Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37583633
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that used antigen-based assays for the diagnosis of human giardiasis. METHODS: All the related published literature cited within PubMed, IS...BACKGROUND: We aimed to present a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that used antigen-based assays for the diagnosis of human giardiasis. METHODS: All the related published literature cited within PubMed, ISI web of science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus, were searched up to December 2021. The search terms, both as MeSH terms and text words, were "", "", "", "giardiasis", combined with "diagnosis", "antigen detection", serodiagnosis, or serological diagnosis. The required data was extracted from the papers. Pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity were obtained and forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristics (SROC) plots were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). RESULTS: The search of databases found 1683 papers, of which 46 articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. The sensitivity of antigen-based methods for the diagnosis of human giardiasis ranged from 45% (95% CI: 31-59%) to 100% (95% CI: 100-100%) and the pooled estimate of sensitivity was 92% (95% CI: 90-93%). The pooled estimated specificity was 97% (95% CI: 96-98%), ranged from 81% (95% CI: 68-89%) to 100% (95% CI: 98-100%). The summary estimate of PPV and NPV were 92 % (95% CI: 90-93%) and 97% (95% CI: 96-98%) respectively. Comparing the performance of the antigen detection assays by region revealed a significant difference in the assay's performances in different regions of the world. CONCLUSION: The antigen-based detection methods have acceptable and satisfactory performance in the diagnosis of human giardiasis. The task ahead is to identify more specific target antigens and design simpler, cheaper, and more sensitive methods for the diagnosis of this common worldwide-distributed parasitic infection.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37583632
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Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease characterized by cysts in especially liver and lung. We report a long-term survival of a 44-year-old female patient with disseminated echinococcal disease involving the brain, lung,...Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease characterized by cysts in especially liver and lung. We report a long-term survival of a 44-year-old female patient with disseminated echinococcal disease involving the brain, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, mediastinum, thyroid gland, parotid gland, pancreas, peritoneum, rectus muscle, pararenal area, left thigh, skin and breast tissue from Turkey in 2016.
Firouzeh N, Borj HF, Ziaali N
… +3 more, Kareshk AT, Ahmadinejad M, Shafiei R
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37583631
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BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by compilation protozoan agent , leading to significant financial and quality-adjusted life-year losses. Overcooked or raw meat consumption has been a considerable...BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by compilation protozoan agent , leading to significant financial and quality-adjusted life-year losses. Overcooked or raw meat consumption has been a considerable transmission route. The present study was conducted to determine the seropositivity rate of in sheep and goats by serological and molecular tests and genotyping of obtained isolates in northeast Iran. METHODS: Blood and tissue samples (diaphragm, heart) of 296 animals (including 168 sheep and 128 goats) were collected from the slaughterhouse in Quchan Country from august 2016 to April 2017. Modified agglutination test (MAT) and the PCR method performed to detect parasite DNA on tissues.PCR-RFLP method of gene was used to determine the genotype of . In addition, sequencing analysis was performed to evaluate the type strains. RESULTS: Serum positive for MAT results were found in 27.4% of sheep and 23.4% of goats. Positive PCR of gene results in diaphragm and heart tissues of sheep and goats was 47.8% and 26.1%, 40% and 23.3%, respectively. PCR of gene results were positive in 10 samples that RFLP technique results using enzyme revealed genotype I. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed DNA of all samples was closely related to type I. CONCLUSION: Concerning the high seropositivity rate of toxoplasmosis, undertaking an appropriate preventive program for reducing the prevalence of infection by raw or undercooked meat consumption of livestock is recommended. Our study supports the notion that these animals' consumption of raw and undercooked meat can be a probable source of human toxoplasmosis.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37583630
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BACKGROUND: Human cysticercosis (CC) is a global public health problem, especially in Latin America, including Brazil. We aimed to analyze the seroprevalence of CC among school-age children and adolescents. METHODS: We a...BACKGROUND: Human cysticercosis (CC) is a global public health problem, especially in Latin America, including Brazil. We aimed to analyze the seroprevalence of CC among school-age children and adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed the presence of specific IgG antibodies against metacestodes in 500 serum samples from elementary school children and adolescents in Jataí City, state of Goiás, Brazil. IgG antibodies against the antigenic extract of the parasite were detected and analyzed by ELISA, and specific peptides were identified by confirmatory Western Blotting test. RESULTS: Of the 500 study participants, 205 (41%) were male, and 295 (59%) were female. Participants aged between 4 and 18 years (mean age 8.4 years). The percentage of serum samples reactive by ELISA was 37.2%. These samples were analyzed by Western Blotting, which confirmed that the seropositivity rate was 6.2% (95% CI 2.4-14.7) in 31 samples reactive for CC-specific bands, determined in serum samples from 18 male (5-11 years old) and 13 female (4-12 years old) students. CONCLUSION: The CC seroprevalence demonstrated in schoolchildren suggests that this parasitosis is endemic in the study area. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the local epidemiology of this parasitosis.
Maleki D, Davani SZ, Talebi-Taher M
… +2 more, Salemi B, Khanaliha K
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37583629
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Hydatid cyst mainly involves the liver and lung; however, it can rarely involve cardiac tissue. This study describes the presence of hydatid cysts in the heart with considerable disease points in Tehran, Iran. Two cases...Hydatid cyst mainly involves the liver and lung; however, it can rarely involve cardiac tissue. This study describes the presence of hydatid cysts in the heart with considerable disease points in Tehran, Iran. Two cases aged between 25 to 50 years with cardiac hydatid cyst involvement were identified in 2021 in Tehran, Iran. Epicardial hydatid cyst between a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and left obtuse marginal artery (OM) on the left ventricle, and in the second case, intrapericardial cyst attached to the pulmonary trunk with a thin base were identified. The cardial cysts were resected, and the patients recovered without any complications. Cardiac hydatid cyst is a very rare disease. Rapid diagnosis and surgical and medical care are necessary for treatment.
Hamed EFA, Mostafa NE, Fawzy EM
… +4 more, Ibrahim MN, Ibrahim BH, Radwan M, Salama MA
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37583627
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BACKGROUND: coinfection can modify host immune responses and the severity and spread of other parasites. We investigated how and infections counter-regulate each other's immune responses. METHODS: The parasite burden,...BACKGROUND: coinfection can modify host immune responses and the severity and spread of other parasites. We investigated how and infections counter-regulate each other's immune responses. METHODS: The parasite burden, the expression of rhoptry kinase ROP18 and putative serine protease (TsSP), the IgG1 and IgG2a responses, besides histopathological and immunohistochemical staining with iNOS and arginase were used to evaluate the dynamics of coinfection. RESULTS: Through their effects on host immune responsiveness, coinfection with modified the virulence of infection. Coinfected animals with high and low doses of demonstrated significant reductions in the burden of 75.2% and 68.2%, respectively. TsSP expression was downregulated in both groups by 96.2% and 86.7%, whereasROP18 expression was downregulated by only 6% and10.6%, respectively. In coinfected mice, elevated levels of -specific IgG2a antibodies were detected. Th1 induced by inhibits the Th2 response to in coinfected animals with high iNOS expression andlow-arginine1 expression. CONCLUSION: infection induces a shift toward a Th1-type immune response while suppressing a helminth-specific Th2 immune response, paving the way for developing novel vaccines and more efficient control strategies.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197082
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BACKGROUND: We aimed to find out the allelic variation of and among gold miners in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia using parasites' DNA isolated from archived RDT and GSBS. METHODS: This study was done using the...BACKGROUND: We aimed to find out the allelic variation of and among gold miners in Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia using parasites' DNA isolated from archived RDT and GSBS. METHODS: This study was done using the samples collected between 2017-2020 from health centers in Subdistrict of Mihing Raya, Danau Rawah, and Bukit Hindu as well as Kapuas District Health Laboratory in Central Kalimantan Province, Surabaya, Indonesia. Parasites DNA were isolated from RDT cartridges and GSBS of local and migrant gold miners. Species of were confirmed by single step PCR. The allelic variation of (K1, MAD20, RO33) and (3D7, FC27) were analyzed by nested PCR. RESULTS: gene was found in only two (22.22%) out of 9 local samples, and 3 (27.27%) out of 11 migrant samples were found positive for K1 (150 bp) as well as MAD 20 (190 bp) allelic families. gene were found in each one sample of 550 bp fragment in local (11.11%) and migrant samples (9.09%) for 3D7, and 2 samples of 300 bp fragments in local (22.22%) and 3 samples of 300 bp in migrant samples (27.27%). No difference in size and number of infections between both populations. The RO33 allelic family Alhamdulillah was not found in any sample. CONCLUSION: Low allelic variation of and genes with monogenotype indicated the low intensity of malaria transmission among gold miners in the studied areas. Further, the transmission may occur locally in the mining sites.
Sedaghatmanesh K, Khazan H, Akhoundi B
… +3 more, Khazaei S, Kakooei Z, Mohebali M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197081
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BACKGROUND: After the earthquake in 2017 a few new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were reported from SarPol-e-Zahab district of Kermanshah Province, western part of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the s...BACKGROUND: After the earthquake in 2017 a few new cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) were reported from SarPol-e-Zahab district of Kermanshah Province, western part of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence in Kermanshah Province. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on children up to 12 years of age from SarPol-e-Zahab County, Kermanshah Province, western part of Iran in 2021. For each individual, a questionnaire including age, sex, clinical features, history of the disease, and contact with canines as reservoir hosts of VL were completed, separately. To determine VL seroprevalence, blood samples were collected from the children and after centrifugation, the sera samples were separated and tested using Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) for detection of anti- antibodies. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS16. RESULTS: Totally, 13 persons were seropositive; 7 samples with titer 1:800, 3 samples had 1:1600, 2 samples had 1:3200 and 1 sample had 1:6400. None of the seropositive cases had a history of kala-azar. There was no significant difference between males and females at titers of anti- specific antibodies. CONCLUSION: infection is being circulated with low prevalence in children up to 12 years old from SarPol-e-Zahab County but it is necessary that the surveillance system is regularly monitored among physicians and public health managers in the studied areas.
Salutgi P, Galdhar C, Sonigra R
… +5 more, Natu K, Mumbarkar N, Mathkar S, Dalvie A, Gaikwad R
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197080
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Radio Immune Assay (RIA) is an extremely sensitive in vitro assay technique to measure concentrations of antigen viz. hormones in biological fluids using antibodies. The present study reports the status of total triiodot...Radio Immune Assay (RIA) is an extremely sensitive in vitro assay technique to measure concentrations of antigen viz. hormones in biological fluids using antibodies. The present study reports the status of total triiodothyronine (TT) and total thyroxine (TT) in infection in a dog, year 2022. An adult, non-descript, male dog was referred to the Department of Veterinary Nuclear Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, (MAFSU), Parel, Mumbai (India) with a history of inappetence, weakness, and ataxia of the hind limbs. Inspection revealed cachexia, anemia, bedsores, and mild mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, polypnoea and tachycardia. There was an enlargement of popliteal, prescapular, and submandibular lymph nodes. The blood smear examination revealed severe infection of extracellular . Laboratory investigations showed an altered haemato-biochemical profile. RIA-enabled thyroid hormone profile revealed a reduced concentration of TT (0.57 nmol/l) and TT (22.52 nmol/l). The present study reports a reduction in the concentration of TT and TT in a dog suffering from trypanosomiasis. The drop in TT concentration was within the normal limit, this could be a cause for the non-appearance of usual clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism in the present case.
Sadegi Hariri S, Heidari Z, Habibzadeh S
… +1 more, Shahbazzadegan S
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197079
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BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can causes adverse outcomes. Regarding its importance in prenatal care, seroprevalence of infection among pregnant women was studied in Ardabil City, during 2021-2022. METHODS:...BACKGROUND: Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy can causes adverse outcomes. Regarding its importance in prenatal care, seroprevalence of infection among pregnant women was studied in Ardabil City, during 2021-2022. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling, 244 pregnant women that attended in health care centers of Ardabil City, Ardabil Province, Iran in 2021-2022 were selected. Serum samples were collected and Anti- IgM (immunoglobulin M) and IgG (immunoglobulin G) was detected. Furthermore, a questionnaire filled for all participants during samples collection and risk factors assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. RESULTS: Participant's age ranged from 16 to 43 years with average of 23± 5.24 years. IgG anti- antibody was detected in 22.1% of pregnant women (54/244). In none of participants IgM anti-Toxoplasmosis antibody was detected. There was no significant relationship between demographic variables and risk factors of toxoplasmosis with serology test results. CONCLUSION: Approximately, 77.9% of pregnant women had no antibody against the infection. Therefore, health education, counseling of pregnant women and screening in high-risk pregnant women is recommended to prevent from fetal complications.
Chitrambalam T, George N, Paladugu R
… +2 more, Selvamuthukumaran S, Gilani A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197078
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Hydatid cyst is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by for which man is an accidental intermediate host. The hydatid disease commonly involves the liver and lungs. Involvement of extrahepaticopulmonary sites is extremely...Hydatid cyst is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by for which man is an accidental intermediate host. The hydatid disease commonly involves the liver and lungs. Involvement of extrahepaticopulmonary sites is extremely rare and only a few isolated cases have been reported. In 2022, a 49 year old female from the southern part of Indian subcontinent presented to us with recurrent hydatid cyst of liver co-existing with hydatid cyst of the left broad ligament, twenty years following the initial procedure. She underwent exploratorylaparotomy and cystectomy and was then managed by ERCP and stenting following which she is asymptomatic till date. Though there are no hard and fast rules, the management of such cases mandate proper exploration to avoid any recurrence. Tailored surgical approaches maybe required according to the patient condition for effective, safe and recurrence free treatment of hepatic hydatidosis.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197077
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BACKGROUND: Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of is an important neglected zoonosis. We evaluated the presence of anti-cysticercal antibodies and specific DNA in pig sera and blood samples respectively coll...BACKGROUND: Porcine cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of is an important neglected zoonosis. We evaluated the presence of anti-cysticercal antibodies and specific DNA in pig sera and blood samples respectively collected from Maharashtra, India. METHODS: A total of three antigens (Scolex Antigen (SA), Membrane Body Antigen (MBA) and Excretory-Secretory Antigen (ESA)) were prepared from metacestodes of and employed in an in-house developed indirect-IgG ELISA for serological screening of 1000 porcine sera samples at Department of Veterinary Public Health, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra, India. The ELISA positive sera samples were subjected to EITB Assay for detection of immunodominant peptides. An effort has been made for molecular detection of porcine cysticercosis by PCR assay targeting gene of from blood samples of the corresponding ELISA-positive pigs. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis employing SA, MBA and ESA was 12.6%, 8.7% and 12.5% respectively. The lower and medium molecular weight peptides were the most frequently recognised in EITB assay. The numbers of bands recognised in EITB assay were observed to be proportionate with the corresponding ELISA O.D. values. An amplification product of 286 bp was observed in 22.98% (20/87), 30.35% (30/99) and 17.14% (12/70) of the sero-positive samples against SA, ESA and MBA respectively. CONCLUSION: EITB still remains the gold standard serodiagnosis test for cysticercosis. The inclusion of a greater number of positive samples and purification of antigens may improve the diagnostic efficacy of the tests.
Zobairy H, Modaresi P, Cabada MM
… +1 more, Sofi-Mahmudi A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197075
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Nosocomial myiasis is a rare event that has a higher incidence in the hospitals of poor and developing countries. The presence of nosocomial myiasis reflects the need for improved medical facilities and increased awarene...Nosocomial myiasis is a rare event that has a higher incidence in the hospitals of poor and developing countries. The presence of nosocomial myiasis reflects the need for improved medical facilities and increased awareness among healthcare personnel. Severely ill patients are more susceptible, such as those with impaired consciousness, paralysis, and underlying diseases. The two cases here in described represent the first report of nosocomial myiasis in the Kurdistan Province, in Western Iran and one of them is the first report of myiasis involving a COVID-19-infected patient. The causal agent was . The taxonomical identification of the larvae of the second and third instar was based on the morphology of the cephaloskeleton, anterior spiracles, and peritreme plaques.
Mahmoodi S, Ebrahimian M, Mirhashemi SH
… +6 more, Soori M, Rashnoo F, Oshidari B, Shadidi Asil R, Zamani A, Hajinasrollah E
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197074
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BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst, caused by the larvae of , is one of the most severe cestode infections occurring in Iran. The liver is the most commonly involved organ. The present study was carried out to review the demograph...BACKGROUND: Hydatid cyst, caused by the larvae of , is one of the most severe cestode infections occurring in Iran. The liver is the most commonly involved organ. The present study was carried out to review the demographic of 20 years surgically treated hydatic cysts. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients were enrolled in the study. Demographic features, time of surgery, cyst size, and albendazole usage have been reviewed from the medical records of patients in Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2001 to 2021. Statistical analysis was performed to find any correlation between the uses of concurrent albendazole with surgical procedure. RESULTS: Of 98 patients with hydatid cyst, 57 (58.2%) were female. The mean age of patients was 39.4 ±18.7 yrs, and the mean surgery time was 217.5 ± 81.4 minutes. Regarding the infection site, the liver (60.2%) and lungs (22.4%) were the most affected organs, respectively. 56.1% of patients had one cyst, and 42.9 % had two or more cysts. 20.4% of them had taken albendazole before surgery, but 86.7 % took it after the operation. No recurrent cysts were seen among 91.8% of them, but 8.2% mentioned suffering from a recurrent cyst. 85.7% of those recurrent cases did not receive albendazole before surgery, and 75% of recurrent cases after surgery did not take albendazole (<0.05). CONCLUSION: Administration of albendazole before and after the operation was significantly related to reduced recurrence, bleeding, morbidity, and even the time of surgery.
Mohammady A, Dalimi A, Ghafarifar F
… +2 more, Akbari M, Pirestani M
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197073
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BACKGROUND: Due to the opportunism character of , the presence of this parasite in the thermal water of recreational baths and hospital environments can be a risk to the health of staff, patients and others. The aim of t...BACKGROUND: Due to the opportunism character of , the presence of this parasite in the thermal water of recreational baths and hospital environments can be a risk to the health of staff, patients and others. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of potentially pathogenic genotypes isolated from the hospital environment and the thermal water of recreational baths in Markazi Province, central Iran. METHODS: Overall, 180 samples including thermal water from recreational baths in Mahallat City and dust, soil and water from different hospitals of Arak, Farahan and Komijan cities, central Iran were collected. The presence of was investigated using microscopic examination and molecular methods. The PCR and sequencing was performed based on a specific 18S fragment of ribosomal DNA. RESULTS: Based on the microscopic survey, totally 134 positive samples were detected including 35% in thermal water samples and 44.7% in hospital samples. In molecular analysis, 53.5% of the samples were identified as and 46.7% as . The genotypes were detected as T4 (33.3%), T2 (10%), T11 (6.7%), and T5 (3.3%). CONCLUSION: The T4 was the most common genotype found in hospitals sampling sites while the T2 genotype and were detected in thermal water sampling sites.
Shabunin A, Karpov A, Bedin V
… +7 more, Tavobilov M, Checenin G, Lebedev S, Ivanova N, Malishev A, Aladin M, Abramov K
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197072
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BACKGROUND: The current study considers a new direction of surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis - the use of minimally invasive treatment methods of parasitic cysts. METHODS: After clinical and morphological substa...BACKGROUND: The current study considers a new direction of surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis - the use of minimally invasive treatment methods of parasitic cysts. METHODS: After clinical and morphological substantiation of the very possibility of carrying out such procedures, 9 microwave ablations (MWA) and 3 radiofrequency ablations (RFA) of cysts were performed in patients with liver echinococcosis from 2017 to 2021 in the surgical clinic of Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russia. A comparative analysis of treatment results of patients with echinococcal liver cysts (12 patients who underwent "percutaneous puncture, aspiration, injection and reaspiration" (PAIR) procedure and 12 patients - MWA and RFA) was carried out. RESULTS: The number of complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification was as follows: 8 after PAIR procedure, 3 after RFA and 3 after MWA. The median hospital length of stay (LOS) after PAIR procedure was 6.46 days versus 4.7 and 4 in the groups of patients who underwent RF and MW ablation, respectively. The frequency of relapses within the first year after PAIR procedure was 25%. The patients who underwent ablation procedures had no relapses of liver echinococcosis during observation. CONCLUSION: The presented clinical and morphological substantiation and the experience of using various types of ablation techniques on echinococcal cysts, as well as a comparative analysis with a commonly used PAIR treatment method, demonstrated the safety of RFA and MWA for the patient and efficacy in relation to the hydatid process.
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197071
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BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasites are responsible for a significant amount of disease and mortality around the world. In developing nations, intestinal parasites are a severe public health issue. Intestinal parasite infec...BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasites are responsible for a significant amount of disease and mortality around the world. In developing nations, intestinal parasites are a severe public health issue. Intestinal parasite infections are one of the most common illnesses in the world. They're frequently linked to poor personal and environmental cleanliness, as well as low-quality drinking water. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their shifting trends during a five-year period at Mizan-Tepi University of Teaching Hospital (MTUTH). METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective survey using the past five years' (2017 to 2021) clinical records obtained from MTUTH Mizan-Aman town Southern west Ethiopia. Patients with complete age, sex, and stool parasite examination (direct wet mount or concentration techniques) records on the parasitology registration book were included. Data were entered and analysed using a Microsoft Excel sheet. The parasite prevalence was calculated using frequency and percentages. RESULTS: Overall, 17,030 patient records of the past five years were reviewed from the registration books of parasitology laboratory departments at MTUTH and only 546 records were taken for this study. Of these 336 (61.50%) were female and the rest 210 (38.50%) were males. One hundred eighty-two (182) 33.33% of patients had one or more intestinal parasites over five years from 2017 to 2021. From total of 546 patients' records 17.77% in 2017, 18.89% in 2018, 23.44% in 2019, 19.96% in 2020 and 19.96% in 2021 had complete information. CONCLUSION: Intestinal parasite prevalence was high among patients who visited the Mizan-Tepi University of Teaching Hospital during the five-year period. Helminthes and protozoan parasites prevalence was higher in the 15-45 years age category. In order to avoid intestinal parasite-related disease, strategies other than mass drug administration are required.
Marchenko VA, Khalikov SS, Biryukov IV
… +3 more, Efremova EA, Ilyin MM, Sazmand A
Iran J Parasitol
· 2023 · PMID 37197070
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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop new complex preparations of ivermectin, niclosamide and albendazole based on solid-phase mechanochemical technology, and to evaluate their efficacy against equine nematodosis and c...BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop new complex preparations of ivermectin, niclosamide and albendazole based on solid-phase mechanochemical technology, and to evaluate their efficacy against equine nematodosis and cestodosis. METHODS: Novel formulation of antiparasitic paste were prepared using joint mechano-chemical treatment of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bodyweight; BW), niclosamide (10 mg/kg BW) and albendazole (3, 5, 10 mg/kg BW) substances with polyvinylpyrrolidone and arabinogalactan. For the evaluation of activity of different doses of formulations against gastrointestinal tract helminths a total of 151 adult horses of the Novoaltai breed weighing 450-500 kg naturally infected with strongyles (>150 egg per gram of faeces, EPG), spp. (>20 EPG) and spp. (>10 EPG) were selected. Antiparasitic pastes were orally fed to the horses and faecal egg count reduction counts were compared prior to and 14 days after the treatment. RESULTS: Pastes with mechanically modified ivermectin showed 91.4-100% efficacy against strongyles and . Pastes with modified albendazole and niclosamide were also effective against in all tested dosages i.e. 78.6-100%. In particular, treatment with two formulations containing i) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 10 mg albendazole, 10 mg niclosamide, and ii) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 3 mg albendazole showed 100% efficacy against strongyles, and . CONCLUSION: Solid-phase mechanochemical technology could be applied in equine anthelminthics production. It is suggested that future studies focus on plasma concentration-time profile of these highly effective pastes.