Annals Of Behavioral Medicine[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Diabetes-specific family functioning typology associated with intervention engagement and effects: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial.
Roddy MK, Spieker AJ, Greevy RA … +3 more , Nelson LA, Berg C, Mayberry LS
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39661957 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Observationally, family and social support are important for optimal diabetes self-management; however, interventions targeting family/social support have not consistently been effective. A novel, diabetes-sp...
BACKGROUND: Observationally, family and social support are important for optimal diabetes self-management; however, interventions targeting family/social support have not consistently been effective. A novel, diabetes-specific family functioning typology offers the opportunity to classify types of baseline family functioning to determine for whom family interventions may be effective. PURPOSE: We examined the effects of an intervention by baseline type of family functioning post hoc, to inform differential benefit from interventions. METHODS: Participants were randomized to enhanced treatment as usual or a 9-month, mobile phone-delivered, family-focused, self-care support intervention. Adults with type 2 diabetes (N = 318) who participated in the randomized clinical trial (RCT) and provided baseline data were included. We determined participants' diabetes-specific family functioning types at baseline using a validated, survey-administered, typology assessment tool. We investigated the associations between type and engagement (eg, attending coaching sessions and responding to text messages) and psychosocial (eg, well-being and diabetes distress) and glycemic outcomes at mid- and post-treatment. RESULTS: Despite overall high engagement, there was variability across types in engagement and effects. WantMoreInvolvement benefited the most; Satisfied withLowInvolvement showed early improvements that waned; Collaborative &Helpful were highly engaged but derived minimal benefits from the intervention; and CriticallyInvolved benefitted the least and may have experienced some harm. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the utility of a novel diabetes-specific family functioning typology to explain variability in response to a family-focused intervention. Findings from this work answer the calls for systems-level consideration in precision behavioral medicine and drive hypothesis generation for future, tailored interventions. REGISTRATION: The larger RCT is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04347291).
Daily reciprocal relationships between affect, physical activity, and sleep in middle and later life.
Lee SA, Fisher Z, Almeida DM
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39661955 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The daily dynamics among affect, physical activity, and sleep are often explored by taking a unidirectional approach. Yet, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the reciprocal dynamics among affect and h...
BACKGROUND: The daily dynamics among affect, physical activity, and sleep are often explored by taking a unidirectional approach. Yet, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the reciprocal dynamics among affect and health behaviors is crucial for promoting daily well-being. PURPOSE: This study examined the reciprocal associations among affect, physical activity, and sleep in daily life in a U.S. national sample of mid- and later-life adults. METHODS: The study sample included 1,171 participants (mean age = 62.61 years, SD = 10.26 years, 57% female, 82% White) with 9,033 daily interview days from the daily diary project of the third wave of the Midlife in the United States study (MIDUS III). Participants reported their daily experiences across eight consecutive days. Using a dynamic structural equation modeling, we examined day-to-day autoregressive and cross-lagged associations among positive and negative affect, physical activity, and sleep. RESULTS: Results revealed that higher positive affect predicted a greater likelihood of engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and better sleep quality the following day. Higher sleep quality predicted increased positive affect, reduced negative affect, and a greater likelihood of MVPA engagement the next day. Longer sleep duration predicted lower negative affect the following day. However, MVPA engagement predicted subsequent higher negative affect. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the importance of simultaneously considering affect, physical activity, and sleep in studying their day-to-day dynamics, and the protective role of positive affect and sleep quality in daily life. Maintaining high positive affect and managing sleep quality may be important intervention targets for enhancing daily well-being.
Longitudinal timing of physical activity and associated cardiometabolic and behavioral health outcomes in young adults.
Bailey CP, Elmi A, Qian J … +3 more , DiPietro L, Tackney MS, Napolitano MA
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39658316 · Full text
BACKGROUND: This is the first study to examine longitudinal associations between self-selected timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and health outcomes in young adults over 18 months. METHODS: Young ad...
BACKGROUND: This is the first study to examine longitudinal associations between self-selected timing of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and health outcomes in young adults over 18 months. METHODS: Young adults (N = 434, Mage = 23.9, SDage = 4.6 years) enrolled in a weight management trial recorded 4-7 days of ActiGraph wear time at ≥1 time point (baseline, months 6, 12, and 18). Time-of-day categories were based on quartiles of the temporal distribution of MVPA min/h at baseline: morning (06:00-11:59), afternoon (12:00-15:59), evening (16:00-18:59), and night (19:00-00:59). The proportion of weekly MVPA accumulated during each time category was the predictor in longitudinal linear mixed-effects models predicting body mass index (BMI) and total weekly MVPA. Longitudinal quasibinomial generalized estimating equations models predicted cardiometabolic risk. Interactions were tested, and marginal trend estimates were generated for sex and age subgroups. RESULTS: The analytic sample was 79% female and 49% non-Hispanic White, with a mean (±SD) weekly MVPA of 311 ± 167 min at baseline. In adjusted models, there were no associations with BMI. Morning MVPA was inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk (OR [95% CI]: 0.99 [0.98-0.99]) for both sex and age groups. Evening MVPA was inversely associated with cardiometabolic risk for 26-35 year olds (0.98 [0.97-0.99]). Morning MVPA was associated with greater total MVPA across subgroups, and afternoon MVPA was associated with less total MVPA in women. CONCLUSIONS: Over 18 months, incremental health benefits may accrue with optimal activity timing in young adults. Activity-based interventions designed to improve cardiometabolic and behavioral health outcomes in young adults may be optimized by tailoring timing recommendations to demographic factors.
Effect of recreational sport and physical activity participation on well-being during early parenthood: a randomized controlled trial.
Rhodes RE, Beauchamp MR, Carson V … +3 more , Courtnall S, Wierts CM, Blanchard CM
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39657760 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Parents with children in the home may benefit considerably from sport participation, given the high levels of physical inactivity and psychosocial distress among this group. The purpose of this study was to e...
BACKGROUND: Parents with children in the home may benefit considerably from sport participation, given the high levels of physical inactivity and psychosocial distress among this group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of team sport participation on mental health (primary outcome) as well as other secondary psychosocial outcomes compared to an individual physical activity condition and a "date night" control condition among parents with young children (under the age of 13). METHODS: A three-arm parallel design single blinded randomized controlled trial compared the team sport (n = 58), individual physical activity (n = 60), and control condition (n = 66) over three months. Well-being variables (short-form-12, satisfaction with life scale, parental stress scale, relationship assessment scale, family inventory version II) were assessed at baseline and post-randomization at 6 weeks and 3 months. Rolling recruitment began in winter 2016 until spring 2023. Analyses were conducted using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS: Team sport participation resulted in improvements in mental health and increased relationship satisfaction compared to the other conditions. Team sport participation also showed improvements in lowering parental stress and increasing family emotional expressiveness compared to the control condition. All conditions improved satisfaction with life, lowered stress, increased relationship satisfaction, benefited family health/competence and lowered family conflict over time. DISCUSSION: The findings extend prior observational research by demonstrating team sport participation may be a viable activity to recommend for parents of young children, who are typically challenged by lower well-being, stress, and social isolation from other adults. REGISTERED TRIAL: The clinical trial is registered with the National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health registration ID is NCT02898285.
A blended mindfulness-based stress reduction program to improve diabetes self-management among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mediation effect analysis.
Wang H, Ge L, Yan Yan Kwok J … +3 more , Zhang Z, Wiley J, Guo J
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39657759 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms through which the blended mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program improves diabetes self-management among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. PURPOSE: Thi...
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms through which the blended mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program improves diabetes self-management among individuals with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of blended MBSR on perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, while also exploring the potential mechanisms underlying its effects on improving diabetes self-management. METHODS: One hundred individuals with T2DM were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups (50 participants each) from March 2020 to July 2020. A randomized clinical trial, combined with generalized estimating equations for repeated measures, was employed to assess the intervention effects of the blended MBSR on perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms compared to standard care. Mediation analyses using Model 4 in SPSS PROCESS were conducted to evaluate the contributions of the blended MBSR to diabetes self-management. RESULTS: Participants in the blended MBSR group showed a significant reduction in perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms compared to the control group over 12 weeks. Bootstrap mediation analyses indicated that changes in perceived stress and anxiety fully mediated the effect of the blended MBSR on diabetes self-efficacy. In contrast, depressive symptoms were not associated with diabetes self-efficacy and therefore did not qualify as mediators. Additionally, diabetes distress was found to be an insignificant mediator. Furthermore, changes in diabetes self-efficacy served as a partial mediator of the positive effects of the blended MBSR on diabetes self-management. CONCLUSIONS: The blended MBSR program effectively reduced perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in individuals with T2DM. The intervention's impact on perceived stress and anxiety contributed to an increase in diabetes self-efficacy, subsequently enhancing diabetes self-management. Interventions that aim to reduce perceived stress and anxiety, while also increasing diabetes self-efficacy, are recommended to develop diabetes self-management strategies with clearly defined mechanistic pathways.
Twenty years of intervention optimization.
Collins LM
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39657627 · Publisher ↗
In the classical paradigm for intervention research, the components that are to make up an intervention are identified, pilot tested, and then immediately assembled into a treatment package and subjected to an evaluation...
In the classical paradigm for intervention research, the components that are to make up an intervention are identified, pilot tested, and then immediately assembled into a treatment package and subjected to an evaluation randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the performance of the entire package. Intervention optimization, which adapts ideas from technological fields to intervention science in order to hasten scientific progress, is an alternative to the classical paradigm. The first article introducing intervention optimization via the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) was published in Annals of Behavioral Medicine in 2005. In this commentary, I reflect on the evolution of intervention optimization from that first publication to today, and on what the future could hold if the intervention science field continues to adopt the optimization paradigm. I propose that if intervention optimization became standard operating procedure, the field would accumulate a coherent base of knowledge about what specific intervention strategies work, for whom, under which circumstances, and why; every intervention produced would contain only components that contribute enough to justify their resource requirements; interventions would be readily implementable; and as the knowledge base grew, interventions would be improved continually.
Correction to: Caregiver Experiences With an Internet-Delivered Insomnia Intervention: SHUTi-CARE Trial Primary Qualitative Analysis.
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39494939 · Full text
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Associations Among Experiences With Racial Discrimination, Religion/Spirituality, and Cigarette Smoking Among African American Adults: The Jackson Heart Study.
Cottrell-Daniels C, Aycock DM, Pecháček TF … +2 more , Sims M, Spears CA
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39475417 · Full text
BACKGROUND: African American adults exhibit disproportionately high rates of tobacco-related diseases and associated death. Experiences with racial discrimination contribute to health disparities among African Americans,...
BACKGROUND: African American adults exhibit disproportionately high rates of tobacco-related diseases and associated death. Experiences with racial discrimination contribute to health disparities among African Americans, but more research is needed to understand associations between perceived discrimination and tobacco use as well as potential protective factors. PURPOSE: This study examined associations between perceived racial discrimination and cigarette smoking, as well as religion and spirituality as moderators of any associations. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Jackson Heart Study, a study of cardiovascular disease risk factors among African American adults in Jackson, MS. Measures included perceived everyday discrimination and major life events discrimination that was attributed to race. Participants also reported religious attendance, prayer, spirituality, and whether they prayed in response to discriminatory experiences. Logistic regression models tested associations between perceived racial discrimination and cigarette smoking status, and interactions between religiosity/spirituality and discrimination in predicting smoking status. RESULTS: A total of 2,972 participants were included in the analysis (62.7% female, mean age 55.1 years). Thirteen percent reported currently smoking cigarettes. Everyday racial discrimination was associated with a higher likelihood of current smoking (p = .01). The association between lifetime racial discrimination and current smoking status was weaker for those who reported prayer as a reaction compared to those who did not report prayer as a reaction (adjusted odds ratio = 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.11 to 0.91) while adjusting for demographics and covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Stressful experiences with racial discrimination may create risks for health behaviors like smoking. However, prayer may act as a coping strategy to help buffer the effects of racial discrimination on smoking behavior.
Digital, Social Micro-Interventions to Promote Physical Activity Among Midlife Adults With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk: An Ambulatory Feasibility Study With Momentary Randomization.
Arigo D, Schumacher LM, Baga K … +1 more , Mogle JA
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39454044 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Although regular physical activity (PA) mitigates the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) during midlife, existing PA interventions are minimally effective. Harnessing social influences in daily life shows...
BACKGROUND: Although regular physical activity (PA) mitigates the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) during midlife, existing PA interventions are minimally effective. Harnessing social influences in daily life shows promise: digital micro-interventions could effectively engage these influences on PA and require testing. PURPOSE: This feasibility study employed ecological momentary assessment with embedded micro-randomization to activate two types of social influences (i.e., comparison, support; NCT04711512). METHODS: Midlife adults (N = 30, MAge = 51, MBMI = 31.5 kg/m2, 43% racial/ethnic minority) with ≥1 CVD risk conditions completed four mobile surveys per day for 7 days while wearing PA monitors. After 3 days of observation, participants were randomized at each survey to receive 1 of 3 comparison micro-interventions (days 4-5) or 1 of 3 support micro-interventions (days 6-7). Outcomes were indicators of feasibility (e.g., completion rate), acceptability (e.g., narrative feedback), and potential micro-intervention effects (on motivation and steps within-person). RESULTS: Feasibility and acceptability targets were met (e.g., 93% completion); ratings of micro-intervention helpfulness varied by intervention type and predicted PA motivation and behavior within-person (srs=0.16, 0.27). Participants liked the approach and were open to ongoing micro-intervention exposure. Within-person, PA motivation and behavior increased from baseline in response to specific micro-interventions (srs=0.23, 0.13), though responses were variable. CONCLUSIONS: Experimental manipulation of social influences in daily life is feasible and acceptable to midlife adults and shows potential effects on PA motivation and behavior. Findings support larger-scale testing of this approach to inform a digital, socially focused PA intervention for midlife adults.
Behavioral and Psychosocial Dynamics in Diabetes Management: A Path Analysis to Examine the Influence of Acculturation in Arab Immigrant Communities.
Alzubaidi H, Oliveira VH, Saidawi W … +3 more , Aljobowry R, Shaw JE, Samorinha C
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39432836 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is rising globally. Arab immigrants with T2DM, one of the least studied ethnic minorities, have a higher diabetes prevalence and more prominent management-related ch...
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevalence is rising globally. Arab immigrants with T2DM, one of the least studied ethnic minorities, have a higher diabetes prevalence and more prominent management-related challenges compared with mainstream host societies. Acculturation's impact on self-care activities and diabetes distress (DD) is understudied globally. PURPOSE: To examine how acculturation affects self-care practices and DD in first-generation Arab immigrants with T2DM and how health literacy, illness perceptions, and self-efficacy mediate these associations. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in Victoria, Australia. Eligible patients were invited while waiting for their appointments. The questionnaire included validated tools to assess DD, self-care activities, health literacy, self-efficacy, and acculturation. We tested mediation hypothesis using path analysis, with a maximum likelihood estimation to calculate total, direct, and indirect effects and bias-corrected accelerated 95% CI. RESULTS: Overall, 382 Arab immigrants with T2DM participated, with an average age of 57.9 years (SD = 8.0). Half were males, most had low education, and were married. Participants lived in Australia for a mean of 19.1 years (SD = 8.3) and had diabetes for 7.1 years (SD =4.7). Higher acculturation was directly associated with decreased DD. Illness perceptions (p = .002) and self-efficacy (p = .001) mediated the association of acculturation with self-care activities, while health literacy did not. Additionally, self-efficacy fully mediated the relationship between acculturation and DD (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS: This research provided valuable insights into the complex interplay between acculturation, diabetes management, and psychosocial factors. Interventions targeting self-efficacy and illness perceptions may improve self-care activities and reduce DD among Arab immigrants with T2DM.
Exposure to GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Bariatric Surgery Use on Obesity Policy Support.
Post SM, Hoffman RK, Chen J … +2 more , Stock ML, Persky S
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39427238 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) are a newer class of obesity medications that have garnered significant attention by the public and media. Media reports suggest that medical interventions s...
BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) are a newer class of obesity medications that have garnered significant attention by the public and media. Media reports suggest that medical interventions such as GLP-1s are often perceived as weight loss "shortcuts." PURPOSE: The present experimental research tested the effect of exposure to medical weight loss interventions on GLP-1 policy support, dependent on body mass index. METHODS: A sample of 440 participants (Mage= 37, SD = 12.6) were randomly assigned to read about a woman who lost 15% of her body weight either with a GLP-1, bariatric surgery, or diet/exercise. Participants reported on beliefs that the woman took a weight loss "shortcut" and support for three policies expanding GLP-1 coverage. RESULTS: Exposure to a woman who lost weight with GLP-1 or bariatric surgery (vs. diet/exercise) led to higher GLP-1 policy support. However, such exposure was also indirectly associated with lower policy support, partially mediated by weight loss "shortcut" beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that exposure to medical weight loss interventions leads to higher GLP-1 policy support. Exposure may also, indirectly, lead to lower policy support due to beliefs that such interventions are shortcuts. Findings have implications for policymakers who are interested in how perceptions of medical weight loss interventions influence support for obesity treatments and related health policies.
Cognitive Health Benefits of Everyday Physical Activity in a Diverse Sample of Middle-Aged Adults.
Hakun JG, Benson L, Qiu T … +5 more , Elbich DB, Katz M, Shaw PA, Sliwinski MJ, Mossavar-Rahmani Y
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39427230 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Physical activity has been associated with a wide range of health benefits including long-term benefits for cognitive and brain health. Whether episodes of everyday physical activity are associated with immed...
BACKGROUND: Physical activity has been associated with a wide range of health benefits including long-term benefits for cognitive and brain health. Whether episodes of everyday physical activity are associated with immediate cognitive benefits remains unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to examine whether episodes of physical activity, occurring over the course of participants' daily lives, are associated with short-term improvements in cognitive health. METHODS: Participants completed a 9-day ecological momentary assessment protocol involving 5 daily assessments of self-reported physical activity and ambulatory cognitive assessments of processing speed and visuospatial working memory. Data were analyzed in a multilevel modeling framework to explore changes in performance on each task associated with physical activity during the period leading up to the assessment as well as individual differences in average frequency of physical activity. RESULTS: Results of MLMs indicated that engaging in physical activity during the period (~3.5 hr) leading up to an assessment was associated with improvements in processing speed equivalent to 4 years of cognitive aging. Such improvements were observed for both light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels. No association was observed for visuospatial working memory accuracy; however, response time during the working memory task reliably mirrored the association observed for processing speed. The short-term benefits were observed, particularly, for individuals with an overall higher frequency of reported physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that engaging in everyday physical activity of any intensity level may have short-term, acute benefits for cognitive health and point to new potential targets for intervention. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION: NCT03240406.
Optimizing the Use of Personal Values to Promote Medication Adherence: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Affective and Behavioral Responses to Theory-Driven Domain Congruent Versus Incongruent Values Approaches.
Finkelstein LB, Bright EE, Gu HCJ … +1 more , Arch JJ
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39425763 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Self-affirmation theory (SAT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) embody competing approaches to leveraging personal values to motivate behavior change but are rarely compared in the domain of health...
BACKGROUND: Self-affirmation theory (SAT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) embody competing approaches to leveraging personal values to motivate behavior change but are rarely compared in the domain of health behavior. This study compares these theory-driven values-based interventions for promoting medication adherence. PURPOSE: To compare affective and behavioral responses to competing values-based medication adherence interventions. METHODS: In this three-armed randomized trial, participants with cancer (n = 95) or diabetes (n = 97) recruited online using Prolific and prescribed daily oral medication for that disease completed a one-session online writing intervention leveraging (1) a domain incongruent (DI) value, where the value was not connected to medication adherence; (2) a domain congruent (DC) value, where the value was connected to adherence; or (3) a control condition, focused on medication adherence procedures. RESULTS: There were no main effects of conditions on reported medication adherence at the 1-month follow-up. During the intervention, positive affect was higher in the values conditions than control (p < .001), and trended higher in DI versus DC (p = .054). Negative affect did not vary between the values and control groups (p = .093) but was lower in DI versus DC (p = .006). Improvements in positive affect over the course of the intervention were associated with increased adherence behavior for individuals who started with low levels of positive affect (p = .003). Disease type did not moderate findings. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with SAT, focusing on DI values led to more positive and less negative affect than connecting values directly to behavior in a threatening domain such as chronic illness. For some participants, increases in positive affect predicted greater adherence.
HED-Start: A Brief Positive Psychology Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve Psychological Adjustment in Patients New on Hemodialysis.
Griva K, Lim PXH, Chan FHF … +6 more , Wong YP, Loei J, Thach TQ, Moskowitz J, Khan BA, Choo J
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39420592 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Initiation onto hemodialysis marks a critical transition with intense psychosocial demands. Interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve distress have been variably effective but require traine...
BACKGROUND: Initiation onto hemodialysis marks a critical transition with intense psychosocial demands. Interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve distress have been variably effective but require trained staff and are typically delivered only to those who screen positive for clinically significant distress. Interventions guided by positive psychology are lacking. PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of a brief positive-skills RCT in improving psychological adjustment in new hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Using a parallel (2:1) design, blinded cluster-randomized controlled trial (cRCT) design, incident patients (<6 months at NKF dialysis centers) undergoing hemodialysis were randomized to intervention or usual care (UC). HED-Start intervention comprised four group sessions delivered by healthcare staff on positive emotions, acceptance, and life-orientated goal setting. Measures were taken at baseline (pre-randomization) and at 12 weeks: distress/mood (HADS; SPANE); quality of life (KDQOL-SF, WHOQOL-BREF); benefit-finding (BFS, BIPQ); life-oriented skills (HEIQ, CD-RISC-2); self-efficacy (CD-SES). RESULTS: A total of 147 participants enrolled in the trial (response rate, 51.0%; retention [assessment], 90.5%). Study arms were comparable on all baseline and outcome variables except for age, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive nephrosclerosis which were subsequently controlled for. Repeated measures ANCOVAs (intention to treat) were used. HED-Start yielded significant reductions over time in depression, and increased quality of life, self-efficacy, benefit finding, and skills relative to UC (moderate effect sizes). Rates of clinically significant depression significantly decreased in HED-Start (p < .001) and increased in UC (p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The significant positive effects of HED-Start, a low-intensity and cost intervention, on several adjustment indices, suggest that programs focusing on positive life skills can value add to existing renal care services.
A Health Media Literacy Intervention Increases Skepticism of Both Inaccurate and Accurate Cancer News Among U.S. Adults.
Lyons B, King AJ, Kaphingst KA
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39417815 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Inaccurate cancer news can have adverse effects on patients and families. One potential way to minimize this is through media literacy training-ideally, training tailored specifically to the evaluation of hea...
BACKGROUND: Inaccurate cancer news can have adverse effects on patients and families. One potential way to minimize this is through media literacy training-ideally, training tailored specifically to the evaluation of health-related media coverage. PURPOSE: We test whether an abbreviated health-focused media literacy intervention improves accuracy discernment or sharing discernment for cancer news headlines and also examine how these outcomes compare to the effects of a generic media literacy intervention. METHODS: We employ a survey experiment conducted using a nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 1,200). Respondents were assigned to either a health-focused media literacy intervention, a previously tested generic media literacy intervention, or the control. They were also randomly assigned to rate either perceived accuracy of headlines or sharing intentions. Intervention effects on accurate and inaccurate headline ratings were tested using OLS regressions at the item-response level, with standard errors clustered on the respondent and with headline fixed effects. RESULTS: We find that the health-focused media literacy intervention increased skepticism of both inaccurate (a 5.6% decrease in endorsement, 95% CI [0.1%, 10.7%]) and accurate (a 7.6% decrease, 95% CI [2.4%, 12.8%]) news headlines, and accordingly did not improve discernment between the two. The health-focused media literacy intervention also did not significantly improve sharing discernment. Meanwhile, the generic media literacy intervention had little effect on perceived accuracy outcomes, but did significantly improve sharing discernment. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest further intervention development and refinement are needed before scaling up similarly targeted health information literacy tools, particularly focusing on building trust in legitimate sources and accurate content.
Implementation of a Telehealth Smoking Cessation Program in Primarily Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Black Patients: Courage to Quit Rolling-Virtual (CTQ-RV).
Brett EI, Fridberg DJ, Lee Z … +2 more , Feather AR, King AC
Ann Behav Med · 2025 Jan · PMID 39406509 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Preliminary data indicate that smoking cessation offered in a rolling group format is feasible and effective. PURPOSE: The current study evaluated the implementation and outcomes of the remote Courage to Quit...
BACKGROUND: Preliminary data indicate that smoking cessation offered in a rolling group format is feasible and effective. PURPOSE: The current study evaluated the implementation and outcomes of the remote Courage to Quit-Rolling Virtual (CTQ-RV) smoking group treatment compared to its precursor in-person format (Courage to Quit-Rolling, CTQ-R). METHODS: Virtual materials for CTQ-RV were adapted from in-person evidence-based programming, thus content in both groups was similar but delivered via videoconference or in-person. We used an interrupted time series design to examine feasibility by comparing attendance, monthly enrollment, and program completion between those who attended CTQ-R (July 2018-March 2020) versus CTQ-RV (April 2020-December 2022). RESULTS: There were 611 patients enrolled in tobacco cessation (N = 221 CTQ-R, N = 390 CTQ-RV). The average age was 59.4 years and most patients reported Black/African American race (81%) and female sex (69.5%). CTQ-RV proved feasible relative to CTQ-R, with higher rates of attendance (5.5 vs. 2.7 sessions, respectively), program completion (39.4% vs. 19%) and increased enrollment across each year (from 44.6 sessions per month in CTQ-R vs. 72.3 in CTQ-RV). CTQ-RV patients requested nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) at substantially higher rates (81.4%) than CTQ-R members (42.1%). Self-reported smoking abstinence at final session was higher in CTQ-RV compared with CTQ-R (33.3% vs. 15.7%). Within CTQ-RV, more than half (57%) of patients attended by video format, with outreach improving rates of video attendance each year. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that a transition to virtual rolling enrollment smoking group treatment is feasible and can augment treatment outcomes, such as engagement, NRT use, and self-reported cessation.
Examining Daily Self-Efficacy, Minority Stressors, and Alcohol and Other Drug Use Among Trauma-Exposed Sexual Minority Women and Transgender and Gender-Diverse People.
Scheer JR, Mereish EH, Gilmore AK … +8 more , Cascalheira CJ, Helminen EC, Dobani F, Behari K, Pirog S, Jackson SD, Sullivan TP, Batchelder AW
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39402938 · Full text
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and test a novel model integrating social-learning and self-medication frameworks by examining the association between self-efficacy to resist alcohol and other drug (A...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop and test a novel model integrating social-learning and self-medication frameworks by examining the association between self-efficacy to resist alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk among trauma-exposed sexual minority women (SMW) and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. We examined whether minority stressors moderated these associations. METHODS: Data were from 57 trauma-exposed SMW and TGD people who participated in a 14-day daily diary study. Multilevel binary logistic models and ordinal logistic models were employed to examine associations between self-efficacy to resist AOD use and daily AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk at within- and between-person levels. We assessed same- and cross-level interactions between daily self-efficacy to resist AOD use and minority stressors in predicting AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk within the same 24-hour period (i.e., standardized as 6 pm to 6 pm; hereafter referred to as "same-day"). RESULTS: Self-efficacy to resist AOD use was associated with lower AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk. Minority stressors were associated with daily AOD use. Among those who experienced higher (vs. lower) average sexual minority stressors over the 2-week daily diary period, higher-than-usual self-efficacy to resist AOD use was less protective in decreasing risk of same-day unhealthy drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions aiming to mitigate AOD use and unhealthy drinking risk by bolstering self-efficacy to resist AOD use should consider the impact of recent cumulative exposure to sexual minority stressors in this population. Further, policy efforts are needed to reduce perpetuation of stigma.
Correction: POSTER SESSION C: EXPLORING THE MODERATING ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON MOTIVATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39361886 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Increases in Psychological Stress Are Associated With Higher Fasting Glucose in US Chinese Immigrants.
Fang CY, Rao A, Handorf EA … +3 more , Deng M, Cheung P, Tseng M
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Nov · PMID 39316655 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The majority of Chinese Americans is foreign-born, and it is well-documented that immigration to the United States (US) leads to increased risk for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Increased diseas...
BACKGROUND: The majority of Chinese Americans is foreign-born, and it is well-documented that immigration to the United States (US) leads to increased risk for chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Increased disease risk has been attributed to changes in lifestyle behaviors following immigration, but few studies have considered the psychosocial impact of immigration upon biomarkers of disease risk. PURPOSE: To examine associations of psychological stress and social isolation with markers of type 2 diabetes risk over time among US Chinese immigrants. METHODS: In this longitudinal study of 614 Chinese immigrants, participants completed assessments of perceived stress, acculturative stress, negative life events, and social isolation annually at three time points. Fasting blood samples were obtained at each time point to measure blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance. Mean duration between baseline and follow-up assessments was approximately 2 years. RESULTS: Increases in migration-related stress, perceived stress and social isolation were associated with significant increases in fasting glucose at follow-up independent of age, body mass index, length of US residence, and other potential covariates. Moreover, increases in glucose varied depending on perceived stress levels at baseline, such that those with higher baseline stress had a steeper increase in glucose over time. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress and social isolation are associated with increases in fasting glucose in a sample of US Chinese immigrants. Findings suggest that the unique experiences of immigration may be involved in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, a condition that is prevalent among US Chinese despite relatively low rates of obesity.
Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Standard Versus Postures-Only Yoga Session: Potential Self-Regulatory and Neurophysiological Mechanisms of an Ancient Practice.
Gust CJ, Bryan AD
Ann Behav Med · 2024 Oct · PMID 39313441 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: It is well-recognized that maintaining a regular yogic practice is associated with numerous physical and psychological health benefits. However, few studies have explored the possible psychological and neurop...
BACKGROUND: It is well-recognized that maintaining a regular yogic practice is associated with numerous physical and psychological health benefits. However, few studies have explored the possible psychological and neurophysiological mediators through which the component parts of yoga-ethics, breath regulation, postures, and meditation-work to produce salutary effects. PURPOSE: To address this gap, we conducted a cluster randomized trial to test the following set of theory-based mechanisms: emotion regulation for ethics, self-control for breath regulation, discomfort and distress tolerance for postures, and mindfulness for meditation. We also explored yoga's effects on the autonomic nervous system by examining salivary acetylcholinesterase levels. METHODS: Participants (N = 260) were randomly assigned in clusters (n = 37) to a single, hour-long standard or postures-only yoga class. RESULTS: Findings suggest that a single yoga class may confer both psychological and neurophysiological benefits, yet there were few differences between the two types of yoga classes. Pre- to post-session main effects of time, all in the expected direction, emerged for five of eight theoretical mediators, as well as for salivary acetylcholinesterase levels. Time X condition interactions observed for three of the mediators-cognitive reappraisal, discomfort tolerance, and expressive suppression-along with findings from the exploratory mediation analysis suggest potential unique benefits of the two yoga sessions for certain outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies are needed to replicate these results and to test other potential mediators and/or primary outcomes through which yoga might work to promote health.
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