Nigerian Journal Of Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
A systematic review of effectiveness of daily oral penicillin v prophylaxis in the prevention of pneumococcal infection in children with sickle cell anaemia.
Gwaram HA, Gwaram BA
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24956685
BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are highly susceptible to infection caused by pneumococcal bacteria due to functional asplenia amongst other reasons. Pneumococcal infections are severe with high morta...
BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are highly susceptible to infection caused by pneumococcal bacteria due to functional asplenia amongst other reasons. Pneumococcal infections are severe with high mortality among these children that the need for prophylactic penicillin therapy becomes necessary. The objective of this review is to look for evidence of the effectiveness of daily oral penicillin prophylaxis in the prevention of pneumococcal infection in children with SCA. METHODS: Electronic databases including genetic disorders group haemoglobinopathies trial register, Cochrane library, Pubmed, Turning Research Into Practice (TRIP) and Google were searched for relevant studies. Hand and grey literature searches were also done. Randomized controlled trials comparing oral penicillin prophylaxis for the prevention of pneumococcal infection in children with SCA with placebo or no treatment were searched for. RESULTS: Two trials were found to have met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results of the two included randomized controlled trials showed a significant reduction in the incidence of pneumococcal infection among children with SCA (and (0)-thallasaemia) receiving penicillin compared to the control group treated with placebo. The odds ratios for the two (Gaston et al and Falletta et al) studies were 0.37 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.86) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.1 to 2.71) respectively. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence that daily oral penicillin prophylaxis greatly reduces the risk of pneumococcal infection in children with SCA under the age of three years and a moderately strong evidence that its, withdrawal at the age of five years did not result in any serious consequences.
Systematic review and metanalysis on community based interventions in tuberculosis care in developing countries.
Musa BM, Iliyasu Z, Yusuf SM … +1 more , Uloko AE
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24956684
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Lay Health Workers (LHW) in increasing case detection rate and treatment success outcome of Tuberculosis cases METHODS: PUBMED,; Google scholar, African Journal Onlin...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Lay Health Workers (LHW) in increasing case detection rate and treatment success outcome of Tuberculosis cases METHODS: PUBMED,; Google scholar, African Journal Online (AJOL) and other search engines were systematically searched, for literature from 2000 to 2012 for studies that are either: [randomized/cluster randomized/non randomized or prospective cohort study); assessing lay Health care worker participation in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, using the key words (LHW, TB and treatment). Studies were pooled using a random effect model. Of the thirteen studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria for systemic review, only five were heterogeneous enough for a meta-analysis. RESULTS: There was a marginal effectiveness of LHW involvement in TB treatment success rate, RR 1.09 Confidence Interval. [0.98-1.21]. There was no publication bias; with {p = 0.135 for Eggar's weighed regression analysis}. Restrictive analysis showed a marginally higher summary relative risk in rural based studies RR 1.12, C.I. [1.01-1.24]; compared to urban studies RR 1.01, C.I. [0.91-1.13]. CONCLUSION: The use of Lay Health care workers is associated with a marginal benefit in improving TB treatment success compared to standard facility based TB care. Larger studies are needed to properly prove its superiority.
Clinical autopsy: for the sake of the living.
Olowu BA
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24956683
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Alternatives to withdrawal of services in the Nigerian health sector.
Ihemedu C, Omolase CO, Chiwendu CE
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946463
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Drainage of splenic abscess: a case report.
Kombo BB, Okoh PD
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946462
BACKGROUND: Splenic abscesses are uncommon manifestation of an acute abdomen. We reported a case of splenic abscess managed by tube drainage. METHOD: A case report using the case note records of the patient and review of...
BACKGROUND: Splenic abscesses are uncommon manifestation of an acute abdomen. We reported a case of splenic abscess managed by tube drainage. METHOD: A case report using the case note records of the patient and review of the relevant literature on splenic abscess. RESULT: A forty five year old Nigerian who presented with features of splenic abscess and was managed by tube drainage. His post operative recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSION: Tube drainage of the splenic abscess is encouraged if there is easy access to the abscess and there is evidence of residual splenic tissue in the critically ill patient.
Complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a live fetus.
Ezem BU, Okeudo C, Ukah CO … +1 more , Anozie UM
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946461
Hydatidiform mole co-existing with a normal fetus is very rare. We report a case of a 36 year old woman Para 4+0 who presented with amenorrhoea of twenty four weeks duration, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain and pre-ecla...
Hydatidiform mole co-existing with a normal fetus is very rare. We report a case of a 36 year old woman Para 4+0 who presented with amenorrhoea of twenty four weeks duration, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain and pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound examination revealed a hydatidiform mole coexisting with a normal living fetus. The patient underwent a caesarean section at twenty eight weeks for maternal distress due to unbearable abdominal pain. The baby died after seven days. Post operatively she had an eclamptic fit and developed oliguria and persistent trophoblastic disease which were all successfully treated.
Missed diagnosis of a delayed diaphragmatic hernia as intestinal obstruction: a case report.
Gali BM, Bakari AA, Wadinga DW … +1 more , Nganjiwa US
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946460
Penetrating diaphragmatic injury rarely occurs in isolation. Diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia resulting from penetrating diaphragmatic injury may be delayed or missed with attendant high morbidity and mortalit...
Penetrating diaphragmatic injury rarely occurs in isolation. Diagnosis of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia resulting from penetrating diaphragmatic injury may be delayed or missed with attendant high morbidity and mortality. We reported a 28-year-old man who presented with features of subacute intestinal obstruction which became severe over the last four days. He had a stab injury to his left lower chest wall that was sutured 31/2 years prior to the development of symptoms. Emergency laparotomy with incidental findings of missed diaphragmatic hernia with gangrenous jejunal segment was found. The hernia was reduced, gangrenous segment resected with end to end anastomosis, and repair of diaphragmatic rent done. He had an uneventful recovery and follow up. There is the need to maintain high index of suspicion of Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia (TDH) in a patient with recent or previous thoraco-abdominal injury that will reduce the rate of missed or delayed diagnosis.
Pattern of cardiothoracic surgical diseases in a new cardiothoracic surgery unit in Nigeria.
Ekpe EE, Ette VF, Akpan A
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946459
BACKGROUND: Cardiothoracic surgical pathologies are available in all geographical regions of the world. Human and material resources are necessary for prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of these cases. METHODOLOGY: Re...
BACKGROUND: Cardiothoracic surgical pathologies are available in all geographical regions of the world. Human and material resources are necessary for prompt diagnosis and proper treatment of these cases. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective analysis of cardiothoracic surgical cases in the first five years of our new cardiothoracic surgery unit was done. RESULTS: A total of 714 cases were seen during the study period with age range one month to 76 years with mean age of 37.12 +/- 11.24 and male female ratio of 2:1. The yearly admissions from 2007 to 2011 were 14%, 17%, 21%, 21% and 26% respectively. Cardiovascular diseases occurred in 22.30%, with 6% of children suffering from congenital heart defect and 6% of men suffering from acquired vascular disease. Surgical complications of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis occurred in 21.4% while thoracic trauma occurred in upto 21% of the patients. Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies were encountered in 10.1% of cases and Pyogenic diseases occurred in 8.68%. Oesophageal lesions were diagnosed in 6.4% of the patients, pulmonary tumours including primary and secondary tumours were found in 4.3% while nontraumatic chest wall pathologies which included chest wall tumours, congenital deformities and chronic osteomyelities accounted for 3.2%. Mediastinal pathologies occurred in 0.98% and in the remaining 1.5% rare diseases were diagnosed such as third degree heart block, pulmonary embolism and thoracic endometriosis syndrome. CONCLUSION: This study shows that cardiothoracic surgical pathologies are common in our centre with predominance of thoracic pathologies, and therefore need to prioritize and ensure manpower development for treatment of all kinds of thoracic pathologies.
Taking the first step towards entrenching mental health in the workplace: insights from a pilot study among HR personnel in Nigeria.
Atilola O, Akinyemi O, Atilola B
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946458
BACKGROUND: The continued relevance of optimal employee mental health to sustainable human capital development in the workplace underscores the need to start harnessing all resources that can be mobilized to promote the...
BACKGROUND: The continued relevance of optimal employee mental health to sustainable human capital development in the workplace underscores the need to start harnessing all resources that can be mobilized to promote the entrenchment of workplace mental health. The strategic place of workplace Human Resource (HR) units in formulating and implementing workplace welfare schemes makes them potential partners. To actualize this, it is important to initially assess the preparedness of HR personnel for, and the possible barriers to entrenching mental health in the workplace. To suggest the initial course of action and to serve as a template for a robust large-scale study, we conduct a pilot assessment of the experience with, attitudes towards, and level of prioritization of mental health in the workplace among a cohort of HR personnel in Nigeria. METHODS: Participants were recruited in the course of a seminar/workshop and questionnaires were developed by authors to assess variables of interest. Attitudes were examined using an adapted form of the Link's Discrimination-Devaluation (LD-D) scale. RESULTS: A total of 90 human-resource personnel completed the questionnaires. Only 16% of the participants reported having handled the case of an employee with a suspected mental health problem in the preceding 2 years. Attitudes toward employees and prospective employees with mental illness were largely poor. For instance, more than 70% were likely to consider for employment someone with a pre-existing physical disability than for someone with a history of mental illness. In terms of workplace health promotion priorities, physical health seminars took wide precedence over mental health seminars. CONCLUSION: The preliminary findings of this pilot study justify a need to conduct a large scale study. Significant challenges encountered in the course of this pilot study were highlighted while insights were drawn for the conduct of the main study/project.
Utilization of maternal health services in urban and rural communities of Anambra State, Nigeria.
Adogu PO, Egenti BN, Ubajaka C … +2 more , Onwasigwe C, Nnebue CC
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946457
OBJECTIVE: This study determined and compared the level and pattern of utilization of maternal services in urban and rural communities in Anambra State. DESIGN AND METHOD: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried...
OBJECTIVE: This study determined and compared the level and pattern of utilization of maternal services in urban and rural communities in Anambra State. DESIGN AND METHOD: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in two local government areas (LGA); Nnewi North (urban) and Dunukofia (rural). A total of 338 mothers of children aged 0-59 months in each of the two LGAs selected by multistage cluster sampling technique were studied. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire, analyzed and tests of significance performed with the p-value set at 0.05. RESULTS: Women in the rural area had higher fertility rate (t = 4.53, p < 0.05) and more children than their urban counterparts (t = 4.79, p < 0.05). The mean number of antenatal care (ANC) before delivery in urban and rural areas were 8.0 +/- 4.2 and 5.9 +/- 2.4 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (t = 7.52, p < 0.05). Half of the urban respondents delivered in private hospitals while 43.8% of rural respondents delivered in maternity homes. There was no significant difference in the pattern of post natal care utilization in both localities (chi2 = 0.695, p = 0.405), as most of the women in both localities went for post natal consultation within 6 weeks of delivery. CONCLUSION: Measures to improve maternal health service utilization especially in rural areas should not only address the issue of access to care, but also improvement in quality of care and women empowerment.
The pattern of surgically treatable anorectal diseases in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Igwe PO, Dodiyi-Manuel A, Oparaku KC
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946456
INTRODUCTION: Disorders of the anus and rectum occurcommonly in surgical practice. Common anorectal disorders include haemorrhoids, carcinoma of the rectum, anal fissures, anorectal fistulae and abscesses. Less frequentl...
INTRODUCTION: Disorders of the anus and rectum occurcommonly in surgical practice. Common anorectal disorders include haemorrhoids, carcinoma of the rectum, anal fissures, anorectal fistulae and abscesses. Less frequently encountered disorders include perineal injuries, anal cancers and rectal polyps. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of anorectal diseases which were surgically treated in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a 4 year retrospective study of all adult patients with anorectal diseases who were admitted into the surgical wards of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Relevant data were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty cases were seen over the 4 year period. There were 92 (61.33%) males and 58 (38.67%) females making a male to female ratio of 1.6:1. The peak age incidence was 31-40 years. The commonest anorectal disorder was haemorrhoids. Other commonly encountered conditions in decreasing order were carcinoma of the rectum, anorectal fistulae, anal fissures and rectal prolapsed. Five patients died and they all had carcinoma of the rectum. CONCLUSION: Haemorrhoids remain the commonest anorectal disorder in University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Carcinoma of the rectum which was not noted among the studied population in ourcentre 10 years ago now assumes the second position and this reflects an increasing incidence of the disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are imperative for increase in survival rate.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and interruption among patients assessing DOTS regimen in a tertiary hospital in semi-urban area of south-western Nigeria.
Omotosho BA, Adebayo AM, Adeniyi BO … +5 more , Ayodeji OO, Ilesanmi OS, Kareem AO, Akitikori OT, Erhabor GE
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946455
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains one of the most infectious diseases worldwide especially with the HIV pandemic. It is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Nigeria. Reasons contributi...
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains one of the most infectious diseases worldwide especially with the HIV pandemic. It is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Nigeria. Reasons contributing to high morbidity and mortality include high defaulting rate and treatment interruption. Several studies had evaluated the treatment outcome of tuberculosis but there is paucity of published literature on the outcome of treatment interruption especially in this environment. This study thus assessed the outcome of treatments and interruption among patients assessing DOTS regimen in a tertiary hospital located in asemi urban area in south-western Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: The study was a review of TB register of the federal medical centre, Owo from its inception in 2008 to 2011. All the patients that have completed at least one course of chemotherapy (defined as 8 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment- 2 months intensive phase and 6 months continuation phase) were included. Treatment outcome and interruption were defined in accordance with World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations. Data were analysed with SPSS version 17. RESULTS: A total of 400 patients were included. The mean age of patients was 36.8 +/- 16.8 years and 56.3% were male. Majority, (79.7%) were adults aged 19-64 years, 12.5% were in the paediatric age group and 7.8% were elderly. Less than half, 45.3% had TB/HIV co-infection. Regarding treatment outcome of tuberculosis, 75.5% were cured, 14.8% died, 4% relapsed and 3% defaulted. A little above one-fifth, 21 (5.3%) had treatment interruption among whom 9 (42.9%) were successfully traced and completed treatment. Significantly, higher proportion of those that had treatment interruption died, 54.1% compared with their counterpart, 14.9%, (p < 0.001) and had relapse. (14.3% versus 3.4%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: A high rate of tracking failure among patients with treatment interruption was found in the study. In addition, mortality and morbidity were higher among patients with treatment interruption. A more concerted effort is needed in tracking/tracing patients with treatment interruption in orderto reduce morbidity and mortality among TB patients assessing treatment.
Pattern of bone tumours seen in a regional orthopaedic hospital in Nigeria.
Lasebikan OA, Nwadinigwe CU, Onyegbule EC
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946454
BACKGROUND: Primary bone tumour is a challenge to Orthopaedic surgeons working in developing countries due to late presentation as a result of ignorance and poverty. This is further compounded by limited number of specia...
BACKGROUND: Primary bone tumour is a challenge to Orthopaedic surgeons working in developing countries due to late presentation as a result of ignorance and poverty. This is further compounded by limited number of specialist personnel, diagnostic and therapeutic centres. Consequently, they are associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality, which can be reduced with early presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all histologically proven primary bone tumours seen at National Orthopaedic hospital Enugu, South east Nigeria, over a 6 year period. RESULTS: Sixty eight (68) cases met the study criteria and were reviewed. Male:Female ratio was 1.35:1, with a mean age of 22.8 years and peak frequency in the 11-20 years age range. A total of 28 (41.1%) were benign, 21 (30.9%) were malignant while 19 (27.9%) were tumour-like conditions. The commonest benign tumour was osteochondroma, accounting for 44.7% of non-malignant lesions, while fibrous dysplasia was the commonest tumour-like condition (23.4%). Primary malignant bone tumours accounted for 30.9% of all pathologies, with osteosarcoma (17) accounting for 80.1% of all malignant lesions. The commonest region affected is the leg i.e proximal tibia. Duration of symptoms before presentation ranged from 1 month to 12 years, with the commonest presenting complaint being a painless lump. CONCLUSION: Primary bone tumours is commonest in young males, usually benign and affecting the Tibia. Associated late presentation results in increased morbidity and mortality. Hence, efforts need to be geared towards public enlightenment in developing countries, to ensure early presentation, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality.
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to herpes simplex virus type-1 in Nigerian children.
Shaibu AM, Aminu M, Musa BO … +1 more , Bugaje MA
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946453
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) can cause chronic ulcerative infection in immunosuppressed children leading to latency with subsequent reactivate in the conjunctiva resulting in scarring, thickening of th...
BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) can cause chronic ulcerative infection in immunosuppressed children leading to latency with subsequent reactivate in the conjunctiva resulting in scarring, thickening of the cornea and blindness. They are also common cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis in 70% of paediatric patients. This cross sectional study determined the prevalence of HSV-1 in children in Kaduna State, Nigeria. METHOD: A total of 377 blood samples were collected from children less than five years old attending some selected hospitals in Kaduna State and analyzed for HSV-1 IgG antibodies employing Enzyme immune assaytechnique by using commercially available ELISA Kits. RESULTS: Sero-prevalence rate of 57.8% (218/377) was obtained. The highest prevalence of HSV-1 infection was obtained in children in age group 49-60 months (85.2%) and lowest in children in age group 13-24 months (44.8%). Further analysis of the result of children less than one year old showed that children 9-16 weeks old were more susceptible to HSV-1 infection. HSV-1 infection was significantly associated with age (X2 = 37.92, df = 4, p = 0.001). Though a higher prevalence was obtained in female children (61.5%) than male children (54.5%), the difference observed in the prevalence was not statistically significant (X2 = 1.84, df = 1, P = 0.105). HSV-1 infection was significantly associated with children who were in school (X2 = 15.28, df = 1, P = 0.001) with a higher prevalence of 74.3%. CONCLUSION: Over half of the children sampled were protected from HSV-1 infection while 42.2% were susceptible to the infection and were at risk of developing severe HSV-1 manifestation which includes keratitis, encephalitis and Keratoconjunctivitis.
Self-reported adherence to treatment: a study of socioeconomic factors and psychiatric morbidity among male and female patients with HIV infection in Sokoto, Nigeria. Running title: Treatment adherence, socioeconomic factors and psychiatric morbidity in HIV patients.
Yunusa MA, Njoku CH, Obembe A
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946452
OBJECTIVE: Adherence to treatment is important and relevant in HIV treatment. Previous studies in sub Sahara Africa and south western Nigeria reported that psychiatric morbidity influence treatment adherence. The present...
OBJECTIVE: Adherence to treatment is important and relevant in HIV treatment. Previous studies in sub Sahara Africa and south western Nigeria reported that psychiatric morbidity influence treatment adherence. The present study was to examine treatment adherence among the male and the female patients with HIV infection and the effect of socioeconomic factors and psychiatric morbidity on treatment adherence. METHODS: A total of 159 patients which comprised of 48 male and 111 female who were eligible for this cross sectional prospective study were included having given their consent to participate. Questionnaire relating to socioeconomic factors and treatment adherence were administered. Psychiatric morbidity was assessed using HADS. Data was analyzed with SPSS for windows version 16.0. RESULTS: Treatment adherence was poor in 5.3% of the patients. The male patients had slightly better adherence than the female patients. Factors associated with poor treatment adherence include poor clinic attendance, presence of anxiety symptoms in males and poor education attainment in females. CONCLUSION: Treatment adherence is related to socioeconomic factors and psychiatric morbidity. Treatment protocol in which mental health and detailed socioeconomic circumstance of patient is an integral part should be encouraged.
Knowledge of obstetric danger signs amongst women of reproductive age in PATHS2 Zaria cluster, Kaduna Nigeria.
George SO, Yisa IO, Alawode G
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946451
BACKGROUND: The Partnership for Transforming Health Systems 2 (PATHS2) in Nigeria is implementing selected Behavior Change Communication (BCC) models to increase the knowledge of obstetric danger signs amongst women of r...
BACKGROUND: The Partnership for Transforming Health Systems 2 (PATHS2) in Nigeria is implementing selected Behavior Change Communication (BCC) models to increase the knowledge of obstetric danger signs amongst women of reproductive age in Kaduna, Nigeria. The objective of this survey was to establish baseline proportions for knowledge of at least four danger signs of pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period respectively amongst women age 15-49, residing within 25 selected communities in Zaria. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was carried out amongst the eligible women within the communities. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for interview. RESULTS: 617 (94.5% response) eligible women participated in the study. Only 113 (18.31%) knew at least four danger signs during pregnancy. 61 (9.89%) knew at least four danger signs that can occur during labor and delivery and only 57 (9.24%) knew at least four danger signs that can occur during the postpartum period. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of the respondents are unaware of obstetric danger signs. It is recommended that radio broadcast be used as part of efforts towards increasing the proportion of women with knowledge of four or more obstetric danger signs in the study population.
Awareness of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among antenatal clients in Nnewi Nigeria.
Okafor CI, Dinwoke VO, Udigwe GO
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946450
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of awareness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among antenatal clients in Nnewi Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study of six hundred consecutiv...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of awareness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among antenatal clients in Nnewi Nigeria. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study of six hundred consecutive antenatal clients attending the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital and five private specialist hospitals (run by Consultant Obstetricians) in Nnewi was conducted over a six-month period (1st September 2008 -28th February 2009). Anonymous, structured, pretested questionnaire designed to assess the awareness of HIV infection was used. RESULTS: The mean age of all the 600 clients was 31.4 (SD 2.8) years, majority were married (94%) and in the third trimester of pregnancy (69%). Most (58%) attended secondary school while 0.83% had no formal education. Only 2% had complete knowledge of the modes of HIV transmission while majority (96.5%) had partial knowledge. There was a statistically significant relationship between level of education and knowledge of HIV (p < 0.00001). HIV test was done on 419 (69.84%); 37 tested positive giving a seroprevalence rate of 8.83%. Among those tested, only 51.55% had counseling before testing. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the knowledge of HIV among women of child bearing age and the practice of voluntary counseling and testing are still poor in our environment. Improved public enlightenment and training of health workers are urgently needed.
Premarital HIV testing on prospective couples in a teaching hospital in sub Saharan Africa.
Nnaji GA, Ezeagwuna DA, Osakwe OJ … +3 more , Nwigwe AC, Ofiaeli NG, Nnaji IJ
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946449
BACKGROUND: Most religious bodies insist on premarital screening for prospective couples. AIM: To determine the level of voluntary screening, prevalence and risk factors of HIV among premarital couples. MATERIAL AND METH...
BACKGROUND: Most religious bodies insist on premarital screening for prospective couples. AIM: To determine the level of voluntary screening, prevalence and risk factors of HIV among premarital couples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study using interviewer administered questionnaire and HIV screening to collect data. Systematic sampling of everythird premarital couples attending the General outpatient Clinic between November 2010 and October 2011. SPSS version 17 was used for data analysis of 386 subjects. RESULTS: A majority of respondents (83.4% or 322); X2 = 172.446, df = 1, p < .05) had knowledge of transmission of HIV. Mandatory HIV screening was 5.7% (22); X2 = 303.018, df = 1, p < .05), while voluntary testing was 30% (113). The sero-prevalence of HIV was 2.6%, which was statistically and significantly associated with cohabitation and upper social class. A majority (68.4% or 266); X2 = 272.166, df = 3, p < .05) would call off marriage plans if their spouses tested positive to HIV. CONCLUSION The knowledge of transmission of HIV was very high with low sero-prevalence (2.6%) among premarital couples. Voluntary HIV testing was higher than mandatory request, while cohabitation and upper social class are risk factors for HIV transmission.
Predispositions of carcinoma of the breast: a review.
Dodiyi-Manuel A, Wakama IE
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946448
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is an ancient disease and the leading malignancy affecting women. The incidence is high in developed countries while it is low but increasing in developing countries. The aim of this review is t...
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is an ancient disease and the leading malignancy affecting women. The incidence is high in developed countries while it is low but increasing in developing countries. The aim of this review is to update and summarize the predisposing factors of breast cancer. METHODS: Literature review was conducted using goggle search engine and hinari. Selected papers were taken for further reference and using books from author's collection. RESULTS: The cause of breast cancer is unknown but predisposing factors have been identified to indicate increase susceptibility to developing the disease. CONCLUSION: Breast is the commonest malignancy affecting women worldwide.
Non-communicable diseases: clear and present danger.
Babatunde O
Niger J Med · 2014 · PMID 24946447
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
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