Iranian Journal Of Parasitology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Molecular Characterization of Liver Fluke Isolated from Sheep, Goat and Cattle in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
Othman VS, Hama AA, Zorab RH … +1 more , Dalimi A
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169619 · Full text
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine species of liver fluke that predominately cause fascioliasis in sheep, goats, and cattle in the Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq using the molecular technique of DNA sequencing and restrictio...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine species of liver fluke that predominately cause fascioliasis in sheep, goats, and cattle in the Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq using the molecular technique of DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). METHODS: The samples were collected from November 2021 to May 2022. The flukes were collected from infected livers of livestock at the slaughterhouse of Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq. A total of 205 flukes were collected from 56 hosts, cattle (n=22), sheep (n=28), and goats (n=6). The specific primers for FCOX1 and 28S rDNA gene amplification were used. The PCR products were subjected to restriction fragment polymorphism (RFLP) assay using and restriction enzymes, besides DNA sequencing. RESULTS: The results showed the genetic polymorphisms among the flukes. Three patterns of RFLP were observed and , where 28 of them displayed (sheep, n=14, goat, n=3 and cattle, n= 11), whereas 24 samples displayed the (sheep, n=12, goat, n=3 and cattle, n= 9), and only four samples belonged to (sheep n=3 and cattle, n=1). In addition, the result of the ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) sequencing confirmed that the isolated flukes belonged to , and . CONCLUSION: All three main species are present in the study area and predominated among the animal species in this area also, our results concluded that PCR-RFLP is a rapid and reliable method for liver fluke species identification.
Comparison of Toxoplasmosis Seroprevalence in Multi Partner, Married (Monogamous) and Virgin Iranian Women.
Shajarizadeh M, Biderouni FT, Sohrabi MR … +2 more , Abadi A, Seyyedtabaei SJ
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169616 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis could lead to serious outcomes during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate serologic toxoplasmosis in three groups of women according to number of sexual partners. METHODS: The fr...
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis could lead to serious outcomes during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate serologic toxoplasmosis in three groups of women according to number of sexual partners. METHODS: The frequency of anti- IgG from 471 women (101 virgin girls, 240 married women and 130 multi partner women) were determined by ELISA method from referred participant to medical centers of Tehran, Iran in 2020. The results were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression tests. RESULTS: Prevalence of toxoplasmosis was significant with the number of sexual partner according to chi square test (<0.001) and the highest one was observed in multi partners' women (56.2%) and the lowest one in virgin girls (17.8%). ORs of virgin girls and multi partners' women were 0.594 and 3.758 respectively, compared to married women. The effect of age on the frequency of anti- IgG in married women was significant but it was not significant in multi partners' women. In addition to IgG frequency in married women and multi partners' women had no significant relationship with the number of children. CONCLUSION: Having sexual activity after marriage and having multi partner in sexual activity may possibly be a novel risk factor for toxoplasmosis infection or increasing the IgG frequency.
Young Age of Alveolar Echinococcosis Patient in Armenia: A Case Report.
Manukyan A
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169610 · Full text
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) remains a serious public health concern in endemic areas and a challenge for clinicians. Here a confirmed case of human AE in a patient from Armenia who had not visited a known endemic...
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) remains a serious public health concern in endemic areas and a challenge for clinicians. Here a confirmed case of human AE in a patient from Armenia who had not visited a known endemic area is reported. In October 2012, a 12-year-old girl from a little Armenian village, presented with paroxysmal pain in the right lumbar area to the children's medical center (MC). The girl mentioned having close contact with an animal, like a cat. She was admitted to the surgical department with a diagnosis of a malignant liver tumor in the right lobe. In November 2012, the patient underwent laparotomy, removal of the hepatic lesion and abdominal cavity drainage. The histopathological examination of the biopsy material confirmed the main diagnosis of liver AE with suppurative lesions. The patient was given albendazole (ABZ) following 20 days in the hospital, but she stopped receiving the preventive chemotherapy at home and even missed the dispensary visits. It later caused complications, and in July 2016, the child had once again surgery. In January 2017, the child was readmitted to the MC with no content from the external biliary drainage tube in the previous 6 hours. Bile flow improved after flushing the drainage with saline solution and suturing the enterostomy tube. In February 2017, the child visited MC for examination, and the drainage of the bile ducts was blocked, although she had neither discomfort nor jaundice. It was recommended to continue the patient's follow-up, to receive ABZ and to undergo a liver transplant surgery.
In Vitro Study on Four Types of Commercial Lectins on and with Stage-Specific Binding and Leishmania Species Identification.
Haddadan SA, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H … +6 more , Foroushani AR, Kakooei Z, Afshar MJA, Zarei Z, Alizadeh Z, Akhoundi B
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169603 · Full text
BACKGROUND: We aimed to verify the susceptibility of , and , to commercial lectins in order to identify the three species. METHODS: The degree of agglutination was determined both macroscopically and microscopically an...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to verify the susceptibility of , and , to commercial lectins in order to identify the three species. METHODS: The degree of agglutination was determined both macroscopically and microscopically and was scored negative (-) to positive (from 1- 4) based on their percentage of agglutination. RESULTS: Jacalin and UEA-1 were capable of agglutination of isolates in both logarithmic and stationary phases at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml (100%). isolates showed agglutination with the lectin UEA-1 in both logarithmic and stationary phases (62.5% and 87.5%). and showed 75% agglutination with lectin Jacalin in both logarithmic and stationary phases. isolates showed 25% agglutination with the lectin WGA in the logarithmic phase. , and isolates showed 25, 12.5 and 37.5% agglutination in the stationary phase, however, did not show agglutination in logarithmic phases. isolates showed 12.5% agglutination with the lectin PHA in the stationary phase, however, were incapable of agglutination with the and in both logarithmic and stationary phases. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact, that JCA and I-UEA lectins were not able to completely separate , and . WGA lectin and PHA lectin can help in separating the species of parasites.
Gelatin Zymography of Major Proteases in Exosomes of Promastigotes.
Azambakhtiar A, Nabian S, Mohebali M … +2 more , Taheri M, Fard RMN
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169597 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Enzymatic digestion of extra cellular matrix proteins by proteinases of promastigotes is a complex process. Hence, studies on functional proteomics of these enzymes can help select these enzymes as possible...
BACKGROUND: Enzymatic digestion of extra cellular matrix proteins by proteinases of promastigotes is a complex process. Hence, studies on functional proteomics of these enzymes can help select these enzymes as possible vaccine candidates or selecting candidates for chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Several proteolytic enzymes are involved in virulence of spp. These enzymes are mostly serine, cysteine and metalloproteases. We aimed to detect proteases in promastigote exosomes. METHODS: Serine, cysteine and metalloproteases were investigated in exosomes and lysate of promastigote using gelatin zymography. The study was carried out in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, in 2021. RESULTS: Zymography findings of metalloproteinases showed transparent bands, including a 63-kDa glycoprotein (GP63). This glycoprotein is a major surface metalloproteinase. In addition, transparent bands belonged to serin proteases and cathepsin were demonstrated in gels associated to promastigote lysate and exosomes. CONCLUSION: Several metalloproteases, serin proteases and cathepsins were shown in promastigote lysate and exosomes of , which could purified and used as fractions for immunodiagnostic.
Induction of Artesunate Resistance in 3D7 Strain Using Intermittent Exposure Method and Comparing Sequence between Susceptible and Resistant Strains.
Barati S, Haghi AM, Nateghpour M … +3 more , Zamani Z, Khodaveisi S, Etemadi S
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169593 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Resistance to artemisinin has threatened major achievements in malaria control, more investigations is needed about resistant strains and related genes. We aimed to induce resistance to artesunate in the 3D7...
BACKGROUND: Resistance to artemisinin has threatened major achievements in malaria control, more investigations is needed about resistant strains and related genes. We aimed to induce resistance to artesunate in the 3D7 strain using intermittent exposure method and comparing gene sequence between susceptible and resistance strains. METHODS: 3D7 strain was cultured according to Trager & Jensen method with some modifications. Serial concentrations between 10 mol/l, to 10mol/l were prepared, then 3D7 was exposed to each of the dilution to determine IC50 and lethal dose. Sensitivity reduction process was started from the concentration of 10mol/l and ended at 10mol/l. Exposed parasites were collected after at least 27 days after cultivation in each drug concentration. DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing process were performed to investigate any possible mutations in the gene sequence. RESULTS: Effectiveness of 10-2mol/l concentration of artemisinin was found as a lethal dose. IC50 value was equal to 5×10 mol/l. The resistant strain was provided in the lab, sequenced and registered in the gene bank as , (accession number MH796123. 1). Alignment of this registered sample showed no mutation in gene in comparison with standard strain submitted in the GenBank. CONCLUSION: Resistance to artesunate in malaria parasite may occur but with no mutation in the gene. Therefore, whole genome sequencing should be applied to determine mutations in resistant strains.
Amphotericin B-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Enhancing Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment through In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.
Davari A, Hajjaran H, Khamesipour A … +4 more , Mohebali M, Mehryab F, Shahsavari S, Shekari F
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169565 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown an increasing number of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) who do not respond to pentavalent antimonials as the first line of treatment for CL. Nanocarriers such as extracell...
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown an increasing number of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) who do not respond to pentavalent antimonials as the first line of treatment for CL. Nanocarriers such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) are efficient vehicles that might be used as drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases. Therefore, we aimed to isolate and characterize the EVs of , load them with Amphotericin B (AmB), and investigate the toxicity and efficacy of the prepared drug form. METHODS: The EVs of were isolated, characterized, and loaded with amphotericin B (AmB), and the EVs-Amphotericin B (EVs-AmB) form was synthesized. Relevant in vitro and in vivo methods were performed to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of EVs-AmB compared to the control. RESULTS: The anti-leishmanial activity of the EVs-AmB showed a higher percentage inhibition (PI%) ( = 0.023) compared to the AmB at different concentrations and time points. Obtained data showed a significant increase in the lesion size and parasite load in the lesion, PBS, and EVs mice groups in comparison with EVs-AmB, AmB, and Glucantime groups ( < 0.05), EVs-AmB had a significant decrease in lesion sizes in comparison with AmB ( < 0.05). Results showed that EVs-AmB decreased its toxicity to the kidneys and liver ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: EVs-AmB improved the efficacy of AmB in mouse skin lesions and reduced hepatorenal toxicity. Furthermore, EVs could be a promising nanoplatform for the delivery of AmB in CL caused by .
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antileishmanial Activity of the Silver Nanoparticles Alone and Along with Meglumine Antimoniate against Infection.
Majeed QA, Shater AF, Alanazi AD
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169555 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The most commonly available drugs for leishmaniasis are pentavalent antimony compounds; whereas the recent studies showed various complications and limitations of these drugs. We aimed to green synthesized si...
BACKGROUND: The most commonly available drugs for leishmaniasis are pentavalent antimony compounds; whereas the recent studies showed various complications and limitations of these drugs. We aimed to green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and study the promising antileishmanial and synergic effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles alone and combined with glucantime. METHODS: The precipitation technique was used to drop silver ions via an extract of to AgNPs at Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia in 2022. Then, its anti-amastigotes, caspase-3-like activity, triggering the nitric oxide (NO) as well as its cytotoxicity effects on macrophage cells as well as effects on leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice infected by were measured. RESULTS: The size of the AgNPs were ranging from 30-40 nm. The IC50 value for AgNPs, AgNPs+ meglumine antimoniate (MA), and MA was 59.3, 18.6, and 51.2 μg/mL, respectively. The determined FIC value for AgNPs and MA was found to be 0.31 and 0.36, respectively; demonstrating the synergistic potency of AgNPs when combined with MA. The diameter of CL lesions treated with various doses of AgNPs and AgNPs+MA notably (p<0.001) decreased. AgNPs, particularly at the concentrations of ½ IC50 and IC50, considerably triggered the caspase-3 activation. The calculated CC50 of AgNPs and MA was 612.5 and 789.8 μg/mL, respectively. Green synthesized AgNPs, especially in combination with MA had synergic antileishmanial effects and displayed a promising drug candidate for treating CL. CONCLUSION: We found satisfactory findings in the parasite reduction in both in vitro and animal models. Still, more studies are expected to explain the precise action mechanisms of AgNPs and their efficacy in humans.
RFLP Analysis of Fragments of the and Genes to Identify in Water Buffalo () In Guilan Province, North of Iran.
Dameshghi F, Shirali S, Shayan P … +1 more , Shemshadi B
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169553 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Sarcocystosis is a zoonotic disease worldwide caused by spp., some of these species can show clinical and subclinical manifestations, resulting in financial losses. Our study was performed for identifying s...
BACKGROUND: Sarcocystosis is a zoonotic disease worldwide caused by spp., some of these species can show clinical and subclinical manifestations, resulting in financial losses. Our study was performed for identifying sp., in slaughtered buffalo by - strategy with sequencing in Guilan, North of Iran. METHODS: Overall, 400 fresh muscle samples were prepared via naked-eye observation from 100 buffaloes (esophagus, diaphragm, shoulder, and thigh), followed by the digestion of samples. The PCR was done to amplify partial parts of the and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I () genes. Then, the PCR products were digested by endonuclease SspI, DraI, and FokI. Sequencing of all species was done to confirm the RFLP results. RESULTS: Five macroscopic cysts (1.25%) were visible in the sample by naked-eye examination. Furthermore, 293 samples (73.25%) were found to be sp. positive through tissue digestion and microscopic observation, whereas 376 samples (94%) were positive by PCR. In addition, the findings of PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequence samples exhibited the infection of buffaloes with . CONCLUSION: Based on the data presented herein, caused by is very common in buffalo in the Guilan region. Regarding the high prevalence of sarcocystosis, developing disease control and prevention policies for buffaloes is necessary, and a change of attitude in is recommended.
The Therapeutic Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice.
Siahkal KR, Keshavarz H, Shojaee S … +5 more , Mohebali M, Zeraati H, Azami SJ, Behkar A, Salimi M
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169550 · Full text
BACKGROUND: infects nearly one-third of the world's population. Due to the significant side effects of current treatment options, identifying safe and effective therapies seems crucial. Nanoparticles (NPs) are new promi...
BACKGROUND: infects nearly one-third of the world's population. Due to the significant side effects of current treatment options, identifying safe and effective therapies seems crucial. Nanoparticles (NPs) are new promising compounds in treating pathogenic organisms. Currently, no research has investigated the effects of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) on parasite. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of ZnO-NPs against tachyzoite forms of , RH strain in BALB/c mice. METHODS: In an experiment with 35 female BALB/c mice infected with tachyzoites, colloidal ZnO-NPs at concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 ppm, as well as a 50 ppm ZnO solution and a control group, were orally administered four hours after inoculation and continued daily until the mices' death. Survival rates were calculated and tachyzoite counts were evaluated in the peritoneal fluids of infected mice. RESULTS: The administration of ZnO-NPs resulted in the reduction of tachyzoite counts in infected mice compared to both the ZnO-treated and control group (<0.001). Intervention with ZnO-NPs significantly increased the survival time compared to the control group (6.2±0.28 days, -value <0.05), additionally, the highest dose of ZnO-NPs (50 ppm) showed the highest mice survival time (8.7±0.42 days). CONCLUSION: ZnO-NPs were effective in decreasing the number of tachyzoites and increasing mice survival time in vivo. Moreover, there were no significant differences in survival time between the untreated control group and the group treated with zinc oxide, suggesting that, bulk ZnO is not significantly effective in comparison with ZnONPs.
Misdiagnosis of a Patient with Hepatic Alveolar Echinococcosis with Hepatapostema: A Case Report.
Wang H, Xia Q, Wang X … +5 more , Zhang X, Ren Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Cai D
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169537 · Full text
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important zoonotic tropical disease in China that affects people living in western endemic areas. The disease is prone to occur in the liver with a characteristic similar to slow-growin...
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is an important zoonotic tropical disease in China that affects people living in western endemic areas. The disease is prone to occur in the liver with a characteristic similar to slow-growing malignant tumors. We report a 31-year-old male patient with serious complication after hepatorrhaphy, who had presented with clinical manifestations of hepatapostema with infection. Ultrasound (US) and computer tomography (CT) are two important medical imaging modalities to diagnose hepatic AE. Based on the medical history, clinical findings, laboratorial and imaging results, the patient was misdiagnosed with hepatapostema. A series of subsequent treatments were ineffective. Finally, partial hepatectomy was performed, and postoperative pathological results confirmed hepatic AE. The patient has now recovered.
In Vitro Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles via Thymus Vulgaris Extract against .
Zaki L, Mohammadi M, Karimipoursaryazdi A … +3 more , Baghkhani F, Badri M, Ghaffarifar F
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169531 · Full text
BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the in vitro effects of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles via thyme against infection. METHODS: We have prepared silver nanoparticles (TSNPs) by adding extract to the silver ni...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the in vitro effects of the green synthesized silver nanoparticles via thyme against infection. METHODS: We have prepared silver nanoparticles (TSNPs) by adding extract to the silver nitrate aqueous solution (0.2 mM), and evaluated their antileishmanial activity. The viability of promastigotes was assessed in the presence of various concentrations of TSNPs by direct counting after 24 h. The MTT assay was used to identify the viability of promastigotes. The same procedures were assessed in uninfected macrophage cells. The apoptotic effects of nanoparticles on promastigotes were determined by flow cytometry assay using annexin staining. To evaluate anti-amastigotes activity of TSNPs, light microscopic observation was used to determine the number of parasites within the macrophages in each well. RESULTS: The effect of TSNPs on promastigotes and amastigotes of . was effective and had a reverse relationship with its concentration. TSNPs, inhibited the growth rate of amastigotes and, the IC50 value of these nanoparticles was estimated 3.02 μg/mL (28 μM) after 72h. The results of flow cytometry showed that the toxic effects of TSNPs on promastigotes after 24 hours were statistically significant (<0.05) and showed 69.51% of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: TSNPs had an inhibitor effect on promastigote and amastigote forms of in vitro. It might be considered as a candidate for the treatment of this infection.
Molecular Detectıon of Canine Leishmaniasis in Northern Anatolia, Turkiye.
Yucesan B, Ozkan O, Tuncer S … +1 more , Ocal Z
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 38169529 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Canin leishmaniasis (CanL), mostly caused by , is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in dogs in the Mediterranean region. In this study, we aimed to determine the disease profile in this region b...
BACKGROUND: Canin leishmaniasis (CanL), mostly caused by , is one of the most important vector-borne diseases in dogs in the Mediterranean region. In this study, we aimed to determine the disease profile in this region by firstly making microscopic and then molecular analyzes in the samples taken from the dogs. METHODS: Overall, 112 whole blood samples taken from dogs for clinical applications by a veterinarian in Cankırı between December 2021 and November 2022 were used. After blood collection, both thin and thick drop blood smear preparations were prepared and evaluated for Giemsa staining. was investigated by Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) method from all blood samples. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree study were performed on positive samples. RESULTS: Both microscopic and RT-PCR analyzes were performed. In both studies, 3 of the 112 samples were positive. Because of the sequence analysis, they were Sequence analysis was performed from the samples found 3 positive. The phylogenetic tree was drawn by making NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology) data entries of the positive samples (Accession numbers: OQ184728, OQ184729, OQ184730). CONCLUSION: Dogs are important, as they are reservoir of this disease. In this study, 3 (2.7%) positive Leishmaniasis was detected in dogs in Cankırı. Ultimately, this should prompt discussion about new strategies going forward to combat infection caused by
Transcriptome Profiling of Male Adult .
Yue G, Cao YL, Ying D … +7 more , Hongchang Z, Qian SY, De Long Z, Qiang CG, Bei J, Ting WW, Mingke L
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886258 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The pathogen of angiostrongyliasis is the parasite and the transcriptome profiling of the male adult was unclear. We aimed to understand how the male adults adapt, so the expression profile of adult males w...
BACKGROUND: The pathogen of angiostrongyliasis is the parasite and the transcriptome profiling of the male adult was unclear. We aimed to understand how the male adults adapt, so the expression profile of adult males was analyzed. METHODS: In order to improve the understanding of the transcriptome of adult males, RNA from three groups of male adult was extracted and reverse transcribed to construct cDNA libraries. After sequencing, annotation of unigenes and transcripts was performed by querying the NR (Non-Redundant Protein Sequence Database), GO (Gene Ontology) and COG/KOG (Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins/euKaryotic Ortholog Groups) databases. RESULTS: For each group of adults, 43,260,894 raw reads and 43,200,341 clean reads were obtained. After successful assembly, 87,649 unigenes and 146,895 transcripts were obtained. Annotation of the unigenes and transcripts was identical and male adults expressed a series of genes encoding proteins specific to the male gender at the adult stage, such as proteins involved in energy metabolism, energy synthesis and transport. Expression of the ribosome pathway suggests a relationship with the physical activities during the adult male stage. CONCLUSION: The transcriptome analysis is a good reference to understand further the expression profile of male adult .
Induced Bilateral Ocular Signs in Cattle and Its Successful Therapeutic Management: A Case Report.
Kumar A, Kumar P, Bhatt S … +3 more , Kumar A, Singh GD, Kumar A
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886257 · Full text
Bovine tropical theileriosis is one of the potentially fatal disease of dairy cattle, which is caused by hemoparasite . About seven years old cross-bred cow was presented with complaint of pyrexia, inappetance, lacrimati...
Bovine tropical theileriosis is one of the potentially fatal disease of dairy cattle, which is caused by hemoparasite . About seven years old cross-bred cow was presented with complaint of pyrexia, inappetance, lacrimation and ocular swelling since last 5 days. The clinical examination showed elevated rectal temperature (39.4 °C), mild enlarged pre-scapular lymph nodes, bilateral bulging of temporal fossa, protruded pale and icteric conjunctivae of the eyes with lacrimation and presence of ticks on body. The case was suspected for haemoprotozoan disease. Blood and serum sample were collected for hematological, blood smear examination and molecular examination (PCR), and biochemical analysis respectively. Microscopic examination of blood smear revealed intra-erythrocytic signet ring shaped periplasm of . Hemato-biochemical examination revealed anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and jaundice. Further, PCR assay was done using -specific primer pair, Cyto b1 gene targeting the amplicon of 312 bp showed specific band on Gel-electrophoresis. Therapeutic regimen was started with Buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg body weight IM single dose followed by Oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg body weight IV in 500 ml of NS for 5 days and Prednisolone @ 0.25 mg/kg body weight IM for 3 days along with supportive therapy. The cattle well responded to the therapy and complete regression of ocular signs was observed within one week of treatment.
The Accuracy of Diagnosis and Genotyping of Species Based on Spliced Leader Mini-Exon Gene by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Sequencing Assays.
Khorram M, Masjedi H, Tabrizi F … +5 more , Rezaei M, Tabarsi P, Marjani M, Pourabdoullah M, Sheikholeslami FM
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886256 · Full text
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of genotyping of species by the spliced leader mini-exon gene. METHODS: Suspected leishmaniasis patients, referred to Masieh Daneshvary Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included...
BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of genotyping of species by the spliced leader mini-exon gene. METHODS: Suspected leishmaniasis patients, referred to Masieh Daneshvary Hospital, Tehran, Iran were included from May 2017 to September 2021. The species were genotyped by PCRRFLP based on the SL mini-exon gene and the region of gene and compared with the sequencing results. The expressed metabolites of metacyclic promastigotes were evaluated by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR). RESULTS: Out of 66 suspected cases, 36 (54.4%) were positive for species based on the PCR assays. In 21 (31.8%) cases, promastigotes grew on culture tubes. Based on the RFLP of SL RNA profile, 13 (19.7%) , 9 (13.6%) , 3 (4.5%) , and 8 (12.1%) isolates, isolated from culture media, were identified; however, 3 (4.5%) cases were unidentifiable due to the low number of parasites. Seventeen metabolites were expressed by the metacyclic forms of , and isolates. The top differential metabolites expressed more in were FAD, p-Methoxybenzyl alcohol and S-b-G-5, 5-G-b-S (A = CH2) (<0.005) whereas Veratryl glycerols and D-(+)-Mannose were significantly increased in and Betulin, LTyrosine in (<0.01). CONCLUSION: The invaluable techniques such as sequencing and 1H-NMR confirmed the results of genotyping of species based on the SL mini-exon gene. SL mini exon gene can be used as a diagnostic tool to differentiate various genotypes and detect contamination of culture media with .
TGF-β Targeted by miR-27a Modulates Anti-Parasite Responses of Immune System.
Hamidi F, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S, Haji Molla Hoseini M … +5 more , Tabaei SJS, Taghipour N, Koochaki A, Hosseini V, Haghighi A
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886255 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Immune cells and their secreted cytokines are known as the first barrier against pathogens. as an intracellular protozoan produces anti-inflammatory cytokines that lead to proliferation and survival of the p...
BACKGROUND: Immune cells and their secreted cytokines are known as the first barrier against pathogens. as an intracellular protozoan produces anti-inflammatory cytokines that lead to proliferation and survival of the parasite in the macrophages. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate mRNAs expression. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the expression of TGF-β and a bioinformatically candidate miRNA, in leishmaniasis as a model of TGF-β overexpression. METHODS: The miRNAs that target TGF-β -3'UTR were predicted and scored by bioinformatic tools. After cloning of TGF-β-3'UTR in psi-CHECK ™- 2 vector, targeting validation was confirmed using Luciferase assay. After miRNA mimic transfection, the expression of miR-27a, TGF-β, as well as Nitric Oxide concentration was evaluated. RESULTS: miR-27a received the highest score for targeting TGF-β in bioinformatic predictions. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-27a is targeting TGF-β-3'UTR, since miR-27a transfection decreased the luciferase activity. After miRNA transfection, TGF-β expression and Nitric Oxide concentration were declined in infected macrophages. CONCLUSION: Bioinformatic prediction, luciferase assay, and miRNA transfection results showed that miR-27a targets TGF-β. Since miRNA and cytokine-base therapies are developing in infectious diseases, finding and validating miRNAs targeting regulatory cytokines can be a novel strategy for controlling and treating leishmaniasis.
Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran: An Update on Epidemiological Features from 2013 to 2022.
Mohebali M, Edrissian G, Akhoundi B … +12 more , Shirzadi M, Hassanpour G, Behkar A, Rassi Y, Hajjaran H, Keshavarz H, Gouya MM, Arshi S, Zeinali M, Zarei Z, Sharifi I, Kakooei Z
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886254 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. The zoonotic form of VL is endemic in some areas of Iran. We aimed to determine the status of VL identified in humans and...
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. The zoonotic form of VL is endemic in some areas of Iran. We aimed to determine the status of VL identified in humans and canines in different parts of Iran from 2013 to 2022. METHOD: A national representative cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 provinces of Iran, including the national leishmaniasis reference lab. We employed the direct agglutination test (DAT) as a reliable serological method to detect anti- antibodies in humans and animal reservoir hosts. Additionally, a narrative literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies on VL seroprevalence in Iran from 2013 to 2023. RESULTS: The results of 21281 human and 5610 canine serum samples from 2013 to 2022 are reported. Altogether, 448 (2.1%, 95%CI: 2.0-2.3) human serum samples showed anti- antibody levels of ≥1:3200. Of these samples, 13716 (64.5%) were collected actively, which showed a seroprevalence of 0.6% (95% CI: 0.5-0.8) and 7565 (35.5%) were collected passively, which showed a seroprevalence of 4.8% (95%CI: 4.3-5.3). Overall, 1035 (20.1%, 95%CI: 19.0-21.2) of 5160 domestic dogs () samples showed anti- antibody levels of ≥1:320. Northwest (2.8%) and northeast (0.96%) regions had the highest human VL seroprevalence, while northwest (21.5%) and south (14.4%) regions had the highest canine VL seroprevalence. CONCLUSION: Zoonotic VL, an endemic parasitic disease, is still present in several different distinct areas across Iran. While human VL cases have shown a declining trend over the last decade, the prevalence of canine VL remains significant.
Trends in Paragonimiasis Global Research: Bibliometric Analysis of a Neglected Food-Borne Parasite.
Altun SK, Aydemir ME, Alkan S … +1 more , İrehan B
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886253 · Full text
BACKGROUND: is a genus of parasitic flatworms known as lung flukes that cause the parasitic disease paragonimiasis in humans and other mammals. We aimed to use bibliometric analysis to identify the global characteristic...
BACKGROUND: is a genus of parasitic flatworms known as lung flukes that cause the parasitic disease paragonimiasis in humans and other mammals. We aimed to use bibliometric analysis to identify the global characteristics and temporal trends of published literature about paragonimiasis. METHODS: Using the Web of Science database, we identified all original articles on paragonimiasis 1997 to 2022. After collecting the bibliographic and citation data, keywords, citation networks, and co-citations pertaining to paragonimiasis was carried out using the VOSviewer program. RESULTS: The study identified 563 paragonimiasis articles published in 250 journals. Publications in paragonimiasis research have been cited 6190 times and 2803 times without self-citations. The years with the most publications were 2013, 2016, and 2021. The minimal threshold for analysis was met by 19 of the 52 countries investigated. The study included 19 items, yielding 170 links between countries. The total strength of these links was discovered to be 104772. The journal with the most publications in this category was Parasitology Research (n=31). The most frequently used terms in paragonimiasis study were "paragonimiasis", "", and "lung-fluke." CONCLUSION: The study concluded by providing an overview of the paragonimiasis research field, including current trends, development, and researcher collaboration. By addressing gaps in this bibliometric analysis and increasing collaboration, stake-holders could strengthen their strategies to effectively combat paragonimiasis and improve public health outcomes.
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Isolated from Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Foci in Northeast Iran.
Shamsian SA, Mirizadeh H, Salehi Sangani G … +7 more , Zarean M, Berenji F, Najjari M, Fata A, Serki E, Tahreian V, Hosseini Farash BR
Iran J Parasitol · 2023 · PMID 37886252 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies, classification and genetic studies of species are effective in treatment, control and prevention in endemic areas. We aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeny of in...
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies, classification and genetic studies of species are effective in treatment, control and prevention in endemic areas. We aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and phylogeny of in Zoonotic foci located in northeastern Iran using gene for the first time. METHODS: DNA of 100 confirmed positive slides collected from the health centers of Sarkhes, Darghez, Fariman, Esfarayen, and Sabzevar were extracted during 2020-2021. The partial sequence of kDNA was amplified to identify the species. Twenty-five DNA samples were randomly subjected to amplify by gene primes and were sequenced. The sequences were aligned with reference sequences in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Then, the genetic similarities of the sequences were checked using Clustalx2.1 software and the phylogenetic tree was drawn by Mega 7 software. RESULTS: All the positive samples were diagnosed as . Approximately, half of the sequences of species were similar to two reference genes JX103550.1:404-712 Esfahan and KX759012.1:568-807 Ilam (more than 90% similarity). According to the results of the phylogeny tree, the closest genotype to our study samples was JX103550.1:404-712 Esfahan. CONCLUSION: The most causative agent CL in these areas was . The genetic diversity of was high such as other zoonotic foci in Iran. Due to the high similarity of the strains in the study areas with the strains of Isfahan and Ilam, similar control and prevention methods is suggested in these areas.
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