Revista Cubana De Medicina Tropical[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
[Effect of pyriproxyfen for the Aedes (S) aegypti control (Diptera: Culicidae) in strains with various degrees of temephos resistance].
Ricardo Leyva Y, Rodríguez Coto MM, Bisset Lazcano JA … +2 more , Pérez Insueta O, Sánchez Valdés L
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437553
INTRODUCTION: the continuous use of the organophosphate temephos for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) has prompted the emergence of resistance to this product in several countries. Pyriproxyfen is an analogue o...
INTRODUCTION: the continuous use of the organophosphate temephos for Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) has prompted the emergence of resistance to this product in several countries. Pyriproxyfen is an analogue of the juvenile hormone recommended by the World Health Organization as one of the alternative regulators of the dengue vector in drinking waters. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the efficacy of pyriproxyfen in those strains with various degrees of temephos resistance, in order to be used as a possible regulator of Ae. aegypti. METHODS: for this study, two reference Ae. aegypti strains were used, one susceptible and the other resistant to temephos, and three field strains collected in Boyeros, Cotorro and 10 de Octubre municipalities, all of them from the City of Havana province, Cuba. For the temephos and pyriproxyfen evaluation, the WHO recommended bioassays were used. RESULTS: at high concentrations, pyriproxyfen showed larvicidal properties. At 0,01 and 1 ppb concentrations, inhibition of emergence due to increase of pupal mortality and to lesser extent in adults in the process of breaking the pupal exubia was demonstrated. This growth regulator was effective at the same doses in all the strains, regardless of the degree of temephos resistance, being IE50 values within the range for Aedes genus. CONCLUSIONS: according to the results, the effectiveness of pyriproxyfen was not affected by the degree of temephos resistance in the studied strains, and this is a useful tool in the Ae. aegypti control.
[Resistance to organophosphorus insecticides found in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Santiago de Cuba, 1997-2009].
Rodríguez MM, Bisset JA, Ricardo Y … +4 more , Pérez O, Montada D, Figueredo D, Fuentes I
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437552
INTRODUCTION: resistance to organophosphorus insecticides was diagnosed in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Santiago de Cuba in 1997 and some of them are still used up to date; hence the need of ascertaining how the i...
INTRODUCTION: resistance to organophosphorus insecticides was diagnosed in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) from Santiago de Cuba in 1997 and some of them are still used up to date; hence the need of ascertaining how the insecticidal resistance has changed in recent times, particularly in 2009. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the resistance to organophosporus insecticides in larvae from Santiago de Cuba collected in 2009, and its variation in comparison with that observed in 1997; and to determine the frequency of occurrence of resistance mechanisms on the basis of high esterase activity and its classification. METHODS: resistance to organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion, pirimiphos, methyl, phenitrotion, phention, temephos and clorpiriphos in larvae by using the WHO recommended methodology. The esterase mechanism was identified through biochemical assays and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: larvae from the Santiago de Cuba strain were susceptible to malathion, pirimiphos, methyl and phenitrothion; there was no variation with the results achieved in a Santiago de Cuba strain in 1997, moderate resistance to phenthion and high resistance to temephos and chlorpiriphos were observed. When comparing these results with those of 1997, it was noted that resistance to the three insecticides increased in the 1997-2009 period. In the Santiago de Cuba strain 2009, it was shown that esterase activity was very high at a rate of 0.7. The presence of an amplified type B esterase with relative mobility of 0.95 cm was detected, which did not exist in the reference strain. CONCLUSIONS: resistance to insecticides and its mechanisms are highly variable, even in the same species subjected to various intensities in the insecticidal use, therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor both aspects at local level in the course of time, with a view to an effective vector control program.
[Inhibitory effect of turpentine oil on Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) larvae growth].
Leyva Silva M, Marquetti Fernández Mdel C, Tacoronte González JE … +2 more , Tiomno Tiomnovay O, Montada Dorta D
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437551
INTRODUCTION: in the fight for environmental protection, finding out alternative ways to control vectors that are important from the medical viewpoint is a must. Those plants having potent active principles and high chem...
INTRODUCTION: in the fight for environmental protection, finding out alternative ways to control vectors that are important from the medical viewpoint is a must. Those plants having potent active principles and high chemical stability to act as pesticides can contribute to this end. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the possible inhibitory effect of photochemically-modified turpentine oil on Aedes aegypti larvae growth. METHODS: Aedes aegypti larvae of an insecticide-sensitive strain from the insect breeding site located in the Institute of Tropical Medicine were used. During a week after the exposure to the lethal dose causing 90% mortality, the mortality indexes of larvae and pupas were recorded as well as the number of emerged adults and their sex in addition to adults stuck to the exuvias. RESULTS: high larval and pupal mortality was observed in the survivors to the lethal dose causing 90% mortality after one week of the exposure; mortality index was 39.46%. Larvae which managed to grow to become adults amounted to 60.54% of the surviving larvae. Female to male ratio was very similar in the control whereas the exposed group showed a higher number of male adults. On estimating the hatching inhibition percentage, it got 36.47%. CONCLUSIONS: the activity of turpentine oil as larvicide and Ae. aegypti growth inhibitor was demonstrated.
[Pneumonia caused by Rhodococcus equi: clinical and radiological findings in 8 AIDS patients].
de la Paz Bermúdez T, Portela Ramírez D, Jiménez Pérez NA … +3 more , Dorvigny Scull Mdel C, Kitchin Wilson MA, Capó de Paz V
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437550
INTRODUCTION: the Rhodococcus equi is one bacterium of the order Actinomycetales. It rarely appears in humans, but the HIV/AIDS epidemic has increased the number of cases and the main affected organ is the lung. It cause...
INTRODUCTION: the Rhodococcus equi is one bacterium of the order Actinomycetales. It rarely appears in humans, but the HIV/AIDS epidemic has increased the number of cases and the main affected organ is the lung. It causes pneumonia characterized by a slow clinical and radiological progression. OBJECTIVE: to describe the initial radiological alterations from R. equi infection in 8 AIDS patients, the radiological evolution and the clinical and immunological presentation. METHODS: a retrospective descriptive study of radiological pulmonary images from AIDS patients with respiratory infection due to Rhodococcus equi was conducted. RESULTS: these patients presented with high fever (39 degrees C), cough with expectoration and shortness of breath. Homogeneous opacity was the most frequent radiological presentation (62,5% of cases), located predominantly in the lower lobules. The radiological evolution was characterized by opacity with inner cavitation in 4 cases, fibrosis in 4 cases, and one case showed total recovery of lesions. The CD4+ T-cell count was low in all the patients. The evolution ranged from 2 to 33 months. CONCLUSIONS: the R equi pneumonia diagnosis should be borne in mind when dealing with HIV/AIDS patients with compromised immunological condition and breathing process with radiological manifestation of pulmonary consolidation evolving into cavitation, and torpid and prolonged clinical and radiological evolution.
[Effect of Vimang in HIV/AIDS patients].
Gil del Valle L, Serrano López T, Calderón Fuentes O … +3 more , Núñez Sánchez F, Tápanes Peraza RD, Pérez Avila J
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437549
INTRODUCTION: the oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as a co-factor of HIV infection evolution to AIDS condition. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the possible antioxidant effect and the impact on the functioning of severa...
INTRODUCTION: the oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as a co-factor of HIV infection evolution to AIDS condition. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the possible antioxidant effect and the impact on the functioning of several systems in the body, resulting in the toxicological safety of Vimang use. METHODS: sixty eight HIV-seropositive patients were double-blind randomized in two groups; the first was supplied with Vimang during six months and the other with placebo. Redox condition and the biochemical indexes of the hematological, renal and hepatic functions were measured. Also, dietary intake was assessed through surveys administered for 7 days at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS: there were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding positive change in redox figures in Vimang group compared to those of the placebo group. No significant difference was found either in the evaluated dietary intake indexes or in the biochemical indexes of the renal, hematological and hepatic functions at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: Vimang antioxidant effect was shown, without any toxic influence during the six month-study conducted in HIV/AIDS patients.
[Challenge clinical trial for evaluation of a vaccine candidate strain against cholera].
Díaz Jidy M, Pérez Rodríguez A, Fernández Llanes R … +6 more , Bravo Fariñas L, García Sánchez H, Valera Fernández R, García Imia L, Fando Calzada R, Menéndez Hernández J
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437548
INTRODUCTION: live attenuated oral Vibrio cholerae Ol El Tor, Ogawa strain 638 has demonstrated to be well tolerated and immunogenic when administrated orally in studies carried out in healthy volunteers. OBJECTIVES: to...
INTRODUCTION: live attenuated oral Vibrio cholerae Ol El Tor, Ogawa strain 638 has demonstrated to be well tolerated and immunogenic when administrated orally in studies carried out in healthy volunteers. OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the protection against cholera infection in a challenge clinical trial, for the technological and pharmaceutical scale-up of this vaccinal candidate as active ingredient at industrial level. METHODS: a total of 21 healthy volunteers were involved in this trial; the vaccine candidate was administered to 12 of them and the remaining nine were given the placebo. Twenty eight days later, all of them received an infective dose of a V. cholerae virulent strain. RESULTS: diarrheas were observed in 7 out of 9 placebos whereas not a single vaccinated volunteer showed diarrheas. More frequent and intense loose stools were found in the placebo volunteers with O-blood group. All volunteers in he placebo group excreted V. cholerae, but only three (25%) out of the 12 vaccinated volunteers did so. CONCLUSION: in this challenge clinical trial model, the 638 strain proved to protect people against the diarrhea caused by a virulent V. cholerae strain.
[Enabling intervention for active screening of respiratory symptomatic patients in two municipalities located in the City of Havana province].
Jordán Severo T, Oramas González R, Díaz Castrillo AO … +2 more , Armas Pérez L, González Ochoa E
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437547
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the feasibility and immediate effect of an enabling intervention to improve the active screening of respiratory symptomatic patients in groups at risk of suffering tuberculosis and the quality of...
OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the feasibility and immediate effect of an enabling intervention to improve the active screening of respiratory symptomatic patients in groups at risk of suffering tuberculosis and the quality of filling in lab records. METHODS: a quasi-experimental-designed intervention study was conducted in two health areas of Boyeros municipality (Salvador Allende polyclinics and Federico Capdevila polyclinics). Two other areas were selected as controls in "10 de Octubre" municipality ("Turcios Lima" polyclinics and "Puente Uceda" polyclinics). Family physicians and nurses were then trained to identify patients with respiratory symptoms in the risk groups during home visits, finally sputum tests were indicated. A new model for lab recording was used. After 2 months, the ratio of detected respiratory symptomatic cases was estimated. The relative risk (95 % CI) was found. The percentage by type of screening, risk group and number of empty, misplaced and wrongly filled in items in the new model was calculated. RESULTS: after the intervention, the capabilities of physicians and nurses for detecting respiratory symptomatic patients in "Salvador Allende" health area was almost 2.5 times higher than before (RR= 2.4320) and in "Federico Capdevila" health area was almost 2 times higher (RR = 1.8112). Over 80 % of this improvement was due to active screening carried out almost completely (90 %) in risk groups. There were no misplaced or wrongly filled data, just empty items under 0.5%. CONCLUSIONS: the enabling intervention proved to be immediate and effective in order to raise the active screening of respiratory symptomatic patients in risk groups and to improve the quality of filling in lab records.
[Algorithms for hospital-acquired infection surveillance in intensive care units].
de la Suárez SE, Bastanzuri PM, González-Piñera JG … +3 more , Leandro Talledo R, Martínez CA, González Hernández T
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437546
UNLABELLED: IINTRODUCTION: the occurrence of nosocomial infection in an intensive care unit is very high and increases the possibilities of the patient's death and the cost of care. OBJECTIVES: to find out and apply diag...
UNLABELLED: IINTRODUCTION: the occurrence of nosocomial infection in an intensive care unit is very high and increases the possibilities of the patient's death and the cost of care. OBJECTIVES: to find out and apply diagnosis algorithms for nosocomial infection surveillance at the critical patient care service. METHODS: in 2005, a three-phase research study was carried out in "Cira Garcia" clinics: management and analysis of international and national information on this topic, the preparation of the algorithm, and the application of such algorithm in nosocomial infections surveillance at the progressive care units. RESULTS: three algorithms were found for the most frequent infections and they were used for the nosocomial infection diagnosis for 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: the use of these algorithms is a good supporting method to identify nosocomial infection, which leads to a better and prompt diagnosis and facilitates the involvement of infectious control staff in the individual analysis of each patient.
[Enzymatic immunoassays for the detection of infectious agents or their products: presentation of some designs and applications].
Otero González AJ
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437545
This paper assessed the impact of the immunoenzymatic assays on the field of the immunochemistry-based analytics for the last 40 years, and on the detection of infectious agents or the products related to their presence...
This paper assessed the impact of the immunoenzymatic assays on the field of the immunochemistry-based analytics for the last 40 years, and on the detection of infectious agents or the products related to their presence and/or pathogenic activity. It also addressed some designs and formats of these immunoassays from electrochemical methods of detection, assays to determine proteolytic microbial activity and their inhibitors as possible therapeutical targets, more sensitive direct triple antibody systems, alternative enzymatic activity detectors, assays for viral serology of minimal determinations to competitive assays for evaluation of vaccinal candidate effectiveness based on selected peptide combinations. Finally, it provided a rapid overview of the near future of this type of immunoassays in the light of the emerging detection analytical technologies.
[Pandemic influenza in Cuba].
Acosta Herrera B, Llop Hernández A
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23437544
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[Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Cuba and progression of resistance to penicillin].
Toraño Peraza GT, Llanes Caballero R, Pías Solis LM … +2 more , Abreu Capote M, Valcárcel Sánchez M
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431629
INTRODUCTION: since 2006 in Cuba, there has been difficult to determine the actual incidente of bacterial meningitis and other invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, as a result of the low percentage of is...
INTRODUCTION: since 2006 in Cuba, there has been difficult to determine the actual incidente of bacterial meningitis and other invasive diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, as a result of the low percentage of isolation and identification of this agent in the domestic microbiology lab network. OBJECTIVE: to warn of the need of revitalizing the active surveillance of invasive, epidemiological and microbiological pneumoccocic diseases, mainly meningitis and pneumoniae in the phase prior to vaccination. METHODS: a comparison was made on the circulation of capsulary serogroups/serotypes and the invasive infection-causing S. pneumoniae isolates susceptibility to penicilline in two periods: 1994-2006 and 2007-2009. RESULTS: the most frequent serogroups were 3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 23; however, in the second period, it was observed that others not contained in the available conjugate vaccines (serogrup 15) and associated to antimicrobial resistance (serotype 5) were circulating. On the other hand, increased resistance to penicilline was evident. CONCLUSIONS: it is required to study a more representative number of isolates in order to assure high effectiveness with the incorporation of some S. pneumoniae conjugate vaccines in the Cuban infant vaccination schedule. This will also allow duly assessing increased resistance to penicilline and adopting therapeutical guidelines suited to the Cuban setting.
[Use of Amplicor HIV-1 DNA test v.1.5 in diagnosis of perinatal infection from HIV-1 in Cuba].
Machado Zaldivar LY, Blanco de Armas M, Lubián Caballero AL … +1 more , Díaz Torres HM
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431628
INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 proviral DNA amplification is the preferential method for HIV diagnosis infection in infants and it has been used in Cuba since 1992. AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit is an in vitro qualitative assay for the de...
INTRODUCTION: HIV-1 proviral DNA amplification is the preferential method for HIV diagnosis infection in infants and it has been used in Cuba since 1992. AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit is an in vitro qualitative assay for the detection of HIV-1 proviral DNA in the whole blood. OBJECTIVE: this paper showed the results of the use of this kit for the first time in Cuba for the perinatal diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. METHODS: three hundred forty six whole blood samples from children of HIV seropositive women were analyzed by the AMPLICOR HIV-1 DNA kit in the period 2005-2007. RESULTS: among the tested samples, six were positive, and 340 negative. CONCLUSIONS: the assay was reproducible under the Cuban conditions and the achieved results made the diagnosis and follow up of children of HIV-1 seropositive mothers possible.
[Factors linked to rapid progression to AIDS in Cuban subjects].
Abrahantes Rodríguez Y, Pérez Avila J, Kouri Cardellá V … +3 more , Fonseca Gómez C, Baly Gil A, Tápanes Fernandez T
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431627
INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, the number of HIV Cuban patients expressing rapid clinical and immunologic deterioration has increased. OBJECTIVE: to find out the possible factors associated to rapid progression to...
INTRODUCTION: in the last few years, the number of HIV Cuban patients expressing rapid clinical and immunologic deterioration has increased. OBJECTIVE: to find out the possible factors associated to rapid progression to AIDS. METHODS: a case-control study was carried out with the objective of determining possible factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS. Twenty six patients with rapid progression to AIDS, who were seen at "Pedro Kouri" Institute of Tropical Medicine from September 2007 to August 2008 together with two 20- patient control groups (A and B) were involved in the study. Social, demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed. By means of multivariate logistic analysis, the association between the exposure variables and the rapid progression to AIDS was determined. RESULTS: the variables associated with rapid progression to AIDS using the punctual estimate of the Odds ratio (OR > or = 2) were: female (OR: 17.0), non-use of condom (OR: 3.24), percentage of TCD4+ lymphocytes at the moment of HIV diagnosis < or = 25% (OR: 8.0) and the absolute count < or = 400 cel/mm3 (OR: 3.27), oral candidiasis (OR: 66.20), and an HIV viral load > 10 000 UI/mL at the moment of the diagnosis (OR: 4.62). The age older than 30 years at HIV diagnosis, the toxic habits, the symptomatic syndrome of acute retrovirosis and the rest of the co-infections were not associated with rapid progression to AIDS. CONCLUSIONS: besides those well-known viral and immunologic factors, there are other clinical and epidemiological factors associated with rapid progression to AIDS such as being female, non-use of condon, oral candiasis, T cell CD4+ count and viral load. All of them must be taken into account at the moment of initial patient assessment.
[Standarization of the plaque-reduction neutralization technique in Vero cells for dengue virus testing].
Alvarez Vera M, González Rodríguez A, Díaz Morejón D … +2 more , Morier Díaz L, Guzmán Tirado MG
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431626
INTRODUCTION: the standard plaque reduction neutralization technique has been performed in BHK-21 cells for more than 20 years in Cuba to determine the neutralizing antibodies to dengue. At the end of 2007, the WHO imple...
INTRODUCTION: the standard plaque reduction neutralization technique has been performed in BHK-21 cells for more than 20 years in Cuba to determine the neutralizing antibodies to dengue. At the end of 2007, the WHO implemented a program to harmonize this technique at all the laboratories worldwide. OBJECTIVES: the present study was aimed at standardizing the plaque-reduction neutralization technique in Vero cells from the Cultural Lab of"Pedro Kouri" Tropical Medicine Institute. METHODS: viral strains suggested by Who, strains from the Strain Bank of Arbovirus Laboratory, as well as the panel of human sera from dengue-suspected patients after 5 days of the symptoms. RESULTS: it was proved that suspension- cultured Vero cells allow higher plaque capacity and quality. Similar results were reached using Arbovirus Bank strains and WHO reference strains. CONCLUSIONS: it was possible to standardize the plaque-reduction neutralization in Vero cells, with results similar to those of BHK-21 but in longer length of time. Standardization of this technique will allow comparing the outcome of neutralization in the epidemiological studies and vaccine research with those of other laboratories worldwide.
[Preservation for vaccinal strains of Leptospira at liquid nitrogen].
Maura Reinier B, Batista Santiesteban N, Blain Torres K … +1 more , Valdés Abreu Y
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431625
INTRODUCTION: Leptospira interrogans strains of Cuban vaccine vax-SPIRAL are preserved in Fletcher's semi-solid medium, which guarantees the preservation of the cell viability for a few months. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the...
INTRODUCTION: Leptospira interrogans strains of Cuban vaccine vax-SPIRAL are preserved in Fletcher's semi-solid medium, which guarantees the preservation of the cell viability for a few months. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the cryopreservation at liquid nitrogen of 6 different cryoprotectors as a long-term preservation method for Leptospira interrogans strains used as antigens in vaccine vax-SPIRAL against leptospirosis. METHODS: viability was systematically evaluated according to the cell yield of the recently thawed strains in EMJH medium. Virulence stability was estimated in hamsters and antigenicity was evaluated by microscopic agglutination test using reference antisera from vaccinal serogroups. RESULTS: the use of 2.5% and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, and 2.5% glycerol allowed quick recovery of the three strains without virulence or antigenicity depletion after 19 months of cryopreservation. CONCLUSIONS: the results showed the feasibility of the cryopreservation at liquid nitrogen using suitable cryoprotectant as a preservation method for vaccinal strains of Leptospira.
[First finding of human infection with Paracapillaria (Crosscapillaria) philippinensis (Chitwood, Velázquez y Salazar, 1968) in Cuba].
Núñez FA, Espinosa F, Astencio Rodríguez G … +3 more , Chacón Medina AI, Atencio IV, Medell Gago M
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431624
INTRODUCTION: the infection caused by Paracapillaria philippinensis (Capillaria philippinensis) is clinically characterized as a progressive enteric illness with massive loss of proteins and a malabsorption syndrome that...
INTRODUCTION: the infection caused by Paracapillaria philippinensis (Capillaria philippinensis) is clinically characterized as a progressive enteric illness with massive loss of proteins and a malabsorption syndrome that may become fatal. OBJECTlVE: the first report in Cuba of human infection with P. philippinensis. METHODS: the case of a Cuban male patient aged 21 years from the City of Havana, who had never been abroad, was described. This young man was admitted to the hospital because after having eaten one breadcrumb-covered fish, he started having diarrheic episodes that progressively increased up to more than 15 abundant diarrheas per day, without phlegm or blood, and a clinical picture of severe malnutrition and general symptoms of intensive asthenia and anorexia. RESULTS: the lab diagnosis confirmed the presence of P. philippinensis eggs in feces. CONCLUSIONS: the clinical features of the patient and the finding of moderate eosinophilia in the hematological study agreed with published information. As far as we know, this is the first finding of a human infection caused by P. philippinensis in Cuba, and in the American continent as well. The epidemiological alert on the possible emergence of new cases of this parasitic infection in our geographic zone is important, mainly in those places where the habit of eating raw or undercooked fish is part of the local culture.
[Deliberate use of several products for Pediculus capitis (De Geer, 1778) control by parents or tutors of elementary school children].
Hernández Contreras N, Chang Camero Y, Santana Suárez Y … +3 more , Machado Martínez E, Martinez Izquierdo AM, Pui Vazquez Lde L
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431623
INTRODUCTION: self-medication and use of several products as peliculicides seem to be common procedures for those persons living with schoolchildren, in order to eliminate head lice. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the deliberate...
INTRODUCTION: self-medication and use of several products as peliculicides seem to be common procedures for those persons living with schoolchildren, in order to eliminate head lice. OBJECTIVE: to analyze the deliberate use of several products by the people living with elementary school children, so as to control their pediculosis capitis. METHODS: a questionnaire- and exchange of opinion-based survey on the products used to control or eliminate head lice was administered to 896 people who lived with children aged 5 to 10 years. These children studied in 19 elementary schools in urban and suburban areas located in the western, central and eastern provinces of Cuba. RESULTS: the surveyed population mentioned more than 40 products. Among the most reported substances were alcohol, DDT and lindano which were previously rejected owing to their toxicity and ineffectiveness. There were also reports on products from agricultural, public health and veterinary medicine, including those devoted to plague control such as temephos, steladon, malathion, parathion, baytex; also oil derivatives like brake fluid, kerosene and gasoline. CONCLUSIONS: the paper mentioned a number of toxic substances used in treating Pediculus capitis in children, the risks of which outweighted the expected benefits. The percentage of persons who manually remove lice from the head as the only treatment is low; however, this is the less harmful and more effective method.
[Factors associated to the Aedes aegypti (dipthera: culicidae) presence in two Cuban regions].
Marquetti Fernández Mdel C, Carrazana Trujillo M, Leyva Silva M … +1 more , Bisset Lazcano J
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431622
INTRODUCTION: despite the Cuban government's efforts to exert control over the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, this mosquito is still present in several municipalities of the City of Havana and those of other provinces. OBJ...
INTRODUCTION: despite the Cuban government's efforts to exert control over the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, this mosquito is still present in several municipalities of the City of Havana and those of other provinces. OBJECTIVE: to find out some aspects related to the existence of Ae. aegypti in 2 Cuban regions. METHODS: a complete sampling was performed in Lisa municipality located in the western region and in Cienfuegos municipality on the south central part of the country from 2006 to 2008. Capturing methods of adult mosquitoes include human bait and capture at rest. The aspects for comparison were breeding reservoirs used by the mosquito, number of reservoirs full of larvae at a time, number of captured adult mosquitoes and ecological plasticity of the vector. RESULTS: water tanks on the ground were the most positive containers to the Ae. aegypti presence in both regions. In Lisa municipality, the second type of container in positivity was the can, whereas in Cienfuegos municipality, the group of assorted containers held the second place. Cienfuegos exhibited the highest number of reservoirs with Ae. aegypti in 2006, but Lisa recorded the highest figures in 2007 and 2008. Generally speaking, over 50% of positive containers to the mosquito were found in both municipalities during August through November. CONCLUSIONS: Ae. aegypti showed similar behaviour with respect to the compared aspects in both regions; it was just different in the number of types of containers used by this species for breeding purposes.
[Larval density and space and time distribution of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera:Culicidae) in Boyeros municipality, 2008].
Valdés MV, Marquetti Fernández Mdel C
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431621
BACKGROUND: malaria was eradicated in Cuba in 1967; however, the worsening of this disease worldwide and the flow of people coming from endemic areas make the reintroduction of this disease possible. OBJECTIVES: to deter...
BACKGROUND: malaria was eradicated in Cuba in 1967; however, the worsening of this disease worldwide and the flow of people coming from endemic areas make the reintroduction of this disease possible. OBJECTIVES: to determine presence, space and time distribution and larval density of Anopheles (N) albimanus in permanent and temporary breeding sites in one municipality of City of Havana procince. METHODS: the study was carried out in Boyeros municipality in 2008. The sampling frequency was weekly. The permanent surveyed breeding sites were dams, natural lagoons, oxidation lagoons, ditches, absorbing wells, activation ditches, Inhoff tanks, creeks, rivers, microdamps, sewage lagoons, small lakes, wells and temporary pools. RESULTS: a total number of 96 existing breeding sites were sampled; 34 of them were positive to An. albimanus (34.3%); Mulgoba was the area with more vectors. The most abundant types of breeding sites and, at the same time, those with the highest amount of vectors in the municipality were ditches with 28 (26.47%), natural lagoons, 21 (23.52%) and oxidation lagoons, 17 (17.64%). An. albimanus was present in the areas of this municipality throughout the year, but particularly increased in the July-September period. CONCLUSIONS: An. albimanus larvae were present in the whole municipality throughout the year, therefore, being on the alert all the time must be one of the priority measures to be taken by the malarial surveillance system in this area.
[Seasonal and time dynamics of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Cienfuegos municipality].
Carrazana Trujillo M, Marquetti Fernández Mdel C, Vázquez Cáceres A … +1 more , de Oca Montano JL
Rev Cubana Med Trop · 2010 · PMID 23431620
INTRODUCTION: dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Las Americas due, among other factors, to the increase of Aedes aegypti populations. OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the space and time behaviour of Ae....
INTRODUCTION: dengue is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Las Americas due, among other factors, to the increase of Aedes aegypti populations. OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the space and time behaviour of Ae. aegypti in Cienfuegos municipality from 2006 to 2008. METHODS: the study was conducted in Cienfuegos municipality located on the central south part of Cuba. Larvae and adult mosquitoes were collected throughout the municipality in the 2006-2008 period using the methodology of the national dengue vector eradication program. RESULTS: twelve mosquito species were found; Culex quinquefasciatus, Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, Gymnometopa mediovittata and Aedes aegypti were the most abundant. The containers showing the highest positivity to Ae. aegypti presence were water tanks on the ground, various reservoirs, and larvitraps; the highest positive indexes were reported in August through November. The highest amounts of adult mosquitoes were captured in July through October. Of the 2 methods, capture at rest was more effective in collecting more adult mosquitoes with 134 (96.41%), 30 (96.78%) and 27 (100%), respectively and highly significant difference, p < 0.0001. According to the entomological stratification of the areas in the municipality, the areas 2 and 3 must be classified as high risk, the areas 1 and 5 as mild risk and the rest of the areas as low risk areas. CONCLUSION: it is of vital importance to be permanently on the alert because Aedes aegypti is present throughout the year in the Cienfuegos municipality.
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