45, 95%CI: -0.12, 1.01), waist circumference (SMD: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.34, 0.15) and metabolic syndrome (SMD: 0.63, 95%CI: -0.01, 1.28) was not statistically significant. Although the qualitative findings support the positive association of CQI with CMRFs, the evidence is insufficient to conclude robust findings. Further observational and interventional studies are needed to clearly elucidate this association.
Accidental vitamin D3 overdose in a young man.
Nekoukar Z, Manouchehri A, Zakariaei Z
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 37975856 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a fat-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body and lead to toxicity by increasing 25(OH) D levels when consumed in large amounts. Maintaining 25(OH) D levels greater than 30 ng/mL is crucial fo...
Vitamin D3 (VD3) is a fat-soluble vitamin that can accumulate in the body and lead to toxicity by increasing 25(OH) D levels when consumed in large amounts. Maintaining 25(OH) D levels greater than 30 ng/mL is crucial for overall health due to the significant role of vitamin D in the body. The most common causes of VD3 intoxication are manufacturing errors or self-administration. Currently, there is no definitive data on the dose and duration of VD3 consumption that leads to toxicity. The maximum daily doses of VD3 that can be tolerated without causing adverse effects are not established. The maximum recommended amount for long-term supplementation is 2,000 units per day. Vitamin D3 toxicity (VDT) can present in various scenarios, ranging from asymptomatic to gastrointestinal, and in severe cases with neuropsychiatric and life-threatening symptoms. We report the case of a 29-year-old man who presented with symptoms of VDT following an accidental overdose of VD3 over 2 weeks.
Effects of dietary nitrate and vitamin C co-ingestion on blood pressure and hand-grip strength in young adults.
Lbban E, Macey A, Rundle J … +3 more , Ashor A, Idris I, Siervo M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37938096 · Publisher ↗
Co-administration of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) may reduce oxidative stress, boost the conversion of nitrite ([Formula: see text]) into NO and elicit positive vascular effects. We aimed to tes...
Co-administration of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) may reduce oxidative stress, boost the conversion of nitrite ([Formula: see text]) into NO and elicit positive vascular effects. We aimed to test the effects of oral inorganic [Formula: see text] and vitamin C co-supplementation on vascular function, muscular strength, and on concentrations of urinary [Formula: see text], vitamin C, 8-isoprostanes and salivary [Formula: see text] in healthy young adults. Ten young healthy participants were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind (only for the [Formula: see text] intervention) crossover clinical trial. Participants consumed in random order: 1) nitrate-rich beetroot juice and vitamin C (N+VC), 2) nitrate-rich beetroot juice alone (N) or 3) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice alone (ND). Resting blood pressure (BP) was measured at the research centre and at home. Non-invasive, continuous measurements of BP and cardiac function parameters were performed using a Finometer device. Free-living physical activity and hand-grip strength were assessed. Salivary [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and urinary [Formula: see text], 8-isoprostanes and vitamin C concentrations were measured. There were no significant differences for any of the vascular outcomes between the three interventions groups. However, analyses of within-intervention changes showed a significant lower daily systolic BP in the [Formula: see text]+vitamin C (N+VC) group only (P=0.04). Urinary [Formula: see text] (P=0.002) and salivary [Formula: see text] (P=0.001) were significantly higher in the N+VC group compared to the N and ND groups. These preliminary findings suggest that combining dietary [Formula: see text] with vitamin C could have protective effects on vascular function in young adults and could represent an effective strategy for the maintenance of healthy cardiovascular trajectories.
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera).
Kaur S, Bains K
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37915246 · Publisher ↗
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera, AV) is a widely recognized for its diverse health-promoting, skin care, and medicinal properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of AV's bioactive compounds, p...
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera, AV) is a widely recognized for its diverse health-promoting, skin care, and medicinal properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of AV's bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, potential applications, its toxic and adverse effects, as well as the clinical evidence supporting AV's efficacy in disease prevention. AV contains over 200 bioactive compounds, with the inner clear gel of the leaves containing the majority of these compounds. These include phenolic acids (274.5-307.5 mg/100 g), flavonoids. (3.63-4.70 g/kg), polysaccharides (3.82-6.55 g/kg), saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinone derivatives. Findings from clinical studies involving both humans and animals highlight the therapeutic potential of AV across diverse health domains. The studies demonstrate AV's efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels, exhibiting antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, protecting the liver from damage, and displaying antimicrobial properties. In the fields of dermatology and dentistry, AV has also been observed to promote skin and oral health. However, it is imperative to acknowledge potential risks, adhere to recommended dosages, and seek guidance from healthcare experts before employing AV as a natural therapeutic option. Moreover, considering safety concerns, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to substantiate the potential benefits of AV and comprehensively assess any associated risks.
LIFANA - toward developing a meal recommender system as a dietary support app for the elderly.
Bohn T, Ferrini K, Stahl C
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37877217 · Publisher ↗
Though a variety of eHealth/mHealth dietary solutions exist, many are ill-adapted to the target population and local eating habits. A specific need exists for the elderly, a growing vulnerable population with limited dig...
Though a variety of eHealth/mHealth dietary solutions exist, many are ill-adapted to the target population and local eating habits. A specific need exists for the elderly, a growing vulnerable population with limited digital literacy. The LIFANA project aimed at developing a mobile nutrition solution, i.e. a dietary meal-recommender app for personalized meal planning useful for the elderly. In addition to considering age, gender, and physical activity, the app assured sufficient intake of calories and proteins. The solution was optimized to consider local eating culture in Portugal (PT)/The Netherlands (NL) where it was tested. Recipes (>300) were included and aligned with national food composition dietary databases (FCDBs) to analyse their nutritional values for meal planning. Individual dietary preferences, food restrictions (i.e., allergies), and budget considerations were included in the user profile. The development process involved user integration, including focus groups and usability evaluations, followed by longer field trials in Portugal (n=53 participants, age 60-81 y, 14 months) and the Netherlands (n=107, age 52-86 y, 3 months). Endpoints regarding acceptance/usage frequency, anthropometric measures and (in PT) blood pressure and body fat were collected. 23/34 elderly finalized the trials in PT/NL. No significant changes in anthropometry or other assessed markers, including blood pressure, were observed. 9% (NL) and 47% (PT) of users reported that they would consider using the solution if it were on the market. Via an iterative adaptive process, a dietary app was developed and improved that demonstrated acceptance/user-friendliness comparable to other tools available on the market and allowed - despite the COVID crisis - for stable anthropometric markers and blood pressure. However, it was also observed that additional features, such as a link to an online shopping app, and closer personal follow-up was associated with increased usability and acceptance of the solution and thus further personalization and nudges are warranted to increase employment of such dietary apps.
Microbial cell autofluorescence as a method for measuring the intracellular content of B2 and B6 vitamins.
Maslanka R, Przywara M, Janeczko A … +1 more , Zadrag-Tecza R
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37859397 · Publisher ↗
Vitamins are important organic compound required for the proper functioning of cells and organisms. Vitamins of special industrial and pharmaceutical interests include riboflavin (vitamin B2) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6)....
Vitamins are important organic compound required for the proper functioning of cells and organisms. Vitamins of special industrial and pharmaceutical interests include riboflavin (vitamin B2) and pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Commercial production of those biological compounds has increasingly relied on microorganisms and requires simple methods for detecting and estimating their level of synthesis during the biotechnological process. In the case of yeast, methods based on autofluorescence, i.e. natural fluorescence emitted by several cellular compounds, including vitamins, may be useful. Considering that the intensity of emitted light is proportional to the intracellular concentration of riboflavin and pyridoxine, autofluorescence may be a convenient method for their quantification. In this report, we demonstrate a simple, rapid, and sufficiently trustworthy spectrofluorimetric method for determining the content of vitamins B2 and B6 in yeast cells which consists of cells growing, harvesting, washing, and resuspending in a buffer, and then measuring the emitted visible light using specific wavelength of excitation (λ=340 nm and λ=385 nm for pyridoxine; λ=460 nm and λ=535 nm for riboflavin). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) estimated through measurements of vitamin fluorescence were below 0.005 μg/ml for riboflavin and below 0.05 μg/ml for pyridoxine, respectively. In turn, the smallest credible cell density for measuring autofluorescence was set at 1×10 yeast cells/ml. The relative level of the cell's autofluorescence can be expressed in mass units by applying proper calculation formulas. A comparison of the autofluorescence-based method with the reference HPLC-UV method shows that autofluorescence measurement can be used in the screening analysis of vitamin content (especially riboflavin) in microbial cells.
The anti-infective effect of β-glucans in children.
Wzorek-Łyczko K, Woźniak W, Piwowarczyk A … +1 more , Kuchar E
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37779363 · Publisher ↗
β-glucans are bioactive β-D-glucose polysaccharides of natural origin, presenting antimicrobial and immunomodulation properties, with a low risk of toxicity. This scoping review aims to present the current knowledge on...
β-glucans are bioactive β-D-glucose polysaccharides of natural origin, presenting antimicrobial and immunomodulation properties, with a low risk of toxicity. This scoping review aims to present the current knowledge on the anti-infective properties of β-glucans in the pediatric population. We used the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist to prepare this review. Studies were identified by electronic searches of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to May 2021. The primary search allowed us to find 6232 studies, twelve of which were finally included in the analysis. Eight studies were designed as randomized, placebo-controlled trials, while in four studies the intervention outcome was compared with the pre-intervention period in the same group. The type of preparation and doses varied between studies: in five trials pleuran was administered (in dose 10 mg/5 kg of body weight/day), and in one study baker's yeast β-glucan was used (in two doses: 35 mg/day and 75 mg/day). In six other studies, the analyzed preparation comprised β-glucan and other substances. The shortest study lasted seven days, while the most prolonged intervention lasted six months, followed by six months of follow-up. Ten out of twelve trials demonstrated the effectiveness of β-glucans in reducing respiratory tract infection incidence or alleviation of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Ten out of twelve studies have reported a good tolerance and safety profile. Good tolerance of β-glucans shows a favorable benefit-risk ratio of this type of intervention. Nevertheless, further monitoring of their efficacy and safety in high-quality research is necessary.
Serum carotenoid levels are positively associated with DNA methylation of thioredoxin-interacting protein.
Maeda K, Yamada H, Munetsuna E … +10 more , Fujii R, Yamazaki M, Ando Y, Mizuno G, Tsuboi Y, Ishikawa H, Ohashi K, Hashimoto S, Hamajima N, Suzuki K
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37735933 · Publisher ↗
Carotenoids have been reported to exert protective effects against age-related diseases via changes in DNA methylation. Although lower DNA methylation is associated with age-related diseases, only a few studies have inv...
Carotenoids have been reported to exert protective effects against age-related diseases via changes in DNA methylation. Although lower DNA methylation is associated with age-related diseases, only a few studies have investigated the factors influencing DNA methylation. Carotenoids may be a factor linking TXNIP to specific pathophysiological functions. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum carotenoid levels are associated with DNA methylation levels. We conducted a cross-sectional study using 376 health examination participants (169 men). DNA methylation levels were determined using a pyrosequencing assay. Serum carotenoid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between DNA methylation levels and serum carotenoid levels with adjustment for age, BMI, HbA1c, CRP, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, and percentage of neutrophils. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that DNA methylation levels were positively associated with serum levels of zeaxanthin/lutein ( [95%CI]: 1.935 [0.184, 3.685]), β-cryptoxanthin (1.447 [0.324, 2.570]), α-carotene (1.061 [0.044, 2.077]), β-carotene (1.272 [0.319, 2.226]), total carotenes (1.255 [0.040, 2.469]), total xanthophylls (2.133 [0.315, 3.951]), provitamin A (1.460 [0.402, 2.519]), and total carotenoids (1.972 [0.261, 3.683]) in men (all <0.05). Of these, provitamin A showed the stronger association (standardized =0.216). No significant association of DNA methylation and serum carotenoid was observed in women. The findings of this study suggest that carotenoid intake may protect against age-related diseases by altering DNA methylation status in men.
Roles of selenium in cognition.
Li JM, Bai YZ, Zhang SQ
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37712150 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Nootropic supplements for esports.
Ribeiro FJ, Poínhos R
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37563907 · Publisher ↗
esports, or organized video game competitions, have been expanding quickly. The use of dietary supplements by esports players appears vulgarized but lacks supporting evidence. To outline studies that tested the effects...
esports, or organized video game competitions, have been expanding quickly. The use of dietary supplements by esports players appears vulgarized but lacks supporting evidence. To outline studies that tested the effects of dietary supplements on video gaming, summarize their findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and recommend future research. Clinical trials published in English between 1990 and 2023 that assessed the effects of dietary supplements on the cognitive performance of video gamers. The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. PRISMA's (2020) flow diagram was used to create the data chart. Sixteen studies were outlined. Thirteen were randomized, thirteen applied acute interventions, ten applied a crossover design and only three weren't placebo-controlled. Of the 10 studies that included caffeine (40-200 mg), four reported significant positive effects on cognition (attention, processing speed, working memory), two on first-person shooter video gaming performance (reaction time, hit accuracy, time to hit 60 targets), and one on Tetris game score. All 3 studies that included arginine silicate (1500 mg) reported significant improvements in one or more aspects of cognition (reaction time, attention, visual representation, and spatial planning). Two studies that tested sucrose (21 and 26.8 g) didn't report significant improvements, while one study that tested 26.1 g of glucose registered significant positive effects on processing speed and sustained attention. The published literature has focused on the effects of caffeine, which may exert both positive and negative effects on esports players. Additional, high-quality research is needed.
Dietary iron and the risk of lung cancer.
Mohammadzadeh M, Bahrami A, Ghafouri-Taleghani F … +3 more , Khalesi S, Abdi F, Hejazi E
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37469109 · Publisher ↗
Animal models have suggested the carcinogenic effect of iron due to its oxidative potential. The lung is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between...
Animal models have suggested the carcinogenic effect of iron due to its oxidative potential. The lung is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between dietary iron and the risk of lung cancer have reported inconclusive results. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to clarify this association. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google scholar for eligible articles published through May 2023 reporting the Relative Risk (RR), Hazard Ratio (HR) or Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Case-control and cohort studies that examined the relationship between dietary iron and lung cancer risk were included and review and meta-analyses articles, experimental studies, abstracts, letters to editor and studies with insufficient data were excluded. Finally, three case-control studies and 6 cohort studies were included. Random effect models were used to calculate the pooled results. Nine studies (cases =21,943, participants =1,542,993) were included. There were no significant associations between the highest dietary total iron (heme and non-heme) (RR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.78 to 1.51) or heme iron (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.38) intake compared to the lowest intake with lung cancer risk. Null-associations were also observed in the subgroup analysis based on smoking status and lung cancer histology. However, in the subgroup of women (cases =5074), heme iron was associated with a 14% increase in the risk of lung cancer (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.29). The current results demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between dietary iron intake and the risk of lung cancer. However, a positive association was observed between dietary heme iron and the risk of lung cancer in women, which may require further investigation.
Assessing mean corpuscular volume as a screening tool for gestational vitamin B12 deficiency based on NHANES.
Fideli ÜS, Scher AI, Olsen C … +1 more , Hisle-Gorman E
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37469107 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin B12 can lead to neurological deficits. We assessed whether the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) could be a sufficiently sensitive measurement for abnormal serum methylmalonic Acid (MMA) and total plasma homocysteine...
Vitamin B12 can lead to neurological deficits. We assessed whether the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) could be a sufficiently sensitive measurement for abnormal serum methylmalonic Acid (MMA) and total plasma homocysteine (tHCY) (biomarkers of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency) and if so, at what cutoff value. A total of 26,397 participants (12,730 males and 13,667 females) were included in the analysis. Weighted analysis was performed using NHANES data to calculate crude/adjusted associations between MCV-MMA/tHCY, using linear regression. Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) 95% CIs were estimated from logistic regression models. Receiver Operating Curve and the Youden Index were used to identify the MCV level that most accurately distinguished those with abnormal MMA and tHCY (dependent variables) from those without. A positive and significant correlation between MCV-MMA/tHCY was found in the general population between ages 18-85, 0.95 (95% C.I. 0.75-1.17) and 2.61 (95% C.I. 2.15-3.08). In pregnant women, for every unit increase in MCV there was a 19% increase in odds of abnormal MMA, OR 1.19 (95% C.I. 1.08-1.31), p=0.001 and the Area Under the Curve for MCV as a test for abnormal MMA was 78%. An MCV cutoff of 93.1 correctly identified abnormal MMA in pregnant women with 81% sensitivity and 77% specificity. In the general population the MCV test performed poorly in identifying abnormal MMA/tHCY. MCV is an inexpensive measurement that may be useful to screen asymptomatic pregnant women for vitamin B12 abnormalities. This may have a significant impact on reducing adverse neurological outcomes in their children.
Astaxanthin could regulate the gut-kidney axis to mitigate kidney injury in high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Ha M, Yang Y, Wu M … +3 more , Gong T, Chen Z, Yu L
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37434308 · Publisher ↗
Accumulating evidences have shown the beneficial effects of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation on metabolic diseases prevention and treatment. The goal of present study was to reveal the favorable interactions among AST s...
Accumulating evidences have shown the beneficial effects of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation on metabolic diseases prevention and treatment. The goal of present study was to reveal the favorable interactions among AST supplementation, gut microbiota, and kidneys , so as to attenuate kidney impairment in diabetic mice. Twenty C57BL/6J mice were assigned to a normal control group and a diabetic model group induced by a high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin, and then the diabetic mice were fed with a high-fat diet without or with AST [0.01% (AST_a) or 0.02% (AST_b)] for 12 weeks. When compared to the diabetes kidney disease (DKD) group, AST supplementation delayed the renal pathological progression, reduced fasting blood glucose (AST_b: 1.53-fold, <0.05), repressed levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; AST_a: 1.24-fold, =0.008; AST_b: 1.43-fold, <0.001) and TMAO (AST_a: 1.51-fold, =0.001; AST_b: 1.40-fold, =0.003), inhibited IL-6 (AST_a: 1.40-fold, =0.004; AST_b: 1.57-fold, =0.001) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; AST_a: 1.30-fold, =0.004; AST_b: 1.53-fold, <0.001), as well as regulated the Sirt1/PGC-1α/NFκB p65 signaling pathway. Moreover, the results of 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina deep sequencing in each group revealed that dietary AST supplementation also favorably modulated the gut microbiota compared with the DKD group, as evidenced by the inhibition of the harmful bacteria , and and the enhancement of the probiotics such as and . Taken together, dietary AST supplementation could protect kidneys against inflammation and oxidative stress by adjusting the gut-kidney axis in diabetic mice.
Selenium and children's cognition.
Bai YZ, Zhang SQ
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37415363 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Urinary 2- to 16α-hydroxyestrone ratio did not change with cruciferous vegetable intake in premenopausal women.
Davis SJ, Arscott SA, Goltz S … +3 more , Muir C, Binkley N, Tanumihardjo SA
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37335576 · Publisher ↗
The mass ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-α-hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios being theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetab...
The mass ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-α-hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios being theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetable intake has been associated with higher urinary 2:16 in some studies. We investigated whether a whole-food supplement made from dried Brussels sprouts and kale would increase urinary 2:16 in comparison with placebo or cruciferous vegetables in women. This randomized, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, partly blinded study included 78 healthy premenopausal women (38-50 y) with screening urinary 2:16 ≤3.0. Subjects received either six capsules containing 550 mg dried Brussels sprouts and kale per capsule, 40 g daily alternating broccoli or Brussels sprouts, or placebo for eight weeks. Urinary 2:16 and creatinine were measured at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Intent-to-treat repeated measures-ANOVA with multiple imputation (=100) for missing values identified no treatment effect (=0.9) or treatment-by-time interaction (=0.6); however, a significant time effect was noted (=0.02). Per-protocol analyses including complete cases found no treatment effect (=1) or treatment-by-time interaction (=0.6); however, the significant time effect remained (=0.03). Restricting analysis to subjects with >80% compliance maintained the time effect (=0.02). Using Pearson correlations, android-pattern and android:gynoid fat were predictive of change (≤0.05). In conclusion, neither cruciferous supplements nor an added vegetable serving altered urinary 2:16 in premenopausal women with eight weeks treatment. This ratio did vary with time, which is important for designing future trials.
The anti-obesity effects of resveratrol on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Molani-Gol R, Rafraf M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37248954 · Publisher ↗
Obesity is a severe health problem worldwide due to its association with various adverse health consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, as a natural polyphenol, on the 3T...
Obesity is a severe health problem worldwide due to its association with various adverse health consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, as a natural polyphenol, on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2022 using relevant keywords. All original articles, written in English, evaluating the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes were eligible for this review. Initially, 4361 records were found in the electronic search databases. After removing duplicates and irrelevant studies according to the title and abstract, the full text of the 51 articles was critically screened and 38 in vitro studies were included in this review. Except for one case, all of these studies reported that different doses (ranged 1-200 μM) of resveratrol treatment have anti-obesity effects on 3T3L1 adipocytes through various mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, a decrease of fat accumulation and adipogenesis, promotion of white adipocytes browning, inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation and consequent differentiation, and up-regulation of miRNA that involved in the antiadipogenic and triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue. The findings indicate that resveratrol has anti-obesity effects. Therefore, resveratrol treatment could be used to prevent and treat obesity and its related disorders. Well-designed randomized clinical trials with different doses of resveratrol are recommended to be performed on obese subjects.
Effects of green tea on lipid profile in overweight and obese women.
Li A, Wang Q, Li P … +2 more , Zhao N, Liang Z
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37082776 · Publisher ↗
The effect of green tea administration on serum lipids' concentrations remains unclear as various investigations, which have explored this topic, have produced conflicting results. Gender might be one of the factors infl...
The effect of green tea administration on serum lipids' concentrations remains unclear as various investigations, which have explored this topic, have produced conflicting results. Gender might be one of the factors influencing the impact of green tea on the lipid profile. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of green tea intake on the lipid profile in overweight and obese women. We searched five databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar) using a combination of MeSH and non-MeSH terms. Results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and synthesized with a random-effects model. In total, 15 eligible RCTs with 16 arms (1818 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The combined effect size revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -4.45 mg/dl, 95% CI: -6.63, -2.27, P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -4.49 mg/dl, 95% CI: -7.50 to -1.47, P=0.003) concentrations following green tea supplementation in overweight and/or obese women. In addition, a more pronounced reduction of triglyceride (TG) levels occurred when the baseline TG value was ≥150 mg/dL (WMD: -24.45 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.63 to -8.26, P=0.003). Moreover, a significant decrease in TG concentrations occurred in RCTs conducted on overweight subjects (BMI: 25-29.99 kg/m) (WMD: -5.88 mg/dl, 95% CI: -10.76 to -0.99, P=0.01). In the subgroup analyses based on the study population, a notable increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values was observed in obese individuals (>30 kg/m) (WMD: 2.63 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.10 to 5.16, P=0.041). Consumption of green tea causes a reduction in LDL-C and TC concentrations in overweight and obese women. The decline in TG levels was notable particularly in overweight patients with hypertriglyceridemia at baseline. In addition, a significant increase in HDL-C was detected in obese subjects following intake of green tea.
Higher dietary flavonol and isoflavonoid intakes are associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Esfandiar Z, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Mirmiran P … +1 more , Azizi F
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 37042357 · Publisher ↗
Adequate evidence supports beneficial effects of plant-derived phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among phytochemicals, dietary flavonoids is one of the superb candidates. The whole studies are carried out in...
Adequate evidence supports beneficial effects of plant-derived phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among phytochemicals, dietary flavonoids is one of the superb candidates. The whole studies are carried out in Western populations, so it is needed to investigate the risk of T2D by dietary flavonoid intakes in ethnic origins and other regions to confirm these relations. This study was conducted to investigate whether the daily consumption of total flavonoid and its subclasses can affect the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Iranian population. Eligible adults (=6547) were selected from among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study with an average follow-up of 3.0 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of T2D in relation to total intake of flavonoids. This study was conducted on 2882 men and 3665 women, aged 41.3±14.6 and 39.0±13.4 years, respectively. After adjustment for several potential confounders (age, sex, diabetes risk score, physical activity, energy, fiber and total fat intakes), risk of T2D decreased from tertiles 1 to 3 for flavonols (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.86 (0.64-1.16), 0.87 (0.63-0.93), P=0.01) and isoflavonoids (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.84 (0.62-1.13), 0.64 (0.46-0.88), P=0.02), whereas non-significant results were found for total flavonoid and other subclasses of flavonoid. These results emphasize the potential protective role of flavonols and isoflavonoids rich food (e.g. apple, tea, soy, and dark chocolate) in the prevention of T2D.
Genistein supplementation has no effects on vitamin D levels in healthy Spanish postmenopausal women.
Pérez-Alonso M, Calero-Paniagua I, Usategui-Martin R … +7 more , Briongos LS, Ruiz-Mambrilla M, Olmos JM, González-Sagrado M, De Luis D, Dueñas-Laita A, Pérez-Castrillón JL
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 36919425 · Publisher ↗
In vitro studies have shown that genistein inhibits the CYP240 enzyme, which is involved in the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its precursor 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and increases their plasma levels....
In vitro studies have shown that genistein inhibits the CYP240 enzyme, which is involved in the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its precursor 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and increases their plasma levels. However, no clinical studies have primarily assessed the synergistic effect of isoflavones on vitamin D levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible additive effect of genistein supplementation on vitamin D levels, calcium metabolism and bone remodeling markers in healthy postmenopausal women during the spring-summer months. We made a prospective, double-blind study with 150 healthy postmenopausal women that were randomized to three groups. One received placebo, another received calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 800 U/day) and the third received calcium (1000 mg/day), vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 800 U/day) and genistein (90 mg/day). The study period was from May to September (spring-summer). Vitamin D, PTH, CTX and P1NP were determined by electrochemiluminescence at baseline and after 12 weeks. Vitamin D levels increased in all groups: placebo (23±9 ng/ml vs. 29±10 ng/ml, p<0.05), calcium+vitamin D (26±10 ng/ml vs. 33±8 ng/ml, p<0.05) and calcium+vitamin D+genistein (24±9 ng/ml vs. 31±8 ng/l, p<0.05) without between-group differences. At study end, the percentage of women with vitamin D <20 ng/ml (11%) and <30 ng/ml (39%) had fallen without between-group differences. The effects on calcium metabolism and bone remodeling markers were similar between groups: rises in vitamin D were significantly linked to reductions in PTH, CTX and P1NP. Adding genistein to supplementation with calcium and vitamin D provided not additional changes in vitamin D levels, calcium metabolism or bone remodeling markers in healthy Spanish postmenopausal women during the spring-summer months.
Multiplicative, additive, and interactive associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lung and prostate cancer.
Voutilainen A, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S … +3 more , Nurmi T, Kokko P, Tuomainen TP
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Apr · PMID 36755523 · Publisher ↗
Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive ep...
Results regarding the epidemiological association of vitamin D with lung (LCA) and prostate cancer (PCA) are controversial. This study tested whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have interactive epidemiological associations with smoking, the number-one risk factor for LCA, and age, the number-one risk factor for PCA. Also, this study investigated whether the associations of 25(OH)D, smoking, age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diet (the healthy Nordic diet score), and physical activity with incident LCA and PCA are multiplicative or additive. The study of association types makes it easier to select appropriate statistical methods. The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study provided the data of 2578 men with 112 LCA and 300 PCA cases over 35 years by the end of 2019. Serum 25(OH)D did not associate with LCA and PCA or interact with smoking and age. The association of smoking with LCA was additive; 13 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. Age and alcohol consumption multiplicatively increased the hazard of LCA (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval for age >50: 3.56, 1.82-6.17; drink per week: 1.01, 1.00-1.03), whereas adherence to healthy Nordic diet decreased it (per score point: 0.95, 0.89-1.00). The association of age >50 with PCA was additive; 2.5 extra cases per 1000 men every 10 years. To conclude, there was no epidemiological relationship of pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D concentrations with the incidence of LCA and PCA. The respective associations of smoking and age >50 with LCA and PCA were additive rather than multiplicative.
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