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International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
International Journal For Vitamin And Nutrition Research. Internationale Zeitschrift Fur Vitamin- Und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal International De Vitaminologie Et De Nutrition[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Effects of inulin on calcium metabolism and bone health.
Bakirhan H, Karabudak E
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Feb · PMID 33611985 · Publisher ↗
Inulin, a dietary fibre found in the roots of many plants, has positive effects on health. It is particularly noteworthy due to its positive impact on calcium metabolism. Inulin has significant functions, such as improvi...
Inulin, a dietary fibre found in the roots of many plants, has positive effects on health. It is particularly noteworthy due to its positive impact on calcium metabolism. Inulin has significant functions, such as improving calcium absorption through passive diffusion, bolstering calcium absorption via ion exchange and expanding the absorption surface of the colon by stimulating cell growth. In addition, inulin boosts calcium absorption by increasing calcium solubility, stimulating levels of calcium-binding protein expression and increasing useful microorganisms. It increases calbindin levels and stimulates transcellular active calcium transport. An inulin intake of least 8-10 g/day supports calcium absorption and total body bone mineral content/density in adolescents through its known mechanisms of action. It also significantly enhances calcium absorption and improves bone health in postmenopausal women and adult men. Sustained and sufficient inulin supplementation in adults has a positive effect on calcium metabolism and bone mineral density.
Inflammatory diets are associated with lower total iron binding capacity in sera of young adults.
Doherty JL, Larvie DY, Shivappa N … +2 more , Hebert JR, Armah SM
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Feb · PMID 33593088 · Publisher ↗
Chronic, systemic inflammation, which is associated with obesity and numerous other diseases, impairs iron status by increasing hepcidin concentration. Inflammation also decreases the concentration of transferrin, the ma...
Chronic, systemic inflammation, which is associated with obesity and numerous other diseases, impairs iron status by increasing hepcidin concentration. Inflammation also decreases the concentration of transferrin, the main iron transport protein and a negative acute phase protein, which is indirectly assessed by measuring total iron binding capacity (TIBC). However, the contribution of diet-induced inflammation has not been studied. Data from two studies, namely Diet and Inflammation and Selenium and Inflammation Studies (total n=98) were used to assess the associations among Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores derived from three-day dietary records, body mass index (BMI=weight[kg]/height[m]), inflammatory and hematological markers among young adults with normal-weight, overweight or obesity. Subjects' diets were also categorized as less inflammatory diets (LID) and inflammatory diets (ID) using cluster analysis. Independent t-test and regression analyses were used to assess associations in the data. Intakes of iron, proteins, fat, fiber, and calories were higher in the LID group compared to the ID group (p<0.05). Demographic characteristics and concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and iron status biomarkers did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). Higher DII score was associated with increasing CRP (β+SE=0.23+0.07, p=0.002) and lower TIBC (β+SE=-8.46+3.44, p=0.02), independent of BMI category. The LID diet was associated with higher TIBC (β+SE=29.87+10.75, p=0.007) compared to the ID diet. In conclusion, inflammatory diets may impair iron status by reducing the iron binding capacity of transferrin.
Green tea and green tea extract in oncological treatment: A systematic review.
Wiese F, Kutschan S, Doerfler J … +4 more , Mathies V, Buentzel J, Buentzel J, Huebner J
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Feb · PMID 33593083 · Publisher ↗
: Teas are an essential part of traditional phytotherapy. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the clinical evidence using green tea catechins in cancer care. : A systematic search was conducted searching five...
: Teas are an essential part of traditional phytotherapy. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the clinical evidence using green tea catechins in cancer care. : A systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases concerning the effectiveness and risks of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on cancer patients. : Seven studies with 371 patients were included. Patients were mainly suffering from breast and prostate cancer. Dosing ranged from 28 mg to 1600 mg EGCG, intervention time from 7 days to 6 months with different applications (topical 2 studies; oral 5 studies). The studies showed heterogeneous methodological quality and results leading not to conduct a meta-analysis. There was a small decrease in prostate-specific-antigen levels in one study (N=60; T0:(mean±SD) 9.6±5.2 ng/ml, T1: 8.4±4.3 ng/ml vs. T0: 9.9±8.5 ng/ml, T1: 10.0±9.0 ng/ml; p=0.04), whereas in a second study only a trend was seen. Topical green tea was as effective as metronidazole powder in reducing the odor of fungating malignant wounds (1 study; N=30) with a consequent increase in quality of life (QoL) (p<0.001), improvement of appetite (p<0.001), malodorous control (p<0.001), social activities (p<0.001). Radiotherapy-induced diarrhea was lower in the green tea intervention group compared to placebo (1 study; N=42; week 4+5: without diarrhea p=0.002). : The studies suggest that EGCG is as effective as a local antibiotic in malodorous control and improvement of QoL of fungating malignant wounds. Green tea could be a possible complementary method for treating acute radiation-induced diarrhea. Due to limitations, further studies with higher methodological quality and larger sample sizes are needed.
Obesity considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Dohet F, Loap S, Menzel A … +4 more , Iddir M, Dadoun F, Bohn T, Samouda H
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Jan · PMID 33499680 · Publisher ↗
The worldwide population is facing a double burden of epidemic, the COVID-19 and obesity. This is even more alarming as obesity increases the COVID-19 severity. However, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 seve...
The worldwide population is facing a double burden of epidemic, the COVID-19 and obesity. This is even more alarming as obesity increases the COVID-19 severity. However, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity is more complex than a simple association with BMI. In particular, obesity has been associated with low death rates in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a fatal comorbidity to COVID-19, possibly due to the obesity paradox. Also, visceral adiposity could be a major risk factor for COVID-19 severity, due to its immune activation component, release of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and involvement in the cytokine storm, hypercoagulability and embolism. A poor antioxidant nutritional status also weakens the immune system, increasing inflammation and infection risk. Moreover, the COVID-19 lockdown might impact lifestyle patterns, mental health and weight bias, worsening the obesity then COIVD-19 situation. On the other hand, health care expenses and productivity loss are expected to increase during the concomitant epidemics. The co-occurrence of obesity and COVID-19 is a major challenge at both public health and economic levels that should urgently be taken into consideration. The identification of COVID-19 weight related risk factors and the development of appropriate weight management programs are needed to tackle the concomitant epidemics.
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - A supportive approach with selected micronutrients.
Gröber U, Holick MF
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Jan · PMID 33487035 · Publisher ↗
Worldwide the pandemic of COVID-19 spreads rapidly and has had an enormous public health impact with substantial morbidity and mortality especially in high-risk groups, such as older people and patients with comorbiditie...
Worldwide the pandemic of COVID-19 spreads rapidly and has had an enormous public health impact with substantial morbidity and mortality especially in high-risk groups, such as older people and patients with comorbidities like diabetes, dementia or cancer. In the absence of a vaccine against COVID-19 there is an urgent need to find supportive therapies that can stabilize the immune system and can help to deal with the infection, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly. This is especially relevant for our geriatric institutions and nursing homes. A major potential contributing factor for elderly is due to their high incidence of malnutrition: up to 80% among the hospitalized elderly. Malnutrition results when adequate macronutrients and micronutrients are lacking in the diet. Often missing in public health discussions around preventing and treating COVID-19 patients are nutritional strategies to support optimal function of their immune system. This is surprising, given the importance that nutrients play a significant role for immune function. Several micronutrients, such as vitamin D, retinol, vitamin C, selenium and zinc are of special importance supporting both the adaptive and innate immune systems. As suboptimal status or deficiencies in these immune-relevant micronutrients impair immune function and reduces the resistance to infections, micronutrient deficiencies should therefore be corrected as soon as possible, especially in the elderly and other vulnerable groups. According to epidemiological, experimental and observational studies, some case reports and a few intervention studies the supplementation of vitamin D and/or zinc are promising. The multiple anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin D could explain its protective role against immune hyper reaction and cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized, placebo-controlled intervention study even shows that high dose vitamin D supplementation promotes viral clearance in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Besides, the data of a recent prospective study with COVID-19 patients reveal that a significant number of them were zinc deficient. The zinc deficient patients had more complications and the deficiency was associated with a prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. Thus, immune-relevant micronutrients may help to increase the physiological resilience against COVID-19.
The effect of gum consumption on blood pressure as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of controlled trials.
Shao B, Li H, Zhang P … +5 more , Teng X, Wang H, Verdi T, Bhat LT, Zhang F
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2023 Feb · PMID 33472439 · Publisher ↗
Guar gum has been used in the management of hypercholesterolemia, constipation, weight loss, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Our aim was to verify the hypothesis that Guar gum can be used as an alternative to...
Guar gum has been used in the management of hypercholesterolemia, constipation, weight loss, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Our aim was to verify the hypothesis that Guar gum can be used as an alternative to pharmacological agents in the treatment of mild hypertension. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of Guar gum in reducing blood pressure. We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for studies published in the English language up to June 2020 which evaluated the effects of gum consumption on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Nine randomized clinical trials with suitable comparison groups (placebo/control) reported SBP and DBP as outcome measures. These trials involved in total 640 participants. The overall results indicated that the consumption of gum resulted in a significant change in SBP (WMD: -1.190 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.011, -0.370) and DBP (WMD: -1.101 mmHg, 95% CI: -1.597, -0.605). Moreover, the greatest reduction in blood pressure was seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome who consumed Guar gum (WMD: -3.375 mmHg). In addition, there was a significant decrease in SBP if the gum dosage was > 15 g (WMD: -6.637 mmHg) and if the intervention duration was > 12 weeks (WMD: -1.668 mmHg). The results of the present dose-response meta-analysis support the employment of gum consumption in the reduction of SBP and DBP. Based on the sub-group analyses, we highlight that the greatest decrease in SBP was experienced if the gum dosage was > 15 g and when the intervention lasted > 12 weeks.
Dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals as potential interventions against viruses: Perspectives for COVID-19.
Islam MT, Quispe C, Martorell M … +5 more , Docea AO, Salehi B, Calina D, Reiner Ž, Sharifi-Rad J
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Jan · PMID 33435749 · Publisher ↗
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease pandemic has infected millions of people and caused more than thousands of deaths in many countries across the world. The number of infected cases is increasing...
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease pandemic has infected millions of people and caused more than thousands of deaths in many countries across the world. The number of infected cases is increasing day by day. Unfortunately, we do not have a vaccine and specific treatment for it. Along with the protective measures, respiratory and/or circulatory supports and some antiviral and retroviral drugs have been used against SARS-CoV-2, but there are no more extensive studies proving their efficacy. In this study, the latest publications in the field have been reviewed, focusing on the modulatory effects on the immunity of some natural antiviral dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals. Findings suggest that several dietary supplements, including black seeds, garlic, ginger, cranberry, orange, omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins (e.g., A, B vitamins, C, D, E), and minerals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, Zn) have anti-viral effects. Many of them act against various species of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses. Therefore, dietary supplements, including vitamins and minerals, probiotics as well as individual nutritional behaviour can be used as adjuvant therapy together with antiviral medicines in the management of COVID-19 disease.
An in vitro model for investigation of vitamin A effects on wound healing.
Neghab HK, Soheilifar MH, Djavid GE
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2021 Sep · PMID 33390034 · Publisher ↗
Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound he...
Wound healing consists of a series of highly orderly overlapping processes characterized by hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Prolongation or interruption in each phase can lead to delayed wound healing or a non-healing chronic wound. Vitamin A is a crucial nutrient that is most beneficial for the health of the skin. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of vitamin A on regeneration, angiogenesis, and inflammation characteristics in an in vitro model system during wound healing. For this purpose, mouse skin normal fibroblast (L929), human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), and monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RAW 264.7) were considered to evaluate proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses, respectively. Vitamin A (0.1-5 μM) increased cellular proliferation of L929 and HUVEC (p < 0.05). Similarly, it stimulated angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration up to approximately 4 fold and interestingly tube formation up to 8.5 fold (p < 0.01). Furthermore, vitamin A treatment was shown to decrease the level of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent effect (p < 0.05), exhibiting the anti-inflammatory property of vitamin A in accelerating wound healing. These results may reveal the therapeutic potential of vitamin A in diabetic wound healing by stimulating regeneration, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammation responses.
The role of vitamin D in metabolic and reproductive disturbances of polycystic ovary syndrome: A narrative mini-review.
Menichini D, Forte G, Orrù B … +3 more , Gullo G, Unfer V, Facchinetti F
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Mar · PMID 33284035 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertili...
Vitamin D is a secosteroid hormone that plays a pivotal role in several metabolic and reproductive pathways in humans. Increasing evidence supports the role of vitamin D deficiency in metabolic disturbances and infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Indeed, supplementation with vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on insulin resistance (IR) and endometrial receptivity. On the other hand, exceedingly high levels of vitamin D appear to play a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. In the current review, we summarize the available evidence about the topic, aiming to suggest the best supplementation strategy in women with PCOS or, more generally, in those with metabolic disturbances and infertility. Based on the retrieved data, vitamin D seems to have a beneficial role on IR, insulin sensitivity and endometrial receptivity, but high levels and incorrect timing of administration seem to have a detrimental role on oocytes development and embryo quality. Therefore, we encourage a low dose supplementation (400-800 IU/day) particularly in vitamin D deficient women that present metabolic disturbances like PCOS. As far as the reproductive health, we advise vitamin D supplementation in selected populations, only during specific moments of the ovarian cycle, to support the luteal phase. However, ambiguities about dosage and timing of the supplementation still emerge from the clinical studies published to date and further studies are required.
The interaction between dietary approaches to stop hypertension and MC4R gene variant in predicting cardiovascular risk factors.
Yarizadeh H, Bahiraee A, Asadi S … +4 more , Maddahi NS, Setayesh L, Casazza K, Mirzaei K
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 33284034 · Publisher ↗
: The genetic variants near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R), a key protein regulating energy balance and adiposity, have been related to obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. However, qualitative and quantitat...
: The genetic variants near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R), a key protein regulating energy balance and adiposity, have been related to obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. However, qualitative and quantitative aspects of diet may modulate the association of this polymorphism with obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions among MC4R rs17782313, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk factors for CVDs. : This cross-sectional study was conducted on 266 Iranian women categorized by body mass index (BMI) range of 25-40 kg/m as overweight or obese. CVD risk factors included waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin circulation and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Insulin and FBS were used to calculate homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) Body composition was assessed by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 770 scanner. : The findings of this study show that high adherence to the DASH diet in the CC groups were associated with decreased SBP and DBP compared to the TT group. In addition, a significant difference between women with high adherence to the DASH diet compared to low adherence was observed for body weight (p < 0.001), fat free mass (FFM) (p = 0.01) and BMI (p = 0.02). Women with the CC genotype had higher insulin (mg/dl) (mean and SD, for TT: 14.6 ± 4.6, TC: 17.3 ± 9.2, CC: 15.3 ± 4.8, p = 0.04) and HOMA-IR (mean for and SD, TT: 3.1 ± 1.07, TC: 3.9 ± 2.4, CC: 3.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.01) than TT group. Inclusion of potential confounding variables (age, physical activity, BMI and daily caloric intake) did not attenuate the difference. : Among overweight/obese Iranian women with the CC genotype, incorporating the DASH diet may serve as a dietary prescription to decrease CVD risk. A dietary intervention trial is warranted.
Do initially non-dehydrated patients with acute ischemic stroke need fluid supplement?
Lin LC, Tsai YY, Yang JT … +6 more , Chen YC, Wu YF, Huang YC, Tsai YH, Hsiao KY, Seak CJ
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2021 Jan · PMID 33196400 · Publisher ↗
: We previously found that dehydration is an independent predictor of early deterioration after acute ischemic stroke and rehydration helps to improve outcomes. There is limited evidence of how to treat patients who are...
: We previously found that dehydration is an independent predictor of early deterioration after acute ischemic stroke and rehydration helps to improve outcomes. There is limited evidence of how to treat patients who are initially non-dehydrated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rehydration therapy, based on the daily urine specific gravity, will improve the outcome of ischemic stroke patients who are initially non-dehydrated. : We conducted a single-arm prospective study of patients with acute ischemic stroke with historical controls. For the first 5 days of study group, a daily urine specific gravity of > 1.020 g/ml was taken as indication for rehydration and patients were advised to drink water via oral or tubal feeding with a dose of 5 ml/kg body weight right away and after dinner. Control group patients were rehydrated without reference to urine specific gravity. An increase in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of ≥ 4 within three days was defined as having stroke-in-evolution. Scores of ≤ 1 on the modified Rankin scale at 3 months were considered to indicate a favorable outcome. : A total of 125 patients were analyzed, 46 in the study group and 79 in the control group. The groups did not significantly differ in the stroke-in-evolution rate (4.3% vs. 8.2%, = 0.474). The rate of favorable outcome at 3 months was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (56.5% vs. 27.8%, = 0.001). : Urine specific gravity-based hydration might be a useful method to improve functional outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were non-dehydrated at admission.
Selected root plant supplementation reduces indices of exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Doma K, Devantier-Thomas B, Gahreman D … +1 more , Connor J
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 33196371 · Publisher ↗
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of selected root plants (curcumin, ginseng, ginger and garlic) on markers of muscle damage and muscular performance measures following muscle-damaging protoco...
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of selected root plants (curcumin, ginseng, ginger and garlic) on markers of muscle damage and muscular performance measures following muscle-damaging protocols. We included 25 studies (parallel and crossover design) with 353 participants and used the PEDro scale to appraise each study. Forest plots were generated to report on standardised mean differences (SMD) and p-values at 24 and 48 hours following the muscle-damaging protocols. The meta-analysis showed that the supplemental (SUPP) condition showed significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) and muscle soreness at 24 hours and 48 hours (p < 0.01) than the placebo (PLA) condition. The inflammatory markers were significantly lower for the SUPP condition than the PLA condition at 24 hours (p = 0.02), although no differences were identified at 48 hours (p = 0.40). There were no significant differences in muscular performance measures between the SUPP and PLA conditions at 24 hours and 48 hours (p > 0.05) post-exercise. According to our qualitative data, a number of studies reported a reduction in oxidative stress (e.g., malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase) with a concomitant upregulation of anti-oxidant status, although other studies showed no effects. Accordingly, selected root plants minimised the level of several biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation and muscle soreness during periods of exercise-induced muscle damage. However, the benefits of these supplements in ameliorating oxidative stress, increasing anti-oxidant status and accelerating recovery of muscular performance appears equivocal, warranting further research in these outcome measures.
Dietary inflammatory index significantly affects lipids profile among adults: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Vajdi M, Farhangi MA, Mahmoudi-Nezhad M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 33150836 · Publisher ↗
: The available data on the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and serum lipids are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between DII and serum l...
: The available data on the relationship between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and serum lipids are controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between DII and serum lipids, including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) in general populations. : PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to December 2019. Case-control, cohort or cross-sectional studies that evaluated the relationship between DII and serum lipids were included. The random-effects model was applied to evaluate the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). : In total, twenty-four cross-sectional and one case-control studies with a total sample size of 129,759 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the highest category of DII was associated with 5.16 mg/dl increase in TC (Pooled WMD: 5.16; 95% CI: 0.58-9.73, = 0.02) and 3.99 mg/dl increase in LDL-C (Pooled WMD: 3.99; 95% CI: 1.16-6.81, = 0.006). However, no significant association between DII scores, HDL-C and TG was found. In subgroup analysis, the geographical region, gender, and dietary assessment methods were potent sources of heterogeneity. : This study showed that a higher level of DII was associated with higher levels of TC and LDL-C in apparently healthy populations. Since the included studies had observational designs, therefore, no conclusion of causality was possible. More studies with interventional designs are required to elucidate the causality of the observed association between DII and the risk of abnormal lipid profile.
No significant effect of caffeine on five kilometer running performance after muscle damage.
Al-Nawaiseh AM, Pritchett RC, Pritchett KK … +7 more , Bataineh MF, Taifour AM, Bellar D, Schoeff MA, Fox B, Judge A, Judge LW
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 33143547 · Publisher ↗
Caffeine has documented hypoalgesic effects during exercise. However, there is a lack of research focusing on caffeine's potential analgesic effects to ameliorate delayed onset muscle soreness. A placebo controlled rando...
Caffeine has documented hypoalgesic effects during exercise. However, there is a lack of research focusing on caffeine's potential analgesic effects to ameliorate delayed onset muscle soreness. A placebo controlled randomized cross-over trial was carried out to determine if 5 mg/kg of body weight (mg/kgBW) of caffeine attenuates muscle pain and improves 5 k running performance following delayed onset muscle soreness. Prior to participating, eleven runners (9 male; 2 female; age, 24.5 ± 6.3 years; height, 173.6 ± 7.8 cm; body mass, 66.3 ± 7.5 kg; BMI, 23.18 kg/m ± 1.6; VO 61.0 ± 6.1 ml/kg/min), were asked to discontinue supplement use for 72 hours and abstain from caffeine consumption for 48 hours. Participants performed a 30-minute downhill run on a treadmill set at -10% grade at 70% VO to induce delayed onset of muscle soreness. Participants then returned 48 hours after to complete a 5 k time trial run where they consumed either 5 mg/kgBW of caffeine or a placebo. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were taken every two minutes during the trial. There was no detectable statistical difference between 5 k performance between caffeine (1074.9 ± 119.7 sec) or placebo (1053.8 ± 86.8 sec) ( = .41). Algometer readings were similar between both treatments for muscle soreness in the rectus femoris ( = .791) and the vastus medialis oblique ( = .371). Muscle soreness ratings were found to be greater in the caffeine condition compared to the placebo condition ( = .030). There was no effect of treatment on rating of perceived exertion between conditions ( = .574). The present study suggests that caffeine is not effective at reducing muscle soreness, rating of perceived exertion, or improving running performance in a time trial in the presence of muscle soreness.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged.
Shahinfar H, Djafari F, Babaei N … +6 more , Davarzani S, Ebaditabar M, Clark CCT, Djafarian K, Imani H, Shab-Bidar S
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 33143533 · Publisher ↗
: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. : We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. : Adults...
: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. : We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. : Adults (n = 276), aged 20-74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. : Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO (p = 0.13 After controlling for potential confounders, VO was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the "mixed" dietary pattern was inversely related to VO (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the "Western" dietary pattern was not associated with VO (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO was positively associated with the "Western" dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the "healthy" dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. : Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a "healthy" and "Western" dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.
No significant association between vitamin D and COVID-19: A retrospective study from a northern Italian hospital.
Ferrari D, Locatelli M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2021 Jun · PMID 33135597 · Publisher ↗
The world is currently overwhelmed by a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinically, COVID-19 shows a broad range of manifestations: from asymptomatic to severe and possibly lethal interstitial pneumonia. Several st...
The world is currently overwhelmed by a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinically, COVID-19 shows a broad range of manifestations: from asymptomatic to severe and possibly lethal interstitial pneumonia. Several studies suggested the involvement of Vitamin-D (VitD) in reducing the risk of COVID-19 infections/severity. However, most of them are based on circumstantial evidences, like the association between latitude-related sunlight exposure and mortality rate, while studies based on patients' VitD measurements are still scarce. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the VitD levels (measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin-D) from a cohort of 347 patients admitted to a northern Italian Hospital as suspected COVID-19s. Of them, 128 were positive (83 males, aged 62.7 ± 14.2 and 45 females, aged 69.3 ± 15.6) and 219 were negative (107 males, aged 62.8 ± 19.5 and 112 females, aged 54.3 ± 20.1). The averaged VitD levels were similar in the two groups: 21.8 ± 16.1 ng/mL and 22.8 ± 14.0 ng/mL for the COVID-19 positive and negative group respectively (-value: 0.39), as well as the percentage of individuals having VitD levels below 30 ng/mL: 78.9% and 73.5% for the COVID-19 positive and negative group respectively. Because a large portion of patients were below the suggested 30 ng/mL threshold, we can't exclude that VitD supplementation, restoring normal levels, might be beneficial in reducing the risk of infection.
Role of vitamin B12 in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A review.
Taleb R, Hafez B, El Kassir N … +2 more , El Achkar H, Mourad M
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 33103958 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin, plays a vital role in the formation of hematopoietic stem cells and has been associated with oral mucosal diseases, mainly recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The latter is a debili...
Vitamin B12, a water-soluble vitamin, plays a vital role in the formation of hematopoietic stem cells and has been associated with oral mucosal diseases, mainly recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The latter is a debilitating condition, and B12 was proposed as a potential treatment given its role in regenerating oral mucosal tissue. There is conflicting evidence that B12 deficiency causes RAS. Five of the seven randomized controlled trials reviewed used the inactive form of B12 (cyanocobalamin) as intervention, while the other two used the active form (methylcobalamin). Of the latter two, buccal discs (500 μg B12) showed significant improvement and reduced perceived pain in 77% of the subjects, and submucosal injections showed a significant difference in pain, starting from the second day. Moreover, three studies administered vitamin B12 sublingually with different dosages, which revealed that the higher dose (1000 μg) achieved a significant reduction in outbreaks, number, and duration of ulcers, especially after six months. Multivitamins showed no difference in new RAS episodes and duration. Injectable B12 was compared with the oral form, and nearly 50% of the injection group reported a desired response by the eighth week. An ointment form (500 μg) showed a significant reduction in pain levels after two days of treatment. Based on the available literature, we suggest that a daily dose of 1000 μg of vitamin B12 sublingually for six months can be used to treat RAS. Nevertheless, this conclusion should be considered tentative due to the lack of high quality, large scale studies.
Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats.
Sahin Z, Ozkurkculer A, Kalkan OF … +6 more , Ozkaya A, Koc A, Koca RO, Solak H, Gormus ZIS, Kutlu S
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 32954971 · Publisher ↗
Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed t...
Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.
Television food advertisements and childhood obesity: A systematic review.
Pourmoradian S, Ostadrahimi A, Bonab AM … +3 more , Roudsari AH, Jabbari M, Irandoost P
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2021 Jan · PMID 32936062 · Publisher ↗
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide and various environmental factors have accelerated this trend. Several reports have suggested that food advertising causes childhood obesity. We proposed a revi...
The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide and various environmental factors have accelerated this trend. Several reports have suggested that food advertising causes childhood obesity. We proposed a review study to evaluate the relationship between TV food advertisements and obesity in children. By searching over electronic databases (including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar), the reference lists of original studies, and reviews using key search terms, 1181 articles were identified. Out of these, only 9 articles met the inclusion and quality criteria. Most of the longitudinal study carried out at the national level have reported a significant association between commercial viewing and BMI in children. The duration of these studies varied between 7 months and 5 years. The children's TV viewing time was between 1.5 and 3.5 hours per day. Results of the reviewed studies have revealed a controversial attitude about the influence of TV food advertisements on obesity. However, three of four modeling studies indicated an increment in the prevalence of overweight and obesity following exposure to food advertisements. Further interventional and longitude studies are needed to achieve more precise results.
Liposomes as carriers of resveratrol and vitamin E: Evaluating ameliorative antioxidant effect using chemical and cellular test systems.
Kenchappa V, Wahl M, Heinle H
Int J Vitam Nutr Res · 2022 Oct · PMID 32885741 · Publisher ↗
Resveratrol (RES) in combination with antioxidant vitamins is reported to be more effective in protecting the cells from oxidative stress rather than any of these antioxidants alone. In continuation to our previous work...
Resveratrol (RES) in combination with antioxidant vitamins is reported to be more effective in protecting the cells from oxidative stress rather than any of these antioxidants alone. In continuation to our previous work using resveratrol and vitamin C, our main aim was to evaluate the antioxidant restorative effect using chemical and cellular test systems on resveratrol co-encapsulated vitamin E (VE) within liposomes. Z-average size was less than 135 nm, polydispersity index < 0.3; zeta potential > than ± 30 mV and encapsulation efficiency of RES and VE > 90% and 79% respectively. Chemiluminescence measurement indicated that the antioxidative activity of RES could be increased when VE was additionally loaded into liposomes. Inhibition of AAPH induced luminol enhanced chemiluminescence displayed 90% improvement (P < 0.001) in comparison to control; on the other hand 70% luminescence inhibition of ROS production in isolated blood leukocytes (P < 0.001) was observed. Intracellular oxygen-derived radicals measured by flow cytometry using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate demonstrated about 1.7 fold (P < 0.05) and 1.5 fold (P < 0.001) enhancement of radical scavenging activity in buffy coats under basal conditions and human umbilical vein endothelial cells after stimulation by HO respectively. The cellular systems evidenced the ability of liposome loaded antioxidants to scavenge ROS in the extra and intracellular space, confirming enhanced antioxidative effectivity of RES in the presence of VE, which did not occur in combination with vitamin C. Hence it might be possible to improve the antioxidative effectivity of RES by other/additional antioxidants.
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