Revista Cubana De Medicina Tropical[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Pneumocystis jirovecii: one hundred years of history].
Calderón Sandubete E, de Armas Rodríguez Y, Capó de Paz V
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437517
INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens affecting AIDS individuals and immunodepressive patients. In spite of the fact that it was observed one hundred years ago for the...
INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis jirovecii is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens affecting AIDS individuals and immunodepressive patients. In spite of the fact that it was observed one hundred years ago for the first time, many fundamental aspects of its biology and the morbidity it causes are still unknown. OBJECTIVE: this paper was aimed at presenting updating on the main aspects of the history, the epidemiology and the biology of P. jirovecii and the disease it causes. CONCLUSIONS: a number of review articles have been published since the discovery, all of which provide details and novel elements of the microorganism. However, few original papers dealing with this problem have been found in the Spanish literature.
[Alteration in superficial anionic charge of erythrocytes and desialated erythrocytes caused by Ascaris lumbricoides].
Ponce de León P, Juárez Matamoros K, Biondi C … +1 more , Valverde J
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437543
INTRODUCTION: Sialic acid of the erythrocytes has hemorreologic and hemodynamic importance, so its reduction causes erythrocyte aggregation and low blood flow. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of A. lumbricoides on the ani...
INTRODUCTION: Sialic acid of the erythrocytes has hemorreologic and hemodynamic importance, so its reduction causes erythrocyte aggregation and low blood flow. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of A. lumbricoides on the anionic charge of erythrocytes and of desialated erythrocytes, taking the time of contact of the erythrocytes with parasite extracts into account. METHODS: Twenty parasite extracts and Group O erythrocyte suspensions in saline medium (GR) and in bromelin enzymatic medium (GR(b)) were used. The erythrocytes were treated by incubating the globular sediment with the same volume of parasite extracts, at 37 degrees C for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. There was a control for each treatment interval (erythrocytes without contact with parasite extracts). The polybrene's method was simultaneously applied to the controls, the GR ad the GR(b). Each obtained aggregation was given a scoring. C(exp)CAS[EA) was calculated as the quotient between the treated erythrocytes scoring and the control. RESULTS: the statistical analysis allowed arriving to the conclusion that the time of GR and GR(B) treatment had a highly significant effect on the value of C(exp) CAS[EA]; the median of C(exp) CAS[EA]; was significantly higher for GR than for GR(B); the sialic acid uptake in GR was higher from 90 minutes on, whereas this parameter was lower in G(B) at 15 min; no significant differences were observed for the rest of the treatment times. The results showed that the sialic acid uptake by the parasite depended on the time of treatment and that the parasite extract caused more alteration in the superficial charge of GR(B). CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of sialic acid could be related to thrombosis and anemia in ascariosis. The experience gained allows us to consider that the effect of the parasite may be more significant in diabetic and hypertensive individuals.
[Operational impact of the use of insecticidal products on Aedes aegypti larvae in Havana province].
Rodríguez Coto MM, Bisset Lazcano JA, Moya Hernández M … +4 more , Ricardo Leyva Y, Pérez Insueta O, Fuentes López I, Caceres Carrera L
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437542
INTRODUCTION: In spite of the huge efforts of the Aedes aegypti eradication program in Cuba, there are still certain infestation indexes favoring the development of outbreaks or epidemics in some regions of the country....
INTRODUCTION: In spite of the huge efforts of the Aedes aegypti eradication program in Cuba, there are still certain infestation indexes favoring the development of outbreaks or epidemics in some regions of the country. Havana province holds a leading position in this negative indicator, in which the use of insecticides plays an important role. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of the use of insecticides in the development of drug resistance by this species in Havana. METHODS: Fifteen Ae. aegypti strains from the fifteen municipalities of the province were used. They were all collected in 2008. The level of susceptibility to insecticides was measured by means of the WHO-recommended bioassays. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the strains were susceptible to chlorpirifos; more resistance to pyrethroid cypermethrin was observed followed by lambdacyalothrin and cifluthrin. CONCLUSIONS: The insecticide Chlorpirifos is a good candidate to be used with pyrethroids, on a rotational scheme, to delay the development of resistance to pyrethroids in Ae. aegypti vectors in Havana province.
[Phenotypic characterization of Aeromonas isolated from patients with acute diarrheal diseases].
Bravo Fariñas L, Fernández Abreu A, González Leiva D … +7 more , Ramírez Alvarez M, Aguila Sánchez A, Cabrera Cantelar N, Martínez Mota I, Fernández Andreu C, Sánchez Valdéz L, Cruz Infante Y
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437541
INTRODUCTION: The acute diarrheal diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged under 5 years and in the general population; this demands a great deal of care in the healthcare services....
INTRODUCTION: The acute diarrheal diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged under 5 years and in the general population; this demands a great deal of care in the healthcare services. The situation worsens due to the overuse of antimicrobials and the development of bacterial resistance, being the latter an emerging health problem in different areas of the world. Among the causative microorganisms of acute diarrheal diseases are those of Aeromonas genus, recognized as second risk emerging pathogens. OBJECTIVES: To determine the most frequently isolated Aeromonas species in fecal samples from acute diarrheal patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: The Bauer-Kirby's method allowed identifying the susceptibility to several antimicrobials of 100 isolated samples coming from the provincial hygiene and epidemiology centers during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Identification of the species was accomplished in 67% of isolates, being A. caviae (33%) y A. hydrophila (29%) the predominant species. It was demonstrated that 100% of isolates got resistant to at least one of the studied antimicrobials. Drug resistance to cefalotine, sulfonamides and nalidixic acid showed the highest percentages. CONCLUSIONS: Tetracycline and chloramphenicol are recommended as the drugs of choice for treating intestinal infections caused by these microorganisms in Cuba.
[High performance liquid chromatography-validated analytical method for 1% permethrin quantification].
Tarinas Reyes A, Tápanes Peraza RD, Fernández Rangel D … +1 more , Contreras Hernánde N
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437540
INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, as well as in other countries, Pediculus capitis infestation has increased since the 70's; this is the reason why a program aimed at controlling and preventing this infestation was designed. This p...
INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, as well as in other countries, Pediculus capitis infestation has increased since the 70's; this is the reason why a program aimed at controlling and preventing this infestation was designed. This program includes quality control studies of the active synthetic pyrethroid Permethrin and its activity at 1% on lice and 5% on scabies. Due to its low toxicity and positive risk/benefit ratio, Permethrin is a pediculicide of choice to decrease Pediculus capitis infestation. OBJECTIVE: To validate an analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography and its application in the quantification of 12 samples from 2 batches of Cuban-made 1% permethrin pediculicidal preparation. METHODS: Linearity, precision and accuracy parameters were determined. Seven calibration standards and working solutions with concentrations ranging from 100 to 15000 microg/mL were prepared. These validation parameters were verified through the correlation coefficient, the variation coefficient and the percentage relative error. RESULTS: The specificity of this method was proved in the chromatograms that showed retention times of 8,8 to 9,2 min for the isomer trans and 10,7 to 11,2 min for the isomer cis. The correlation coefficient for both isomers was higher than 0,99; the variation coefficient was under 3% and the percentage relative error was--3 and 1% for the inter-day and intraday studies, respectively. The mean permethrin concentration in 1% solution batches was estimated at 6 780,14 microg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: The validated method was linear, precise and exact within the range of the studied concentrations. The estimated concentration of permethrin was below the expected rate according to the composition of 1% permethrin solution (9 100-10 900 microg/mL). This method may be useful for the quantification of 1% permethrin solutions in the quality studies of the product sold to the population.
[Bioecological studies of Aedes (St) aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in Camagüey province].
Diéguez Fernández L, Cabrera Fernández SM, Prada Noy Y … +2 more , González Larrinaga E, Rodríguez de la Vega R
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437539
INTRODUCTION: The control of the breeding sites of mosquitoes of medical importance is essential for the anti-vector fighting programs; however, the efforts made so far have not great enough since the confirmed dengue fe...
INTRODUCTION: The control of the breeding sites of mosquitoes of medical importance is essential for the anti-vector fighting programs; however, the efforts made so far have not great enough since the confirmed dengue fever cases gradually increase. OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the main breeding sites of Aedes aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in Camagüey province. METHODS: The urban universe was fully surveyed from January to December 2007. The collection procedure in the positive containers followed the National Vector Control program methodology. The characteristics of each container were written in a customized study form of positive blocks. The representative percentage of each positive container, as well as the proportion of larvae per container were determined. RESULTS: Aedes aegypti formed colonies in 44 different containers, being the artificial reservoirs the predominant ones (97.73%). The majority were permanent, useful and unchangeable. Following the population's criteria, the combination of permanent plus useful is valid in 17 types of containers accounting for 38.36% and contributing 180 positive containers for 81.08% of the total number. The tanks placed on the ground reached 36.03% positivity. CONCLUSIONS: The high number of mosquito-positive tanks demands greater individual responsibility in improving domestic sanitation and thus, the increase of awareness in order to achieve more active community involvement in this regard. The latter together with the strengthening of transectoriality will allow having an impact on the elimination and final disposal of all the useless materials that may serve as possible breeding sites of mosquitoes.
[Distribution and ecological characteristics of freshwater snails of medical importance in Santiago de Cuba province].
Vázquez Perera AA, González Coello C, Sánchez Noda J … +1 more , Alba Menéndez A
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437538
INTRODUCTION: The ability of freshwater snails to serve as intermediary host of parasites responsible for some tropical diseases is well known. OBJECTIVE: A malacological study was carried out in the Santiago de Cuba pro...
INTRODUCTION: The ability of freshwater snails to serve as intermediary host of parasites responsible for some tropical diseases is well known. OBJECTIVE: A malacological study was carried out in the Santiago de Cuba province in order to determine the distribution of freshwater snails of medical importance and their relation with the main ecosystems. METHOD: Nineteen sites were sampled in the province and the abundance of each of the species was compared to the type of habitat by means of the correspondence analysis. Each site was referred from the geographical viewpoint to determine the distribution patterns. RESULTS: A total amount of 12 freshwater snail species was found and the most abundant were Tarebia granifera, Physa acuta and Pyrgophorus parvulus. Rivers are the main types of ecosystems associated to these species followed by springs and ditches. Fossaria cubensis showed high density in flooded grounds whereas Biomphalaria pallida was the only planorbid species that could coexist with thiarid species. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the species found in this province, the likelihood of possible outbreaks of fasciolosis as well as the introduction of schistosomiasis is considered as high.
[Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from six plant species used in Cuban traditional medicine].
Valdés AF, Mendiola Martínez J, Acuña Rodríguez D … +3 more , Caballero Lorenzo Y, Scull Lizama R, Gutiérrez Gaitén Y
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437537
INTRODUCTION: Malaria is the most important parasitic disease for global health. Lack of the structural diversity in current antimalarials demands the urgent search for new therapeutic alternatives. The plants have shown...
INTRODUCTION: Malaria is the most important parasitic disease for global health. Lack of the structural diversity in current antimalarials demands the urgent search for new therapeutic alternatives. The plants have shown their potential to provide effective antimalarials, therefore, a large sample of Cuban medicinal plants is being studied. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate antimalarial activity of extracts from six plant species and to determine their selectivity by meassuring cytotoxicity against human cells. METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extracts from Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. and Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. were prepared. Their activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and human fibroblasts MRC-5. The mean inhibitory concentration, the mean cytotoxic concentration and the selectivity index were estimated. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the most active extract was made. RESULTS: H. cre-pitans extract was the only one that showed good antiplasmodial activity (mean inhibitory concentration of 5,7 microg/mL) with excellent selectivity (selectivity index of 18,8). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins. CONCLUSIONS: One extract with potent antimalarial activity in vitro was obtained. This result is an incentive to continue studying this vegetal preparation.
[Clinical and pathological correlation in fatal dengue cases found in Maracaibo, Venezuela].
Arismendi-Morillo G, Mauriello-Rivas C, Maldonado-Reverol M … +4 more , Fernández-Abreu M, Larreal M, Torres-Nava VG, Romero-Amaro Z
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437536
INTRODUCTION: Given the importance of dengue in America, it is indispensable to know the cause of death of the infected people and to evaluate the few necropsy studies available. OBJECTIVE: To describe and to analyze the...
INTRODUCTION: Given the importance of dengue in America, it is indispensable to know the cause of death of the infected people and to evaluate the few necropsy studies available. OBJECTIVE: To describe and to analyze the relevant clinical and pathological findings in fatal dengue cases of dengue in a Venezuelan endemic area. METHODS: Eight fatal cases, according to clinical and epidemiological dengue criteria and/or confirmed by complete serological tests were studied after complete clinical necropsy. The tissues were processed by standard histopathological techniques. RESULTS: All these cases showed severe lung disease (diffuse alveolar damage, non cardiogenic pulmonary edema, thromboembolism, bronchopneumonia, pneumonitis, intralveolar hemorrhage). Six presented with pleural or abdominal effusion. Focal hepatic necrosis was found in two cases. The cause of death was related to respiratory failure in six (6) cases secondary to lung disease; two with hypovolemic shock, and one developed liver failure. CONCLUSION: the studied dengue cases showed fatal severe pulmonary compromise leading to death, unlike those reported in other studies of autopsies in The Americas. They also developed multiple organ failure, which in most cases led to death not directly associated to hypovolemic shock. These findings in autopsies will allow designing therapeutic strategies to avoid mortality.
[Reactogenicity associated to the intradermally administered inactivated poliovirus vaccine with a needle-free injector].
Tejeda Fuentes A, de Armas López J, Silva Sosa M … +5 more , Alemañy Bueno N, Carmenate García A, García González G, Díaz González M, Resik Aguirre S
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437535
INTRODUCTION: As the goal of poliomyelitis eradication is about to be accomplished, the need for an affordable and appropriate inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for use in developing countries has become a target for...
INTRODUCTION: As the goal of poliomyelitis eradication is about to be accomplished, the need for an affordable and appropriate inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for use in developing countries has become a target for WHO. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reactogenicity of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine. METHOD: An experimental-type multicenter study was conducted, as part of a Phase I-II controlled clinical randomized and blinded assay, in 471 healthy infants of both sexes born in July and August 2006 in Camagüey province. The parents of the children who met the inclusion criteria gave their consent in writing. The children received three doses of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after birth. This vaccine came form the Institute of Sera in Denmark and had been approved for use in this assay by the Cuban regularoty authorities, Low 0.1 mL inactivated poliovirus vaccine dose was intradermally administered to the study group A in the anterolateral side of the left thigh using the needle-free injector called Biojector 2000. The usual 0.5 mL dose was intramuscularly administered on the same site using a pre-filled syringe. The adverse events were observed during the first hour, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the immunization, as well as 7 and 30 days afterwards. The pediatrician in charge of the health area evaluated the reactogenicity at first and then the family physician was in charge of observing the adverse events in the remaining period. RESULTS: The 79.6% of children in group A and 75% in group B completed the research protocol. Mild local adverse reactions prevailed, mainly induration, pain and redness at the injection site. CONCLUSION: the Clinical trial proved the safety of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine for intramuscular administration, and also showed the safety of the intradermal route of administration and of the needle-free injector.
[Severe acute respiratory infection in Cuban patients during the influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in Cuba, 2009].
Savón Valdés CE, Acosta Herrera B, Piñón Ramos A … +10 more , Valdés Ramírez O, Oropesa Fernández SI, González Muñoz G, Arencibia García A, Quilarte García E, González Baez G, Hernández Espinosa B, Goyenechea Hernández A, Llop Hernández A, Guzmán Tirado MG
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437534
INTRODUCTION: On April 2009, the Mexican health authorities reported increased hospitalization indexes caused by pneumonia with high mortality rates to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). The National Epidemiolo...
INTRODUCTION: On April 2009, the Mexican health authorities reported increased hospitalization indexes caused by pneumonia with high mortality rates to the Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO). The National Epidemiological Surveillance System of Mexico noticed that this increase mainly occurred in the 20-40 year old population. A new type of swine influenza A (H1N1) virus was identified by laboratory studies as the etiological agent of the first pandemic of the 21st century. On April 26 2009, the National Anti-pandemic Plan was activated by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health, and on May 7th, the lab-confirmed index case appeared. An integrated surveillance system with laboratory confirmation was set up. OBJECTIVES: To detect pandemic influenza virus during the pandemic wave. METHODS: The epidemiological weeks 37 to 41 witnessed a rise of the number of sick people seen by the medical services. In this period, the samples taken from patients clinically diagnosed with severe acute respiratory infection were selected for this analysis; they were divided into three groups, that is, 370 children and adults in critical condition, 55 pregnant women in severe condition and 30 fatal cases. The diagnosis of the pandemic virus was performed by Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Test (PCR). Other respiratory viruses were tested by conventional PCR. RESULTS: The pandemic influenza virus was detected in 65 children and adults, 20 pregnant women and 9 fatal cases. The seasonal influenza A (H3N2) virus was identified in 81 cases of severe acute respiratory infection covering all age groups, 10 pregnant women and 5 deceased on the basis of real time polymerase chain reaction test. Other respiratory viruses were also monitored by the end-point polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive analysis of these results contributes to the national and regional surveillance of respiratory viruses for the improvement of the prevention and control programs of the acute respiratory infections.
[Cuban strategy for the molecular characterization of the pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1)].
Piñón Ramos A, Acosta Herrera B, Valdés Ramírez O … +11 more , Arencibia García A, Savón Valdés CE, González Muñoz G, Oropesa Fernández SI, Quilarte García E, González Baez G, Hernández Espinosa B, Goyenechea Hernández A, Guzmán Tirado MG, Llop Hernández A, Kourí Cardellá V
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437533
INTRODUCTION: In April 2009, there was identified a variant of the A/H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin, and shortly after the first pandemic in XXI century was declared. OBJECTIVES: To establish a nucleotide sequencin...
INTRODUCTION: In April 2009, there was identified a variant of the A/H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin, and shortly after the first pandemic in XXI century was declared. OBJECTIVES: To establish a nucleotide sequencing strategy for the differential diagnosis of the seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses, and to obtain as much molecular information as possible about hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes in patients with influenza-like illnesses, in those with severe respiratory infection and in patients who died. METHODS: Three sequencing strategies were designed and implemented, which also offered important information about the new virus in Cuba. RESULTS: The third strategy provided the most comprehensive results such as differential diagnosis, the surveillance of the D222G/E mutation in hemagglutinin and Tamiflu-resistant H275Y viral variants. In spite of the fact that the mentioned mutations were not detected, their presence in the Cuban population can not be ignored since these strategies were not designed for this end. It is imperative to design a study to fulfill this objective. CONCLUSIONS: The sequencing strategies in our algorithm allowed the differential diagnosis of the seasonal and the pandemic viruses, and their molecular characterization.
[Design and implementation of a molecular method for influenza A virus (H1N1) in Cuba].
Valdés Ramírez O, Piñón Ramos A, Acosta Herrera B … +8 more , Savón Valdés C, González Muñoz G, Arencibia García A, Guilarte García E, González Báez G, Oropeza Fernández S, Hernández Espinosa B, Goyenechea Hernández A
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437532
INTRODUCTION: From March through April of 2009, Mexico notified outbreaks of respiratory illness, due to a new influenza virus of swine origin, which spread over rapidly via human-to-human transmission. The molecular met...
INTRODUCTION: From March through April of 2009, Mexico notified outbreaks of respiratory illness, due to a new influenza virus of swine origin, which spread over rapidly via human-to-human transmission. The molecular methods currently in use were not suitable because the genome composition based on gene segments of swine, avian and human origin was quite different from the influenza A virus (H1N1) circulating at that time. OBJECTIVE: Based on the published sequences, a set of specific primers for the HA gene was designed to evaluate a new RT-PCR assay. METHODS: The RT-PCR assay processed 3 197 clinical samples from suspected cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection. RESULTS: The novel optimized method obtained a 262 pb segment, without unspecific reactions. The new method proved to be useful in the diagnosis and subtyping of pandemic HINI influenza virus. The amplified product was verified by nucleotide sequencing, thus confirming the virus. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of this new assay for the laboratory surveillance of influenza virus strengthens the diagnostic capacity of the National Reference Laboratory.
[Contribution of the National Influenza Laboratory to confront the 2009 pandemic influenza in Cuba].
Acosta Herrera B, Piñón Ramos A, Valdés Ramírez O … +14 more , Savón Valdés C, Guzmán Tirado MG, Llop Hernández A, Arencibia García A, Guilarte García E, González Muñoz G, González Báez G, Oropesa Fernández S, Hernández Espinosa B, Goyenechea Hernández A, Kourí Cardellá V, Morier Díaz L, Llanes Cordero MJ, Herrada Rodríguez N
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437531
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections are considered the most important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. These infections became more significant when associated to epidemics and pandemic events c...
INTRODUCTION: Acute respiratory infections are considered the most important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. These infections became more significant when associated to epidemics and pandemic events caused by influenza virus. The need for global surveillance of influenza viruses was recognized as early as 1947 and led to the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN). The Cuban National Influenza Centre (NIC) belongs to this network since 1975. On April 2009, the recognition of a new influenza A (H1N1) of swine origin circulating in humans was identified as the causative agent of the first pandemic in the 21st century declared by the WHO. OBJECTIVE: to carry out surveillance of the new pandemic virus nationwide. METHODS: The Cuban National Influenza Center developed a diagnostic diagram to confirm infection with the pandemic virus in suspected cases. Different PCR assays for typing and subtyping of influenza A virus were used. RESULTS: From April to December 2009, 6 900 clinical respiratory samples were processed by using this diagram, 980 cases were confirmed and notified to the national health authorities and to the Pan American Health Organization. Human rhinoviruses were other important etiologic agents of the frequently detected acute respiratory infections. CONCLUSION: With the national strategy for surveillance at lab, it was possible to effectively monitor the circulation of the influenza viruses and of other respiratory viruses in our country and to alert the national health authorities, with a view to facing up to the pandemic influenza (2009).
[Development, current trend, and challenges of epidemiology in Cuba].
Más Bermejo P
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2011 · PMID 23437530
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[Cyptococcus gattii isolated from a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) in the National Zoo of Cuba].
Polo Leal JL, Fernández Andreu CM, Martínez Machín G … +2 more , Illnait Zaragozi MT, Perurena Lancha MR
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437558
INTRODUCTION: Cryptoccosis--systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus species--has considerably raised its incidence in the last years, mainly associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. It has also been de...
INTRODUCTION: Cryptoccosis--systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus species--has considerably raised its incidence in the last years, mainly associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. It has also been described in animals, but rare cases. METHODS: a case of a female cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) kept in the Nacional Zoo of Havana was presented. The animal came from South Africa. She began losing weight, and suffering asthenia, anorexia and breathing problems with abundant nasal secretion. RESULTS: mycological testing of these secretions disclosed the presence of serotype B Cryptococcus gattii. Because of the origin and captive condition of the animal, it was believed that the infection had been latent for 16 months at least. CONCLUSIONS: up to the present, in Cuba, all clinical Cryptococcus isolates were C. neoformans var. grubii, so it is considered that the infection was caught in the country of origin of the female cheetah. This is the first C. gattii isolate in Cuba from an animal coming from South Africa where this fungus is endemic.
Chromoblastomycosis in Santa Catarina state, Brazil.
de Bona E, Canton LM, Meneghello Fuentefria A
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437557
A case of chromoblastomycosis caused by Cladophialophora carrionii is reported. The diabetic and hypertensive patient presented serpiginous and verrucous lesions, with centrifugal evolution. The patient, with a history o...
A case of chromoblastomycosis caused by Cladophialophora carrionii is reported. The diabetic and hypertensive patient presented serpiginous and verrucous lesions, with centrifugal evolution. The patient, with a history of disease for 59 years, had not been diagnosed or treated before. Dematiaceous septate hyphal and elliptical conidia were seen on microscopic observations. The isolated fungus was identified on the basis of micro-macromorphologic characteristics.
[Community-based survey on knowledge and perceptions about dengue and preventive practice in Lisa municipality, City of Havana province].
Castro Peraza M, Gálvez Miranda C, Sanchez Váldes L … +5 more , Pérez Chacón D, Polo Díaz V, Concepción Díaz D, Sebrango Rodríguez C, Van der Stuyft P
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437556
INTRODUCTION: the population's knowledge is important to develop participatory processes that support the reduction of Aedes aegypti. OBJECTIVES: to identify sociodemographic factors, knowledge, perceptions and practice...
INTRODUCTION: the population's knowledge is important to develop participatory processes that support the reduction of Aedes aegypti. OBJECTIVES: to identify sociodemographic factors, knowledge, perceptions and practice in the population of three people's councils in Lisa municipality about Aedes aegypti control and dengue prevention; to determine the association of these sociodemographic factors with the adequate level of knowledge about dengue, and relate the implementation of suitable practice to risk knowledge and perceptions. METHODS: cross-sectional study was conducted in which surveys and an observational guide were applied to a randomized sample of individuals living in the selected areas. Percentages from the people's councils were compared whereas two logistic regression models to set relations among the studied variables were adjusted for. RESULTS: the most cited breeding site for Aedes aegypti was garbage (67.3%), the most referred preventive measure was container covering (90.2%); perception of risk of getting sick was low or non-existent (55%); regarding the visited houses, the most used practices were cleaning of backyards and water tank protection. In the multi-variate analysis, the young people showed better knowledge than people aged over 59 years whereas those people having better knowledge of breeding sites and preventive measures were the ones who followed adequate practice. CONCLUSIONS: it was demonstrated that adequate knowledge on dengue and its vector are related to better implementation of suitable preventive measures in the house; however, specific aspects on breeding sites should be taken into consideration within the educational programs carried out in each locality.
[Susceptibility to nystatin of oral Candida isolates and its correlation with the response to treatment].
Santa Anna LM, Díaz Suárez LA, Illnait Zaragozí MT … +4 more , Perurena Lancha MR, Cantelar de Francisco N, Fernández Andreu CM, Martínez Machín G
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437555
INTRODUCTION: oropharyngeal candidiasis is an early marker of progression to AIDS in H1V-positive patients and an indicator of non-adherence of treatment or possible failure in patients undergoing anti-retroviral therapy...
INTRODUCTION: oropharyngeal candidiasis is an early marker of progression to AIDS in H1V-positive patients and an indicator of non-adherence of treatment or possible failure in patients undergoing anti-retroviral therapy. OBJECTIVE: to determine the in vitro susceptibility to nystatin in Candida strains isolated from the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients, and to correlate the results with the response to treatment. METHODS: a study of in vitro susceptibility to nystatin was conducted in 104 oral isolates from 97 HIV/AIDS patients, who participated as volunteers in a clinical trial to evaluate the response to four antifungal drugs. Fifty-eight of the 104 isolates were obtained before starting treatment and the remaining 46 at the end of therapy. Broth microdilution method was performed according to the document M27-A3 of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTS: one hundred percent of the strains were susceptible to nystatin, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of <16 microg/mL, regardless of the time of isolation and of the drug administered to patients. In the group of patients treated with nystatin, the MIC80 ranges (1-2 microg/mL), geometric mean and cumulative values of the drug against Candida albicans isolates before starting treatment were similar to those obtained against strains recovered at the end. Among the identified species, C. lusitaniae reached the highest absolute MIC value (4 microg/mL). CONCLUSIONS: the correlation between the clinical evolution and the results of in vitro susceptibility tests was good in patients with a favorable outcome; however, it did not allow predicting possible treatment failure.
[Efficacy of indoor treatment with cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos for the regulation of Aedes aegypti in the City of Havana].
Montada Dorta D, Leyva Silva M, Castex Rodriguez M … +1 more , Silva Leyva Y
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437554
INTRODUCTION: in dengue outbreaks or epidemics, the chemical pesticides play a fundamental role to control disease-borne adult mosquitoes and to support the Vector Control program in Cuba. OBJECTIVES: to find out the eff...
INTRODUCTION: in dengue outbreaks or epidemics, the chemical pesticides play a fundamental role to control disease-borne adult mosquitoes and to support the Vector Control program in Cuba. OBJECTIVES: to find out the effectiveness and the efficiency of insecticidal formulations in use for the control of Aedes aegypti mosquito in three strains from the City of Havana. METHODS: bioassays followed the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization. Efficacy and efficiency were compared in the studied insecticides between the cold spraying and the thermal spraying. A standardization test was applied to verify the nature of each variable; one three-factor ANOVA to see any differences among the mortality means and the Kruskal-Wallis test to find out difference among the mortality values for each type of treatment with respect to the preparation of one liter of mixture (efficiency), for a significance level of p < 0,05. RESULTS: when comparing the mortality figures reached with both types of treatment, it was evinced that there was a highly significant difference between them, the most favourable results corresponded to thermal spraying, which proved the efficacy of this treatment and its efficiency (effectiveness/cost). CONCLUSIONS: there exists a highly significant difference between the formulations, which favors Galgothrin 25 EC.
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