Alipour M, Masoori L, Gholami MD
… +6 more, Khoshmirsafa M, Razmjou E, Jalallou N, Jafarian F, Falak R, Meamar AR
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654956
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BACKGROUND: Uncovering the roles and characteristics of pathogenesis-related molecules can help us develop novel management methods in parasitology. In this study, we studied the expression levels of heat shock protein7...BACKGROUND: Uncovering the roles and characteristics of pathogenesis-related molecules can help us develop novel management methods in parasitology. In this study, we studied the expression levels of heat shock protein70 (HSP70) () and astacin () as pathogenesis-related genes as well as the expression of HSP70 and HSP17.1 (, ) in the larvae and adult stages of . METHODS: A hyperinfection isolate of from Gilan Province, northern Iran was cultivated on nutrient agar. After a couple of days, parasites in different stages of life were collected, and total RNA was extracted. The expression levels of astacin and HSP genes were compared by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Statistically higher expression levels of , and genes in L3 larvae than in adults were observed. However, the expression level of was non-significantly lower in the larval stage than in adult worms. CONCLUSION: Higher expression levels of , , and genes in the larval stages of suggest the potential role of these enzymes in parasite cutaneous invasion and pathogenesis. However, higher expression of in adult forms is probably involved in resistance and survival mechanisms. The similarity in gene expression between . and can provide helpful hints to better understand strongyloidiasis from various perspectives, including pathogenesis, proper diagnosis, and targeted treatment.
Khademvatan S, Yousefi E, Asadi N
… +1 more, Abasi E
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654955
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of miltefosine on RH strain by various techniques. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia Universit...BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of miltefosine on RH strain by various techniques. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2020. Four groups of five BALB/c mice were selected. The cytotoxicity test was conducted by adding miltefosine to tachyzoites; control tachyzoites received PBS and MTT assay was done on each suspension. For evaluating the Th1-type immune responses, the serum levels of IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed in mice after injecting tachyzoites and miltefosine, respectively. The flow cytometry technique was performed on tachyzoites challenged with IC and IC doses of miltefosine and unchallenged cells. DNA fragments in tachyzoites were detected by Terminal dUTPnick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. RESULTS: Overall, 256, 64, 32, and 16 μg concentrations of miltefosine, respectively could kill more than 50% of viable tachyzoites. The infected mice group, treated with miltefosine, significantly produced more IFN-γ relative to other groups (< 0.001). Moreover, a significant difference was found in inducible NO synthase between the experimental and control groups (<0.05). The flow cytometry results demonstrated a concentration-dependent apoptosis rate in tachyzoites incubated with miltefosine, though the necrosis rate was non-significant. DNA fragmentation analysis indicated oligonucleotides (18-200 bp) in tachyzoites treated with 11μg of miltefosine for 24, 48 and 72 h. However, this pattern was not observed in untreated control microorganisms. CONCLUSION: Miltefosine could be a favorable candidate for use as a new treatment for toxoplasmosis.
Khazaei S, Dalimi A, Pirestani M
… +1 more, Ghafarifar F
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654954
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BACKGROUND: The current study was done to determine the primary biochemical features and immunogenic epitopes of glutathione S-transferase protein as a potential vaccine candidate. METHODS: Several web tools were emplo...BACKGROUND: The current study was done to determine the primary biochemical features and immunogenic epitopes of glutathione S-transferase protein as a potential vaccine candidate. METHODS: Several web tools were employed to predict physico-chemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, subcellular localization, signal peptide, transmembrane domain, secondary and tertiary structure followed by refinement and validations. In addition, B-cell epitopes were predicted and were screened using various web servers, while MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were predicted using IEDB and NetCTL servers, respectively. RESULTS: The protein had 219 residues with a molecular weight of 25.55 kDa and alkaline isoelectric pH (7.5). This protein was stable, thermo-tolerant (aliphatic index: 78.04) and hydrophilic (GRAVY: -0.440). The predicted antigenicity scores were low and the protein was nonallergenic in nature. There were no transmembrane domain and signal peptide in the sequence. Moreover, several B-cell, MHC-binding and CTL epitopes were found in the EgGST protein, which could be further used in multi-epitope vaccines. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed on the development of vaccines in vivo using EgGST alone or in combination with other antigens in the future.
Asadi P, Zarei Z, Mohebali M
… +4 more, Alizadeh Z, Najafi F, Izadi S, Heidari Z
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654952
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BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable global public health problem. We aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections among people referring to the central laboratory o...BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable global public health problem. We aimed to determine the frequency of intestinal parasitic infections among people referring to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, Ardabil Province, Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional survey, 460 fecal samples were collected randomly from persons referred to the central laboratory of Meshkin Shahr City, from January to June 2022. The samples were examined by direct wet-mount, Trichrome and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, formalin ethyl acetate sedimentation, and agar plate culture. RESULTS: The frequency of intestinal parasites was 15.7% (72 out of 460 cases), with some people with numerous intestinal parasites. The frequency of protozoan infections (13.9%) was higher than the helminthic infections (2.6%). spp. (8.1%) was the most prevalent detected intestinal protozoan. (5.7%), (2.2%), (1.5%), spp. (0.2%), and (0.2%) were other detected parasites. CONCLUSION: In- spite of betterment of the health condition in Iran and reduction of parasitic infection, intestinal parasitic infections are still a considerable public health issue in some parts of Iran.
Aydemir S, Barlık F, Ekici A
… +4 more, Barlık DH, Alkan S, Gürbüz E, Yılmaz H
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654951
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the prevalence of and spp. in patients who admitted hospital with diarrhea and to gain information about the transmission of these parasites in Ağrı, Türkiye. METHODS: This study inclu...BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the prevalence of and spp. in patients who admitted hospital with diarrhea and to gain information about the transmission of these parasites in Ağrı, Türkiye. METHODS: This study included 184 patients who applied to Ağrı-Diyadin State Hospital, Türkiye in 2022. The immunochromatographic card test was used for detection of the and spp. Nested PCR-RFLP analysis of the COWP gene and sequence analysis of the gp60 gene were used to genotype and subtype spp., whereas Nested PCR and sequence analyses of β-giardin gene were used genotype . RESULTS: Of the 184 stool specimens examined, 12 (14.29%) and 7 (3.80%) were positive for and spp., respectively. The species were identified as belonging to the IId sub-type family. The were identified assemblages A. CONCLUSION: Assemblage A, which is associated with diarrhea, is responsible for giardiasis and IId subtype, often found in sheep, goats and cattle, is responsible for cryptosporidiosis in Ağrı, Türkiye.
Yönder H, Berhuni MS, Elkan H
… +4 more, Özgönül A, Bertan A, Kaplan V, Uzunköy A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654950
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BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection, often caused by . Although it is classified as a benign disease, cyst ruptures in the abdomen can be fatal. Ruptures occur spontaneously or after trauma. We aimed to rep...BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection, often caused by . Although it is classified as a benign disease, cyst ruptures in the abdomen can be fatal. Ruptures occur spontaneously or after trauma. We aimed to report data from patients who underwent emergency surgery due to spontaneous intra-abdominal hydatid cyst rupture. METHODS: Upon a retrospective review of the records at Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey, we found that 34 cases were operated on due to hydatid cyst rupture between January 2012 and October 2022. All patients were operated on in an emergency, and partial cystectomy, intra-abdominal irrigation, and drainage were performed using laparotomy. The patients were evaluated in terms of age, sex, symptoms, radiological findings, laboratory results, intraoperative findings, and postoperative follow-ups. RESULTS: Twenty-two (64.7%) female and 12 (35.3%) male patients were enrolled. The mean age was 39.1 (±17.58) years. All patients experienced spontaneous rupture. The ruptured cyst was found in the liver in 32 patients (94%), the spleen in 1 patient (3%), and the pelvis in 1 patient (3%). The diagnosis was determined using ultrasonography in 12 (35.3%) patients, computed tomography in 21 (61.8%) patients, and magnetic resonance imaging in 1 (2.9%) patient. All patients exhibited acute abdomen and leukocytosis. The average length of hospital stay was 5.14 (±1.37) days. CONCLUSION: Hydatid cyst rupture should be considered in cases of acute abdomen, particularly in regions where the disease is endemic, as in our region. The ruptured hydatid cyst was primarily observed in the liver (94.11% of cases).
Habibi G, Afshari A, Shahedi A
… +4 more, Hashemlou M, Es-Haghi A, Mehrabadi MHF, Fathi S
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654949
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BACKGROUND: The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the cell line. Howeve...BACKGROUND: The production of bovine theileriosis vaccine involves in vitro cultivation of schizont-infected cell lines. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is commonly used in animal cell culture, including the cell line. However, we aimed to reduce the amount of serum needed for cell culture by modifying the Stoker culture medium with supplements such as excretion factor and serum substitutes. METHODS: To evaluate the effectiveness of these modifications, techniques such as cell counting, cell viability assays, and genomic analysis were employed in the Parasitic Vaccines Production Department of Razi institute of Iran, from 2020 to 2022. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of different experimental conditions. RESULTS: The three experimental media were as effective as the commonly used 10% Stoker medium in supporting the growth and viability of cells. CONCLUSION: The significant reduction in the required amount of serum and the remarkable cell growth achieved by using defined serum replacements for the production of cell culture media is a significant step towards the preparation of a proper cell culture medium for the production of bovine Theileriosis vaccine.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654948
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Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes (body flukes), affecting millions worldwide. However, its pulmonary manifestations are rare. We report a rare case of a 51-year-old People Living with HIV male,...Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes (body flukes), affecting millions worldwide. However, its pulmonary manifestations are rare. We report a rare case of a 51-year-old People Living with HIV male, managed in a tertiary care hospital in west India in May 2023, vegetable vendor who was admitted with complaints of dysphagia, odynophagia, fever and chest pain for 3 days, cough and breathlessness for 1 month. Chest x-ray and CT scan were suggestive of hypodense fluid collection with rim enhancement along right lateral and posterior aspect of thoracic esophagus. All routine investigations and urine cultures were sent, which turned to be inconclusive. Upper Gastrointestinal scopy was suggestive of pangastritis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was done with no structural abnormality or endobronchial mass. Bronchoalveolar lavage from right lower lobe was sent for CBNAAT, Gram and Ziehl Nelson staining and cultures, acid fast bacilli cultures and cytology which revealed parasitic infection with . The patient was treated with tablet praziquantel P/O 2400 mg in divided doses for 1 day followed up after two weeks when he experienced reduced symptoms. Sputum examination was repeated showed on wet mount and hence a repeat dose of tablet praziquantel 3000 mg in divided doses was given and was advised to follow up 2 weeks later, which showed resolution of right lower zone opacities.
Hezardastan E, Bafghi AF, Eslami G
… +1 more, Vakili M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654947
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the molecular genotyping of in Humans in the Yazd County, Central, Iran. METHODS: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory, Yazd, Ira...BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the molecular genotyping of in Humans in the Yazd County, Central, Iran. METHODS: Total of 35 fecal samples were collected from patients referred to Yazd Central Laboratory, Yazd, Iran from February to July 2022. All the samples were included in this study after microscopic observation of . DNA samples were extracted using related kit and were analyzed by Nano Drop. The molecular assessment was carried out using semi-nested PCR using the target gene of . All amplified samples were sequenced using Sanger method. BLAST analyzed the sequences for assemblage identification. RESULTS: Out of 35 samples, 24 (68.57%) and 11 (31.43%) were male and female, respectively. All included samples were amplified using the specific primer pair. The molecular analysis showed 17 isolates (48.57%) as assemblage BIV, 8 isolates (22.86%) as assemblage BIII, 6 isolates (17.14%) as assemblage AII and 4 isolates (11.43%) as assemblage AIII (<0.05). CONCLUSION: Assemblages A and B are the most prevalent in Central Iran. The molecular identification of isolates from animals and implementing control programs.
Işık AD, Sönmez Ö, Erdemli PC
… +6 more, Kepenekli E, Ergenç Z, Yılmaz S, Tuncay SA, Parlak B, Dağçınar A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654946
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Echinococcosis is the most common cestode infection globally caused by the species. The most common organ involvement is the lungs and liver, but other organs can be rarely involved. Here, we present a case with a giant...Echinococcosis is the most common cestode infection globally caused by the species. The most common organ involvement is the lungs and liver, but other organs can be rarely involved. Here, we present a case with a giant cerebral hydatid cyst. A 4-year-old boy presented with abnormal gait and walking at Marmara University School of Medicine Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye in September 2022. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a cyst of 13 cm in diameter. The cyst was enucleated successfully with no rupture. Oral albendazole therapy was started. There was no eosinophilia, and the echinococcal indirect hemagglutination test was negative. Ultrasonography detected an anechoic cystic lesion in the liver. He was evaluated for deep-organ involvement; however, no cysts were detected in other organs. The histopathological examination was compatible with a hydatid cyst. Although intracranial hydatid disease in children is rare, it should be considered among the differential diagnoses in patients with neurological symptoms, especially in endemic regions.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654945
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Hydatid cyst is an infestation caused by , which is endemic in most countries and most commonly affects the liver and lungs. Isolated muscle involvement is very rare and accounts for 3-5% of all cases. In April 2022, Hea...Hydatid cyst is an infestation caused by , which is endemic in most countries and most commonly affects the liver and lungs. Isolated muscle involvement is very rare and accounts for 3-5% of all cases. In April 2022, Health Sciences University Elaziğ Fethi Sekin City and Research Hospital in Turkey received a referral for a 37-year-old male patient from the physical therapy and rehabilitation outpatient clinic. The patient presented with complaints of chronic pain in his left shoulder and back, which worsened with movement. After the radiological and serological confirmation of diagnosis, the patient underwent wide surgical resection, adjuvant and neoadjuvant anthelmintic chemotherapy. Precise and complete removal of the cyst without infecting the surrounding tissues combined with anthelmintic chemotherapy will not only increase the success of the surgery but will also minimize the possibility of recurrence and distant organ spread. In this study, we aimed to raise awareness by presenting the first reported isolated hydatid cyst in the infraspinatus muscle case from our country, which is extremely rare.
Khodabandeh M, Moradian E, Sarvari M
… +1 more, Khiabani MS
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654944
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BACKGROUND: Black disease, also known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic illness caused by various species. The risk of morbidity and mortality increases with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early VL diagno...BACKGROUND: Black disease, also known as visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic illness caused by various species. The risk of morbidity and mortality increases with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early VL diagnosis and fast appropriate treatment are critical issues in endemic areas. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study to investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic course of patients admitted with the diagnosis of VL in the Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital, Tehran, Iran. All cases of VL in patients under the age of 18 hospitalized between the years 2012 to 2022 were enrolled. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled with an average age of 28.13 months with the majority of females (51.8%). Common clinical signs were fever (96.2%) and splenomegaly (92.59%). However, lymphadenopathy was rare. The largest number of patients was from Tehran Province, followed by Ardabil, Khuzestan, Gilan, and Alborz provinces. The most common hematological abnormalities were anemia (85.1%) and thrombocytopenia (44.4%). In accordance with the treatment strategy, liposomal amphotericin B and amphotericin B deoxycholate were given to 11 and 5 patients, respectively. Eleven of them received glucantime. The average length of hospitalization for liposomal amphotericin B was 15.36 ± 12.49 days. In comparison with glucantime (18.38 ±10.26 days) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (20.20± 6.18 days), liposomal amphotericin B group hospitalization was shorter than others were. CONCLUSION: VL should be included in the differential diagnosis of any child who presents with fever, splenomegaly, and anemia. Concerning the treatment strategy in this study, liposomal amphotericin B had more efficiency and shorter hospitalization duration.
Moradi M, Dastan D, Fallah M
… +2 more, Nahanji MK, Matini M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654943
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BACKGROUND: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the p...BACKGROUND: Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. The growing concern of drug resistance of this infection has cautioned the need for new drug development. We evaluated the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and tannic acid (TA) on cells. In addition, the cytotoxicity of agents on Vero cells was investigated. METHODS: cells were axenically cultured in TYI-S-33 medium. In vitro antiproliferative activity of α-pinene, TA, and metronidazole was investigated against cells. The assays were carried out in triplicate using microtiter plate and trypan blue staining method. Annexin V/PI staining with flow cytometry was used to evaluate apoptosis induction. In addition, the cytotoxic effect was measured by MTT assay. RESULTS: α-Pinene and TA exhibited significant inhibition of the cells and the lowest IC values were 22.9 μg/ml and 140 μg/ml at 48 hours' incubation, respectively. The CC was found at 116 μg/ml for α-pinene and 473 μg/ml for TA, after 48 hours of treatment. The flow cytometry study demonstrated that the natural compounds induced apoptosis in cells. After 24 hours of treatment, the induction of apoptosis was 5.2% - 36.6% at concentrations of 3.9 - 62.5 μg/ml for α-pinene and TA induced-apoptosis was 6.1% - 53.8% at concentrations of 125-2000 μg/ml. CONCLUSION: Although the results show the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of α-pinene and TA on cells, in vivo studies are needed to further clarify the effects of these compounds.
Pouryousef A, Hashemi SM, Omidian M
… +2 more, Mikaeili F, Sarkari B
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654942
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BACKGROUND: is one of the most important causes of animal toxocariasis with global distribution. We aimed to find out the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in dogs in a rural area in Fars Province, south of Iran. METHODS:...BACKGROUND: is one of the most important causes of animal toxocariasis with global distribution. We aimed to find out the seroprevalence of toxocariasis in dogs in a rural area in Fars Province, south of Iran. METHODS: Dogs blood samples were collected from 60 dogs in three rural areas in the Sar Mashhad region, Fars Province. Dog sera were evaluated for anti- antibodies by an indirect ELISA method. The association between the seropositivity and age, gender, and the sampling location were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Serological assay detected anti- antibodies in sera of 32 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence of 53.3%. The rate of seropositivity was higher in the male dogs. The rate of seropositivity was higher in old dogs. This rate increased with increasing age, however, the association between age and seropositivity was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of infection in dogs in the current study area confirms that infected dogs are an important source of infection for their owners and people who are in close contact with these animals, especially children.
Najar TA, Tufani NA, Allaie IM
… +3 more, Tramboo SR, Dar AA, Malik HU
Iran J Parasitol
· 2024 · PMID 38654941
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BACKGROUND: Bovine babesiosis, a global disease, has not been studied so far in Kashmir valley, which is having temperate type of climate as compared to rest of India having tropical to sub-tropical climate, so we felt t...BACKGROUND: Bovine babesiosis, a global disease, has not been studied so far in Kashmir valley, which is having temperate type of climate as compared to rest of India having tropical to sub-tropical climate, so we felt the need to investigate it. METHODS: To diagnose the babesiosis in clinically suspected cattle (n=450), peripheral blood film examination and PCR tests using generic and species-specific primers targeting / genera and , as well as , respectively were conducted. Four PCR products were sequenced and subjected to BLASTn analysis. Ticks were collected from the clinically suspected animals and identified as per the standard morphological keys. RESULTS: The prevalence of babesiosis among suspected cattle in central Kashmir by peripheral blood film examination and PCR technique was 11.11% and 33.62%, respectively. The gene of Isolate B1 of spp. showed 99.0 to 100% nucleotide sequence homology with gene of different isolates of registered in the GenBank, while as gene of Isolate Z showed 98.5 to 99.2% and 93.1 to 93.9% nucleotide sequence homology with gene of different isolates of spp. and , respectively registered in the GenBank. spp. and spp. were the two major tick genera identified in the present study. CONCLUSION: Bovine Babesiosis in Kashmir is attributed to , and some other spp. or strains which needs further investigation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of from northern India in cattle.
Alizadeh Z, Shirzadi MR, Hassanpour GR
… +6 more, Keshavarz H, Mohebali F, Eskandari SE, Zeinali M, Shirmohammad S, Mohebali M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 38169758
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BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease that presents a broad spectrum of clinical features. Treatment of CL is problematic. We aimed to compare the field therapeutic efficacy of topical nanolipos...BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease that presents a broad spectrum of clinical features. Treatment of CL is problematic. We aimed to compare the field therapeutic efficacy of topical nanoliposomes containing 0.4% amphotericin B (Nano Lip-AmB) alone and in combination with cryotherapy and/or Glucantime® on human CL in the endemic areas of Iran. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed based on the results of using Nano Lip-AmB alone or with Glucantime® and/or cryotherapy in the treatment of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in patients referred to health centers of Isfahan, Golestan and Ilam Provinces of Iran as endemic foci of ZCL caused by besides Mashhad and Bam cities as endemic foci of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by with . RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with CL were included in the current study. All of the patients (100%) who received Nano Lip-AmB alone or in combination with Glucantime® and/or cryotherapy based on guideline of Iranian national committee for the treatment of CL. Two patients with 7 skin lesions, who was resident in ACL endemic area and received Nano Lip-AmB plus Glucantime® and another patient was a resident of ZCL endemic area and received Nano Lip-AmB plus cryotherapy showed clinical relapses after treatment. CONCLUSION: Sina Ampholeish® in combination with other standard protocols of treatment of CL is well tolerated and with acceptable clinical efficacy rate.
Mohammed LO, Amin AM, Mohammed RM
… +5 more, Mohammed SA, Ahmed LI, Ahmed VR, Majid SB, Mohammed BO
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 38169672
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BACKGROUND: is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that causes a life-threatening disease - toxoplasmosis - in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with cancer. This prospective cross-sectional study set ou...BACKGROUND: is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that causes a life-threatening disease - toxoplasmosis - in immunocompromised individuals, including patients with cancer. This prospective cross-sectional study set out to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients with cancer compared with that of healthy individuals. METHODS: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Sulaimani City of Iraq from November 2019 to May 2020. Anti- IgG and IgM antibodies were measured in the blood samples of 113 patients with cancer (80 with solid organ tumors and 33 with haematological malignancies) entered to Hiwa Cancer Hospital and 82 healthy controls, who were referred to the Directorate of Blood Transfusion for blood donation, using chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). RESULTS: The prevalence of anti- IgG was 39.8% in the patient group and 24.4% in the control group, which amounted to a significant difference ( = 0.024). Only one case of anti- IgM positivity was observed in the patient group, and no IgM seropositivity was reported in the control group. Moreover, the seroprevalence of anti- IgG was non-significantly higher ( = 0.102) in the patients with haematological malignancies (51.5%) than in those with solid organ tumors (35%). Occupation was the only risk factor which had a significant association with infection (odds ratio [OR]: 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6746163 - 2.4282788, = 0.029). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of infection is higher in patients with cancer than in healthy individuals. Therefore, screening in patients with cancer is recommended.
Guo HT, Tan J, He YL
… +3 more, Li X, Liang X, Li ZY
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 38169648
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BACKGROUND: with widespread distribution infects over one third of human populations in the world and can cause serious life-threatening diseases especially for the immunodeficient patients in acute toxoplasmosis. As th...BACKGROUND: with widespread distribution infects over one third of human populations in the world and can cause serious life-threatening diseases especially for the immunodeficient patients in acute toxoplasmosis. As the clinical pharmaceutical drugs with severe side effects for treatment and non-ideal extant vaccines for prevention, more work starves to be done for keeping advantages in the athletics. METHODS: Aluminum adjuvant and hybrid formaldehyde-killed tachyzoites of RH and GT1 isolates were prepared to intramuscularly immunize BALB/c mice for five times at 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post first injection. The triggered humoral and cellular immune responses at two weeks post the last immunization and the survival times of infected mice were examined for the hybrid immunization scheme judgement. RESULTS: The anti-RH and anti-GT1 specific antibodies were both increased at one week prior to challenge ( < 0.05), and the survival times of immunized mice (7.33 ± 0.71 d for RH, 7.22 ± 0.97 d for GT1) against acute toxoplasmosis were significantly prolonged by the immunizations performed in the study compared to blank control (6.67 ± 0.50 d for RH, 6.33 ± 0.71 d for GT1; < 0.05), with the higher IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-12p70 in sera, the elevated CD3eCD4 T and CD3eCD8a T cells, and the enhanced lymphocyte proliferation in spleen ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The hybrid killed tachyzoites with aluminum adjuvant induced humoral and cellular immune responses of mice, and offered mildly protective efficacy against acute toxoplasmosis.
Akkaş Ö, Özgökçe M, Aydemir S
… +2 more, Dündar İ, Ekici A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 38169642
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BACKGROUND: is spread by the excretion of cystic organs into the environment. The dog is infected via eating the cystic organ. It then contaminates the environment with eggs of , which are infective to humans and animal...BACKGROUND: is spread by the excretion of cystic organs into the environment. The dog is infected via eating the cystic organ. It then contaminates the environment with eggs of , which are infective to humans and animals. We aimed to determine the genotypes that cause infection in humans in the Van region, Türkiye. METHODS: Sixty patients between 18 and 100 years of age, who underwent the puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration (PAIR) procedure in the Department of Radiodiognastics of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye were included in the study. PAIR fluids were examined microscopically and DNA was isolated from the fluids. After DNA isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primers that amplify the () gene region. After sequence analysis of the PCR amplicons, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) was performed. RESULTS: In the microscopic examination, protoscolex or hook was detected in 42 (70%) of the samples. DNA was successfully extracted from all of the cyst fluids containing protoscolex and hook, and the gene region was PCR-amplified. After using BLAST, all of the samples were determined to be an sensu stricto G1 genotype. Sequence comparison revealed that four (9.5%) isolate sequences showed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Sequences of isolates with SNP submitted to the GenBank with accession numbers OR565864 to OR565867. CONCLUSION: s.s. G1 genotype, known as sheep strain, is common in human hydatid disease in the Van region of Türkiye.