Nigerian Journal Of Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Choice of antihypertensive medications among physicians and its impact on blood pressure control among Nigerians living with hypertension.
Mijinyawa Muhammad S, Yusuf MS, Mohammed H … +3 more , Saidu H, Sulaiman BA, Uloko AE
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011166
BACKGROUND: Hypertension, if untreated or uncontrolled, leads to damage of vital organs such as the brain, heart and the kidneys among others. These complications have been shown to be severer in black Africans. Benefit...
BACKGROUND: Hypertension, if untreated or uncontrolled, leads to damage of vital organs such as the brain, heart and the kidneys among others. These complications have been shown to be severer in black Africans. Benefit of treatment has been repeatedly demonstrated by many studies. Therefore, many guidelines have been produced by relevant bodies in different countries in order to assist physicians in making the right choices for blood pressure (BP) control. Most of these bodies produce the guidelines based on the peculiarities of hypertension in their respective population. Several reports have shown how different hypertension is, in black Africans, still there is no published unified guideline for its treatment in this population. METHODS: This was a survey of known hypertensives who were on follow up visit. Their prescriptions were assessed for drug name, class and number. Their blood pressures at that visit were also recorded. Prevalence of single therapy and combination therapy were determined. Compliance with the AHA recommended 2 – drug combination was determined. The percentage of BP control as well as the prescribed drugs in each group were also obtained. RESULTS: Those on single agents were 13% out of which 52% were controlled. 87% were on various combination of 2 or more drugs of whom 41.9% of those on 2 drugs and 21.1% of those on more than 2 drugs had controlled BP. BP control in those on 2 drugs was better than in those with > 2 drugs, (p=0.0027). ACEI were the commonest used drug either as single agent (55.9%) or as 2 – drug combination as seen in 54.8% of the subjects on 2 – drug combination. 13 different 2 – drug combinations were identified with the best control in ARB + Diuretic, ACEI + Diuretic and CCB + Diuretic. The least control was observed in the ACEI + CCB group. Compliance with AHA recommendation was good but still 7.7% were under unacceptable group while another 7.7% were unclassified. CONCLUSION: ACE-Is are becoming the drugs of choice both as monotherapy and as combination therapy. Despite good compliance to AHA recommendation on drug combination, overall control is still a problem which calls for a revisit of these recommendations in Africans.
Palliative care in patients who receive whole brain radiotherapy for brain metastases in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria.
Osinde TA, Adamu A, Jimeta JD … +1 more , Chukwuocha IC
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011165
BACKGROUND: Brain Metastases is a devastating complication of Cancer affecting 10-50% of patients with systemic disease. It by far outnumbers primary Brain tumor in a 10:1 ratio. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the age...
BACKGROUND: Brain Metastases is a devastating complication of Cancer affecting 10-50% of patients with systemic disease. It by far outnumbers primary Brain tumor in a 10:1 ratio. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the age distribution, gender distribution, tumor of origin, commonest radiotherapy regimen and median survival of patients who received Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2006-May 2015 patients who received Whole Brain Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases for confirmed Brain Metastases were studied in a Retrospective study and evaluated with respect to age, gender, tumor of origin and radiotherapy regimen. Patients Case files and treatment files were reviewed and results were analyzed using SPSS version 20th Edition. RESULTS: A total of 30 cases were reviewed. The age range of patients was between 16-70 years with a mean age of 43.5 years. Median age of 41.5 years. 83.4% of patients were female with remaining 16.7% males. The commonest tumor of origin was Breast Cancer (76.7%) followed by Lymphoma (6.7%),Lung (3.3%), Colon(3.3%), Endometrium(3.3%), Pancrease (3.3%), Paranasal Sinus (3.3%). Majority of patients 73.3% received 30Gy in 10# over 2 weeks. Median Survival is 3 months. The most common clinical presentation is Headache (46.6%). CONCLUSION: Most Patients presented at advanced stages of their diseases. The mean age of patients that received Whole Brain Radiotherapy were in the fifth decade of life. More Females than Males received Whole Brain Radiotherapy.
Evaluation of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the cervix in Nnewi Nigeria: A five year review.
Osakwe CR, Osakwe OJ
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011164
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in developing countries. It is a major cause of cancer related deaths among women in our subregion. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, mode of presen...
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the commonest gynaecological cancer in developing countries. It is a major cause of cancer related deaths among women in our subregion. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, mode of presentation, associated risk factors and management of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the cervix at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi. METHOD: This was a retrospective study of all the cases of histologically confirmed carcinoma of the cervix at the Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, between first of August 2009 and 31st July 2014. Data collected was analysed with SPSS version 20.0 software and presented in tables and charts. RESULTS: Sixty two patients with histological confirmation of cervical cancer were managed in the hospital over a five year period. Forty five of these patients with adequate information in their folders constitute the study group. There was an incidence of 9.2% of all gynaecological admissions. The highest incidence(31.2%) was found in age group 50-59 years. CONCLUSION: The incidence of cervical cancer is very high in our environment. Majority of the presentations were at the advanced stage of the disease.
Orofacial Cancer, An Emerging Menace with a Changing Trend.
Okechi Uchenna C, Olowu B
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 30011163
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Histopathology practice and training in Nigeria – a model.
Sabageh D, Daramola AO, Rotimi O
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944320
OBJECTIVES: Contemporary histopathology practice and training in Nigeria have been plagued by the fundamental issue of inadequate exposure to surgical pathology material by both trainees and trainers. This paper critical...
OBJECTIVES: Contemporary histopathology practice and training in Nigeria have been plagued by the fundamental issue of inadequate exposure to surgical pathology material by both trainees and trainers. This paper critically examines the factors that affect the discipline and profers practical solutions to aid its advancement. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This review is based on the authors experience and observations of histopathology practice in Nigeria. RESULTS: The Nigerian health sector is plagued by many ills including poor funding, weak policies, dilapidated structures, disgruntled and frustrated practitioners, amongst others - and pathologists are not immune to all these. In recent times, there has been a proliferation of accredited training centres as well as medical graduates interested in the specialty of histopathology. The busiest histopathology laboratories in the country ascession between 2200 and 5500 surgical samples yearly. Thus there is inadequate exposure by histopathologists and trainee pathologists to surgical materials with the attendant consequences. Many centres still rely principally on routine haematoxylineosin stains. There are no nationally agreed standard reporting formats for most diseases. CONCLUSION: The development of a deanery or regional system of accredited histopathology laboratories may form the fulcrum for improving the overall quality of histopathological services and training in Nigeria. This will help develop local expertise and ensure adequate exposure to teaching aids and surgical materials. We hope that the proffered solutions will help encourage local pathologists to continue and increase their efforts to raise the profession up to enviable heights.
Anomalous renal artery is potential cause of resistant hypertension in a 53 year old patient: case report.
Busari AA, Bello BT
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944319
BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant hypertension can be attributable to secondary hypertension and other causes. Anomalous renal artery is uncommon but can be a potential cause of resistant hypertension. CASE REPORT: We highlight...
BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant hypertension can be attributable to secondary hypertension and other causes. Anomalous renal artery is uncommon but can be a potential cause of resistant hypertension. CASE REPORT: We highlight the challenges in management of resistant hypertension and describe its unusual association with renal artery anomaly in 53 years old man who was referred to our nephrology clinic from a peripheral general hospital on account of poorly controlled hypertension. At presentation, BP was severely elevated at 208/100mmHg but no remarkable findings in the rest of the examination. Several investigations done including abdominal ultrasound scan and Computerised Tomography (CT) Renal angiogram revealed a Left anomalous renal artery. Patient declined all suggested urologic interventions and he was then managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: We found that anomalous renal arteries can be a potential cause of resistant hypertension. We therefore recommend ultrasound scan of the abdomen as a screening modality due to its being non-invasive.
Percutanous vertebroplasty for vertebral compression fracture in geriatric patients; a report of two cases.
Diamond TE, Ogbu V, Ekwe K … +2 more , Ogedegbe F, Salawu S
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944318
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Dentine hypersensitivity: real or imagined.
Gbadebo SO, Lawal FB, Arowojolu MO
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944317
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Prevalence of sickle cell gene among apparently healthy under-two south-east Nigerian children: what is the role of parental premarital counselling and socio-demographic characteristics? A pilot study.
Okocha C, Onubogu CU, Aneke J … +4 more , Onah C, Ajuba I, Ibeh N, Egbuonu I
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944316
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Effect of education and training on patient referral by public primary health care workers in Mushin Local Government Area to State General Hospitals.
Labrian A, Onajole B, Adebayo O … +5 more , Obi I, Okojie PW, Okupon R, Olukoya E, Omoruyi L
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944315
BACKGROUND: Poor referral linkages had been noted and documented by various researchers on the health care delivery system in Nigeria. This study is designed to find out the situation of referral practices and make recom...
BACKGROUND: Poor referral linkages had been noted and documented by various researchers on the health care delivery system in Nigeria. This study is designed to find out the situation of referral practices and make recommendations on how to improve the situation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of health education and training on the Knowledge, attitude and practices of patient referral by primary health care workers in Mushin and Surulere Local Government Areas of Lagos State of Nigeria. A total sample of 170 primary health care workers was involved in the study: 85 in each of the Local Government Areas. The study involved three stages, the pre-intervention, the intervention phase, and a post intervention phase of the study. RESULTS: Analysis of the responses of the two groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the responses in the areas concerning their attitude towards, and knowledge of patient referral at the pre-intervention phase. In the post-intervention phase the differences in the responses between the two groups in the area of practice of patient referral were statistically significant. In the control group 18.8% of the workers used the two-way referral form in the pre-intervention phase. This rose to 27.1% in the post intervention phase. In the experimental group, 17.5% used the two-way referral form in the pre-intervention phase, and this rose to 69.4% in the post intervention phase. CONCLUSION: The conclusion was that education and training on patient referral could improve the patient referral activities of primary health care workers.
An evaluation of intra-operative and post-operative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty at the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Lagos.
Ugbeye ME, Lawal WO, Ayodabo OJ … +3 more , Adadevoh IP, Akpan IJ, Nwose U
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944314
BACKGROUND: Total knee replacement is a rewarding and reliable procedure, producing a lasting relief to severe knee pains. However, significant blood loss usually in the post-operative period may be a challenge, necessit...
BACKGROUND: Total knee replacement is a rewarding and reliable procedure, producing a lasting relief to severe knee pains. However, significant blood loss usually in the post-operative period may be a challenge, necessitating prompt restoration of circulating blood volume to minimize morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood loss after total knee replacement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of blood loss after Total Knee Arthroplasty in 53 patients in the National Orthopaedic Hospital, Lagos. Consecutive patients with established indications, presenting for total knee arthroplasty were recruited into the study after obtaining their consent. RESULTS: The mean intra-operative blood loss was 342.4 mls, with a range of 50 - 1500 mls. The mean post-operative blood loss and total blood loss were 603.6 mls and 940.3 mls respectively, showing a strong positive correlation (r = 0.884, p < 0.01). The average pre-operative and post-operative haemoglobin concentration were 12.5 ± 1.2 g/dl and 9.8 ± 0.9 g/dl, respectively. The mean haemoglobin loss was 2.6 ± 1.2 g/dl (r = 0.46, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Post-operative blood loss as measured by suction drainage, is a good predictor of total blood loss, showing a strong and positive correlation.
FEV1, FVC, FEV1 /FVVC as predictors of rhinitis among saw mill workers in north central Nigeria.
Dunga JA, Alkali NH, Adamu YM … +4 more , Bathna S, Suleiman Y, Ukoli C, Musa JJ
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944313
BACKGROUND: Rhinitis is one of the commonest occupational related respiratory disorders that is only restricted to the upper airway but can involve the lower respiratory tract with considerable airflow limitation, this s...
BACKGROUND: Rhinitis is one of the commonest occupational related respiratory disorders that is only restricted to the upper airway but can involve the lower respiratory tract with considerable airflow limitation, this study was conducted assess the ventilator function of persons exposed to saw dust with rhinitis symptoms. METHODS: This is a cross sectional study carried out among 200 randomly selected saw mill workers and 200 healthy staff of Jos University Teaching Hospital staff in Jos metropolis from September to November 2008. Data on sociodemographic variables, symptoms of rhinitis, etc was obtained using a modified semi structured British medical research council questionnaire while respiratory function data was measured using a spirometry. RESULT: A total of 400 responds comprising of 200 saw mill workers and 200 controls participated in this study. Based on diagnostic criteria. 43% of the subjects fit into diagnosis of rhinitis, 33% had asthma symptoms and 24 % did not fit into any category compared to none of < 5% of the control group. The ventilatory function based on FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio and PEFR showed a significant decline when matched with controls and predicted value, suggesting an airflow limitation among the rhinitis group. CONCLUSION: Rhinitis associated with wood dust exposure is not restricted to airway but involves the entire respiratory tract with airflow limitation as one of its consequences.
Clinical practitioners' knowledge of ionizing radiation doses in diagnostic radiology examinations in Calabar.
Egbe NO, Eduwem DU, Ukweh OE … +1 more , Odumegwu CH
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944312
BACKGROUND: Observation has shown a preponderance of irrelevant, unjustified and perhaps unnecessary radiological requests in the study area. The consequences of this on the patients' doses and population collective dose...
BACKGROUND: Observation has shown a preponderance of irrelevant, unjustified and perhaps unnecessary radiological requests in the study area. The consequences of this on the patients' doses and population collective dose may be dire. OBJECTIVE: To assess Clinicians/Referrers' knowledge of radiation doses of patients undergoing radiological examinations. METHODOLOGY: A prospective, non-experimental, cross-sectional survey of clinicians (except radiologists) in various hospitals in Calabar metropolis, Cross River State, Nigeria, was conducted. A pretested and validated questionnaire was designed to extract responses on rating of effective doses for commonly requested imaging examinations, using the value for the posterior-anterior (PA) chest x-ray as reference. Questions on radiosensitivity of different organs, imaging modalities that use ionizing radiation and considerations for the choice of ionizing radiation (IR) based examinations were included. Participants were also asked for their preferred methods of filling any knowledge gap on IR issues. Responses were presented in simple percentages. RESULTS: A total of 104 respondents, made up of 63.5% males and 36.5% females participated in the study. At least 70% and 42% of the respondents, respectively, were aware that Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging were not IR based modalities. About 67.3% of the respondents did not know the doses of commonly requested radiological examinations. This result was not dependent on clinicians' demography. A total of 61.5% of the respondents referred patients for IR examinations even when the result was unlikely to alter their diagnosis or treatment; but to reassure the patient (98.8% ), meet expectations of patients (35%) or to give the patient the feeling of being taken seriously (75%). CONCLUSION: Participating Clinicians in this study have showed poor knowledge of radiation doses of commonly requested radiological examinations. Most participants suggested improvement of their knowledge of radiation doses through continuous medical education and by the provision of referral guidelines.
Complications following nasotracheal intubation using cuffed polyvinyl chloride tube: a prospective cross sectional study.
Onyekwulu FA, Nwosu JN, Uguru CC
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944311
BACKGROUND: To examine the complications following nasotracheal intubation by documenting the nasal traumas observed with the use of untreated cuffed polyvinyl chloride tube in unprepared nostrils. METHODS: Patients who...
BACKGROUND: To examine the complications following nasotracheal intubation by documenting the nasal traumas observed with the use of untreated cuffed polyvinyl chloride tube in unprepared nostrils. METHODS: Patients who had maxillofacial surgeries under general anesthesia, muscle relaxation and nasotracheal intubation were included in the study. Nasotracheal intubation was carried out after induction of anesthesia was effected with intravenous propofol and suxamethonium by an Anesthetist using well lubricated cuffed polyvinyl chloride tube. Sizes 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0mm were inserted in females while sizes 7.0 and 7.5mm were inserted in males. Occasionally, the natural curve of the tube guides it through the cords without the aid of Magill forceps. Anterior rhinoscopy was performed by otolaryngologist 24 hours after surgery. Results were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Sixty four patients were included in the study. They were between the ages of 21 and 63 years (mean 33.2 ± 14.1 years); they were 39 males and 25 females. The most frequently used nasotracheal tube (NT) was size 7.0mm internal diameter. Epistaxis was noticed in 52 (81.2%) patients. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of epistaxis observed in males and females, and also between right and left nostrils. A total of 46.8% of nasal trauma were inferior turbinate trauma involving the inferior medial aspect. CONCLUSION: The use of untreated cuffed polyvinyl chloride tube for nasotracheal intubation in unprepared nostrils is associated with a high incidence of epistaxis and nasal trauma.
Mentorship in orthopaedic and trauma residency training programme in Nigeria: the residents' perspective.
Akinmokun OI, Akinsulire AT, Odugbemi TO … +2 more , Odogwu KC, Giwa SO
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944310
BACKGROUND: Mentorship is important in residency training as it is necessary for personal and professional development of the resident trainees. OBJECTIVES: This study documents mentorship in orthopaedic residency traini...
BACKGROUND: Mentorship is important in residency training as it is necessary for personal and professional development of the resident trainees. OBJECTIVES: This study documents mentorship in orthopaedic residency training programme in Nigeria by assessing the awareness of orthopaedic residents on the role of a mentor, willingness to be mentored and their perceived reasons for the possible lack of mentors/ participation of senior colleagues in a mentorship programme. METHOD: This was a descriptive cross sectional study of 37 orthopaedic residents attending a revision course of the Faculty of Orthopaedics, National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria. Self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the respondent was 34.7 ± 4.7 years. The Male: Female ratio was 19:1. The average number of years already spent in the residency programme by the respondents was 2.8 ± 0.9 years. Only 27% of residents had participated in a mentorship programme since they began residency programme but only half were still being mentored at the time of the study. Sixty-five percent reported no formal mentorship programme in their institutions. However, 73% of the respondents would want a formal mentorship programme in their institution. Ninety percent of the respondents desired to be mentored. CONCLUSION: Most residents are willing to be mentored. Consultants and trainers should ensure that the trainees are mentored.
Prevalence and determinants of glucose intolerance among HIV/AIDS patients in north-central Nigeria.
Reng SR, Uloko EA, Puepet HF … +2 more , Onwuegbuzie AG, Ramalan AM
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944309
BACKGROUND: The advent of potent antiviral drugs has revolutionalised the clinical course of HIV / AIDS resulting in increased survival and improved quality of life. Metabolic derangements in HIV infected patients are be...
BACKGROUND: The advent of potent antiviral drugs has revolutionalised the clinical course of HIV / AIDS resulting in increased survival and improved quality of life. Metabolic derangements in HIV infected patients are becoming more common probably due to this increased survival from the use of HAART. There is limited data on the occurrence of glucose intolerance among HIV patients in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated risk factors in HIV/AIDS patients. RESULTS: Of the 584 patients studied, 384 (130 males and 251 females) with mean±SD age of 38±15 years were HAARTtreated; while 200 (61 males and 139 females) with mean±SD age of 33±17 years were HAART-naive. Overall, the prevalence of GI was 40.4% (IFG) 19.5%, IGT 11.5% and DM 9.4%. The prevalence of IFG (27.1%) and DM (11.2%) in HAART - treated patients were observed and those in HAART-naive patients were (IFG 5.0%,DM 6.0%), p<0.005. IGT was more prevalent in HAART-naive than in HAART-treated patients (19.5%, and 7.3% respectively), p<0.05. The proportions of patients with GI were higher in overweight and obese HAART-treated patients with moderate CD4 cell count (200-500 x106 cell/L); while in the HAART-naive patients, GI was more prevalent in underweight subjects with CD4 cell count (<200 x 106 cell/L). The Determinants of GI were age, increasing BMI, low CD4 cell count, metabolic syndrome and HAART treatment duration. The independent predictors of glucose intolerance in HIV / AIDS patients were low CD4 cell count and prolonged HAART treatment duration. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of GI among HIV/AIDS patients in North-Central Nigeria is high. Treatment with HAART and low CD4 cell count are strong determinants of glucose intolerance in our HIV / AIDS patients. Regular screening for glucose intolerance among our HIV / AIDS patients is recommended.
Monthly sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine combination versus daily proguanil for malaria chemoprophylaxis in sickle cell disease: a randomized controlled study at the Jos University Teaching Hospital.
Dawam JA, Madaki JKA, Gambazai AA … +4 more , Okpe ES, Lar-ndam N, Onu A, Gyang M
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944308
BACKGROUND: Malaria carries a high case fatality among patients with sickle cell disease. In Jos University Teaching Hospital, at the time of this study, the use of Proguanil was the acceptable mode of chemoprophylaxis f...
BACKGROUND: Malaria carries a high case fatality among patients with sickle cell disease. In Jos University Teaching Hospital, at the time of this study, the use of Proguanil was the acceptable mode of chemoprophylaxis for preventing malaria in these patients. Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) with Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine [SP] has shown great potential for reducing the prevalence of malaria and anaemia among pregnant women, infants and travellers. We hypothesised that monthly SP was superior to daily Proguanil in reducing malaria parasitaemia, clinical malaria attacks and sickle cell crises in such patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and affordability of monthly SP versus daily Proguanil for malaria chemoprophylaxis in patients attending Sickle Cell Clinic at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria. METHODS: One hundred and fifty four patients [114 children and 40 adults] with Sickle Cell Disease in their steady state were randomized to monthly SP or daily Proguanil for malaria chemoprophylaxis. Active detection of malaria parasite in the peripheral blood and packed cell volumes were done at each monthly visit to the clinic over a period of three months. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients with malaria parasite in the peripheral blood at the end of 3 months. The secondary outcome measures included episodes of clinical malaria attacks, frequency and type of sickle cell crises and adverse effects of the medication. RESULTS: Ninety four percent [72/77] of patients in the SP group and 91% [70/77] in the Proguanil group respectively completed three months of follow up. SP reduced the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia by 25% [(14%) 10/72] compared to 6.4% [(30%) 21/70] in the proguanil group. [X2 54; p = 0.01]. Seventeen percent [12/72] of the patients receiving monthly SP had malaria attacks compared to 57% [40/70] on prophylaxis with Proguanil. [X2 =25; p< 0.0003]. Thirty three percent [24/72] of the patients receiving SP had at least an episode of bone pain crises compared to 69% [48/70] of the patients receiving Proguanil. [X2 =17.6; p<0.0001]. SP was 8 times cheaper than Proguanil. CONCLUSION: Monthly chemoprophylaxis with SP was more efficacious than daily Proguanil in reducing the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia, clinical malaria attack and sickle cell crises in patients with sickle cell disease. SP was 8 times cheaper than Proguanil. No significant side effect was recorded in both groups. The current practice of routinely prescribing daily Proguanil to SCD patients for malaria chemoprophylaxis needs to be reviewed.
Malaria parasitaemia among febrile under-five children at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, South-East, Nigeria.
Ezedudu CE, Ebenebe JC, Chukwuka JO … +3 more , Ugochukwu EF, Amilo GI, Okorie OI
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944307
BACKGROUND: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. It continues to be a global challenge with about half of the world's population bein...
BACKGROUND: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito. It continues to be a global challenge with about half of the world's population being at risk of the disease and under–5 children being the most vulnerable. AIMS AND OBEJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia and some associated symptoms among febrile under-five children presenting at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 children under the age of five years were recruited for the study. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and symptoms were collected through interviewer administered questionnaire. They were physically examine and blood sample was collected from each of them. The Blood smear was Giemsa stained and examined microscopically for malaria parasite. RESULT: There were 118 males and 82 females, giving a male: female ratio of 1.44:1. Their ages ranged from 3-59 months and the average age was 27+17.49 months. Those in the age range of 12-23 months and 24-35 months constitute the highest number (23%) each. Forty-seven (23.5%) came from the rural area while 153(76.5%) came from the urban area. Average number of days the subjects had fever before presentation were 3.78+1.95 days with a range of 1-30 0 days. Body temperature ranged from 35.9-40.4 C with average of 37.7+0.8oC. Forty (20%) were positive to microscopy. Those in the age range of 47-59 months have the highest prevalence of malaria. Parasite density ranged from 40-136,000/μL with a mean of 18,687.2+3360/μL. All the children who are positive by microcopy had Plasmodium falciparium as the specie causing malaria. CONCLUSION: Malaria parasitaemia among these under-5 children is 20%.
Intervertebral disc herniation: prevalence and association with clinical diagnosis.
Ay-Offor OD, Wachukwu CM, Onubiyi CCB
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29944306
BACKGROUND: Low back pain is one of the common health problems encountered in life with intervertebral disc herniation being a common cause of its occurrence. Magnetic resonance imaging has emerged the gold standard for...
BACKGROUND: Low back pain is one of the common health problems encountered in life with intervertebral disc herniation being a common cause of its occurrence. Magnetic resonance imaging has emerged the gold standard for diagnosing a herniated disc. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and pattern of occurrence of disc herniation as well as evaluate the association of disc herniation on magnetic resonance imaging with clinical symptoms. METHOD: A total of 120 adult patients who came for magnetic resonance imaging scan of the lumbosacral spine for a period of 1year in the department of Radiology University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital. The end plates of 600 lumbar interspaces were graded for type, size and site of lumbar disc herniation. RESULTS: The age distribution of patients was from 18-80 years; mean age was 51.0.
Signet ring lymphoma: The import of immunohistochemistry in resolving diagnostic dilemmas.
Mandong BM, Adelusola KA, Silas OA … +2 more , Sule AZ, Ajetunmobi OI
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963840
Signet ring cell lymphomas are a rare subtype of non Hodgkin lymphoma characterised by malignant lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic inclusions that displace the nucleus and imparts a “signet ring” appearance. This poses a d...
Signet ring cell lymphomas are a rare subtype of non Hodgkin lymphoma characterised by malignant lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic inclusions that displace the nucleus and imparts a “signet ring” appearance. This poses a diagnostic challenge as it can be mistaken for an adenocarcinoma or any other epithelial malignancy. A 54yr old male presented with a 6month history of generalised lymphadenopathy. Examination of excision biopsy of the lymph nodes show effacement of architecture by sheets neoplastic cells with abundant cytoplasm distended by eosinophilic amorphous substances. Immunohistochemistry with a panel of three monoclonal antibodies [LCA, CD20, and CD3] confirmed these cells to be of lymphoid origin.
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