Nigerian Journal Of Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
GIANT PSEUDOANEURYSM OF A SPLANCHNIC ARTERY; A Case Report.
Nwafor IA, Eze JC, Ezemba N … +2 more , Ngene CI, Akpan AF
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487600
A true aneurysm is defined as an enlargement of an artery resulting in a diameter more than 1.5 times the anatomic size. It can be fusiform when it covers the entire perimeter of the vessel, or saccular when it bulges on...
A true aneurysm is defined as an enlargement of an artery resulting in a diameter more than 1.5 times the anatomic size. It can be fusiform when it covers the entire perimeter of the vessel, or saccular when it bulges on one side of the artery. The pseudoaneurysm is a pulsating encapsulated haematoma in communication with the lumen of the ruptured vessel,which affects the the intima and the media and which is stopped from developing by the adventitia and the surrounding connective tissue. Geographically, aneurysm can be broadly divided into intracranial and extracranial types.While the neurosurgeon manages the intracranial types, the vascular surgeon manages the extracranial types. Vascular surgeons also do divide the extracranial types into central (abdominal-aorto-iliac, thoracic including ascending, transverse aortic arch and descending), peripheral (extremities) and visceral (splanchnic arteries). Splanchnic artery aneurysm includes the coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric arteries including their branches. Of all intra-abdominal aneurysms, only around 5% are due to the splanchnic arteries,which could be either true or pseudo. The prevalence has been estimated at 0.1-0.2%.
EFFECTS OF ROOT CANAL IRRIGANTS ON THE PLANKTONIC FORM OF ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS: A REVIEW.
Mohammadi Z
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487599
BACKGROUND: Bacteria play an essential role in the initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical pathoses. Enterococcus faecalis is associated with both primary and persistent endodontic infections. However, the f...
BACKGROUND: Bacteria play an essential role in the initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical pathoses. Enterococcus faecalis is associated with both primary and persistent endodontic infections. However, the frequency of E. faecalis in persistent periradicular lesions has been shown to be very higher than primary infections. AIM: The purpose of this paper was to review the effect of various irrigation solutions such as sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, MTAD and Tetraclean against E. faecalis. METHODS: Papers used in this review were found by searching the key words (Root canal irrigant, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, MTAD, Tetraclean, Enterococcus faecalis) in PubMed. RESULTS: It seems that, although some both sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine were very effective against E. faecalis. The other discussed irrigant and Tetraclean, MTAD, were effective against E. faecalis in both agar diffusion test and tooth model experiments. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that all discussed irrigation solutions were effective against the planktonic form of Enterococcus faecalis.
HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN AUTOMOTIVE TECHNICIANS IN NNEWI, SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA.
Ibeh N, Aneke J, Okocha C … +1 more , Nkwazema A
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487598
BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to petroleum products is known to be associated with a number of health risks as well as adverse effects on haematological indices. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exposure to petro...
BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to petroleum products is known to be associated with a number of health risks as well as adverse effects on haematological indices. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of exposure to petroleum products on haematological parameters in automobile mechanics in Nnewi, south-east Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty (50) automobile technicians and 50 healthy controls participated in the study. Full blood count was performed for each participant using the automated Sysmex haemocytometer (Model PCE 210) while data analysis was done using the SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 16 computer soft ware (Chicago, IL, Inc.). Results were expressed as frequencies, means and standard deviations; comparison of haematological parameters was made between subjects and controls and at different durations of exposure using the students' t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. The level of statistical significance was p < 0.05 (at 95% CI). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional review board and all participants gave informed consent. RESULTS: There red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit were significantly lower while the platelet count was significantly higher in test subjects compared with controls (p values; 0.04, 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Correspondingly, the mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) were significantly lower in test subjects compared with controls (p = 0.62 and 0.03, respectively). The red cell count, MCV and platelet count significantly decreased with increasing duration of work exposure (p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to petroleum products adversely affects blood counts, with a significant decrease in RBC, MCV and platelet count as duration of exposure increases.
AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS ON DIABETIC EYE COMPLICATIONS IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA.
Nathaniel GI, Adio O
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487597
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus has significant ocular morbidities leading to visual impairment and blindness. Most patients are not aware that diabetes mellitus affect the eye with potential debilitating consequences. The...
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus has significant ocular morbidities leading to visual impairment and blindness. Most patients are not aware that diabetes mellitus affect the eye with potential debilitating consequences. The study examines the awareness and attitude of diabetic patients attending the endocrinology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, on diabetic eye complications in order to examine factors that may be contributingto poor visual outcome. AIM: To assess the awareness and attitude of diabetic patients on diabetic eye complications in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. METHODS: This hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out between 25th March and 28th June, 2011 had 225 adult diabetics attending the Endocrinology clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt daily balloted for. From questionnaires and ocular examinations were recorded in the data sheets and analysed using the SPSS version 16 (2007). Simple statistics andcomparisons of associated variables were made using Chi-square. RESULTS: Of the 225 patients examined, 128 (56.9%) were aware that diabetes could affect the eye while 97 (43.1%) were not aware. Only a quarter (33, 25.8%) of them knew of specific eye complications of diabetes.There was no gender specific significant difference (p = 0.195). Age and educational status significantly affected their awareness (p < 0.005).The duration of diabetes did not have significant impact on the level of awareness of the patients (p = 0.066). Only 103 (45.8%) of those examined had ever had previous eye examination of which 26 (26.3%) did so prior to their diagnosis with diabetes mellitus. Less than a quarter (22.3%) was referred by doctors for the eye examination. Age, sex, educational status and level of awareness did not significantly influence the number of those who had the eye examination while the duration of diabetes significant affect the number of those who had eye examination (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: The study underscores the need to improve patients' education on diabetic eye complications and encourage primary care physicians to refer diabetic patients for early ocular examination.
PATIENT'S PERCEPTION ON THE QUALITY OF RADIOTHERAPY SERVICES IN TWO TEACHING HOSPITALS IN NIGERIA.
Sowunmi AC, Fatiregun OA, Alabi AO … +3 more , Zaccheus IA, Kingsley IA, Oyedeji SA
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487596
OBJECTIVE: Patient satisfaction is an important and commonly used indicator for measuring the quality in health care. Patient satisfaction affects clinical outcomes, patient retention, and medical malpractice claims. It...
OBJECTIVE: Patient satisfaction is an important and commonly used indicator for measuring the quality in health care. Patient satisfaction affects clinical outcomes, patient retention, and medical malpractice claims. It affects the timely, efficient, and patient-centered delivery of quality health care. A review of quality of services from the patient's perspective could be a method of assessing in order to improve services and achieve total quality management. This study was designed to assess patients' perception on the quality of Radiotherapy services in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) Lagos and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. METHODOLOGY: This study is a cross-sectional study. This research lasted for a period of two months and all patients receiving radiotherapy within is period were included in this study. A total of 246 questionnaires were completed (152 and 94 in LUTH and UCH respectively) and the data collection was by semi-structured questionnaire. Data obtained were collected and analyzed using SPSS statistics [Social Sciences Statistical Package] 17.0 version. RESULTS: The findings of this research indicated that 68.4% in LUTH and 53.2% in UCH of the patients experienced good care. It also revealed that there is good interaction between the staff and the patient. Most of the patients spent more than 3 hours before receiving treatment and also the reason for such delay were not explained to them. The rate of preferential treatment was noted to be high. CONCLUSION: This study will contribute positively towards achieving effective and qualitative radiotherapy services by creating awareness for the need to minimize patient waiting time as well as the need to explain the reason for such delays. The department should adopt better ways of appointment system so that treatment will be on first come first serve basis. This study will contribute positively towards achieving effective and qualitative radiotherapy services by creating awareness for the need to minimize patient waiting time as well as the need to explain the reason for such delays. The department should adopt better ways of appointment system so that treatment will be on first come first serve basis.
PRIMARY POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE IN FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, OWERRI, NIGERIA: A SIX YEAR REVIEW.
Onyema OA, Cornelius AC, Uchenna ET … +1 more , Duke OA
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487595
BACKGROUND: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is an obstetric emergency and is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It a condition that requires vigilance, prompt and appropriate manag...
BACKGROUND: Primary postpartum hemorrhage is an obstetric emergency and is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It a condition that requires vigilance, prompt and appropriate management. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and determinants of primary post partum haemorrhage in Federal Medical Centre Owerri. METHODS: All cases of all cases of primary post partum haemorrhage managed at FMC Owerri. The case notes were retrieved from the hospital's Records Department and information on socio-demographic characteristics, nature of labour (spontaneous, induced or augmented) duration of labour and mode of delivery and birth weight, estimated blood loss and the need for blood transfusion were obtained. RESULTS: Out of a total of 4889 deliveries, 3725 (76.2%) women had vaginal delivery while 1,164 (23.8%) women had caesarean section. Out of these deliveries, 166 women had Primary Post Partum Hemorrhage (PPH), giving a prevalence of 3.4%. Multiparous women had higher prevalence compared to nulliparas: 88 (48.3%) versus 37 (22.2%) respectively. The commonest cause of primary PPH was uterine atony 72 (43.4%) and cervical laceration was the least cause constituting 13 (7.7%). Caesarean section was associated with higher prevalence of post partum haemorrhage, 94 (56.4%). Duration of second and third stages of labour lasting more than 30 minutes and 10 minutes respective were associated with higher risk of primary PPH:82 (49.5%) and 87 (52.3) respectively. CONCLUSION: Supervised antenatal care, active management of labour and emergency obstetric care, if employed religiously will drastically reduce post partum haemorrhage and thus its associated complications.
PREDICTORS OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN GWAGWALADA, ABUJA, NIGERIA.
Nwalorzie C, Onyenakazi SC, Ogwu SO … +1 more , Okafor AN
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487594
BACKGROUND: Prevalence and risk factors predisposing to intestinal helminthic infections vary widely. Risk factors to intestinal helminthic infections among children have not been documented in Gwagwalada, Nigeria which...
BACKGROUND: Prevalence and risk factors predisposing to intestinal helminthic infections vary widely. Risk factors to intestinal helminthic infections among children have not been documented in Gwagwalada, Nigeria which necessitated present study. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors to intestinal helminthiasis among children aged 1-15 years in Gwagwalada, Nigeria. METHODS: Cross-sectional study was carried out from June to November, 2011 in public schools using multi-staged, random sampling. Risk factors and helminth species were determined. Multiple stool samples were analyzed using the Kato-Katz technique. Participants had a single anal swab to search for Enterobius ova. RESULTS: Of 220 subjects evaluated, prevalence rate of intestinal helminthic infections was 73.2%. Most common helminth identified was Ascaris lumbricoides (40.9%) and least was Trichostrongylus species (2.3%). Logistic regression analysis showed that significant, predictors of intestinal helminthiasis among subjects were female gender (P = 0.028), lack of hand washing after defecation (P < 0.01), multiple sources of drinking water (P = 0.011) and eating of unwashed fruits/vegetables (P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: The present study identified predictors of intestinal helminthiasis among children Gwagwalada. Efforts should be made to institute regular health education, provision of potable water, environmental sanitation and de-worming programmes for children, as ways of reducing burden of the infections.
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, STRESS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CORPS MEMBERS SERVING IN KEBBI STATE.
Balami AD
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487593
BACKGROUND: Depression, anxiety and stress, are not only health problems by themselves, but also associated with other negative health consequences. The national youth service is usually characterized by a number of new...
BACKGROUND: Depression, anxiety and stress, are not only health problems by themselves, but also associated with other negative health consequences. The national youth service is usually characterized by a number of new challenges and experiences which may require life style adjustments by the corps member. However, no previous study on psychological factors has been conducted among corps members. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and, stress and their associated factors among corps members serving in Kebbi state. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 corps members from four local government areas of the state. Selection of the local government areas and the individual participants was by simple random sampling. Data was collected from May to June 2014 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis used chi-square test to identify the relationship between categorical variables and multivariate logistic regression to identify the independent factors for depression, anxiety and stress each. RESULTS: The response rate was 97%. Most of the respondents were males (63.6%), single (85.5%), and above 20 years of age (71.6%). The overall prevalences of depression, anxiety and stress among the respondents were 36.4%, 54.5% and 18.2% respectively. The independent factors for depression were; being from the North central (OR = 5.99; 95% CI: 2.194-16.354) or South-south; and the perception of earning enough income (OR = 2.987; 95% CI: 1.062-8.400). For anxiety, male gender (OR = 0.411; 95% CI: 0.169-0.999); and being from the North central were significant risk factors (OR = 3.731; 95% CI: 1.450-9.599). Being above 26 years of age was an independent risk factor for stress (OR = 0.083; 95% CI: 0.018-0.381). Also, those who had ever schooled outside their towns of residence were less likely to be stressed compared to those who had never (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.110-0.855). All other factors did not show any significant association with any of the outcome variables in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the prevalences of depression, anxiety and stress are high among corps members serving in Kebbi state. There is need to expand the scope of this study to a national level so as to get a bigger picture of the problem.
PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AMONG FIREFIGHTERS IN RIVERS STATE, SOUTH-SOUTH, NIGERIA.
Douglas KE, Oraekesi CK
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487592
BACKGROUND: High blood pressure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and firemen (firefighters) may be especially predisposed to it or even exacerbate pre-existing hypertension as a result of...
BACKGROUND: High blood pressure is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa and firemen (firefighters) may be especially predisposed to it or even exacerbate pre-existing hypertension as a result of the nature of their job. This study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension among firemen in Rivers state, South-South Nigeria. METHODS: Following ethical clearance, 125 consenting firemen of the Rivers State Fire Service were recruited in this descriptive cross sectional study. They responded to a pre-tested, structured, closed-ended self-administered questionnaire which probed their socio-demographics, knowledge, attitude and practice towards hypertension. Also, their blood pressures heights and weights were measured from where Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. A WalkThrough Survey for immediate work place situation and safety was carried out. Data collected were later analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tools. RESULTS: There was a 9.6% prevalence of hypertension among this group of workers in Rivers State. The workforce was essentially young with a modal age group of between 31-36 years. The attendant associated risk factors included altered sleep patterns, over weight and smoking which were all statistically significant P < 0.05. Whilst knowledge of hypertension was high (96%), the behaviour of respondents towards prevention and control of hypertension was poor. CONCLUSION: There is hypertension among firemen of the Rivers State Fire Service occasioned by modifiable risk factors despite adequate knowledge. It is recommended that intensive health education, early detection and treatment be instituted among this group of workers.
DETERMINANTS OF SPECIALTY CHOICE OF RESIDENT DOCTORS; CASE STUDY--AMONG RESIDENT DOCTORS IN NIGERIA.
Osuoji RI, Adebanji A, Abdulsalam MA … +2 more , Oludara MA, Abolarinwa AA
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487591
OBJECTIVE: This study examined medical specialty selection by Nigerian resident doctors using a marketing research approach to determine the selection criteria and the role of perceptions, expected remuneration, and job...
OBJECTIVE: This study examined medical specialty selection by Nigerian resident doctors using a marketing research approach to determine the selection criteria and the role of perceptions, expected remuneration, and job placement prospects of various specialties in the selection process. METHODS: Data were from the Community of residents from April 2014 to July 2014. The cohort included 200 residents, but only 171 had complete information. Data were obtained from a cross section of resident doctors in the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital and at the 2014 Ordinary General Meeting of the National Association of Resident Doctors(NARD) where representatives from over 50 Teaching hospitals in Nigeria attended. Using a client behaviour model as a framework, a tripartite questionnaire was designed and administered to residents to deduce information on their knowledge about and interests in various specialties, their opinions of sixteen specialties, and the criteria they used in specialty selection. RESULTS: A total of 171 (85.5%) questionnaires were returned. ln many instances, consistency between selection criteria and perceptions of a specialty were accompanied by interest in pursuing the specialty. Job security, job availability on completion of programme, duration of training and qualifying examinations were highly correlated with p value < 0.05. Results of the Principal Component Analysis show two components (with Eigen values greater than one) explaining 65.3% of the total variance. The first component had placement and training and practice related variables loaded on it while the second component was loaded with job security and financial remuneration related variables. CONCLUSIONS: Using marketing research concepts for medical specialty selection (Weissmanet al 2012) stipulates that choice of speciality is influenced by criteria and perception. This study shows that job security expected financial remuneration, and examination requirements for qualification are major determinants of the choice of speciality for residents.
SPUTUM SMEAR PATTERN AMONG PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN MAKURDI, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA.
Gomerep SS, Eze UA, Chiegboka LO … +4 more , Olanipekun TO, Ezeudu CC, Shityo T, Isa SE
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487590
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Nigeria due mainly to the high burden of HIV/AIDS and especially in Benue state which has the highest prevalence of HIV in Nigeria. Sputum smear examination is of importance in...
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Nigeria due mainly to the high burden of HIV/AIDS and especially in Benue state which has the highest prevalence of HIV in Nigeria. Sputum smear examination is of importance in the diagnosis of pulmonary TB and can be smear-positive or negative. In this study, we analyzed the sputum smear results of all patients diagnosed to have PTB during the time under review. METHODS: The study was a retrospective study done with records of patients diagnosed with PTB between July 2009 and July 2011. The sample size was 305. AIM: To determine the smear patterns in pulmonary tuberculosis and its relationship with HIV status. RESULTS: There was slight male preponderance among the study group. 37% were found to be smear positive, out of which 63.7% and 36.3% were males and females respectively. The highest frequency was between 21-40 years and in this age group there were more males than females.72.1% wereTB/HIV co-infected and 29.1% of the TB/HIV co-infected patients had smear-positiveTuberculosis. CONCLUSION: There is a high burden of TB/HIV co-infection affecting predominantly the youths. Sputum smear results in TB/HIV co-infection are largely negative. There is the need for provision of other diagnostic tests to improve the diagnosis of TB in our environment and targeted intervention among the youth to reduce the burden of TB/HIV.
THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF SERUM URIC ACID FOR THE OCCURRENCE, SEVERITY AND OUTCOMES OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA AMONG PARTURIENTS AT NNEWI, NIGERIA.
Osakwe CR, Ikpeze OC, Ezebialu IU … +2 more , Osakwe JO, Mbadugha NN
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 27487589
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of serum uric acid for preeclampsia, its severity and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: This is a cohort study that was performed on normal pregnant women attending antenatal clinic...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive value of serum uric acid for preeclampsia, its severity and pregnancy outcome. METHODS: This is a cohort study that was performed on normal pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria. Serum uric acid was determined in 200 women attending antenatal clinic between the gestational ages of 14 and 26 weeks. The women were followed up at 2 weekly intervals until 36 weeks and weekly thereafter until delivery. Women who developed pre-eclampsia or eclampsia were identified. Pregnancy outcomes were determined as well as fetal and placental weights. The data was analised with SPSS version 16.0. The chi square was used for test of significance. The positive and negative predictive values were determined. RESULTS: A total of 200 normal pregnant women were recruited for the study. Nine of them were lost to follow up. Subsequently, 10.5% of the women developed preeclampsia. The positive and negative predictive values of serum uric acid for preeclampsia were 78.9% and 97.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Serum uric acid was found to be a useful predictor of the occurrence of preeclampsia and its severity.
Pregnancy outcome in unbooked mothers at a tertiary health institution, South-South, Nigeria.
John CO, Alegbeleye JO
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011174
BACKGROUND: Maternal complications and poor perinatal outcome are highly associated with non-utilisation of antenatal and delivery care services. The study aimed at determining the socio-demographical characteristics and...
BACKGROUND: Maternal complications and poor perinatal outcome are highly associated with non-utilisation of antenatal and delivery care services. The study aimed at determining the socio-demographical characteristics and feto-maternal outcome in unbooked mothers who delivered at a tertiary referral hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of all unbooked patients managed at the Obstetric unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. Data obtained from the theatre records, delivery registers and case notes were analysed using the statistical package SPSS 20. RESULTS: Unbooked mothers constituted 15.8% (2,490) of the deliveries. Majority (81.7%) of the women were aged 20-34 years with a mean age of 30.8 ± 4.5 years. More than half of the women were Para 1-4 (61.3%). Emergency caesarean section was the mode of delivery in 58.7% of the women. The commonest indication for caesarean section was cephalopelvic disproportion (40%) followed by Obstructed labour (26%). There were 149 maternal deaths, giving maternal mortality ratio of 4654.8/100,000. The perinatal mortality rate was 331.7/1000 births. CONCLUSION: The study showed a positive correlation between lack of proper antenatal care and adverse pregnancy outcome in unbooked patients. Improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of the populace especially women and the removal of fee for service in maternal care services will help to improve the availability and accessibility of good quality antenatal care.
Assessment of the knowledge, attitude and practice of voluntary non-remunerated blood donation among residents of Ekpoma, a peri-urban community in Edo State.
Ehimen FA, Osagiede EF, Abah SO … +2 more , Enahoro FO, Usifoh I
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011173
BACKGROUND: The importance of use of blood and blood products in medical practice cannot be over emphasized. Voluntary non remunerated blood donation forms the basis for ensuring regular availability of safe blood during...
BACKGROUND: The importance of use of blood and blood products in medical practice cannot be over emphasized. Voluntary non remunerated blood donation forms the basis for ensuring regular availability of safe blood during blood donation and transfusion. However, volunteer blood donors account for less than one-half of blood supply in developing countries. METHODOLOGY: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of voluntary blood donation by residents of a peri-urban community. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out using a pre-tested semi-structured self-administered questionnaire among 422 respondents using the multistage sampling technique. The target population were residents of Ekpoma comprising the general public – workers, students of senior secondary schools and tertiary institutions. Variables were entered and analyzed using SPSS software package. The association between participants level of education and other socio-demographic factors was tested using chi square were appropriate. RESULTS: The study involved 422 participants, majority of which were males (58.1%). A large proportion of them were between ages 16 and 26. The overall knowledge on blood donation was good, attitude towards voluntary donation was fair conversely practice was poor as 91.5% of respondents had never donated blood. A significant association was observed between sex and blood donation as only 2% of females have been donors. The commonest reason for not donating blood was fear to damage of health as reported in 40.7% of the participants. CONCLUSION: This study elicits the importance of adopting effective measures in our communities to motivate voluntary blood donation as majority of the participant express willingness in donating blood in the future. Health awareness campaign and motivational programmes should be organized regularly to arouse the interest of the general public in voluntary blood donation exercises.
Epidemiology of skin diseases in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State.
Onyekonwu CL, Ojinmah UR, Ozoh GAO … +3 more , Okoh NU, Uche-Ejekwu JB, Onyekonwu CG
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011172
BACKGROUND: Several studies have been carried out to determine the patterns of skin diseases across Nigeria and results have shown changing patterns with the trend reflecting a higher tendency for allergic dermatoses in...
BACKGROUND: Several studies have been carried out to determine the patterns of skin diseases across Nigeria and results have shown changing patterns with the trend reflecting a higher tendency for allergic dermatoses in a majority of these studies. This study was carried out to evaluate the current clinical picture of patients presenting to our clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of new patients seen in the skin clinic of University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku- Ozalla, between November 2013 and August 2014 was carried out. A total of 387 patients' data was analysed. Data collected on patients' sociodemographic status and diagnosis were entered into SPSS Version 17 and analyzed. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings, laboratory diagnosis including biopsy and histopathology were requested when necessary to make a diagnosis. RESULTS: There were more females 245 (63%) than males 142 (37%). Most of the patients (81.9%) were aged above 16years and the commonest skin disease was infections (29.5%) followed by allergic skin diseases (13.6%). There was a significant difference in levels of income of study participants across gender and females who were engaged in unskilled labour were more likely to earn lower than males. CONCLUSION: Comparing the study findings with an earlier one from the same center, there is a change in pattern with infections being the most common skin disease. These are largely preventable; public enlightenment campaigns and policies to discourage over the counter purchase of prescription strength corticosteroid creams are highly desirable.
Pattern of haematologic abnormalities in incident dialysis patients and the effect of using locally derived haematologic reference ranges.
Abiola OO, Taslim BB, Oriola BO … +2 more , Khairat OA, Omozehio IS
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011171
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of haematologic abnormalities seen in incident haemodialysis patients using standard laboratory reference ranges with reference ranges derived locally. STUDY...
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of haematologic abnormalities seen in incident haemodialysis patients using standard laboratory reference ranges with reference ranges derived locally. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: This was a retrospective study of 97 patients with renal failure who received haemodialysis at a single dialysis unit in Lagos, Nigeria. All patients were 18 years of age or older, had renal failure requiring dialysis, and had not previously dialyzed. Patients with a history of haemoglobinoapthy or other red cell disorders, recent history of overt blood loss or blood transfusion and pregnancy were excluded. RESULTS: Fifty six (57.7%) of the patients were males; and 55 (56.7%) had chronic kidney disease. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between males and females, however, patients with CKD had significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, mean serum creatinines and lower mean haemoglobin concentrations. Overall, anaemia was the most common haematologic abnormality (97.9%), followed by leukocytosis (34.0%). Leukopenia, thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia were less common (3.1%, 7.2% and 10.3% respectively). The use of locally derived reference ranges was associated with significantly higher frequencies of occurrence of majority of the haematologic abnormalities studied. CONCLUSION: Haematological abnormalities occurred frequently in the study population. Use locally derived haematologic reference ranges was associated with significant differences in the frequency and pattern of some of the haematologic abnormalities. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
Bacterial contamination in a special care baby unit of a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria.
Okolo MO, Toma BO, Onyedibe KI … +3 more , Emanghe U, Banwat EB, Egah DZ
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011170
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections pose a great challenge on healthcare systems. Although surfaces in neonatal wards, umbilical stump wounds and catheter are responsible for a high number of nosocomial infections due to b...
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial infections pose a great challenge on healthcare systems. Although surfaces in neonatal wards, umbilical stump wounds and catheter are responsible for a high number of nosocomial infections due to bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile of air and surface contamination in the special care baby unit of a tertiary hospital in Jos, Nigeria. METHODS: Surface and air samples were cultured and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated bacteria were determined. RESULTS: The bacterial profile of air and surface samples showed that Klebsiella was the most common bacteria followed by Staphyllococcus; while the least was Escherichia. Most of the bacteria were isolated from the out-born term area of the special care baby unit. All the bacteria isolated were susceptible to ceftriaxone and meropenem. CONCLUSION: This study showed that all areas of the special care baby unit of the hospital have bacterial, indicating that these are a potential source of cross-infection from healthcare workers to the neonatal patients.
How ophthalmologists and ophthalmologists-in-training in Nigeria use the social media.
Nathaniel GI, Adio O
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011169
BACKGROUND: The social media has revolutionized the practice of medicine in the area of communication and information dissemination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was cross-sectional study of eighty-seven (87) consenting o...
BACKGROUND: The social media has revolutionized the practice of medicine in the area of communication and information dissemination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was cross-sectional study of eighty-seven (87) consenting ophthalmologists and ophthalmology residents at the 40th Annual Scientific and General Meeting of the Ophthalmological Society of Nigeria held from 24th to 28th August, 2015 in Jos, Nigeria. Self-administered questionnaires and data obtained were recorded in the data sheets and analysed using the SPSS version 20 (2014). Simple statistics and comparisons of associated variables were made using Chi-square. RESULTS: Of the 87 respondents, 82 (94.2%) used the social media while only 5 (5.8%) were not on any social media platform. WhatsApp was the preferred social media platform with 50 (50.5%) of the respondents using it, followed by Facebook (38; 38.4%), LinkedIn (8;8.1%), Instagram (2;2.0%) and Twitter (1; 1.0%). Majority of the respondents (66; 46.5%) used the social media for social interaction; 43 (30.3%) of them used them to interact and collaborate with colleagues; 21 (14.8%) utilized them for patients' education. Only 6 (4.2%) of the respondents used the social media for marketing of their practice. Fifty-two (59.9%) of the respondents believed that the use of social media had enhanced their practice. CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that majority of the ophthalmologists and residents interviewed were on the social media platform. However, social interaction with friends was the major reason they use the social media.
Pattern of accidents in building construction sites in Obio Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria.
Douglas KE, Adeloye FT
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011168
BACKGROUND: Building construction workers are engaged in a dangerous job, exposing them to an array of hazards. Construction accidents cause deaths, injuries and economic loss each year. The leading cause building site a...
BACKGROUND: Building construction workers are engaged in a dangerous job, exposing them to an array of hazards. Construction accidents cause deaths, injuries and economic loss each year. The leading cause building site accidents include falls from unsafe working conditions and scaffolding. This study was to determine the pattern of hazards / accidents in building construction sites in Obio Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State Nigeria. METHOD: This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 400 consenting respondents (366 males and 34 females) using a multistage sampling system. They responded to closed ended, structured interviewer/self administered questionnaires which probed socio-demographics, occupational history, knowledge and behavior towards workplace hazards. There was also a walk-through survey of sampled work sites. Data collected in Excel spread sheet were analyzed and presented in descriptive and analytical statistics.. RESULTS: This showed 278 (69.50%) of the workers agreed to being exposed to hazards at the work place. The hazards in order of prevalence include noise (31.46%), falling off from the ladder or height (29.25%), slips, trips and low falls (29.04%), dust (24.39%), heat (25.51%), flame/fire (24.94%), puncture wound (22.54%), struck by falling objects (19.18%), gases or vapors (17.27%), fumes (16.16%), cold (18.08). Injuries sustained in this study include musculoskeletal (46.85%), Puncture wounds (32.87%), Electrocutions (8.39%). CONCLUSION: Hazards abound in building construction sites and efforts at prevention and control are at best poor and ineffective. There is need for institution of safety standards with training of workers on hazards they are likely to confront as they ply their trade.
Feasibility and cost analysis of programmatic implementation of Microscopic-Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) assay in Nigeria.
Ochang EA, Oduyebo OO, Onwuezobe IA … +3 more , Collier D, Bode-Sojobi I, Odo M
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011167
OBJECTIVES: Detection of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria still remains a challenge. We evaluated the feasibility of programmatic implementation of the Microscopic-Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) assay...
OBJECTIVES: Detection of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in Nigeria still remains a challenge. We evaluated the feasibility of programmatic implementation of the Microscopic-Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) assay, a rapid culture and drug susceptibility testing technique for drug susceptibility testing in a low resource setting. METHOD: In a novel laboratory setting in Nigeria, we obtained data from the market on the cost of materials necessary for MODS assay. Three routinely collected sputum specimens from 160 tuberculosis suspects were evaluated by smear microscopy while only the early morning specimen was used for MODS culture. RESULTS: MODS assay detected M. tuberculosis in 97.7% (42/43) of smear positive and 6.0% (7/117) of smear negative TB suspects. There was a statistically significant advantage of a single MODS culture over 3 smear microscopies (P=0.019). The modal time from culture of specimen to detection of M. tuberculosis and availability of drug susceptibility result for MODS was 7days with a mean of 8.4 days (Range= 5-13 days). Culture and susceptibility result was available in 18.4% (9/49) of patients within 5days of culture. Turnaround time for smear microscopy in the centers was 3 days. Cost of processing one specimen by MODS assay in the study was USD2.65. Multi-Drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was detected in 4.1% (2/49) while Isoniazid mono-resistance was detected in 2.0% (1/49) of the culture positive cases. All the drug resistant isolates were from re-treatment cases with a statistically significant association (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The MODS technique is simple, and its implementation in this novel setting was feasible. MODS can be scaled up to meet the demand for MDR-TB confirmation in XpertMTB/Rif deployed sites in Nigeria.
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