Berliner Und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Prospects of improved classical swine fever control in backyard pigs through oral vaccination.
Dietze K, Milicevic V, Depner K
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24511822
Success in controlling classical swine fever (CSF) in regions with high proportions of pigs kept in small scale and low-biosecurity production systems, often referred to as backyard production, tends to be hampered by th...
Success in controlling classical swine fever (CSF) in regions with high proportions of pigs kept in small scale and low-biosecurity production systems, often referred to as backyard production, tends to be hampered by the lack of control strategies properly addressing the peculiarities of this epidemiologically important subpopulation. Under many circumstances the commonly practiced parenteral immunisation using live attenuated C-strain vaccine shows limitations concerning outreach of services and overall vaccination coverage in the backyard pig population. It is therefore proposed to stronger consider oral vaccine baits, as used for CSF control in wild boar, to complement the set of tools for CSF control in domestic pigs. First field results confirm the feasibility of its practical implementation. Next to the increased flexibility in the delivery to the end user, this non-invasive method comes along with the advantage of reducing the need for direct animal contact and biosecurity-relevant interventions that might cause the spread of diseases through vaccination campaigns entailing external personnel entering farm premises. In combination with epidemiological methods suitable for this production sector like e.g. participatory epidemiology, adapted CSF control strategies can better support the needs of small scale farmers and ultimately contribute to household food security for a large number of stakeholders that will have backyard pig production as a reality for decades to come.
Classical swine fever in Europe--the current situation.
Postel A, Moennig V, Becher P
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24511821
Classical swine fever (CSF) is considered to be one of the most important viral diseases in pigs worldwide. In many parts of the world great efforts are being undertaken to reduce economic losses caused by CSF or to erad...
Classical swine fever (CSF) is considered to be one of the most important viral diseases in pigs worldwide. In many parts of the world great efforts are being undertaken to reduce economic losses caused by CSF or to eradicate the disease. Among the member states of the European Union (EU) a harmonized strategy for diagnosis, control and eradication of CSF is applied. Success of the common strategy is documented by the decreasing number of outbreaks during the last decade. The present article summarizes the recent situation concerning CSF in Europe with special focus on the situation in the EU member states. In particular, outbreaks in domestic pigs and wild boar, the identified virus isolates, and eradication and monitoring programs actually performed in the EU are described. Despite achieved progress towards eradication, CSF remains a continuous threat to the European pig and wild boar population. After introduction of CSF virus (CSFV) into the domestic pig population rapid spread as a consequence of high frequency of animal movements and intensive trade within Europe can be suspected. Platforms like the CSF sequence database and the CSF in wild boar surveillance database have been implemented as tools to easily exchange information concerning CSF. The improved availability of data about circulating CSFV isolates will help to elucidate possible sources of virus introduction and to better understand routes of virus transmission.
A need to define characteristics to be used in the taxonomy of the expanding pestivirus genus.
Ridpath JF
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24511820 · Publisher ↗
The relatively high rate of genetic drift observed with pestiviruses results not only in the emergence of new species but also in heterogeneity within recognized species. The grouping of pestiviruses into species was fir...
The relatively high rate of genetic drift observed with pestiviruses results not only in the emergence of new species but also in heterogeneity within recognized species. The grouping of pestiviruses into species was first based on host and to a lesser extent on clinical presentation, then later by antigenic comparisons and more recently genetic comparisons. Subgrouping within species is a more recent taxonomic development and has been based primarily on genetic comparisons. While there are a number of publications proposing new species within the Pestivirus genus or new subgroups within recognized pestivirus species, there is no consensus on the criteria required to declare a new species and subgroup. Defining the criteria used for segregation of species and subgroups within a species is important because differentiating viral species and subspecies and determining the regions in which they are endemic has profound implications for eradication efforts, the design of vaccines and for regulation of trade in livestock and animal derived products, such as fetal bovine serum. This review outlines criteria used for differentiating species within the different genera of the Flaviviridae, compares criteria previously used for differentiating pestiviruses and discusses the need for the development of a unified system for defining species and subgroups within the Pestivirus genus.
[Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): from biology to control].
Bachofen C, Stalder H, Vogt HR … +4 more , Wegmüller M, Schweizer M, Zanoni R, Peterhans E
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24511819
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is endemic worldwide. Together with classical swine fever and border disease viruses, it belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Most infections with BVDV take a tra...
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is endemic worldwide. Together with classical swine fever and border disease viruses, it belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Most infections with BVDV take a transient, acute, course. Only rarely BVDV persists in its hosts. Due to the early time point of infection in utero, persistently infected (PI) animals are immunotolerant to the infecting non-cytopathic BVDV. In such animals the virus may mutate to a cytopathic biotype, causing lethal mucosal disease. In BVD-endemic regions, approximately 1% of the animals are PI. Removal of all PI animals leads to extinction of BVD. This approach to BVD eradication has been vindicated in Scandinavia. Following the same principles, regional and country-wide eradication programs are run in different parts of the world. These programs differ in the way PI animals are detected and in the role of vaccines. The Scandinavian two-step method of detecting PI animals is based on (i) the high level of seroprevalence in herds where PI animals are present and (ii) on testing all animals for virus in such herds. However, the high average herd seroprevalence in Switzerland made it impossible to define a reasonable threshold for virus testing. Therefore, all animals were directly tested for virus in the year 2008 and all newborn calves until the end of 2012, when the PI prevalence had dropped to 0.02%. Vaccination remains prohibited. Since 2013, surveillance for BVD is accomplished by serology. As a unique consequence of eradication, over 7500 viral strains are available to us for genetic studies.
[A short history of the control and eradication of rinderpest].
Haas L
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24511818
This article gives a short review about the history of the control and finally eradication of Rinderpest, as only the second infectious disease in history. Emphasis is put on the 20th century. Beside the application of c...
This article gives a short review about the history of the control and finally eradication of Rinderpest, as only the second infectious disease in history. Emphasis is put on the 20th century. Beside the application of classical hygienic control measures, the development of appropriate diagnostic tools and of improved vaccines in conjunction with national and internationally coordinated actions, were pivotal for the eradication success. It is discussed which lessons are to be learned from this achievement--and what may be the next candidates for eradication.
[Salter-harris fractures in dogs and cats considering problems in radiological reports--a retrospective analysis of 245 cases between 1997 and 2012].
Engel E, Kneissl S
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490347
To identify typical trauma patterns or frequent radiological pitfalls that could help a radiologists in their daily routine, a retrospective study of Salter-Harris fractures in dogs and cats was performed. Radiographs ob...
To identify typical trauma patterns or frequent radiological pitfalls that could help a radiologists in their daily routine, a retrospective study of Salter-Harris fractures in dogs and cats was performed. Radiographs obtained in the period 1991-2012 of 288 fractures in 245 patients with suspected injuries affecting growth plates in the appendicular skeleton were retrieved from the imaging archive. The femur was the bone most frequently affected (46.5%), followed by the humerus (19.8%), tibia (13.5%) and radius (11.8%). The distal growth plate was in all bones more often involved than the proximal growth plate (79.5% vs. 20.5%). The frequency of Salter-Harris fractures was 39.9% type I, 37.8% type II, 3.1% type III and 19.1% type IV. In dogs the most common physeal fracture was a type IV fracture of the of the distal femur. Radiographically, physeal fractures were recognized by at least two Roentgen signs, including change in opacity, displacement of the epiphysis or the Thurston-Holland sign. On the basis of the review, the original radiographic reports of 44/288 fractures were considered erroneous regarding the incorrect Salter Harris grouping. In 5/44 instances, the radiological examination had technical deficiencies that may have contributed to the errors, including 3 with oblique projections. Minimal variations in the projection was evident in the majority of reviewed cases. Measures to help optimize radiographic reports will be discussed.
[Phenotypic trends and breeding values for canine congenital sensorineural deafness in Dalmatian dogs].
Blum M, Distl O
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490346
In the present study, breeding values for canine congenital sensorineural deafness, the presence of blue eyes and patches have been predicted using multivariate animal models to test the reliability of the breeding value...
In the present study, breeding values for canine congenital sensorineural deafness, the presence of blue eyes and patches have been predicted using multivariate animal models to test the reliability of the breeding values for planned matings. The dataset consisted of 6669 German Dalmatian dogs born between 1988 and 2009. Data were provided by the Dalmatian kennel clubs which are members of the German Association for Dog Breeding and Husbandry (VDH). The hearing status for all dogs was evaluated using brainstem auditory evoked potentials. The reliability using the prediction error variance of breeding values and the realized reliability of the prediction of the phenotype of future progeny born in each one year between 2006 and 2009 were used as parameters to evaluate the goodness of prediction through breeding values. All animals from the previous birth years were used for prediction of the breeding values of the progeny in each of the up-coming birth years. The breeding values based on pedigree records achieved an average reliability of 0.19 for the future 1951 progeny. The predictive accuracy (R2) for the hearing status of single future progeny was at 1.3%. Combining breeding values for littermates increased the predictive accuracy to 3.5%. Corresponding values for maternal and paternal half-sib groups were at 3.2 and 7.3%. The use of breeding values for planned matings increases the phenotypic selection response over mass selection. The breeding values of sires may be used for planned matings because reliabilities and predictive accuracies for future paternal progeny groups were highest.
Causes of death in calves with experimentally induced bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP).
Henniger P, Henniger T, Seehusen F … +2 more , Distl O, Ganter M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490345
The objective of this study was to identify the different causes of death in calves affected with bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP). A total of 51 precolostral calves were fed with colostrum from cows which had lost at...
The objective of this study was to identify the different causes of death in calves affected with bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP). A total of 51 precolostral calves were fed with colostrum from cows which had lost at least one calf after parturition due to BNP in previous lactations. Clinical BNP could be induced in 71% (36/51) and subclinical BNP in 20% (10/51) of the calves. 9% (5/51) of the calves stayed BNP-unaffected despite challenging with the same mixed colostrum and approved passive transfer of colostral antibodies. The case fatality rate in BNP-affected cases was 83% (38/46). In the 38 lethal BNP-cases gross-pathological and histopathological examinations were performed. BNP-induced haemorrhagic anaemia was the cause of death in 18 calves (47%). 19 of these lethal cases (50%) died due to infectious diseases, especially due to pneumonia, enteritis and septicaemia. One calf died due to severe enteritis and exsiccosis without any signs of BNP (3%). In conclusion, anaemia as the consequence of haemorrhages was the most prevalent cause of death in BNP-affected calves, however, BNP has been approved to increase the lethality of common infectious neonatal diseases.
Properties of an Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strain isolated from a donkey.
Sammra O, Balbutskaya A, Nagib S … +6 more , Alber J, Lämmler C, Abdulmawjood A, Timke M, Kostrzewa M, Prenger-Berninghoff E
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490344
The present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically an Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strain (A. haemolyticum P646) isolated from a purulent nasal discharge of a donkey. A. haemolyticum P646 sho...
The present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically an Arcanobacterium haemolyticum strain (A. haemolyticum P646) isolated from a purulent nasal discharge of a donkey. A. haemolyticum P646 showed, compared to sheep blood, an enhanced hemolytic reaction on rabbit blood agar, a synergistic CAMP-like reaction with Streptococcus agalactiae and Rhodococcus equi as indicator strains, a reverse CAMP reaction in the zone of Staphylococcus aureus beta-hemolysin and the typical biochemical properties of this species. The species identity could be confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis, by sequencing the 16S rDNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene gap and by amplification of A. haemolyticum specific parts of 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and 23S rDNA. A. haemolyticum P646 and the reference strain A. haemolyticum DSM 20595 were further characterized by amplification of the putative virulence genes encoding arcanolysin, phospholipase D, hemolysin A, CAMP factor family protein, a collagen binding protein and two neuraminidases which were present for A. haemolyticum DSM 20595. A. haemolyticum P646 showed a comparable gene spectrum but was negative for the genes encoding collagen binding protein and neuraminidase H. To our knowledge, the present study is the first phenotypic and genotypic characterization of an A. haemolyticum strain isolated from a donkey.
[The resistance status of gastrointestinal strongyles against anthelmintics in three Estonian sheep flocks].
Anupöld AM, Hinney B, Joachim A
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490343
Poor efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in sheep due to infections with resistant gastrointestinal strongyles is reported worldwide. The aim of this pilot study was to gain an insight into the current situation of anthelmint...
Poor efficacy of anthelmintic drugs in sheep due to infections with resistant gastrointestinal strongyles is reported worldwide. The aim of this pilot study was to gain an insight into the current situation of anthelmintic efficacy in Estonian sheep flocks. From September to November 2012, faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were carried out in three Estonian sheep farms, evaluating the efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin. Individual faecal samples were taken at the day of treatment and 10 to 14 days later and examined by a modified McMaster technique. Anthelmintic treatment was carried out with ivermectin (Bimectin 10 mg/ml, Bimeda Chemicals Export) subcutaneously with a dose rate of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight in the IVM group (n = 20 animals/farms 1 and 2; n = 5 for farm 3) or albendazol (Endospec 10%, Bimeda Chemicals Export) orally in the dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight in the ALB group (n = 20 animals/ farm); animals in the control group (n = 20 animals for farms 1 and 3, n = 18 for farm 2) were left untreated. The FECRT was carried out according to the WAAVP guidelines. On farm 1 the efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin was reduced with 66% and 65% FECR, respectively. With a FECR of 26% the results of farm 2 showed a pronounced albendazole resistance while ivermectin was still sufficiently efficient (99% reduction). Farm 3 showed nearly 100% efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin, but earlier problems with high endoparasite burden and mortality may indicate a possible developing albendazole resistance which could not be detected with the FECRT yet. The results of this study show that in Estonia resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones does occur, indicating that close countrywide monitoring is advisable.
Listeria monocytogenes in retailed raw chicken meat in Turkey.
Siriken B, Ayaz ND, Erol I
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490342
The objectives of this study were, to find the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes from a total of 116 chicken meat samples including 50 carcasses and 66 meat parts marketed in Turkey between 2008...
The objectives of this study were, to find the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes from a total of 116 chicken meat samples including 50 carcasses and 66 meat parts marketed in Turkey between 2008 and 2009 using immunomagnetic separation (IMS) based cultivation technique, to detect the hlyA gene for the verification of the isolates by PCR, and to identify the genoserotypes of the L. monocytogenes isolates by multiplex PCR assay. In the study, 51 L. monocytogenes colonies were isolated from 34 (29.3%) chicken meat samples (eleven [22.0%] carcasses and 23 [34.8%] pieces of meat) by IMS based cultivation technique and confirmed by PCR. According to the multiplex PCR results, all the 51 isolates were identified as genoserotype IIa (1/2a or 3a). L. monocytogenes isolates were also tested for their susceptibility to eight antibiotic (gentamicin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin G, erythromycin) agents using the disk diffusion method. 14 isolates (27.45%) were susceptible to all eight antimicrobials drugs tested and the remaining 37 isolates (72.54%) were resistant to gentamicin (one isolate, 1.96%), vancomycin (four isolates, 7.84%), penicillin G (six isolates, 11.76%), streptomycin (nine isolates, 17.64%; resistant or intermediate), tetracycline (seven isolates, 13.72%) and ampicillin (six isolates, 11.76%). This study showed that antimicrobial resistance is not highly prevalent in L. monocytogenes isolated from chicken carcasses and pieces of meat. The presence of L. monocytogenes in chicken samples suggests an importance of this pathogen in chicken.
[Implementation and results of the EU-wide baseline studies on the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in slaughter and breeding pigs in Austria].
Kostenzer K, Much P, Kornschober C … +2 more , Lassnig H, Köfer J
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490341
The Member States of the European Union are following a common strategy on the control of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens (Anonym, 2003). Within that framework baseline studies on the most relevant animal popula...
The Member States of the European Union are following a common strategy on the control of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens (Anonym, 2003). Within that framework baseline studies on the most relevant animal populations have been carried out. This paper describes the implementation and the results of the baseline studies on Salmonella spp. in slaughter and breeding pigs in Austria. A total of 647 slaughter pigs were sampled in 28 slaughterhouses between October 2006 and September 2007. Samples were taken from the ileocaecal lymphnodes to detect infection in pigs and from the surface of the carcasses to detect contamination. Out of the 617 datasets included in the final analysis, Salmonella prevalences of 2% in lymphnodes and 1.1% on the carcass surface were observed. S. Derby, S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the three most frequently identified serovars. In an additional study, a total of 252 holdings with breeding pigs has been sampled between January and December combined multiplier herds. Respectively prevalences of 5, 8, 5, 3 and 9.1% were obtained, with S. Typhimurium being the most frequently isolated serovar. Overall, compared to neighbouring Member States a rather low prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pigs was documented for Austria, in particular in slaughter pigs.The serovar distribution seemed to be similar throughout the pig populations, some also being represented in Austrian human isolates. Contamination of feed seems to play a minor role considering the overall low prevalence, but nevertheless has to be taken into account in any future control or monitoring strategy for Salmonella spp. in pigs.
[Estimation of the financial reserves required by livestock disease compensation funds for rebates in the course of disease outbreaks using the example of Saxony-Anhalt (Germany)].
Denzin N, Ewert B, Salchert F … +1 more , Kramer M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490340
With certain restrictions, the federal states of Germany are obligated to financially compensate livestock owners for animal losses due to livestock diseases. If livestock disease compensation funds demand contributions...
With certain restrictions, the federal states of Germany are obligated to financially compensate livestock owners for animal losses due to livestock diseases. If livestock disease compensation funds demand contributions from livestock owners for certain species in order to pay compensations, the federal states have to pay only one half of the rebate. The remaining 50% has to be financed through reserves of the respective compensation fund built up with the contributions. But there is no reference on how to calculate such financial reserves. Therefore, for the livestock disease compensation fund of Saxony-Anhalt (Germany), an attempt was made to estimate the required reserves.To this end, expert opinions concerning the expected number of affected holdings in potential outbreaks of different diseases were collected. In a conservative approach, assuming these diseases occur in parallel within a single year, overall costs as well as individual costs for altogether 25 categories and subcategories of livestock species were stochastically modeled.The 99.9th percentile of the resulting frequency distribution of the overall costs referred to a financial volume of about 23 million euro. Thus, financial reserves of 11,5 million euro were recommended to the livestock disease compensation fund.
[Two years BVD ear notch samples diagnostics--results from 16 districts of Lower Saxony].
Brackmann J, Amelung S, Haas L … +1 more , Kreienbrock L
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490339
Since June 1st 2010 all calves in Lower Saxony are tested by ear notch samples for the presence of Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD) Virus based on the Lower Saxony BVDV-regulation. Since January 1st 2011 the new German BVDV-a...
Since June 1st 2010 all calves in Lower Saxony are tested by ear notch samples for the presence of Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD) Virus based on the Lower Saxony BVDV-regulation. Since January 1st 2011 the new German BVDV-act requires an examination of the calves in the first 6 months of their life. In the Institute for Animal Health of LUFA Nord-West 1000-2000 ear notch samples originating from 16 rural districts are tested daily. In the period from June 1st 2010 to May 31st 2012 a total of 524,214 tissue samples were examined by an antigen ERNS ELISA. In case of low positive results the tests were verified by PCR. 2454 ear notch samples (0.47%) were from persistently with BVDV infected calves (PI-calves) coming from 763 farms (10.2% of the participating farms). In the first seven months of the eradication program 0.75% of the tested samples were positive. This number decreased in the year 2011 to 0.52%. In the first 5 months of 2012, only 0.18% of the ear notch samples tested positive.
Analysis of BVDV isolates and factors contributing to virus transmission in the final stage of a BVDV eradication program in lower Austria.
Rossmanith W, Jacková A, Appel F … +2 more , Wilhelm E, Vilcek S
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490338
The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI a...
The BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria according to the Swedish model started in 1997 as a voluntary strategy and became obligatory for all herd owners in 2004. In this paper we analyse BVDV isolates found in PI animals of the last infected cattle farms at the genetic level and describe possible risk factors for virus transmission in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program in Lower Austria, where only five infected herds were identified in 2010. Viral isolates from 23 farms on which PI animals had been detected in 2009 (n = 10), 2010 (n = 5), 2008 (n = 5) and in 2006 (n = 3) were analysed at a genetic level at the 5'-UTR. All isolates analysed by phylogenetic analysis fall into five BVDV-1 subgenotypes, i.e., b, e, f, g, and h. No new subgenotypes were identified when compared to isolates analysed at the beginning of the BVDV eradication program. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed three groups of herds with genetically identical isolates; the first group comprised two herds, the second seven herds and the third four herds. Analysis of several factors such as distance between herds, purchase of cattle, work of farmers, veterinarians, assistants of milk recording associations and animal carriers indicated the latter as the most critical factor for transmitting the same viruses. Seven herds of two groups of identical BVDV isolates were served by the same cattle carrier, six herds shared the veterinarian and five herds had the same assistant of the milk recording association who could be the risk factor for the introduction of BVDV into the herd. The analysis helped to stop virus transmission. Therefore, from early 2012 up to now, no new infection has occurred in Lower Austria. The results indicated that biosecurity is a very important factor to prevent the spreading of viruses in the final stage of the BVDV eradication program.
[Perioperative intensive-medical investigations regarding compatibility of the ketamine-azaperone-general anesthesia in pigs].
Lahrmann KH, Baars J, Rintisch U
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2014 · PMID 24490337
was observed. Perioperatively oxygen saturation was persistently high and mean arterial pressure was steady, too. An additional Ketamine administration caused a short tachycardia during operation. After restoration of to...
was observed. Perioperatively oxygen saturation was persistently high and mean arterial pressure was steady, too. An additional Ketamine administration caused a short tachycardia during operation. After restoration of total mobility, respiratory and heart rate stayed within the reference ranges again. All EMG values in between those caused by pain stimuli were significantly below the borderline of a muscle activity in conformity with a clinically visible complete muscle relaxation. Cortisol increased simultaneously with Ketamine and Azaperone before operation, but it remained at this level until the end of the determinations, parallel to the course of Norketamine, close to the maximum before anesthesia. The complex intensive-medical monitoring confirms that under real surgical conditions the counter-regulatory effects of both drugs equalize the respective cardiovascular and respiratory side effects. It is concluded also that the increase of cortisol is likely to be more a side effect of Ketamine/Norketamine than the expression of distress by surgical interventions or by wake-up reactions, and that an intoxication by additional Ketamine dosage or motoric disorders (i.e., catalepsis) can be excluded as undesired side effects of both drugs.
In response.
Kemper N
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24199389
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
"The role of bacterial pathogens in coliform mastitis in sows".
Bertschinger HU
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24199388
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
[The effectiveness of romifidine on myocardial function in horses with and without heart disease, evaluated with M-mode echocardiography and PW-tissue Doppler imaging].
Nagel D, Gehlen H
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24199387
The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the myocardial function in horses (measured by PW-tissue Doppler = PW-TDI) is affected during a sedation with romifidine (0.04 mg/kg, i. v.), particularly in case of a...
The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the myocardial function in horses (measured by PW-tissue Doppler = PW-TDI) is affected during a sedation with romifidine (0.04 mg/kg, i. v.), particularly in case of an accompanying heart disease. Based on an echo- and electrocardiographic examination, a total of 45 horses was subdivided into group 1 (no heart disease), group 2 (heart disease without increased heart dimensions) and group 3 (heart disease with increased heart dimensions). Heart rate (HF), M-mode- (FS%) and TDI-measurements were performed before and after the application of romifidine. The velocities of the radial myocardial movement in the left and right ventricular wall were evaluated using PW-TDI. The TDI parameters included the isovolumic contraction (IVC), the systolic (S) as well as the early (E) and late diastolic maximal velocity (A). After the application of romifidine HF and FS were significantly decreased in all groups. IVC, S and E, determined by PW-TDI were also significantly decreased in both ventricular walls. A significant difference between groups was shown for the isovolumic contraction in the left ventricular wall. This was observed distinctly more in horses with heart disease and increased heart dimensions compared to horses with heart disease but no increased heart dimensions. The results of the study indicate that PW-TDI is a suitable imaging technique to analyse the effects of romifidine on equine myocardial function. The major percentage change after application of romifidine for TDI measurements compared to the M-mode parameters indicate that the parameter myocardial velocity measured with TDI appeared to be the most sensitive parameter to document romifidine--induced changes on the myocardium.
The impact of Q fever-phase-specific milk serology for the diagnosis of puerperal and chronic milk shedding of C. burnetii in dairy cows.
Böttcher J, Frangoulidis D, Schumacher M … +3 more , Janowetz B, Gangl A, Alex M
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr · 2013 · PMID 24199386
C. burnetii infection might be associated with puerperal shedding; additionally, the chronic shedding of this pathogen in milk has been observed in individual animals. A longitudinal survey was performed in an endemicall...
C. burnetii infection might be associated with puerperal shedding; additionally, the chronic shedding of this pathogen in milk has been observed in individual animals. A longitudinal survey was performed in an endemically infected dairy cow herd with 100 cows in order to compare phase-specific milk-serology with pathogen shedding. From March 2010 through December 2011, 870 individual milk samples from 212 cows were analysed using both quantitative (q) PCR and phase-specific antibody-ELISA. The mean milk-shedding/cow was calculated for 137 cows with > or = 3 milk samples per cow. In addition, 110 puerperal swabs were collected after August 2010. The cows yielding three successive qPCR-positive milk samples or > 3 qPCR-positive milk samples, irrespective of the sequence of positive/negative results, were classified as chronic shedders (CS). Milk shedding was observed during the entire study, but a major period of puerperal shedding occurred from February through October 2011; 35/52 swabs tested positive, whereas only 3/58 swabs collected outside this period were positive. The PhI/PhII(+)-pattern in primiparous cows (< 36 months old) was consistent with puerperal shedding in the herd, but not at the individual level. This pattern was observed in older cows, irrespective of the period of puerperal shedding. Four primiparous CS-cows showed low-level mean shedding < 100 C.b./ml milk, and the PhI-titre increased from negative or weakly positive to more than 500 at the end of the first lactation. Puerperal shedding during the second parturition was observed in three of these cows. Six multiparous CS-cows with mean shedding exceeding 100 C.b./ml milk were characterised with stable PhI-titres of > or = 500. The three available puerperal swabs tested negative. Only one multiparous CS-cow showed low-level shedding and a PhI-titre below 500 for the entire study. In conclusion, the PhI-/PhII(+)-pattern in primiparous cows indicated puerperal shedding at the herd level, and a PhI-titre > or = 500 is a suitable screening method for the detection of chronic shedding in milk.
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