International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]

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Long-Term Health Effects of Vitamins and Nutrients.

Ali SH, Raza ML

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Apr · PMID 40298155 · Publisher ↗

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Causal Relationships between Iron Status and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Two-Sample, Multivariable, and Two-Step Mendelian Randomization.

Zhou Y, Chen D, Zhu W … +7 more , Liang Z, Zhao L, Zeng H, Wu L, Ye X, Ao C, Diao K

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Apr · PMID 40298154 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was clinically documented to be accompanied by iron homeostasis imbalances, however, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed... BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was clinically documented to be accompanied by iron homeostasis imbalances, however, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between iron homeostasis indicators (serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TSAT)) and NAFLD risk. METHODS: We applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effects of genetic liability to iron homeostasis indicators (N = 43,220-246,139) on NAFLD risk (N = 377,988) in individuals of European ancestry. Reverse direction MR, multivariable MR, and two-step MR were performed to estimate reverse association, causal effects independent of smoking or drinking, and the mediating effect of lipid metabolism, respectively. Smoking and drinking as confounders were considered confounders. RESULTS: Genetically predicted serum iron, ferritin, and TSAT were significantly associated with a higher risk of NAFLD (odds ratio (OR): 1.286, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.075-1.539; 0.0059; OR: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.050-1.500, = 0.0195; and OR: 1.223, 95% CI: 1.067-1.402; = 0.0039, respectively). Reverse direction MR analysis suggested that genetic liability to NAFLD had no significant causal effect on iron homeostasis. Sex-specific MR exhibited a stronger effect size for the association of elevated ferritin with NAFLD risk in males (OR: 1.723, 95% CI: 1.338-2.219; = 2.48 × 10). Two-step MR revealed that elevated triglycerides (TGs) mediated approximately 3%-5% of the observed effect of serum iron and TSAT on NAFLD risk, while decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) mediated 9%-10%. CONCLUSION: Genetic liability to iron status imbalance may causally affect NAFLD. This evidence may support the clinical treatment of NAFLD in the target population.

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The Role of Folic Acid in DNA Methylation and Breast Cancer.

de la Torre Guzmán SR, Pelayo-Chávez B, García-Muro AM … +2 more , Soto-Reyes E, Sánchez-López JY

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Mar · PMID 40298153 · Publisher ↗

Folate and folic acid (FA) are two forms of vitamin B9, a B-complex nutrient essential for the human body. Folate is the natural form of vitamin B9 and is found in foods such as citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables, and... Folate and folic acid (FA) are two forms of vitamin B9, a B-complex nutrient essential for the human body. Folate is the natural form of vitamin B9 and is found in foods such as citrus fruits, leafy green vegetables, and beans. In contrast, FA is the synthetic form and is commonly found in supplements and added to fortified foods. The metabolism of folate and FA plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and methylation; therefore, understanding the mechanism through which a decrease in folate and FA consumption affects the development of breast cancer (BC) is important. DNA hypermethylation can inhibit the transcription of tumor suppressor genes, while DNA hypomethylation may have the same effect and activate oncogene transcription. However, some genetic variants exist, such as rs1801133 and rs1801131 in the gene and rs1051266 in the gene. The gene encodes an enzyme that facilitates the utilization of folate to support essential bodily functions, while the gene is responsible for transporting folate into cells and acts as an anion exchanger. Both genes intervene in the transport and absorption of FA and are related to an increased risk of cancer. Studies investigating the relationship between FA and BC often rely on and models; however, the findings may not fully translate to humans due to significant physiological and metabolic differences across species. This article explores how changes in FA metabolism due to malabsorption defects, a deficient diet or genetic variants may impact methylation processes and their relationship with BC.

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Role of Lutein Supplements in the Management of Dry Eye Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Chu YC, Huang CC

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Dec · PMID 40134251 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Dry Eye Disease (DED) significantly impacts global populations, causing discomfort and vision problems. This review explores the effects of lutein supplementation on DED symptoms and signs. METHODS: A systema... BACKGROUND: Dry Eye Disease (DED) significantly impacts global populations, causing discomfort and vision problems. This review explores the effects of lutein supplementation on DED symptoms and signs. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, examining clinical trials from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 584 subjects were included. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to heterogeneity in study designs, dosages, and outcome measures. RESULTS: Lutein dosages ranged from 3 mg/day to 20 mg/day, with treatment durations from 4 to 12 weeks. Improvements were observed in subjective symptoms, with significant reductions in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores in some studies. Objective measures also showed positive results: tear break-up time (TBUT) increased significantly in some trials. However, other studies reported no significant differences between treatment and control groups, reflecting heterogeneity in outcomes. Schirmer's test and corneal-conjunctival staining results varied, with some showing significant improvements and others not. CONCLUSIONS: Lutein supplementation may benefit DED patients by improving symptoms and tear film stability. However, due to study heterogeneity, larger, well-designed RCTs are needed to establish standardized dosing and confirm these findings.

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Fat Distribution as a Determinant of Vitamin D Status: A Cross-Sectional Study of Adults in the United States.

Bai Y

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Dec · PMID 40134250 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to elucidate correlations between obesity-related indicators and vitamin D (VD) status in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: We analysed data from 9168 adults aged 20... BACKGROUND: This study aimed to elucidate correlations between obesity-related indicators and vitamin D (VD) status in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. METHODS: We analysed data from 9168 adults aged 20-59 years obtained from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured and categorised into quartiles. Anthropometric measurements, including weight, waist circumference, and fat mass in various body regions quantified through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, were collected. Multiple imputation was employed to replace missing data. The importance of obesity-related indicators and serum 25(OH)D concentration was explored using multiple linear regression adjusted for demographics, lifestyle factors, dietary intake, and clinical biomarkers, and stepwise regression. RESULTS: Weight, waist circumference, and fat mass across all body regions were inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D levels (all 0.001). Notable differences were observed between men and women. Stepwise regression revealed a strong inverse correlation between visceral adipose tissue and serum 25(OH)D concentration in men [β 95% CI: -13.04 (-18.10, -7.99), 0.001], whereas in women, only weight was significantly correlated with serum 25(OH)D concentration [β 95% CI: -0.20 (-0.28, -0.12), 0.001]. Demographic attributes, seasonal sunlight exposure, dietary VD, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium intake, and biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase and creatinine also emerged as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Besides conventional obesity measures, abdominal fat metrics exhibit robust associations with VD deficiency, especially in men. Public health initiatives and clinical management strategies for hypovitaminosis D in obese populations should consider nuanced aspects of adiposity distribution alongside other demographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors influencing VD.

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Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation and Iron Homeostasis: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

Sharifi-Zahabi E, Abdollahzad H

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Dec · PMID 40134249 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence indicates the regulating effects of alpha-lipoic acid on iron metabolism. However, findings from clinical trials are equivocal. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to eva... BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence indicates the regulating effects of alpha-lipoic acid on iron metabolism. However, findings from clinical trials are equivocal. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the quantitative effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation on iron metabolism parameters including serum iron, total iron binding capacity, hemoglobin, and ferritin. METHODOLOGY: Online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched, up to 29 May 2022, to obtain all relevant studies. RESULTS: A total of 1901 publications were identified in the systematic search; of which, 10 studies with a total of 529 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled analysis of the studies showed no statistically significant effects of ALA on ferritin (weighted mean difference (WMD) = -11.01 ng/mL; 95% CI: -40.07, 18.05 ng/mL; = 0.0%, = 0.670), serum iron (WMD = -0.47 μ/dL; 95% CI: -24.48, 23.54 μ/dL; = 94.7%, < 0.001), hemoglobin (WMD = 0.49 g/dL; 95% CI: -0.54, 1.52 g/dL; = 95.7%, < 0.001), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (WMD = 3.95 μ/dL; 95% CI: -21.3, 29.2 μ/dL; = 53.1%, = 0.094). In subgroup analysis, ALA significantly increased hemoglobin in patients with hematological disorders (WMD = 1.23 g/dL; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.45 g/dL; = 96.6%, < 0.001) and in studies with durations longer than 8 weeks (WMD = 1.03 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.25 g/dL; = 96.5%, = 0.02). CONCLUSION: ALA supplementation had no statistically significant effect on iron-related parameters. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant increasing effect of ALA on hemoglobin in patients with hematological disorders and in studies with durations >8 weeks.

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Associations of Dietary Intakes with Parkinson's Disease: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Zeng Z, Xiong L, Cen Y … +3 more , Hong G, Shen Y, Luo X

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Dec · PMID 40134248 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, and the exact etiology of PD has not been fully elucidated. Changes in dietary patterns play an important role in the onset and pro... BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease, and the exact etiology of PD has not been fully elucidated. Changes in dietary patterns play an important role in the onset and progression of PD. However, the association between specific dietary factors and PD remains unclear. METHODS: A total of 14,309 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-2016) were included. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between 34 nutrients and PD. The regression model was adjusted for potential confounders and effect modifiers including age, gender, race, education, hypertension, and stroke. RESULTS: The data showed negative associations of the intake of protein (0.99 (0.98, 1.00), = 0.018), fiber (0.96 (0.93, 0.99), = 0.003), vitamin E (0.91 (0.86, 0.97), = 0.005), copper (0.55 (0.36, 0.86), = 0.009) with PD. Alpha carotene ( = 0.042), beta-carotene ( = 0.006), phosphorus ( = 0.018), magnesium ( = 0.002), sodium ( = 0.035), potassium ( = 0.001) had a potential negative correlation with PD. The intake of carbohydrate, sugars, fat, cholesterol, vitamin A, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein zeaxanthin, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, caffeine, theobromine, alcohol was not associated with PD ( > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Some specific dietary elements are associated with PD, and supplementation of dietary elements may have potentially beneficial effects. However, the observed associations between dietary factors and PD may be influenced by changes in diet resulting from the disease itself, rather than diet influencing PD risk. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and directionality.

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Negative Association between Vitamin E Intake and Remnant Cholesterol: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2020.

Cao J, Su Y, Xiao Y … +2 more , Zhao S, Yang H

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Feb · PMID 40134247 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Remnant cholesterol (RC) is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, making it a potentially effective management tool for preventing cardiovascular disease... BACKGROUND: Remnant cholesterol (RC) is a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, making it a potentially effective management tool for preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the relationship between vitamin E intake and RC remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Survey 2007-2020. 11,585 participants (aged ≥20, 48% male) were included. Information on vitamin E intake (dietary vitamin E intake and total vitamin E intake) was collected. RC was defined as serum total cholesterol minus high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Survey-weighted linear regression models and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to test the relationship between vitamin E intake and RC. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also performed to verify the robustness of the results. RESULTS: After adjusting for all potential confounders (demographics, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, diet, and comorbidities), dietary vitamin E intake was negatively associated with RC (β = -0.21, 95% CI: (-0.29, -0.12), < 0.0001), and this negative association was also present between total vitamin E intake and RC (β = -0.12, 95% CI: (-0.18, -0.06), < 0.0001). The RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear negative association between vitamin E intake and RC. The negative correlation existed in different subgroups, with no interaction except for the "use of vitamin E supplements" subgroup. CONCLUSION: Vitamin E intake showed a protective association with RC. The results suggest that increasing dietary vitamin E intake may help reduce RC levels and CVD risk.

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Changes in Vitamin D and Gut Microbiota in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients with Bloodstream Infections.

Gao Q, Bai M, Qi T … +4 more , Zhai J, Song Y, Zhang W, Liang G

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2025 Feb · PMID 40134246 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) and gut microbiota (GM) are important variables in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with bloodstream infections (BSI). Both VD and GM play significant roles i... BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) and gut microbiota (GM) are important variables in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with bloodstream infections (BSI). Both VD and GM play significant roles in immune regulation and in maintaining intestinal barrier function. METHODS: This prospective case-control study included 48 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent HSCT, as well as 20 healthy children from the community. Plasma samples were collected pre- and post-HSCT, together with post-HSCT fecal samples. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D) were measured using chemiluminescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. GM was analyzed by 16S rDNA next generation sequencing. RESULTS: The incidence of BSI in pediatric HSCT recipients was 33.3% (16/48). No significant differences in serum 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)D levels were observed between the BSI and non-BSI groups either before or after transplantation, or with the healthy control group. The α-diversity of GM in BSI and non-BSI patients was significantly lower than in healthy subjects. Proteobacteria were significantly more abundant in BSI patients than in non-BSI patients ( = 0.0434) or healthy controls ( = 0.0193). Pediatric HSCT patients showed significantly higher levels of ( < 0.001), ( < 0.001), ( < 0.001), ( = 0.0175) and ( = 0.0394) compared to the controls, whereas the levels of Firmicutes ( = 0.009), Actinobacteria ( < 0.001), ( < 0.001) and ( < 0.001) were significantly lower. β-diversity analysis revealed significant population differences between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate there is no practical value in monitoring VD in HSCT patients. During HSCT and BSI, the GM experiences a loss of probiotics and an increase in potential pathogens.

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Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

Xu J, Li J, Chen H … +4 more , Li Q, Wu Y, Chen X, Kong X

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Dec · PMID 40134245 · Publisher ↗

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the primary cause of chronic liver disease. Although malnutrition is a common late-stage clinical consequence during the course of organ dysfunction and de... BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the primary cause of chronic liver disease. Although malnutrition is a common late-stage clinical consequence during the course of organ dysfunction and death in critical patients, it has not received sufficient attention in the context of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition in patients with NAFLD using three simple tools for nutrition assessment. METHODS: Participants (n = 3908) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were divided into NAFLD (n = 1737) and non-NAFLD (n = 2171) groups. The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and nutrition risk index (NRI) were applied to investigate the association between malnutrition and mortality among NAFLD patients. RESULTS: The median age of participants was 54.0 years, with females accounting for 52.2% of the study cohort. A majority of elderly male participants had NAFLD, and up to 18% of NAFLD patients suffered from malnutrition. During the average period of follow-up (24.4 ± 7.2 months), 36 all-cause deaths occurred in the NAFLD group. Multivariate analysis revealed that malnutrition was associated with significantly higher mortality compared with normal nutrition. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PNI was 4.44 (95% CI: 2.07-9.53, < 0.001), and for NRI it was 6.98 (95% CI: 1.47-33.11, = 0.014). The CONUT score also showed a trend for association with higher mortality. CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is a common comorbidity in NAFLD patients and is closely associated with poor prognosis and higher mortality. The three nutrition assessment tools employed in this study could be used to improve the predictive ability of nutritional status for mortality among NAFLD patients.

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Vitamins B and B in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Razavinia F, Ebrahimiyan A, Faal Siahkal S … +2 more , Ghazinezhad N, Abedi P

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38904980 · Publisher ↗

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that begins before age 12. Given the role of B group vitamins in cell metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, and neurotrans... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that begins before age 12. Given the role of B group vitamins in cell metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, and neurotransmitters, the present study systematically investigated the plasma levels of vitamins B and B in children with ADHD. We searched electronic databases including Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Iran MEDEX, Cochran database, and SID from conception to June 2023. Full-text case-control or cross-sectional studies were included in this study. Participants in the case group were children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4) was used for statistical analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs were used to determine the differences between the two groups. Six studies were included in the present meta-analysis. They included 982 children, of whom, 204 were girls and 744 were boys. The mean age of the children was 8.86±2.03 years. The level of vitamin B was significantly different between children with and without ADHD [SMD -0.80, 95% CI (-1.55, -0.04)]. Vitamin B was significantly lower in children with ADHD [SMD -0.29, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.16)]. However, due to high heterogeneity (I = 93%), sensitivity analysis was used, I fell to 21%, and significant difference was observed between the two groups [SMD -0.19, 95% CI (-0.34, -0.04)]. The results of this systematic review showed that the level of vitamins B and B in children with ADHD was significantly lower than that in healthy children.

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Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health.

Bánáti D, Hellman-Regen J, Mack I … +7 more , Young HA, Benton D, Eggersdorfer M, Rohn S, Dulińska-Litewka J, Krężel W, Rühl R

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38904956 · Publisher ↗

A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of trans... A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9--13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.

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Analysis of the current vitamin A terminology and dietary regulations from vitamin A to vitamin A.

Rühl R, Bánáti D

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38506673 · Publisher ↗

Dietary recommendations on vitamin intake for human food fortification concerning vitamin A in various countries, larger economic zones and international organizations are mainly based on the Food and Agriculture Organiz... Dietary recommendations on vitamin intake for human food fortification concerning vitamin A in various countries, larger economic zones and international organizations are mainly based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) "Codex Alimentarius standards". The general vitamin A terminology is based on regulations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) that are used to describe the involved derivatives. These regulations and terminology were set up in the middle of the last century. Starting with the decade of the 80ies in the 20th century a large improvement of molecular biological methodologies, background physiological mechanisms as well as analytical techniques contributed to a large diversification of this simply claimed vitamin A terminology. Unfortunately, the following terminology and governmental regulations for food fortification are imprecise and non-harmonized. In this article we tried to unravel this terminology for updating terminology, nutritional suggestions and governmental regulations for vitamin A, which are currently based on various uncertainties. According to the current regulations, the newly found vitamin A/X can be included in the current vitamin A terminology as "vitamin A" or alternatively or even in parallel as a new vitamin A-independent terminology as "vitamin X". Based on the detailed knowledge of research from the early beginning of general vitamin A pathway identification towards detailed research of the last decades the commonly used and simplified term vitamin A with relevance for governmental recommendations on vitamin intake and food fortification advice was now more correctly sub-categorized to further vitamin A, and A sub-categories with vitamin A-alcohol as retinol, vitamin A-alcohol as 3,4-didehydroretinol and vitamin A-alcohol as 9--13,14-dihydroretinol as their mainly relevant vitamin forms present in the human organism. Here we suggest and advise how the vitamin A terminology and further governmental regulations should be organized depending on a successful unraveling of the organization of the current vitamin A terminology.

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Soy isoflavones and inflammation in participants with chronic diseases.

Kawada T

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38476011 · Publisher ↗

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Grape seed extract supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Ghanbari P, Alboebadi R, Bazyar H … +5 more , Raiesi D, ZareJavid A, Azadbakht MK, Karimi M, Razmi H

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38419408 · Publisher ↗

Despite rising non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and its impact on liver health, there's a lack of studies on grape seed extract's (GSE) effect on oxidative stress and quality of life (QoL) in NAFLD pa... Despite rising non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and its impact on liver health, there's a lack of studies on grape seed extract's (GSE) effect on oxidative stress and quality of life (QoL) in NAFLD patients. This study aims to fill this gap by the potential benefits of GSE in reducing oxidative stress and improving QoL. In this randomized clinical trial study, fifty patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either 2 tablets of GSE containing 250 mg of proanthocyanidins or placebo (25 participants in each group) for two months. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire, and oxidative stress variables (TAC, MDA, SOD, GPx, CAT, and IL-6) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Compared with the control group, the group supplemented with GSE experienced greater reductions in IL-6 and MDA (3.14±1.43 pg/ml vs. 2.80±0.31 pg/ml; 4.16±2.09 μM vs. 4.59±1.19 μM, p for all <0.05), as well as greater increases in TAC, SOD, and GPx levels (0.18±0.08 mM vs. -0.03±0.09 mM; 10.5±6.69 U/ml vs. 8.93±1.63 U/ml; 14.7±13.4 U/ml vs. 8.24±3.03 U/ml, p for all <0.05). Furthermore, the QoL questionnaire showed that physical limitations, general health, and total physical health were significantly improved in the GSE group compared with the placebo (17.0±42.0 vs. -12.0±37.5; 3.80±14.8 vs. -3.92±9.55; 5.08 5.26 vs. -7.01±13.7, p for all <0.05). GSE can be effective in improving oxidative stress and QoL in patients with NAFLD. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.

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The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on liver enzyme levels.

Arefpour H, Rasaei N, Amini MR … +7 more , Salavatizadeh M, Hashemi M, Makhtoomi M, Hajiaqaei M, Gholizadeh M, Askarpour M, Hekmatdoost A

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38407143 · Publisher ↗

According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver enzymes have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore,... According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver enzymes have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess astaxanthin's effects on liver enzymes. A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar up to February 2023 to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A random-effects model was used for the estimation of the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD). Overall, we included five trials involving 196 subjects. The duration of the intervention was between 4 and 48 weeks, and the dose was between 6 and 12 mg/day. ALT levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group following astaxanthin supplementation (WMD: 1.92 U/L, 95% CI: 0.16 to 3.68, P=0.03), whereas supplementation with astaxanthin had a non-significant effect on AST (WMD: 0.72 U/L, 95% CI: -0.85 to 2.29, P=0.36), GGT (WMD: 0.48 U/L, 95% CI: -2.71 to 3.67, P=0.76), and ALP levels (WMD: 2.85 U/L, 95% CI: -7.94 to 13.63, P=0.60) compared to the placebo group. Our data showed that astaxanthin supplementation increases ALT concentrations in adults without affecting the levels of other liver enzymes. Further long-term and well-designed RCTs are necessary to assess and confirm these findings.

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The protective association of dairy intake and the adverse impact of iron on gestational diabetes risk.

Pouladi F, Nozari E, Hosseinzadeh F … +1 more , Hashemi S

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38229511 · Publisher ↗

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a pregnancy-related glucose intolerance with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. Calcium is essential for insulin secretion and metabolism, while iron intake may also imp... Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a pregnancy-related glucose intolerance with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. Calcium is essential for insulin secretion and metabolism, while iron intake may also impact GDM. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between calcium and iron intake with the risk of GDM. GDM was defined as Fasting Blood Sugar>92mg/dL or 75g Oral-Glucose-Tolerance-Test 120-minutes>153mg/dL. A 168-Item food-frequency-questionnaire was used to collect dietary calcium and iron intake from 24-40 weeks of gestation. The impact of total iron, red, processed/unprocessed meat consumption, calcium, and dairy intake on GDM were investigated. A total of 229 GDM and 205 non-GDM women (18-45 years) participated. GDM group had higher pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain, and pre-pregnancy BMI. Across all models, GDM risk significantly increased in the third and fourth quartiles of iron intake. The fourth quartile had an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.68 (CI 95%, 4.89-1.56; P<0.001) compared to the reference. Heme-iron consumption in the fourth quartiles increased GDM risk. In the second calcium intake model, ORs for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.51 (CI 95%, 0.91-0.25), 0.43 (CI 95%, 0.77-0.24), and 0.35 (CI 95%, 0.63-0.19), respectively (P<0.001 all), reducing GDM risk by 50-65% compared to the first quartile. Dairy consumption in all quartiles of the first and second models was associated with lower GDM risk. Consumption of heme-iron through red and processed meat associated with an increased chance of developing GDM. Dairy intake reduces the chances of developing GDM in pregnant women.

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Could polyphenols be an effective treatment in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome?

Irmak E, Tunca Sanlier N, Sanlier N

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38229476 · Publisher ↗

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a health problem observed in women of reproductive age. Different diets, physical activity recommendations and lifestyle changes can be effective in dealing with the symptoms of PCOS.... Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a health problem observed in women of reproductive age. Different diets, physical activity recommendations and lifestyle changes can be effective in dealing with the symptoms of PCOS. Nutrition is indeed an essential part of the treatment of the disease as it directly affects body weight loss, insulin resistance, lipid profile, hormones, and dermatological complaints such as acne. Polyphenols, simply classified as flavonoids and non-flavonoids, are bioactive components found in plant-based foods. The most common polyphenols in the diet are flavanols, flavonols, flavanone, anthocyanins. In particular, polyphenols which are compounds naturally found in foods, have antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic benefits along with many other ones. In the treatment of PCOS, polyphenols may help reduce the symptoms, improve insulin resistance and poor lipid profile, and cure hormonal disorders. It has been reported that polyphenols are influential in menstrual cycle disorders and enable a decrease in body weight, hyperandrogenism, estrogen, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios and LH. For adequate daily intake of polyphenols, which are found in high amounts in fruits and vegetables, at least 5 portions of fruits and vegetables should be consumed in addition to a healthy nutrition pattern. In this review, the effects of various polyphenols on polycystic ovary syndrome are discussed.

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No benefit of soluble fiber on liver function.

Ghavami A, Talebi S, Barghchi H … +3 more , Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Mohammadi H, Ziaei R

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38044659 · Publisher ↗

To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and... To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and people with specific health conditions, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published prior to April 2022. We estimated the change in liver function parameters for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms (1744 subjects; 884 cases, 860 controls) were included. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms were included. The intervention duration of the included studies ranged from 3 to 52 weeks and the dose of soluble fiber supplementation varied from 0.0025 to 40 g/d. Soluble fiber supplementation could not significantly affect serum alanine transaminase (MD: -0.02 U/L, 95% CI: -1.06 to 1.01), aspartate transaminase (MD: -0.34 U/L, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.15), alkaline phosphatase (MD: 0.29 U/L, -0.14 to 0.71), gamma-glutamyl transferase (MD: 0.12 U/L; 95% CI: -0.81 to 1.05), serum bilirubin (MD: 0.42μmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.93) and albumin (MD: 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.70) levels. Findings from this study did not support the beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function biomarkers. There is a need for long-term high-quality interventions to examine the effects of different types and doses of soluble fibers on liver function as primary outcome.

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Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health.

Jaquez-Durán G, Arellano-Ortiz AL

Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2024 Jun · PMID 38009780 · Publisher ↗

Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, vario... Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.

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International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]

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