Banwo O, Jeremiah O, Adesina R
… +2 more, Adeyemo A, Fagbohun O
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735845
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BACKGROUND: Haemonchosis is a major parasitic infestation in ruminant livestock, causing significant economic losses annually. The causative organisms are helminths of the genus spp. Detection of the causative agent is...BACKGROUND: Haemonchosis is a major parasitic infestation in ruminant livestock, causing significant economic losses annually. The causative organisms are helminths of the genus spp. Detection of the causative agent is important for effective management and control of the disease. Molecular detection and characterization of parasites is a very dependable approach for parasite identification, especially where morphological characterization is unreliable. METHODS: To detect and characterize in cases of haemonchosis at a Municipal abattoir in Ibadan, Nigeria; abomasal samples were collected from cattle at the abattoir. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and amplify 320 bp internal transcribed spacer-2 () and 400 bp external transcribed spacer (ETS) genes of the adult worms in the samples. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction were carried out to further confirm the presence of the worms. RESULTS: PCR, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the presence of in the abomasal samples and further confirmed the species as a distinct species of bovine worms at the abattoir. Multiple sequence alignment also revealed genetic sites that can be employed to distinguish from and . CONCLUSION: Molecular techniques; PCR and sequence analysis are very important and reliable in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. This will help to formulate effective control measures for eradication of the parasite.
Samaila A, Basir R, Abdul Aziz NAL
… +6 more, Alarabei AA, Gambo ML, Abdullah MA, Hussain MK, Nordin N, Majid RA
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735843
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BACKGROUND: The interplay of OGG1, 8-Oxoguanine, and oxidative stress triggers the exaggerated release of cytokines during malaria, which worsens the outcome of the disease. We aimed to investigate the involvement of OGG...BACKGROUND: The interplay of OGG1, 8-Oxoguanine, and oxidative stress triggers the exaggerated release of cytokines during malaria, which worsens the outcome of the disease. We aimed to investigate the involvement of OGG1 in malaria and assess the effect of modulating its activity on the cytokine environment and anemia during malaria in mice. METHODS: infection in ICR mice was used as a malaria model. OGG1 concentration and oxidative stress levels in -infected mice and their control counterparts were assessed during malaria using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OGG1 activity in malaria mice was modulated using treatment with TH5487 and O8-OGG1 inhibitors. The effects of modulating OGG1 activity using OGG1 inhibitors on cytokine release and anemia during malaria infection were assessed by cytometric bead array and measurement of total normal red blood cell count respectively. RESULTS: The plasma OGG1 level was significantly upregulated and positively correlated with parasitemia during malaria in mice. Modulation of OGG1 ameliorated malaria severity by improving the total normal RBC count in TH5487 and O8-treated mice. Modulation of OGG1 with TH5487 caused significant reductions in serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10. Similarly, OGG1 modulation activity using an O8-OGG1 inhibitor caused a significant reduction in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate the involvement of OGG1 in the malaria infection. OGG1 inhibition by TH5487 and O8-OGG1 inhibitors suppressed excessive cytokine release, and this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for ameliorating the severity of malaria infection.
González-Morales AC, Molina-Garza ZJ, Gomez-Flores R
… +2 more, Zárate-Ramos JJ, Galaviz-Silva L
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735842
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop a sandwich ELISA, using polyclonal antibodies against excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens specific to coproantigens present in -positive dogs. METHODS: Antibodies were produced at Biologica...BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop a sandwich ELISA, using polyclonal antibodies against excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens specific to coproantigens present in -positive dogs. METHODS: Antibodies were produced at Biological Sciences School, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, in 2023 by immunization of rabbits with antigenic extracts from in vitro cultures of larvae. Assays were performed on 100 stool samples from pet dogs, measuring sensitivity, specificity, and cross-reactivity against other parasitic infections. RESULTS: High values of sensitivity (100%), specificity (90.9%), and positive (93.47%) and negative (95.45%) predictive values were obtained, respectively. We obtained an E/S protein with a molecular weight of 70 kDa, which showed high sensitivity and specificity by ELISA, but it presented cross-reactivity against and . CONCLUSION: Additional studies are necessary to increase the specificity percentage since this assay demonstrated significant potential as a useful and inexpensive diagnostic tool for immunodiagnostic in dog feces.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735841
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Malaria has become widespread, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to disruptions experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both cerebral malaria and acute kidney injury are important indicators of severe malaria. De...Malaria has become widespread, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to disruptions experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both cerebral malaria and acute kidney injury are important indicators of severe malaria. Depending on the degree of acute renal failure, hemodialysis/hemofiltration treatment is required. Our patient was a 22-year-old male from the Republic of Chad. The patient with confusion came to our country 15 days prior and was admitted to the internal medicine intensive care unit. Initially, Thrombocytopenic Thrombocytic Purpura (TTP) was considered because of clinical and laboratory similarities. As the patient had a history of coming from an endemic area, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly, malaria was considered. The patient was diagnosed with malaria due to the presence of multiple ring-shaped trophozoites and banana gametocytes. The patient with cerebral malaria, hyperparasitemia (parasite load 15%), hyperbilirubinemia and acute kidney injury was considered to have severe malaria. Intravenous artesunate was planned, but since it could not be obtained immediately, oral artemether+lumefantrine was started, and the patient became conscious at the 24th hour of treatment. During the follow-up, the patient's creatinine levels increased to 6.9, and the patient was subjected to hemodialysis several times. After effective hemodialysis and antimalarial treatment, the patient was discharged without sequelae on the 20th day of hospitalization. This case report is thought to be important in that it emphasizes that the diagnosis of malaria may be delayed due to its confusion with microangiopathic hemolytic anemias, and that it emphasizes the importance of correct management of complications.
Semnan S, Kia EB, Sharifdini M
… +2 more, Darabi E, Fakhrieh-Kashan Z
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735840
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BACKGROUND: is one of the neglected tropical diseases. We aimed to verify the genetic diversity of with attention to clinical features of the infection in patients using the 1 gene and DNA sequencing. METHODS: Using pa...BACKGROUND: is one of the neglected tropical diseases. We aimed to verify the genetic diversity of with attention to clinical features of the infection in patients using the 1 gene and DNA sequencing. METHODS: Using parasitological methods, was isolated from stool samples of patients who had been referred to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The patients originated from three endemic provinces of Iran including Guilan and Mazandaran in the north and Khouzestan in the south of Iran. After recording the clinical symptoms of the patients, DNA extraction of the isolates, PCR, and sequencing of the 1 gene region were performed. The gene sequences were analyzed by Chromas, Bio edit, and Dna SP 6.0, and phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 7. RESULTS: Overall 10 isolates of were collected from patients 55 to 73 years old. Among the patients, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cutaneous clinical symptoms were the most common, respectively. Ten isolates were classified into 4 haplotypes, 2 of which were specific to this study. Haplotypes 2 and 3 were placed in a subclade with haplotypes including isolates from dogs in Cambodia. Haplotype 4 which is hereby introduced in the world for the first time included an isolate from a patient with hyper-infection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis. CONCLUSION: The 1 gene showed genetic diversity for isolates. Accordingly, no significant genetic difference was observed between the sequences from patients with hyper-infection and non-hyper-infection. The only isolate from a patient with disseminated and hyper-infection strongyloidiasis was genetically different from all other isolates in the present study.
Teimouri A, Mahmoudi S, Behkar A
… +4 more, Sahebi K, Foroozand H, Hassanpour G, Keshavarz H
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735839
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is an intracellular parasite capable of crossing the placenta in pregnancy and infecting the developing fetus, leading to various congenital anomalies and even abortion. Acute infection is responsible for almost all cas...is an intracellular parasite capable of crossing the placenta in pregnancy and infecting the developing fetus, leading to various congenital anomalies and even abortion. Acute infection is responsible for almost all cases of congenital toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent pregnant women. Prenatal screening for acute toxoplasmosis primarily involves maternal serology and fetal ultrasound imaging. When serological or ultrasound findings suggest acute infection, further diagnostic tests are necessary to confirm fetal infection. Currently, molecular methods to detect the parasite's DNA, including polymerase chain reaction-based methods, on amniotic fluid are the gold standard tests for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. In this review, we aim to discuss various aspects of screening and diagnostic methods for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy, including (i) current serological assays, screening approaches, and future perspectives; (ii) the role of imaging techniques, with an emphasis on ultrasound; (iii) principles and recent advances in diagnostic molecular methods; (iv) emerging techniques, such as point-of-care-based tests and biosensors, and microRNAs as novel biomarkers of acute infection; and (v) an overview of screening programs in different countries, important epidemiological determinants, and recommendations for screening health policies.
Mohammadi A, Dalimi A, Ghafarifar F
… +2 more, Pirestani M, Akbari M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735838
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to identity endosymbiont in -positive samples in natural and laboratory conditions. METHODS: Overall, 134 samples were collected from hospital environments. Microscopic and PCR test were used for de...BACKGROUND: We aimed to identity endosymbiont in -positive samples in natural and laboratory conditions. METHODS: Overall, 134 samples were collected from hospital environments. Microscopic and PCR test were used for detection of and The real-time PCR method was used to check the active presence of within under natural conditions from hospital samples and in co-culture laboratory conditions. RESULTS: The rate of contamination of hospital samples with was 44.7%. Out of 42 PCR-positive samples, 13 isolates (31%) were positive in terms of endosymbiont according to sampling location. is able to penetrate and enter the parasite. CONCLUSION: is able to contaminate in natural and laboratory conditions. The presence of pathogenic in various hospital environments and the hiding of as an endosymbiont inside it can pose a serious threat to the health of hospitalized patients.
Allahmoradi M, Najafi F, Koosha M
… +8 more, Kazemirad E, Latifi A, Naddaf SR, Mirjalali H, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Otranto D, Mowlavi G
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735837
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Rodents are the primary reservoir hosts for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by . Knowing reservoir hosts is crucial for leishmaniasis surveillance and control programs in endemic areas. In this study, we ex...Rodents are the primary reservoir hosts for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) caused by . Knowing reservoir hosts is crucial for leishmaniasis surveillance and control programs in endemic areas. In this study, we examined an archived spleen of obtained during a pest control program in 2000 in Tehran, the capital of Iran. The sample was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing to determine the presence of Trypanosomatidae based on the internal transcribed spacer () 1 gene. Amplification and sequencing of the discriminative region of the gene followed by BLAST analysis showed the highest similarity with isolates. Also, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that our sample was grouped with isolates retrieved from the GenBank database. This finding might support the claim that acts as a potential reservoir host for . Further studies, including a survey on more rodent samples as well as studying sandflies in the area, might uncover the possible presence of such pathobiological conditions in ZCL transmission in urban and suburban settings.
Baccega B, Fenalti JM, de Mello AB
… +11 more, Islabão YW, Birmann PT, Neis A, de Giacometi M, Monteiro FL, de Oliveira Hubner S, de Almeida Vaucher R, Farias NADR, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Oliveira CB
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735836
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BACKGROUND: Avian trichomoniasis is an important disease that causes bird mortality, both wild and captive, around the world. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antiparasitic activity of cit...BACKGROUND: Avian trichomoniasis is an important disease that causes bird mortality, both wild and captive, around the world. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antiparasitic activity of citral (3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadienal) and geraniol (trans-3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadien-1-ol) against trophozoites. METHODS: In vitro assays were conducted at the Laboratory of Protozoology and Entomology (LAPEN) at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil in 2019 using tests with 10 parasites and citral and geraniol at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM and four controls: NC (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 100 μM of metronidazole), and TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilizing derivatives (0.01% Tween). RESULTS: The citral (60 μM) and geraniol (50 μM) concentrations reduced the trophozoites's viability by 100%. The molecular docking experiment demonstrated that citral and geraniol might inhibit a hydrogen enzyme for survival. CONCLUSION: The major compounds of lemongrass have potential antitrichomonal activity against in vitro.
Bairami A, Kabir K, Abbasi Alaei B
… +2 more, Bahadory S, Rezaeian M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39735835
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BACKGROUND: Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan which causes health and emotional damages to the sufferers annually. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and its...BACKGROUND: Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the protozoan which causes health and emotional damages to the sufferers annually. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of and its related risk factors among the high-risk women in the city of Karaj, central Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and September 2022. In all 192 samples were taken from high-risk women referred to the center for vulnerable women and also from women in Fardis Prison of Karaj. All samples were examined by culture and microscopic method. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of in high-risk women was estimated at 7.8% (15/192). Subgroup prevalence was also assessed according to the severity of symptoms, and no significant association was observed between the prevalence and the symptoms' severity. CONCLUSION: Due to the high prevalence of the parasite among vulnerable/high-risk women, particularly in people with poor socioeconomic conditions, preventive health measures in this high-risk group seem necessary. Nevertheless, given that men have no symptoms but may be carriers of the parasite, the same study is also recommended for men.
Arif M, Rasheed SB, Ullah H
… +3 more, Shah TA, Rehman FU, Dawoud TM
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318824
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BACKGROUND: is a significant malaria vector in Pakistan, and understanding its feeding behavior is necessary to control the spread of malaria. However, limited information is available on the host preferences of in Pak...BACKGROUND: is a significant malaria vector in Pakistan, and understanding its feeding behavior is necessary to control the spread of malaria. However, limited information is available on the host preferences of in Pakistan. Therefore, we aimed to explore the feeding behavior of , a malaria vector, in the District Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. METHODS: A total of 7462 mosquitoes were collected between March and September 2021, with 1674 (22.4%) identified as (952 female and 722 male). Among the female , 495 (52%) were blood-fed. DNA was extracted from the blood-fed female mosquitoes using the Ammonium Acetate Precipitation Method followed by PCR analysis, blood meal sources were identified. Nested PCR on 191 pooled samples was used to detect and . RESULTS: Cattle blood meals were predominant (73%), followed by human (20%) and chicken (7%), with no dog blood meals detected. All individual mosquito samples were negative for , while two pooled samples (out of 191) tested positive for . CONCLUSION: in Khyber District primarily displayed anthropophagic feeding behavior, with a small portion of the population infected with . The results underscore the importance of targeted vector control strategies, environmental management, community engagement and continuous monitoring to suppress malaria transmission.
Sadeghi F, Lotfalizadeh N, Khedri J
… +1 more, Borji H
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318823
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BACKGROUND: As an ecological and ethical method employed for poultry farming, free-range chicken keeping is growing and is important in fostering rural farmers' livelihoods and community prosperity. This study aimed to d...BACKGROUND: As an ecological and ethical method employed for poultry farming, free-range chicken keeping is growing and is important in fostering rural farmers' livelihoods and community prosperity. This study aimed to determine the nature and prevalence of helminth infections in native poultry in Zabol, Iran. METHODS: Between 2022 and 2023, 160 chickens were acquired and slaughtered ethically, and then their gastrointestinal tracts were taken and formalin preserved in Zabol, Iran. The parasites were isolated from gastrointestinal mucus in the laboratory and characterized using a microscope and specific methods such as Acetocarmine staining. RESULTS: Among 160 dissected birds, 92 (57.5%) were presented with gastrointestinal parasites, with 64 (40%) containing cestodes, 16 (10%) containing nematodes, and 12 (7.5%) infected by both. Observations were made of seven different species. () (10%), (7.5%), and (3.12%) represent the three main nematode species. While (33.12%) was the most prevalent cestode, (6.25%), (5%), and (3.12%) were less common. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that free-range chickens in the arid Zabol region had a high prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. There is a strong correlation between chicken foraging behavior and exposure to contaminated soil, with certain nematodes and cestodes constituting the most prevalent, negatively affecting bird growth, productivity, and health. Therefore, improving poultry welfare by applying parasite control measures and implementing appropriate management strategies is essential.
Taheri T, Davarpanah E, Samimi-Rad K
… +1 more, Seyed N
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318822
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In eukaryotes, translation is a fundamental step in the long pathway of protein synthesis within the cell. In this process, several proteins and factors have involved directly or indirectly, individually or in associatio...In eukaryotes, translation is a fundamental step in the long pathway of protein synthesis within the cell. In this process, several proteins and factors have involved directly or indirectly, individually or in association with other elements to contact mRNA. For perfect translation, many essential modifications should be done, such as cis-splicing to remove introns and two main events for capping and poly A polymerization in 5' and 3' end of mRNA, respectively. Gene expression is then regulated at both translation and stability of the target mRNA molecule levels. Pumilio/FBFs (PUFs) are the main group of RNA-binding proteins which bind to the 3'-UTR of target RNA and thereby regulate the fate, stability and subcellular localization of mRNAs and adjust the translated protein level. PUF proteins have been found both in nucleus where that bind to precursor mRNA, for processing and maturation of rRNA, and in cytoplasm where that bind to mRNA, stall the ribosomes, suppress the translation and localization of the mRNA. They can regulate the expression of mRNAs through activation or suppression of translation. Therefore, these proteins have recently garnered much attention as new generation of therapeutic targets against diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders. In comparison to other eukaryotes, trypanosomatids have a high number of PUF proteins, which function not only as gene expression regulatory factors but also in several biological processes such as differentiation and life-cycle progression of the cells. Here, we review the molecular and biological roles of known PUF proteins in TriTryp parasites (, and ) beside some other parasites.
Valizadeh GR, Mahboubian MM, Maghsoud AH
… +4 more, Mirzaei F, Haghi SM, Parvar FF, Fallah M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318821
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BACKGROUND: is one of the most common parasites worldwide. It is of great importance to identify new potential drugs that are effective and less harmful in pregnant women and newborns. We investigated nanoemulsion milte...BACKGROUND: is one of the most common parasites worldwide. It is of great importance to identify new potential drugs that are effective and less harmful in pregnant women and newborns. We investigated nanoemulsion miltefosine (NEM) in treating experimental acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. METHODS: A combination of triacetin, Tween 80, and ethanol (1:2) was used for the development of NEM formulations. The size of NEM was calculated to be 17.463 nm by DLS and TEM. To investigate the performance of miltefosine (MLF), NEM, sulfadiazine (SDZ), and pyrimethamine (PYR) (positive control) in vivo, acute toxoplasmosis was induced in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of RH strain tachyzoites. After five days, the mice were examined for the number and condition of tachyzoites and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen. Chronic toxoplasmosis was investigated in rats and the number and size of brain cysts along with histopathological changes were assessed in different groups. RESULTS: The results of the in vivo assessment of drugs in acute toxoplasmosis showed the following order regarding a decrease in the number of tachyzoites and an increase in survival rate: SDZ&PYR > NEM > MLF. The effects of drugs on chronic toxoplasmosis showed a significant effect of NEM (50%) on reducing the number of cysts compared to SDZ&PYR (10%) and MLF (12%) and reducing the size of NEM brain cysts (21%) compared to SDZ&PYR (5 %) and MLF (8%). CONCLUSION: Increasing the penetration of NEM through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and subsequently reducing the number and size of tissue cysts is a promising new drug in treating chronic toxoplasmosis.
Pirmoradi S, Khadem MD, Monjezi Z
… +2 more, Bahrami S, Nzelu CO
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318820
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BACKGROUND: The lack of complete protection against leishmaniasis and the challenges of anti-leishmaniasis drug treatment have made the treatment process more difficult. This study aimed to develop a new strategy for pre...BACKGROUND: The lack of complete protection against leishmaniasis and the challenges of anti-leishmaniasis drug treatment have made the treatment process more difficult. This study aimed to develop a new strategy for preparing a vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis using some of the antigenic proteins of the parasite. METHODS: This study was carried out in 2022 at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. After preparing suitable epitopes of the parasite and examining their antiparasitic properties, the process of making a fusion vaccine was performed and with the help of various bioinformatics tools, physicochemical and structural properties as well as immunological and simulation properties were studied and finally optimized. Construction and cloning were performed in the K12 system and finally, the docking process was performed with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), and MHC-II receptors. With the help of selected epitopes of the parasite, which had a high percentage of population coverage, a stable, antigenic, and non-allergenic chimeric vaccine was predicted. RESULTS: The results of the structural analysis of the TLR5\vaccine complex and simulation of its molecular dynamics showed a sufficiently stable binding. It also showed good potential for stimulation and production of active B cells and memory, as well as the potential for CD8+ T, CD4+ T cell production and development of Th2 and Th1-induced immune responses. CONCLUSION: Computational results showed that the designed immunogenic structure has the potential to adequately stimulate cellular and humoral immune responses against parasitic disease. As a result of evaluating the effectiveness of the candidate vaccine through in vivo and in vitro immunological tests, it can be suggested as a vaccine against .
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318819
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BACKGROUND: There are ten genotypes of with different intermediate and final hosts affecting the parasite's life cycle and its transmission to humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the genotype of iso...BACKGROUND: There are ten genotypes of with different intermediate and final hosts affecting the parasite's life cycle and its transmission to humans. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the genotype of isolated hydatid cysts using the simple and fast high-resolution melting point analysis (HRM) method. METHODS: The paraffin tissue samples of patients who underwent surgery were obtained from the pathology sample bank of Vasei and Emdad Hospitals in Sabzevar, Iran during 2010-2020. The DNA content of the samples was extracted after collecting and determining the characteristics using the DNA extraction kit. PCR was performed on the samples and the presence of the hydatid cyst genome was confirmed using the special Master Kit. Mix PCR of Solis Biodyne Company and Real-Time device (Bio-Rad) were used, and the genetic identity of hydatid cysts were determined. RESULTS: Out of 33 paraffin samples, 21 samples contained hydatid cyst DNA, two of which were from the brain and 19 from the liver tissues; 12 samples did not contain hydatid cyst DNAs. All liver samples were from sheep species (G1), and the brain samples were from buffalo species (G3). Therefore, 9.53% of the species collected were buffalo (G3), and 90.47% were sheep (G1) strain. CONCLUSION: Based on previous patterns, HRM methods can be used for easy and quick identification of strains. The G1 strain was the dominant strain causing hydatid cyst in different human organs, including the liver and brain.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318818
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We report a case of infection with the zoonotic nematode sp. in a 24-year-old woman from Varna, Bulgaria. Two days before seeking medical attention, the patient had noticed a filamentous mass in her buccal mucosa that m...We report a case of infection with the zoonotic nematode sp. in a 24-year-old woman from Varna, Bulgaria. Two days before seeking medical attention, the patient had noticed a filamentous mass in her buccal mucosa that migrated when touched with the tongue. She manually removed a thread-like worm from the mucosa near her lower lip. Albendazole was prescribed for three days. The patient had no history of travelling abroad or contact with animals. To our knowledge, this is the sixth case that has been reported in the country.
Rangasamy V, Annamalai L, Kanniappan VM
… +4 more, Mani S, Natarajan BP, Chinnaswamy PP, Alagarsamy A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318817
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Trypanosomes are the extraerythrocytic haemoflagellate protozoan parasites of domestic and wild animals including dogs. A male Rottweiler dog was presented with the history of anorexia, cloudy eyes and vomiting for a wee...Trypanosomes are the extraerythrocytic haemoflagellate protozoan parasites of domestic and wild animals including dogs. A male Rottweiler dog was presented with the history of anorexia, cloudy eyes and vomiting for a week. The dog was examined both physically and clinically. Blood was collected and subjected to haematological and biochemical analysis. Echocardiography of the thoracic cavity and ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity were performed. Molecular confirmation of parasite was carried out by PCR and DNA was sequenced to identify strain variations. Upon clinical examination, the dog revealed emaciation with high fever, unilateral corneal opacity, anemia, enlarged lymph nodes and distended abdomen. Echocardiography of the thoracic cavity showed ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy. Ultrasonography of the abdominal cavity showed splenomegaly and renomegaly. Haematological findings revealed decreased haemoglobin and erythrocyte count and biochemical findings revealed increased BUN and creatinine, hypoglycemia and hypoalbuminemia. Wet film and blood smear examination revealed actively motile trypanosomes and massive infection of trypanosomes, respectively. Molecular confirmation of species was carried out by amplification of 227 bp partial VSG gene of , subsequently sequenced and phylogenitically analysed. The infected dog was treated intramuscularly with diminazene aceturate @ 3.5 mg/kg b.wt along with the supportive therapy. The study described the occurrence and diagnosis of trypanosomosis in dog. Early diagnosis and timely treatment is the most reliable way to safeguard the companion animals. It is the first report on trypanosomosis in dog from Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu, India.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 39318816
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Human dirofilariasis is a rare anthropo-zoonotic disease, mainly detected in Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Central Asia, and Sri Lanka. An increasing number of autochthonous spp. infections has been recently...Human dirofilariasis is a rare anthropo-zoonotic disease, mainly detected in Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Central Asia, and Sri Lanka. An increasing number of autochthonous spp. infections has been recently reported in the areas previously considered free of the disease, including northern Europe and the Baltic States. A rare autochthonous case of scrotal dirofilariasis detected in Lithuania was described. Here, a 42-year-old male presented with a 1 cm nodule, limited in the scrotum. A nodule excision was performed. On histological examination, a degenerating roundworm with the features of spp. (multilayered cuticle, well-developed musculature, focally preserved longitudinal ridges) was detected in the abscess cavity. No additional treatment was needed. Twenty-four publications reporting 28 male genitalia dirofilariasis cases in European countries have been identified.