Environmental Science And Pollution Research International[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Multi-criteria decision analysis and linear programming for optimal resource allocation in water quality monitoring networks: a case study of California's EPA monitoring stations.
Tavares HP, Sampaio NAS
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42274986 · Full text
Water quality monitoring networks require strategic resource allocation to maximize effectiveness while managing budget constraints. This study presents an integrated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework com...
Water quality monitoring networks require strategic resource allocation to maximize effectiveness while managing budget constraints. This study presents an integrated multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework combining CRITIC (CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation), TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), and linear programming (LP) optimization for prioritizing monitoring stations and allocating resources. Using real data from 347 monitoring stations in California extracted from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Water Quality Portal (WQP) spanning January 2023 through December 2024 (16,750 measurements across seven water quality parameters), we demonstrate a reproducible methodology for evidence-based monitoring network optimization. Prior to analysis, physical plausibility filters removed 1106 impossible values (2.4% of raw data), ensuring analytical integrity. Dissolved oxygen was treated as an optimal-range criterion (|DO - 8 mg/L|) rather than a monotonic benefit, correcting a common misclassification in MCDA water quality studies. Spearman's rank correlation replaced Pearson's throughout the CRITIC computation to account for skewed parameter distributions. The CRITIC method determined objective criteria weights, with dissolved oxygen deviation (0.1813) and phosphorus (0.1804) as the most informative parameters. TOPSIS analysis identified top-performing stations with closeness coefficients ranging from 0.9813 to 0.3799, with a mean of 0.712 (MAD = 0.063). VIKOR analysis confirmed ranking consistency, yielding Spearman ( < 0.001) between TOPSIS and VIKOR rankings. LP optimization concentrated resources efficiently, achieving 36.9% improvement over uniform allocation ( vs. under uniform distribution). This integrated MCDA-optimization framework provides water resource managers with a transparent, data-driven tool for strategic planning, enabling efficient allocation of limited monitoring resources while maintaining comprehensive environmental surveillance.
The dynamics of rare earth elements in soil-plant systems in southern Brazil: a case study of carbonatite-bearing areas and Baccharis trimera.
Frescura LM, da Silva NW, Vieira DT … +4 more , de Vargas Mallmann ML, Koester E, Lourega RV, da Rosa MB
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42274985 · Full text
Carbonatite outcrops represent significant global sources of rare earth elements (REEs). However, their influence on surrounding soils, vegetation, and REE biogeochemical cycling remains insufficiently understood, partic...
Carbonatite outcrops represent significant global sources of rare earth elements (REEs). However, their influence on surrounding soils, vegetation, and REE biogeochemical cycling remains insufficiently understood, particularly in Brazilian carbonatite-bearing systems. Hence, this study investigated the distribution and transfer of REEs in soils and Baccharis trimera near two carbonatite bodies in Caçapava do Sul (Rio Grande do Sul State, southernmost Brazil). Eighty-three samples, including soil, roots, and leaves, were analyzed to determine REE concentrations. Soil analysis revealed significant enrichment in REEs, predominantly comprising light REEs. The soil preserved the geochemical signature of the parent carbonatites, including positive Eu anomalies and no significant Ce anomalies. Monazite, fluorapatite, and pyrochlore were identified as the primary REE-bearing phases. Soil samples from areas closer to the outcrops exhibited significantly higher REE concentrations, whereas more distant samples showed lower concentrations, indicating lithological control. Roots accumulated substantially higher REE levels than the leaves, showing a low bioaccumulation factor and restricted translocation factor, acting as a biological barrier. Strong positive correlations among rock, soil, and plant compartments were observed, confirming that carbonatite lithology directly controls REE distribution across the system. These findings demonstrate the potential of soil geochemistry as a proxy for carbonatite extension and highlight the role of B. trimera roots as sinks, preserving the lithological signature of REE-rich systems.
Applicability of granite and quartzite residues in the development of porous adsorbents for effective organic pollutant removal.
Figueiredo PS, Dotto GL, Foletto EL
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42270959 · Full text
In this work, granite and quartzite residues were converted into amorphous materials through an alkaline fusion process employing KOH as the activating agent. Structural characterization confirmed the significant loss of...
In this work, granite and quartzite residues were converted into amorphous materials through an alkaline fusion process employing KOH as the activating agent. Structural characterization confirmed the significant loss of crystallinity in both precursors, while textural analysis indicated a marked improvement in the pore structure, particularly in the quartzite-derived material. Among the synthesized adsorbents, the amorphized quartzite (AQZ) demonstrated superior adsorption performance compared to the amorphized granite (AGR). The adsorption of crystal violet (CV) onto AQZ was optimized using experimental design, with pH 9 and an adsorbent dosage of 0.9 g L⁻ identified as the most favorable conditions. Kinetic studies showed that the system reached equilibrium within 90 min. Isotherm evaluation revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 86.24 mg g⁻ at 298 K, confirming the high efficiency of AQZ. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic, and thermodynamically favorable, with electrostatic attraction identified as the predominant interaction mechanism. AQZ retained satisfactory adsorption efficiency after four consecutive regeneration cycles. These findings demonstrate that alkaline fusion is a viable strategy for transforming ornamental stone residues into a reusable adsorbent for treating CV-contaminated wastewater.
Unlocking renewable energy potential in the Western Himalayan states of India: opportunities and barriers.
Youssouf M, Wani KA, Singh S … +1 more , Malik ZA
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42268549 · Publisher ↗
The Western Himalayan states of India (J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand) possess substantial renewable energy resources, yet deployment remains far below potential due to region-specific barriers. This Trend Editor...
The Western Himalayan states of India (J&K, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand) possess substantial renewable energy resources, yet deployment remains far below potential due to region-specific barriers. This Trend Editorial critically synthesizes government data and peer-reviewed literature (2000-2025) to evaluate five renewable energy technologies (solar, hydro, wind, biomass, and geothermal) across three analytical dimensions: resource availability, deployment feasibility, and climate resilience. Our findings reveal three key insights. First, solar energy has the highest untapped potential (111 GW in J&K alone) but utilization is negligible (0.06% in J&K) except in Uttarakhand (3.42%), highlighting state-level policy disparities. Second, hydropower remains the dominant renewable source (10.5 GW installed in Himachal Pradesh) but faces growing climate risks from glacier melt and hydrological variability, favoring small-scale and run-of-river projects over large dams. Third, biomass and wind energy play niche roles, while geothermal remains largely unexplored despite promising sites (e.g., Puga Valley). Major barriers include terrain-blind subsidy mechanisms, capacity-based (rather than performance-based) policy metrics, weak institutional coordination, and the absence of an off-grid-specific framework for remote Himalayan villages. Based on this analysis, we offer a few actionable policy recommendations including terrain-adjusted subsidies, performance-based metrics, single-window clearances, a dedicated Himalayan Off-grid Renewable Mission, climate-resilient design standards, and state-specific renewable energy targets. The Western Himalayan region can transition from a clean energy frontier to a clean energy leader, but only through targeted, region-sensitive, and climate-informed policy reforms.
Eco-friendly Al-BiWO nanosheets for effective elimination of crystal violet and methylene blue dyes.
Malla D, Hamal B, Mulmi R … +3 more , Koju NK, Ghimire RR, Das Mulmi D
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42268548 · Publisher ↗
Aluminum-doped bismuth tungstate (Al-Bi₂WO₆) nanostructures were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of the as-prepared sheet-like nanostructures were...
Aluminum-doped bismuth tungstate (Al-Bi₂WO₆) nanostructures were synthesized through a hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and physicochemical properties of the as-prepared sheet-like nanostructures were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy (RS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. XRD results confirmed that all synthesized samples possessed an orthorhombic crystal structure. The adsorption performance of the prepared nanostructures was evaluated for the removal of crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the effects of key operational parameters, including solution pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The results demonstrated maximum removal efficiencies of 96% for CV and 98% for MB at an initial dye concentration of 20 mg L, achieved within 20 and 25 min, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacities were determined to be 30.57 mg g for CV and 15.11 mg g for MB over a concentration range of 20-50 mg L. The adsorption behavior was best described by the Langmuir isotherm model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, indicating monolayer adsorption with chemisorption as the rate-limiting step. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic in nature.
Production and characterization of pellets with sewage sludge for use as an energy and environmental alternative.
Zanini B, de Souza SNM, de Oliveira RS … +3 more , da Silva EA, da Silva Pego Hericks L, Bittencourt PRS
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42268547 · Full text
This study investigates the production and characterization of pellets incorporating sewage sludge as a partial substitute for lignocellulosic biomass, aiming at its valorization as an alternative energy source and envir...
This study investigates the production and characterization of pellets incorporating sewage sludge as a partial substitute for lignocellulosic biomass, aiming at its valorization as an alternative energy source and environmentally sustainable solution. Pellets were produced using different proportions of sewage sludge and Pinus wood powder (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in a pilot-scale pellet mill (1,500 kg·h⁻). The samples were characterized in terms of moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, higher calorific value (HHV), elemental composition (TXRF), thermal behavior (TGA), and gaseous emissions during pyrolysis (EGA-FTIR). Moisture content ranged from 1.89 to 6.76%, complying with ISO 18134-2 standards. Ash content increased proportionally with sludge incorporation (0.85 to 29.96%), reflecting the inorganic fraction of the residue. The HHV varied between 14.45 and 19.01 MJ·kg⁻, with formulations containing up to 50% sludge meeting the ISO 18125 requirement (≥ 16.56 MJ·kg⁻). Thermogravimetric analysis indicated increased thermal stability with higher sludge content, attributed to elevated mineral matter. Gas analysis revealed the predominance of CO₂, CH₄, and oxygenated compounds, with no detection of toxic gases at critical levels under the evaluated conditions. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of sewage sludge up to 50% in pellet formulations is technically feasible for energy applications, contributing to waste management strategies and circular economy practices while maintaining acceptable fuel properties.
A comprehensive review on sugarcane bagasse ash for partial replacement of cement for sustainable development.
Ganpule SS, Sudani P, Bhagat N
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 Jun · PMID 42268546 · Publisher ↗
The growing demand for Portland cement has intensified environmental concerns due to its high CO emissions and energy-intensive production. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), an abundant agro-industrial residue from sugar mill...
The growing demand for Portland cement has intensified environmental concerns due to its high CO emissions and energy-intensive production. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), an abundant agro-industrial residue from sugar mill boilers, has emerged as a promising supplementary cementitious material owing to its high amorphous silica content, pozzolanic reactivity, and potential for waste valorisation. This review synthesizes current findings on the physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of SBA; the influence of processing techniques such as controlled calcination, grinding, and acid treatment; and the resulting impacts on fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete. Evidence across the literature indicates that optimally processed SBA, incorporated at 10-20% replacement of cement, enhances compressive strength, refines pore structure, and improves resistance to chloride ingress, water absorption, and sulphate and acid attacks. Microstructural analyses consistently show denser matrices and strengthened interfacial transition zones due to secondary C-S-H formation. The review also highlights life-cycle benefits including reduced embodied carbon, lower material costs, and decreased landfill burden. While variability in ash quality and standardisation challenges remain, the collective evidence positions SBA as a sustainable and technically viable material for producing durable, eco-efficient concrete.
Context-dependent telomere dynamics in wild fish populations under anthropogenic stress.
Zambrano MJ, Bolzán AD, Peñas MLL … +4 more , Bonifacio AF, Brito JM, Filippi I, Hued AC
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42268545 · Publisher ↗
Anthropogenic environmental change imposes severe physiological challenges on wild populations, often leading to accelerated cellular aging. In many vertebrate models, the 'conventional expectation' is that chronic expos...
Anthropogenic environmental change imposes severe physiological challenges on wild populations, often leading to accelerated cellular aging. In many vertebrate models, the 'conventional expectation' is that chronic exposure to stressors triggers oxidative damage and increases turnover, resulting in accelerated telomere shortening. However, the universality of this pattern remains poorly understood, particularly in high-biodiversity regions of the Southern Hemisphere. This study explores pollution-linked telomere dynamics in Cnesterodon decemmaculatus, a native Neotropical fish, along a steep anthropogenic gradient in the Suquía River Basin (Argentina). Age-related changes in RTL differed significantly among sampling sites. Fish from the most contaminated site (IP) showed a tendency toward increasing RTL within the analyzed age range, a pattern that stands in contrast to most findings from temperate-region fish. Meanwhile, a moderately contaminated site (LC) followed the classic pattern of age-related telomere loss. We suggest that these divergent RTL patterns reflect site-specific physiological or compensatory responses, potentially involving the up-regulation of cellular maintenance or the selective persistence of tolerant phenotypes under extreme chronic stress. These results highlight the complex and context-dependent nature of telomere dynamics in the wild. Our findings indicate that while RTL is a sensitive indicator of environmental impact, its application as a robust biomarker requires a multi-proxy framework -integrating oxidative stress and telomerase assays- to accurately interpret the diverse biological responses of native species to anthropogenic change.
New psychoactive substances: the great escape.
Devault DA, Peyré A, Cottereau V … +1 more , Gaulier JM
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42268544 · Publisher ↗
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Removal of fluoxetine by adsorption in a fixed-bed column using a hybrid cryogel based on sodium poly(acrylate)/carboxymethyl chitosan.
Nkana GRN, Chabot B, Nguyen-Tri P
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42265393 · Publisher ↗
Removal of pharmaceuticals, particularly antidepressants, from aqueous environments using environmentally friendly adsorbents remains a challenge. This study developed a hybrid cryogel composed of sodium acrylate and car...
Removal of pharmaceuticals, particularly antidepressants, from aqueous environments using environmentally friendly adsorbents remains a challenge. This study developed a hybrid cryogel composed of sodium acrylate and carboxymethyl chitosan (NaPA-CMCs) through cryogelation and evaluated its effectiveness in removing antidepressants using a fixed-bed column. Fluoxetine (FLX) served as the target contaminant, with citalopram (CIT) and venlafaxine (VEN) used for competitive adsorption tests. The effects of pH, flow rate (Q), bed height (H), and initial concentration (C₀) on breakthrough curves were evaluated. FLX removal reached its highest level of 59.03% at pH = 8.5, H = 0.4 cm, Q = 1.5 mL/min, and C₀ = 10 mg/L. Competitive adsorption showed a higher affinity of FLX for the hybrid cryogel surface (9.98 mg/g) than CIT (4 mg/g) and VEN (2.17 mg/g). The pH (7.1) of the hybrid cryogel, the pKa 9.8 of FLX, and the pH of the solutions explain electrostatic interactions between sorption sites and ionized FLX. The Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models fit the experimental adsorption data (R > 0.97, RMSE < 0.062). Regeneration efficiency decreased to 17.8% by the fourth cycle due to alterations in the functional groups and damage to the porous structure of the cryogel during regeneration cycles. The NaPA-CMCs cryogel, therefore, shows potential for removing antidepressants from water.
Upgrading wastes into valuable resources: magnetic O-carboxymethylchitosan microspheres from shrimp shells and steel slag for effective adsorptive removal of Cd(II) ion.
Yahya RO, Alqahtani NF
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42262697 · Publisher ↗
A sustainable waste-to-resource strategy was developed for the production of magnetic crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan (MCCMCs) microspheres from waste shrimp shells and steel slag-derived magnetite nanoparticles, fo...
A sustainable waste-to-resource strategy was developed for the production of magnetic crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan (MCCMCs) microspheres from waste shrimp shells and steel slag-derived magnetite nanoparticles, for efficient removal of Cd(II) from contaminated water. Indeed, characterization performed confirmed the synthesis of porous and rough microspheres with magnetic separation capability (∼22 wt% magnetite) rich in amine and carboxylate binding sites. At optimum conditions, MCCMCs microspheres show the maximum adsorption capacity with an amount of 217.15 mg g⁻ where pH5 using adsorbent dose (0.04 g/100 mL), contact time (90 min), and initial Cd(II) concentration is (100 mg L⁻). The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model well, indicating monolayer chemisorption as the predominant uptake mechanism. Quantitative chemical analysis with EDX, FTIR, and XPS after adsorption confirmed participation of hydroxyl, amino, and carboxylate groups in the uptake of Cd(II). The other features of adsorbent was good reusability that remains nearly 89% efficiency after five cycles. These results confirmed that MCCMC microspheres can be an efficient, inexpensive, magnetically separable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II)-contaminated wastewater.
Assessing climate change impacts on wildfire risk in central appalachian forests of the Eastern United States.
Chathuranika IM, Ismael D
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 Jun · PMID 42262696 · Publisher ↗
Wildfire risk is increasing in the eastern U.S., yet spatial and climate-driven assessments remain limited. This study evaluates climate change impacts on wildfire risk in the Upper James Watershed (UJW) using baseline (...
Wildfire risk is increasing in the eastern U.S., yet spatial and climate-driven assessments remain limited. This study evaluates climate change impacts on wildfire risk in the Upper James Watershed (UJW) using baseline (2000-2019), near-future (2021-2040), and far-future (2061-2080) projections from a 12-model CMIP6 global climate model (GCM) ensemble under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. A wildfire risk model was developed in ArcGIS Pro using nine key factors and validated with MODIS hotspot data, showing good agreement between modeled risk patterns and observed fire occurrences (NOF = 0.21, RMSE = 4.20, MAE = 3.37). Baseline risk was primarily driven by land cover, fire-lookout visibility, annual precipitation, population density, and aspect. Baseline maps classified the UJW as very low (21%), low (60%), medium (18.77%), and high risk (0.23%), with high-risk zones concentrated in the southwestern and northeastern regions. Climate projections indicate increased precipitation (up to 8.78%) and rising temperatures (maximum 24.58%; minimum 92.11%), leading to a 519.75% expansion of high-risk areas and > 65% growth in medium-risk zones under SSP5-8.5 by the far-future period, particularly in autumn and spring, while winter risk declines across all scenarios. Jefferson National Forest shows moderate risk increases, whereas Moores Creek, Douthat, and Lake Robertson parks experience substantial growth, with Lake Robertson's risk doubling. This study fills a critical regional gap and supports climate-adaptive wildfire planning by enabling targeted risk prioritization, improved resource allocation, and enhanced long-term preparedness in vulnerable eastern U.S. landscapes.
Retraction Note: Genotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride and the protective role of essential oil of Salvia officinalis L. in mice using chromosomal aberration, micronuclei formation, and comet assay.
Diab KAE, Fahmy MA, Hassan ZM … +3 more , Hassan EM, Salama AB, Omara EA
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42260262 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Eco-friendly water treatment: performance and safety of Moringa oleifera versus aluminum sulfate coagulants.
Nabet N, Galal M, Mousa A … +1 more , Sheir S
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42260261 · Publisher ↗
Coagulants are vital in surface water purification. This study compares the coagulation efficiency of natural Moringa oleifera seed extract and conventional aluminum sulfate (alum) in treating drinking water, specificall...
Coagulants are vital in surface water purification. This study compares the coagulation efficiency of natural Moringa oleifera seed extract and conventional aluminum sulfate (alum) in treating drinking water, specifically addressing free-living protozoa-a previously understudied area, unlike research on M. oleifera which often focuses on parasitic protozoa. Water samples from Shebeen El-Koum treatment plant underwent analysis before and after coagulation for physicochemical and biological parameters. Results demonstrated that M. oleifera seed extract significantly reduced turbidity, total coliforms, fecal coliform, algae, and free-living protozoa. At concentrations of 550 and 600 mg/L, the efficiency of M. oleifera without addition of chlorine ranged between 68 and 98.6%. While M. oleifera effectively removed most contaminants, it slightly increased some parameters (notably nitrates), though remaining within permissible limits and needing further study. The study concludes that M. oleifera seed extract is an effective, cost-effective, and safer alternative to alum for water purification. Its natural origin eliminates risks from residual aluminum, making it eco-friendly and safe. Additionally, local availability in developing regions boosts cost-effectiveness, indicating strong potential for sustainable water treatment. However, varying effects on certain water quality indicators highlight the need for additional research to optimize its application. The findings support integrating M. oleifera into existing systems, especially in resource-limited areas, but more research is needed on long-term effects, scalability, and wider contaminant removal.
Membrane fouling analysis and mitigation strategies for PTFE hollow fiber membranes in rare earth enrichment process.
Wang C, Yang Y, Li X … +1 more , Wan Y
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42257835 · Publisher ↗
The extraction of ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits in southern China suffers from complex processing flows, severe environmental damage, and clarified solution exhibits high residual rare earth ion concentrations (~ 30 p...
The extraction of ion-adsorbed rare earth deposits in southern China suffers from complex processing flows, severe environmental damage, and clarified solution exhibits high residual rare earth ion concentrations (~ 30 ppm). This work innovatively proposed a coupled process of precipitation and membrane separation, using polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber membranes to separate and enrich the rare earth magnesium salt precipitates, successfully solving the above-mentioned problems. A systematic investigation was conducted to elucidate the membrane fouling mechanisms, utilizing nine membrane fouling models. The effects of operating parameters on membrane flux variation were investigated, as well as the kinetics of membrane fouling. The experimental results indicate that no rare earth ions were detected in the permeate, and the turbidity of the feed solution decreased from 110 to 1 NTU. The membrane filtration resistance is mainly reversible fouling resistance (Rr = 0.5228). The best fit was achieved with the complete blocking model (R = 0.9906) and the intermediate blocking model (R = 0.9908), suggesting that the fouling was primarily due to particle adsorption and deep pore blocking. Near-complete flux recovery (> 99%) was achieved through the synergistic effect of chemical (hydrochloric acid) and non-chemical (pure water backwashing) cleaning schemes. These findings provide a theoretical basis for promoting green mining of rare earths.
Bio-inspired stearic acid functionalized polylactic acid nanofibers with nanodome architecture for enhanced oil-water separation.
Soni N, Vas SD, Kumeria T … +1 more , Nayak R
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 Jun · PMID 42257834 · Publisher ↗
Growing environmental risks from oil spills and pressing demand for sustainable oil-water separation solutions underscore an urgent need for eco-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective sorbent materials. In this study, w...
Growing environmental risks from oil spills and pressing demand for sustainable oil-water separation solutions underscore an urgent need for eco-friendly, efficient, and cost-effective sorbent materials. In this study, we developed superhydrophobic nanofibers for rapid and efficient oil-water separation through surface modification with stearic acid. Polylactic acid (PLA) pellets were covalently grafted with stearic acid to introduce long-chain alkyl groups by Steglich-like esterification, followed by air-spray nebulization of the surface functionalized PLA to fabricate extremely light-weight nanofibrous sorbents with enhanced properties. Stearic acid modification significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity, surface roughness, and oleophilicity of the PLA nanofibers, resulting in superior oil sorption performance. Morphological and structural analyses (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) confirmed the formation of nanodome-like structures on the surface of the nanofibers, that contributed to strong water repellency. The engineered nanofibers exhibited remarkable oil adsorption performance across various petroleum products and edible oil, including both heavy and light oils. Diesel uptake capacity reached 65 g g, far surpassing that of unmodified PLA nanofibers (14.3 g g). Wettability studies revealed a clear transition from hydrophobic (130° ± 2°) to superhydrophobic (151° ± 2°) phase upon surface modification. The PLA-SA-grafted nanofibers maintained robust oil sorption performance across a broad pH range (3-11), demonstrating excellent stability under varying environmental conditions. This surface modification strategy presents a promising approach for developing biodegradable, high-performance nanofibrous sorbents with strong potential for practical oil-water separation applications.
Geological disposal of radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel: a long-term solution for nuclear waste management.
Sarker BK, Snigdha SS, Ahmed E … +5 more , Karmkar RC, Hossain MT, Mikat H, Ahmed S, Hossain F
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42257833 · Publisher ↗
Hazardous waste containing radioactive materials is known as radioactive waste (RW). Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) which is nuclear fuel that has been permanently removed from a nuclear reactor's core after irradiation and wi...
Hazardous waste containing radioactive materials is known as radioactive waste (RW). Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) which is nuclear fuel that has been permanently removed from a nuclear reactor's core after irradiation and will not be used in a nuclear power plant without undergoing reprocessing, is also extremely radioactive. Radioactive waste originates from the production of nuclear power and the application of radioactive substances in medicine, industry, agriculture, research, and education. The need to safely manage the radioactive wastes for human health and environmental protection has been realized already long time ago and much experience in this kind has been accumulated. Safe and effective disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is a challenging problem for the nuclear industry. Since these materials remain hazardous for ages ranging from thousands to millions of years, there is a need for finding technically, scientifically, and socially advanced and also socially accepted solutions. Most feasible long-term approach is geological disposal in which waste is isolated deep underground in stable geological formations. Technical, social, and environmental aspects of geological disposal such as multi-barrier system, site selection criteria, and safety considerations are thoroughly investigated in this paper. The development of deep geological repositories (DGRs) around the world is examined with an emphasis on successful case studies and the difficulties that current projects face. Challenges and controversies and the aim of deep geological disposal are also thoroughly analyzed.
Sustainable estrogen removal through adsorption onto carbon-derived materials prepared from biomass wastes: a review.
Exposto BM, Queiroz A, Ribeiro AE … +2 more , De Tuesta JLD, Brito P
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42250091 · Publisher ↗
The presence of estrogenic compounds in aqueous environments has raised significant environmental and public health concerns due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. These compounds, both natural (estrone: E1, 17β-estr...
The presence of estrogenic compounds in aqueous environments has raised significant environmental and public health concerns due to their endocrine-disrupting effects. These compounds, both natural (estrone: E1, 17β-estradiol: E2, and estriol: E3) and synthetic (17α-ethinylestradiol: EE2), are frequently detected in wastewater and surface waters, where conventional treatment processes often fail to remove them successfully. Adsorption has been regarded as a promising, low-cost solution for removing these compounds, especially when coupled with activated carbon made from agro-industrial waste. This is considered an environmentally friendly solution, as it reuses waste materials and adds value to them. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of 28 studies published from 2011 to 2026 on the use of activated carbon for the removal of estrogens. It discusses the properties of estrogens, their environmental impact, and the health risks of long-term exposure. It also explains the physicochemical mechanisms behind estrogen adsorption and highlights the main adsorption and kinetic models used, with a reflective discussion on the results. Although results are promising, most studies only performed their assays under ideal matrices or monocomponent systems. Future research should include multicomponent systems, simulated wastewater matrices, and initial estrogen concentrations closer to those found in nature. Challenges remain in improving adsorbent efficiency, regeneration, and overall sustainability.
The associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and low body height and weight of US children-a revisitation of 2013-2014 NHANES biospecimen data.
Soo JC, Mbadu SN, Adhikari A … +2 more , Wei Y, Zhang J
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42250090 · Publisher ↗
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants implicated in endocrine disruption and altered child growth. Previous studies of PFAS exposure and pediatric anthropometry have produce...
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants implicated in endocrine disruption and altered child growth. Previous studies of PFAS exposure and pediatric anthropometry have produced inconsistent findings. We analyzed biospecimen data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 cycle, which was re-released in 2022 following the removal of records initially included in error. Children aged 3-11 years (N = 525) were included in the current analyses. Five PFAS detected in all participants, PFNA, PFHxS, n-PFOA, n-PFOS, and Sm-PFOS, were evaluated. Serum PFAS concentrations were categorized into low (first quarter), moderate (second and third quarters), and high (fourth quarter). Age- and sex-specific percentiles of anthropometric measures were calculated using the CDC 2000 growth charts. Mean percentiles were then compared across PFAS exposure categories. An inverse correlation was detected between body height and all 5 PFAS; a one-standard-deviation increase in total PFOA (≈1.17 ng/mL) corresponded to a 5.8-point decrease in height percentile. Children in the highest quarter of total PFOA (> 2.70 ng/mL) had height and weight percentiles 14.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 28.8) and 13.2 (95% CI: 0.9, 25.5) points lower, respectively, than those in the lowest quarter (≤ 1.41 ng/mL; p for trend = 0.04). High Sm-PFOS levels were associated with a 10.1-point reduction in height percentile (95% CI: 1.1, 19.2; p for trend = 0.03). Moderate PFAS level associated with intermediate percentiles for both height and weight. No pattern was detected for body mass index percentile. Elevated serum PFAS concentrations are linked to lower body weight-for-age and height-for-age percentiles in children. These findings support a potential role for PFAS exposure in growth impairment and developmental delay.
Engineered FeO-biochar composite derived from oil palm frond waste for effective removal of methyl orange, amoxicillin, and nitrate: adsorption mechanisms.
Zubir A, Normaya E, Goh PS … +5 more , Piah MBM, Danial WH, Isahak WNRW, Ismail AF, Ahmad MN
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int · 2026 May · PMID 42250089 · Publisher ↗
A sustainable framework that emphasizes circular economy is essential to combat water contamination. This work presents a sustainable and multifunctional adsorbent derived from oil palm frond biochar (OPFB), engineered w...
A sustainable framework that emphasizes circular economy is essential to combat water contamination. This work presents a sustainable and multifunctional adsorbent derived from oil palm frond biochar (OPFB), engineered with nano-FeO which effectively removes methyl orange (MO), amoxicillin (AMX), and nitrate from aqueous solutions. Through optimization of pyrolysis and modification parameters, 2-h pyrolysis time, 500 °C pyrolysis temperature, and 0.25 M FeCl concentration, the nanobiochar achieved particle size of 82.65 nm with enhanced surface properties. Comprehensive characterization via FTIR, XRD, BET, TEM, and SEM-EDX confirmed the physicochemical modifications. ICP MS confirm no leaching occurred during MO, AMX, and nitrate removal. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the removal efficiency, yielding maximum removal of 100% for MO, 82.13% for AMX, and 75.26% for nitrate under specific adsorption conditions. The maximum adsorption capacity for MO is obtained at 41.0662 mg/g, AMX at 77.9870 mg/g, and nitrate at 105.4387 mg/g. Structure-property-performance relationships were assessed in this study to elucidate the correlation between physicochemical properties and adsorption efficiency while offering mechanistic insight via kinetic and isotherm studies, zeta potential, and spectroscopic analyses (FTIR, 2DIR, and XPS).
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