Nigerian Journal Of Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Hypereosinophilic syndrome with severe hypokalaemia in a Nigerian woman: A case report.
Alagbe AE, Akunwata CU, Ogundeji SP … +2 more , Aworanti OW, Kotila TR
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963838
INTRODUCTION: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder. It is defined as eosinophilia of greater than1.5x109 /L persisting for at least 6 months or death before 6 months without an identifiable cause and with...
INTRODUCTION: Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder. It is defined as eosinophilia of greater than1.5x109 /L persisting for at least 6 months or death before 6 months without an identifiable cause and with eosinophil-mediated organ dysfunction. We present a rare case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with severe hypokalaemia in a Nigerian female patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 43year old food vendor referred to the Haematology Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan on account of a 6-week history of cough productive of mucoid, brownish, foul smelling sputum with associated breathlessness, high grade intermittent fever, and intense pruritus. She had accompanying non-projectile,non-bloody vomiting of recently ingested meals. There was absolute eosinophilia of 83x109/L and bone marrow cytology revealed marked eosinophilia with blasts of less than 5%. She also had asymptomatic severe hypokalaemia (1.9mmol/l) likely due to vomiting and reduced dietary intake. The aetiology of the hypereosinophilia could not be ascertained.She was admitted and commenced on intranasal oxygen, Tabs Loratidine, intravenous hydration.The severe hypokalaemia was corrected with IV KCL over 48hours followed with the administration of slow K tablets 600mg tds. She also had tabs Hydroxyurea for cytoreduction and Allopurinol to prevent hyperuricaemia. She improved with the above line of management. CONCLUSION: This appears to be the first reported case of HES with asymptomatic severe hypokalaemia in the literature. Being a rare disorder it could easily have been missed without a review of the peripheral blood film and marrow aspirate. This finding suggests a possible relationship between hypereosinophilia and hypokalemia which needs to be explored.
Bladder calculus resulting from an intravesical translocation of intrauterine contraceptive device in a postmenopausal woman.
Bashir BM, Atobatele MO, Illo HG
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963836
Although perforation of the uterus by an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is commonly encountered, intravesical translocation and secondary calculus formation is a very rare complication. We report a case of a 60...
Although perforation of the uterus by an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is commonly encountered, intravesical translocation and secondary calculus formation is a very rare complication. We report a case of a 60-year old multiparous woman in whom an intrauterine contraceptive Copper-T device inserted 12 years earlier translocated from the uterus to the bladder and resulted in formation of a calculus. Diagnosis was established with pelvic ultrasonography and plain abdominal radiograph. The cystoscopic removal was not successful due to the large size of the calculus. The patient later underwent cystolithotomy. Sonographic follow-up immediately after the insertion and at six month intervals will go a long way in early detection of any possible complications.
Sclerosing mesenteritis: A case of acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction.
Madubogwu CI, Okani CO
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963834
Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare idiopathic disorder characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the bowel mesentery. It may be asymptomatic but it commonly presents with abdo...
Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare idiopathic disorder characterized by chronic non-specific inflammation involving the adipose tissue of the bowel mesentery. It may be asymptomatic but it commonly presents with abdominal pain. Some individuals may have a palpable abdominal mass and affected individuals may develop small bowel obstruction or acute abdomen. We report a case of 27-year old man who presented to the Surgery Department at Chukwuemeka Odimegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Amaku Awka, Anambra State with acute abdomen and intestinal obstruction. He subsequently, had a surgical resection, which was histologically confirmed as a sclerosing mesenteritis. Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare disorder and this is the first case being reported in the literature from South-East, Nigeria.It is therefore, important to alert physicians, more especially the surgeons on the need to have a high index of suspicion in every case of intestinal obstruction.
Assessment of knowledge and sexual behaviour among undergraduates in a Nigerian tertiary institution.
Osagiede EF, Tobin E, Abah SO … +2 more , Awunor NS, Ehimen FA
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963829
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: The achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly goals 5 and 6, is strongly underpinned by the progress that can be made on sexual and reproductive health education of...
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION: The achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), particularly goals 5 and 6, is strongly underpinned by the progress that can be made on sexual and reproductive health education of young adults. The large population of young single adults in tertiary institutions in Nigeria and the present dearth of human resources for health necessitates that interventions for this group of individuals are tailored to meet identified gaps in awareness and sexual behaviour. This study sets out to assess the sexual behaviour and practice among single-undergraduates in a tertiary institution in Nigeria. METHOD: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 410 consenting students selected through a multistage sampling method. Data was collected using a structured self- administered questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions (SPSS) version 16.0. RESULTS: Mean age of respondents was 20 + 4.4 years, 228 (55.6%) were females and 182 (44.4%) males. The respondents' awareness of contraceptive devices was 81.7% (335) for condoms and less than 20% knew about other forms of contraception such as intrauterine device, tubal ligation and vasectomy. Over 65.7% (270) opined abstinence and use of condom to be the ideal methods for prevention of HIV/AIDS/ STI transmission. The overall mean age at first sexual contact was 14.0+1.4((14.2+1.6) in males and (13.8 +1.2) in females). A Very high proportion of sexually active respondents (93.6%) volunteered they do not routinely use condom in their sexual encounter. Undesired pregnancies occurred in about 11% of females. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is an urgent need for the establishment of specially designated youth friendly centres in the tertiary institutions in the country, manned with staff appropriately trained in the delivery of reproductive health information and services.
Pattern of prostate cancer among a Nigerian population: A study in a single tertiary care centre.
Adewumi AO, Anthonia SC, Alabi AS … +2 more , Amina FO, Kingsley KK
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963824
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer has become a global health challenge because of its rising morbidity and mortality in males. It is the second cause of cancer death following lung cancer in men. It is rare under the age of 40...
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer has become a global health challenge because of its rising morbidity and mortality in males. It is the second cause of cancer death following lung cancer in men. It is rare under the age of 40 and its incidence has been shown to increase exponentially with age. Previously, Prostate cancer was thought to be a disease rare in blacks owing to the fact that not so much was known of the disease. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to review the prevalence, pattern of presentation and clinic-pathologic findings of prostate cancer in the Department of Radiotherapy, Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), between January 2001 to December 2010 in comparison to previous and recent studies globally. METHODOLOGY: Data collection for all patients histologically diagnosed with Prostate cancer at the Department of Radiotherapy, LUTH, from 1st of January 2001 to 31st of December 2010 was done. RESULTS: A total of 144 cases with histologically confirmed Prostate cancer seen during the ten year study were analysed. The highest frequency was seen in the year 2010 with 34 cases. The age range was 41 to 81years with a mean of 66.19 ±7.30years.Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological type with 98.6%.9(6.3%) patients had a positive family history of prostate cancer out of which 3(33.3%) had their brother affected the malignancy. 51(35.4%) patients presented with stage IV disease.18(12.5%) patients had a Gleason's score of 6,10(6.9%) patients had a Gleason's score of 7 and 2(1.4%) patients had a Gleason's score of 10. The most common presenting complaints were bone pains seen in 51(35.4%) patients, frequent night urine and difficulty with micturition seen in 50(34.7%) and 42(29.2%) patients respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that prostate cancer is not as rare as it used to be. Reasons attributed to its rarity then were lack of awareness, poor screening facilities and poor diagnosing technique.
Blood pressure indices and disease severity in patients with sickle cell anaemia.
Aneke JC, Adegoke AO, Osho PO … +4 more , Okocha EC, Nancy IC, Akintola NO, Durosinmi MA
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963822
BACKGROUND: Individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) have lower systemic blood pressures compared to individuals with haemoglobin Hb AA phenotype. OBJECTIVE: Seventy-nine (79) individuals with SCA (subjects) in steady...
BACKGROUND: Individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) have lower systemic blood pressures compared to individuals with haemoglobin Hb AA phenotype. OBJECTIVE: Seventy-nine (79) individuals with SCA (subjects) in steady state and 50 age-matched individuals with Hb AA (controls) were prospectively studied. Height, blood pressure (BP), weight, creatinine clearance (by 24-hour urine collection), full blood count (FBC) and reticulocyte count were obtained from all subjects and controls. Body mass index (BMI), corrected reticulocyte count, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated using standard protocols.The frequency of vaso-occlusive crises in the last one year and number of blood transfusions in the last two years were obtained from subjects. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and p ≤0.05 was used to define the level of statistical significance. METHODOLOGY: Seventy-nine (79) individuals with SCA (subjects) in steady state and 50 age-matched individuals with Hb AA (controls) were prospectively studied. Height, blood pressure (BP), weight, creatinine clearance (by 24-hour urine collection), full blood count (FBC) and reticulocyte count were obtained from all subjects and controls. Body mass index (BMI), corrected reticulocyte count, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated using standard protocols.The frequency of vaso-occlusive crises in the last one year and number of blood transfusions in the last two years were obtained from subjects. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and p ≤0.05 was used to define the level of statistical significance. RESULTS: The systolic (105.52±11.75mmHg and 113.20±7.94mmHg respectively; P = 0.01), diastolic (62.59±9.33mmHg and 75.40±5.70mmHg respectively; P=0.03) and mean arterial pressures (76.90±8.81mmHg and 88.00±5.51mmHg respectively; P =0.04) were significantly lower in subjects when compared with controls. ; pulse pressure (PP) was however significantly higher in subjects than controls (42.92±10.91mmHg and 37.80±7.43mmHg respectively (P = 0.03). In female subjects, the white cell count was negatively correlated with systolic BP (r = -0.39;P = 0.01) and PP (r = -0.33; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Lower systolic and pulse pressures may predict worsening disease severity in individuals with sickle cell anaemia.
Overweight and obesity status of school adolescents in Portharcourt, southern Nigeria.
Okagua J, Alex-Hart BA, Jaja TP
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963820
BACKGROUND: Adolescent overweight and obesity has been linked to obesity in adult life, with its associated risks of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Thus, prevention aimed at early screening and surve...
BACKGROUND: Adolescent overweight and obesity has been linked to obesity in adult life, with its associated risks of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Thus, prevention aimed at early screening and surveillance should be the key. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among schooling adolescents in Port Harcourt. MATEIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out on 2,282 secondary school students aged 10–19 years, using a structured questionnaire to obtain data. Weights and height were measured using standard methods. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated from their weights and heights in kg/m.2 The nutritional status of the students was determined using the BMI percentile charts for age and gender as recommended by the World Health Organisation in 2007. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 13.2% and 4.6%.The female subjects had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity (14.6% and 5.2%) than the males (11.4% and 3.8%) and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.041). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight and obese adolescents in Port Harcourt is high. We recommend that health education with emphasis on lifestyle changes and behavioral modification that will promote healthy eating and regular physical activities be inculcated into the curriculum of secondary schools in Nigeria.
Efficacy of peritonsillar infilltration of ketamine, tramadol, and lidocaine for prevention of post tonsillectomy pain.
Sarafraz M, Derakhshandeh V, Nesioonpour S … +1 more , Araghi S
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963818
BACKGROUNDS: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children. Controlling pain after tonsillectomy is still controversial. In this study, the efficacy of peritonsillar injection of lidocaine, tramadol, keta...
BACKGROUNDS: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in children. Controlling pain after tonsillectomy is still controversial. In this study, the efficacy of peritonsillar injection of lidocaine, tramadol, ketamine, and placebo is compared on post tonsillectomy pain. METHODS: In a randomized double-blind clinical trial, 120 patients referring for tonsillectomy to Imam Khomeini hospital in Ahvaz, Iran were recruited into four groups: ketamine, tramadol, lidocaine, and normal saline. One milliliter of medications was injected in each tonsil. Surgery was performed by a surgeon with sharp dissection technique without electrocautery. Pain was recorded 1, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hour(s) after the operation RESULTS: Baseline characteristics such as age, sex, weight, height, and surgery and anesthesia time did not differ significantly among four groups. Pain scores decreased over time in all groups. No significant difference was observed among ketamine, tramadol, lidocaine, and placebo regarding pain quantity, surgery time, the first time of analgesic requirement, hospital stay, and beginning liquid diet. CONCLUSION: Local injection of ketamine, tramadol, and lidocaine were not significantly different from placebo for prevention of pain in the first 24 hours after tonsillectomy.
Effect of education and training on patient referral by public primary health care workers in Mushin Local Government Area to state general hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria.
Labiran A, Onajole B, Adebayo O … +5 more , Obi I, Okojie PW, Okupon R, Olukoya E, Omoruyi L
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963815
BACKGROUND: Poor referral linkages had been noted and documented by various researchers on the health care delivery system in Nigeria. This study is designed to find out the situation of referral practices and make recom...
BACKGROUND: Poor referral linkages had been noted and documented by various researchers on the health care delivery system in Nigeria. This study is designed to find out the situation of referral practices and make recommendations on how to improve the situation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total sample of 170 primary health care workers was involved in the study:85 in each of the Local Government Areas. The study involved three stages, the pre-intervention, the intervention phase, and a post intervention phase of the study. RESULTS: In the post-intervention phase the differences in the responses between the two groups in the area of practice of patient referral were statistically significant. In the control group 18.8% of the workers used the two-way referral form in the pre-intervention phase. This rose to 27.1% in the post intervention phase. In the experimental group, 17.5% used the two-way referral form in the pre intervention phase, and this rose to 69.4% in the post intervention phase. CONCLUSION: The conclusion was that education and training on patient referral could improve the patient referral activities of primary health care workers.
Computerized tomographic pattern of stroke seen in University of Portharcourt Teaching Hospital.
Onubiyi CCB, Nwankwo NC, Ugboma EW … +1 more , Maduforo GOC
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963811
BACKGROUND: Data on Computed tomographic (CT) pattern of stroke abound in literature but they are predominantly from studies done in the Western world. Though most of the reports agree that ischaemic rather than haemorrh...
BACKGROUND: Data on Computed tomographic (CT) pattern of stroke abound in literature but they are predominantly from studies done in the Western world. Though most of the reports agree that ischaemic rather than haemorrhagic stroke is prevalent in most climes,no strictly radiology based study can be quoted in the Port Harcourt area. Thus there is the need for accurate data on stroke pattern in Nigerians of the South-South region. AIMS: This study was done to establish the CT pattern of stroke seen in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and to determine the relationship between the different stroke patterns and age, sex, including time of presentation. METHODOLOGY: A prospective study of 203 subjects with clinical diagnosis of stroke who had CT of the brain performed during a 12month period (November 2012 to November 2013).A 2-slice helical CT was used to obtain images in the axial plane. Images were classified as normal or abnormal scans. Abnormal scans were analyzed as ischaemic infarcts, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), subdural haematoma, abscess, neoplasm, meningitis, and cerebral atrophy. The clinical diagnosis, age, sex and time of presentation of the patients were recorded. Statistical analysis was done with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0.Means were compared using Student's t test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to correlate CT findings with clinical diagnosis ,age, and sex.P values < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The age distribution of the study population ranged from 6-90 years with a mean of 58.3+14.9years. The over 70 age group was most frequent with 24.1% of the subjects. Males were predominant at 51.7% of the sample size. Findings of ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD) were more common than haemorrhagic CVD at 63.2%. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a higher incidence of ischaemic stroke compared to haemorrhagic stroke.
Soil transmitted helminth infection among farmers in Ukwa West Local Government Area, Abia State, south-east, Nigeria.
Douglas KE, Amadi CU
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963798
BACKGROUND: Farmers like most groups of workers are faced with a multiplicity of hazards and biological hazards like Soil Transmitted Helminths - a major Public health problem in the tropical like Nigeria is one of them....
BACKGROUND: Farmers like most groups of workers are faced with a multiplicity of hazards and biological hazards like Soil Transmitted Helminths - a major Public health problem in the tropical like Nigeria is one of them. This study was to determine the prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs) infections among farmers in Ukwa West Local Government Area (LGA) of Abia State, South East Nigeria. METHODS: Following ethical clearance,290 consenting farmers were recruited to participate in this descriptive cross sectional study. They responded to pre-tested, structured, close ended interviewer administered questionnaires which probed socio-demographics,knowledge and behaviour towards STHs. Also, stool and blood samples were collected from participants and examined for helminth ova and estimation of packed cell volume respectively. A Walk Through Survey of the farms for immediate work place situation and safety was carried out. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and analytical tools. RESULTS: There was a 33.1% prevalence of infection with STHs and a 67.6% prevalence of anaemia among respondents. Hookworm had the highest (59.6%) prevalence just as anaemia amongst farmers with STHs was higher than among respondents who were not diagnosed with the disease. Knowledge of STHs and the availability and use of personal protective equipment (PPEs) were poor. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of STHs among farmers in Ukwa West Local Government Area of Abia State, South East Nigeria occasioned inter alia by the behaviour and poor use of PPEs. Health Education, routine de-worming and use of PPEs are recommended.
Awareness and attitude towards HPV and its vaccines among market women in Bodija Market, Ibadan.
Bello OO, Oluwasola TAO, Odukogbe AA
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963796
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer, commonest among cancers of the female genital tract continued to pose major challenge to women of reproductive age in developing countries though infection by its causative agent, human papil...
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer, commonest among cancers of the female genital tract continued to pose major challenge to women of reproductive age in developing countries though infection by its causative agent, human papilloma virus (HPV) is preventable.This study aimed to assess awareness and attitude of market women concerning HPV and its vaccines in prevention of cervical cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study involving 329 market women, using multistage sampling technique. Instrument was an Interviewer--administered questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and awareness of HPV and its vaccine, sexual history and attitude towards HPV vaccines. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 with statistical significance level set at p<0.05. RESULTS: Mean age of respondents was 29.49 ± 3.65 years. All respondents were sexually active with majority (94.8%) having multiple sexual partners. Awareness of HPV vaccine and Pap smear test was among 1.2% and 9.4% respectively. Attitude towards HPV vaccination was good in 304 (92.4%) with 302 (91.8%) willing to take the HPV vaccines. There was significant association between attitude towards HPV vaccine and willingness to take HPV vaccine x2=111.8, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of HPV and its vaccines is low among market women in our community. Policies and actions to step up information dissemination are urgently needed in order to stem the scourge of cervical cancer in our society.
Microbiological profile of chronic suppurative otits media among HIV infected children in South Eastern Nigeria.
Ofogbu CV, Orji FT, Ezeanolue BC … +1 more , Emodi I
Niger J Med · 2016 · PMID 29963795
BACKGROUND: Immune compromised HIV/AIDS infected children have consistently shown a higher prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media than their immune competent counterparts.This study aimed to compare the microbial...
BACKGROUND: Immune compromised HIV/AIDS infected children have consistently shown a higher prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media than their immune competent counterparts.This study aimed to compare the microbial isolates from ear discharges in HIV infected and non infected children. METHOD: This was a Hospital based prospective cohort study designed to determine the relative prevalence of the common organisms present in chronically discharging ears of HIV infected children and their antimicrobial sensitivities and compare that of age and sex matched non HIV infected children. Fifty HIV infected children being followed up at the paediatric HIV clinic of a tertiary health facility, had ear swabs obtained for culture and antimicrobial sensitivity.The same was done for another cohort of fifty age and sex matched non HIV infected children. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population and controls were 6years 11months (SD 0.96) and 7years 11 months (SD 1.00) respectively. Male to female ratio for each group was 1:1.Ear discharge was bilateral in 27(54%) HIV infected children and in 35(70%) of the controls. The most prevalent bacterial isolate in both groups was Pseudomonas aeruginosa though it was more prevalent in HIV infected children(P=0.005). Fungal isolates were commoner in non HIV infected children(P=0.001).Ninety percent sensitivity to the 4 Quinolones was recorded by isolates in HIV infected children while sensitivity to the Aminoglycosides was greater in non HIV infected children CONCLUSION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant organism isolated from HIV infected children with chronic otitis media.Fungal isolates are less frequently encountered in ear discharges of HIV infected children. The 4 Quinolones are the drugs of choice in treatment of Chronic suppurative otitis media in HIV infected children.
A CASE OF PICA FOLLOWING A PARAMILITARY PRE-EMPLOYMENT ORIENTATION CAMP.
Ogundeji SP, Akunwata C, Aworanti O … +1 more , Aken'Ova YA
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353432
BACKGROUND: Pica is an unusual craving for and ingestion of either edible or inedible substances first observed in pregnant women but has been reported in all groups of people. Pica poses a significant health risk that o...
BACKGROUND: Pica is an unusual craving for and ingestion of either edible or inedible substances first observed in pregnant women but has been reported in all groups of people. Pica poses a significant health risk that often requires medical attention but the awareness of pica among physicians seems to be have reduced. METHOD: We report a case study of a young lady who presented with anaemia (pcv = 21%) and craving for sand. Laboratory investigations carried outwere in keepingwith iron deficiency anaemia. CONCLUSION: It is therefore postulated that pica may actually be a sign of iron deficiency anaemia.
PERSISTENT CATATONIA IN A PREGNANT NIGERIAN WOMAN: A CASE REPORT.
Aghukwa NC, Takai MG
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353431
BACKGROUND: The syndrome of catatonia appears to exist with many conditions, yet goes undetected by the skillful eyes of clinicians. This case which is rarely reported in literatures shows the effectiveness of antipsycho...
BACKGROUND: The syndrome of catatonia appears to exist with many conditions, yet goes undetected by the skillful eyes of clinicians. This case which is rarely reported in literatures shows the effectiveness of antipsychotic augmenting in a persistent catatonic schizophrenia disorder. METHOD: This is a case narration of persistent catatonia in a 24-years old pregnant Nigerian woman with schizophrenia disorder. RESULTS: First line management with benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) failed to resolve the syndrome which later responded to Electroconvulsive Therapy with low dose antipsychotic augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: Cautious augmenting of electroconvulsive therapy with neuroleptics may be a quick and relatively safe procedure in the relief of schizophrenia with catatonia in pregnancy.
OTOLOGIC FOREIGN BODY: AN UNDECLARED AND UNUSUAL IMPACTION.
Adedeji TO, Tobih JE, Bello AA
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353430
BACKGROUND: This study reports two cases of undeclared and unusual foreign body (FB) impaction in the ears of Nigerian adult patients that were accidentally discovered and successfully managed. AIM: The report aims to cr...
BACKGROUND: This study reports two cases of undeclared and unusual foreign body (FB) impaction in the ears of Nigerian adult patients that were accidentally discovered and successfully managed. AIM: The report aims to create awareness, and encourage Otorhinolaryngologist to have proper otoscopy done for all patients with suspected ear FB and double check again following FBs removal. CONCLUSION It has recommended a need for an increased public enlightenment to raise awareness about the danger of cleaning the ears with cotton swab or other sharp materials.
RETROSPECTIONS ON ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES AS A SOCIAL BURDEN: THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH EDUCATION INITIATIVES IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY.
Maduakonam DE, Miriam DU, Arthur N
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353429
BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries are a major cause of trauma related morbidity and mortality in our modern society. They have since been recognized as disease entities on their own, as well as a societal problem of seri...
BACKGROUND: Road traffic injuries are a major cause of trauma related morbidity and mortality in our modern society. They have since been recognized as disease entities on their own, as well as a societal problem of serious public health concern. AIM: The aim of this review article is to promote the understanding of road traffic injuries as both a social burden and a disease entity and to highlight suggested measures capable of curtailing the menace that these injuries pose to human population. METHOD: A review of the literature on the subject of road traffic injuries as both a social problem and disease entity was done. Historical perspectives, epidemiological information, causative factors and preventive measures were extracted and presented. RESULT: Human factors contribute to 95% of road traffic accident. Current deaths from road traffic injuries account for 2.2% of the global mortality affecting all age groups. Health education and enforcement of legislation are key measures in combating road traffic injuries.
EVALUATION OF MALE SEX HORMONES AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN MALE TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS ATTENDING NNAMDI AZIKIWE UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITAL DIABETIC CLINICS.
Ubajaka CF, Meludu SC, Dioka CE … +7 more , Onah CE, Osuji CU, Modebe IA, Ifeadike GC, Okwara JE, Amah UK, Nnebue CC
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353428
BACKGROUND: There is accumulating evidence that the metabolism of male sex hormones and several trace elements are altered in type 2 diabetic mellitus and may have specific role in the pathogenesis and progression of the...
BACKGROUND: There is accumulating evidence that the metabolism of male sex hormones and several trace elements are altered in type 2 diabetic mellitus and may have specific role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. AIM: To assess the levels of male sex hormones and trace elements in type 2 diabetic patients and to ascertain an association between male sex hormones and trace elements among diabetic subjects. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 125 diabetic and 50 non diabetic subjects. Venous blood samples were collected from all respondents and estimated for fasting blood glucose, male sex hormones and trace elements. The results were subjected to statistical analysis and comparison using Students' test and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: The mean testosterone level was significantly lower in diabetics than in controls (3.9 ± 1.9ng/ml) in comparison with (5.1 ± 1.7ng/ml; P < 0.05). The mean value of Zinc, Manganese, Selenium and Chromium were significantly lower among the diabetics when compared with the controls (Zn;898.7 ± 131.0 μg/l; Mn:0.30 ± 0.06 μg/l;Se:51.3 ± 11.1 μg/l; Cr: 0.04 ± 0.03 μg/I) in comparison with (Zn: 1007.3 ± 85.2 μg/l; Mn: 0.05 ± 0.07μg/l; Se: 62.1 ± 11.1 μg/l; Cr: 0.06 ± 0.01 μg/l; P < 0.05).The mean Fasting Blood Glucose in diabetic subjects was significantly higher when compared with the controls (7.9 ± 3.7 mmol/l) in comparison with (4.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l; P < 0.05).The trace elements showed a positive correlation with testosterone in diabetic subjects (Zn r = 0.359, Ser = 0.443, Mn r = 0.350, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study observed decreased levels of testosterone and trace elements in type 2 diabetics and a positive correlation between low testosterone and low trace elements levels in diabetic subjects. These trace elements are antioxidants and their low levels in diabetic patients may further increase the severity of the disease.
TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL IN SECURITY CHALLENGED STATES OF NORTH-EAST NIGERIA. ARE THERE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT?
Gidado M, Obasanya JO, Onazi J … +5 more , Eneogu R, Chukwueme N, Joseph K, Useni S, Adejumo AO
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353427
BACKGROUND: Nigeria in the past few years is faced with various security challenges in different parts of the country. The most severe in the last three years has been the crisis in northern Nigeria and specifically the...
BACKGROUND: Nigeria in the past few years is faced with various security challenges in different parts of the country. The most severe in the last three years has been the crisis in northern Nigeria and specifically the north-eastern States, where three of the States have been under emergency rule for a year. Health care delivery system is usually one of the major casualties in a security challenged environment leading to unavailability or low utilization of services.The aim of this paper is to share the experience of TB services in states under emergency rule. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective review of program data (reportable indicators for TB case finding,TB/HIV and treatment outcome for periods of eight years (2006-2013) comparing national data with north-east and the three states most affected by security challenges (Borno, Adamawa & Yobe). RESULTS: A national positive trend on case notification for all forms of TB and smear positive, with a declined in 2011 but generally the case notification has remain low (59/100,000 in 2013 compared to estimated prevalence of 338/100,000). North east data is a negative trend for case notification and this is worse for 2 states (Borno and Yobe) while Adamawa shows and increase CNR from 2012 because of TB Reach active case, finding. Treatment success rate has a positive trend both national, north east states and in the 3 challenged states (TSR above 84%). TB/HIV indicators for north east are 81%, 75%, and 58% for HCT CPT and ART respectively, these figures has serious fluctuations within and among the three security challenged states with Borno most affected. CONCLUSIONS: Insecurity can pose a challenge for TB control activities especially case finding, therefore the need for innovative approaches for case finding in areas of insecurity. Chronic infectious diseases like TB and HIV should be incorporated into emergency responses offered by organisations and agencies for internally displaced persons.
MESENCHYMAL TUMOURS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT: THE IMPORTANCE AND USE OF IMMUNHISTOCHEMISTRY IN CHARACTERIZING SPECIFIC TUMOUR ENTITIES.
Ogun GO
Niger J Med · 2015 · PMID 26353426
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal Gastrointestinal (GI) tumours are heterogenous group of tumours. Prior to 2005, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was not used in diagnostic pathology to characterize these tumours at our centre. OBJECTI...
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal Gastrointestinal (GI) tumours are heterogenous group of tumours. Prior to 2005, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was not used in diagnostic pathology to characterize these tumours at our centre. OBJECTIVES: To subclassify mesenchymal tumours in the GI tract and related locations into Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and non-GIST tumours using specific IHC antibody markers. METHODS: Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded tumour tissue over the period 1991- 2004 were retrieved, from the files and records of the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Haematoxylin and Eosin slides of such cases were reviewed. The IHC expressions of c-Kit, CD 34, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and S-100 were evaluated in these tumours. RESULTS: Based on morphology and IHC staining pattern, 24 of the 46 cases were identified as GIST by c-kit positivity. Nine of the cases were smooth muscle tumours (4- leiomyoma and 5- leiomyosarcoma), 8 cases of undifferentiated sarcomas, 4 cases of desmoid and one case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. For GISTs: The male:female ratio is 1.2. The age range of the patients was 11-75 years with a mean age of 55.1 years.Tumour size ranged from 7-32 cm with an average of 19.8cm and average mitotic count of 20 per 50 high power field. The location of the GIST tumours were as follow- stomach- 9 cases (37.5% of the 24 GIST cases), colon and rectum -6 (25%), Abdominal cavity (omentum/ mesentery)- 6 (25%), retroperitoneum-2(8.3%), small intestine-1 (4.2%). CONCLUSION: The use of IHC in this study has helped to segregate and distinguish GI mesenchymal tumours into different sub-types, majority being Gastrointestinal stromal tumours.
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