Journal Of Nutritional Science And Vitaminology[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Validity of Digital Photographic Images for Dietary Assessment of Participants with Low Frequency of Home-Made Meal Intake.
Nagahata T, Igarashi M, Mekata Y … +8 more , Kokubo Y, Takayanagi N, Suzuki-Kemuriyama N, Udagawa H, Amano S, Aizawa K, Yamakata Y, Kato H
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887284 · Publisher ↗
It is important to clarify the factors that cause errors when calculating nutrient and food group intake using dietary surveys. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of errors in nutrient and food group intake...
It is important to clarify the factors that cause errors when calculating nutrient and food group intake using dietary surveys. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of errors in nutrient and food group intake among those who ate out and those who consumed ready-made meals when they recorded their meals using photographic and weighing methods. In October 2020, 38 second- and third-year students who were enrolled in dietitian training programs at two Japanese universities were asked to record their meals using both photographic and weighed records. Nutrient calculations were performed from the dietary records of both methods, and data from 29 subjects (all female) for whom 4-d dietary records were obtained were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups (high and low frequency of home-made meals) based on the median number of home-made meals, and a correlation analysis of the nutritional calculations obtained using both methods was performed. The results showed that most nutrient and food group intake levels were correlated (Spearman's correlation coefficient r=0.6-0.9) for both the high and low frequency of home-made meals. However, no correlation was found for "seasonings and spices" or their component "salt" in the low frequency of home-made meals group, indicating that there are errors in the nutritional calculations, especially for salt. It is thought that errors occurred for both the recorder and the nutrition calculator during the survey of meals eaten out; therefore, it is necessary to consider how to minimize errors before dietary surveys.
The Impact of Skipping Breakfast on Academic Performance in Youths: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Seura T, Nagai R, Yamazaki S … +2 more , Bando K, Sogawa M
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887283 · Publisher ↗
Academic performance, assessed through tests and assignments, significantly influences long-term outcomes, such as employment, income, and quality of life. Several recent studies have indicated a relationship between ski...
Academic performance, assessed through tests and assignments, significantly influences long-term outcomes, such as employment, income, and quality of life. Several recent studies have indicated a relationship between skipping breakfast and academic performance; however, no meta-analysis has been performed to explore this association. In the present study, we conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to synthesize the association between skipping breakfast and academic performance in youths. We perused the literature published before October 2024 using PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus. We calculated a pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random effects model. The study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. With regard the quality of the included studies, two articles were considered unsatisfactory, five as satisfactory, sixteen as good, and two as very good. After screening, 24 observational studies with 37 reports were included in the meta-analysis. A positive association was observed between skipping breakfast and the risk of poor academic performance (pooled OR=2.08, 95% CI=1.82-2.37). Subgroup analyses based on gender, region, sample size, assessment tools, definition of outcomes, and confounding variables also revealed that skipping breakfast is positively correlated with poor academic performance in youths. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates that skipping breakfast is positively associated with poor academic performance in youths.
Investigation of the Inhibitory Effects of Fatty Acid Derivatives on URAT1 Function, a Renal Urate Re-Absorber.
Toyoda Y, Saito H, Hirata H … +3 more , Ota-Kontani A, Tsuchiya Y, Takada T
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887282 · Publisher ↗
The global increase in hyperuricemia, a pathological condition characterized by elevated serum urate concentrations, emphasizes the importance of appropriate management of uric acid homeostasis in the body. Enhancing ren...
The global increase in hyperuricemia, a pathological condition characterized by elevated serum urate concentrations, emphasizes the importance of appropriate management of uric acid homeostasis in the body. Enhancing renal urate excretion is clinically relevant to achieve serum urate-lowering, and the functional inhibition of urate transporter 1 (URAT1), a renal urate transporter involved in the reabsorption of urate, has been recognized as a promising strategy. In this context, natural substances, including food ingredients with URAT1-inhibitory activity, have garnered significant interest. A previous study demonstrated that various fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (α-LA), inhibit URAT1; however, further investigations are required to expand our understanding for this important topic. The present study focused on certain metabolites derived from α-LA, especially jasmonates (lipid-derived cyclopentanone compounds in plants) and related substances, and investigated their effects on URAT1-mediated urate transport activity, using a mammalian cell-based functional assay system. Among the tested substances (14 authentic chemicals), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (a precursor of jasmonic acid harboring a cyclopentenone ring with two carbon chains in its structure) showed a good URAT1-inhibitory activity with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) value of 15.9 μM. Comparable results were obtained with prostaglandin A (PGA) and PGA, which are known as cyclopentenone PGs, that exhibited IC values of 22.5 μM and 16.8 μM, respectively. Although further studies are required to address the effects of these substances on the urate regulation in humans, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the interactions between URAT1 and natural substances.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Pre-Germinated Brown Rice Extract and γ-Oryzanol against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiac Complications Induced by a High-Fructose/Fat Diet.
Wu BN, Lin HL, Su HJ … +4 more , Cheng PW, Chen YM, Hao CL, Shen KP
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887281 · Publisher ↗
This animal experiment aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the extract of pre-germinated brown rice (EP) and γ-oryzanol on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the cardiac complications associated with it. WKY rat...
This animal experiment aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the extract of pre-germinated brown rice (EP) and γ-oryzanol on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the cardiac complications associated with it. WKY rats were fed high-fructose water (HFW) and high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 wk to induce NAFLD. The other two groups were fed HFW and HFD, while oral administration of EP 200 μL/kg or γ-oryzanol 2 mg/kg every day for 4 wk. NAFLD was successfully induced in as evidenced by clear increases in body, hepatic and cardiac weight as well as by increases in blood pressure and heart rate, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, higher liver function index: glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the blood and higher levels TG in the liver. NAFLD rats also had adverse changes the protein expressions of lipid synthesis, inflammation, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. However, when the NAFLD rats were simultaneously fed EP or γ-oryzanol, the development of adverse diet-induced effects, including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), were clearly ameliorated. Specifically, EP could reduce uric acid levels, while γ-oryzanol did not. EP, as well as γ-oryzanol, reversed the increases in levels of lipid synthesis, inflammation, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. We concluded that EP effectively prevented HFW/HFD-induced NAFLD and its associated cardiac complications, which it likely achieved through an improvement of lipid homeostasis and inhibition of inflammation. We believe that EP, like γ-oryzanol, can be developed as a beneficial agent for the prevention and control of NAFLD and associated cardiac dysfunction.
Enhancing Cannabidiol Bioavailability: Development and Evaluation of an Amorphous Cannabidiol Powder Formulation.
Aoyama H, Ogawa T, Ozawa-Umeta H … +5 more , Teshima K, Hashimoto T, Sudo T, Hashimoto K, Tsuda T
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887280 · Publisher ↗
Despite the various beneficial properties of cannabidiol (CBD), such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic activities, its clinical utility is limited due to its notably low bioavai...
Despite the various beneficial properties of cannabidiol (CBD), such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant, and anxiolytic activities, its clinical utility is limited due to its notably low bioavailability (BA). To address this issue, we developed an amorphous CBD powder formulation using solvent shift method, which only uses materials approved for food-grade applications. In a pharmacokinetic study in male Sprague-Dawley rats, we orally administered 10 mg/kg of CBD isolate powder with a crystalline structure and our developed amorphous CBD powder formulation. The C values demonstrated a 3.9-fold increase for the amorphous CBD powder formulation containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a polymer (F3) and a 3.0-fold increase for the amorphous CBD powder formulation containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a polymer (F4) compared to the CBD isolate powder. Furthermore, the AUC values for F3 and F4 were 5.3- and 5.2-fold higher than those for CBD isolate powder, respectively, indicating a significant enhancement. The T values were also significantly shorter for F3 and F4, at 0.9±0.1 h and 0.8±0.1 h, respectively, compared to >6.0 h for CBD isolate powder. These findings demonstrate the superior BA of the amorphous CBD formulation. Based on these results, the amorphous CBD formulation is expected to be a highly absorbable CBD formulation, thereby advancing its use in food and supplements.
Effect of α- and δ-Tocotrienol on Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells~Tocotrienols as Potential Candidates for the Treatment of Airway Remodeling in Asthma.
Okazaki R, Listyoko AS, Harada T … +6 more , Takata M, Morita M, Ishikawa H, Funaki Y, Inui G, Yamasaki A
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887279 · Publisher ↗
Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family and exhibit antioxidant properties, immunomodulatory effects, and anti-inflammatory actions. Previously, we demonstrated that γ-tocotrienol inhibits human airway smooth mu...
Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family and exhibit antioxidant properties, immunomodulatory effects, and anti-inflammatory actions. Previously, we demonstrated that γ-tocotrienol inhibits human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation, migration, contractile phenotype expression, and extracellular matrix protein synthesis by suppressing RhoA activation. In this study, we investigated whether α- or δ-tocotrienol modulates transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced contractile phenotype expression in human ASM cells and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced proliferation and migration of ASM cells. Human ASM cells were pretreated with α- or δ-tocotrienol before stimulation with PDGF-BB to promote proliferation and migration or with TGF-β1 to induce smooth muscle actin expression. PDGF-BB-stimulated ASM cell proliferation and migration were assessed using colorimetric and transwell migration assays. Additionally, we examined the signaling pathways involved in the effects of α- or δ-tocotrienol on PDGF-BB-induced ASM proliferation and migration, as well as TGF-β1-induced smooth muscle actin expression. TGF-β1 increased α-smooth muscle actin expression in human ASM cells. Treatment with α- and δ-tocotrienol slightly reduced α-smooth muscle actin levels, though this reduction was not statistically significant. In contrast, PDGF-BB-induced ASM cell proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited by α- and δ-tocotrienol treatment. The effects of α- and δ-tocotrienol on ASM proliferation and migration involve the RhoA signaling pathway and a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings suggest that α- and δ-tocotrienol exert beneficial effects on airway remodeling in asthma by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of human ASM cells.
Active Vitamin D Corrects Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Aberrant Vasopressin Expression in the Hypertension Phenotype of 1α-Hydroxylase Knockout Mice.
Zhang W, Hu Y, Zhang L … +3 more , Dong P, Li D, DU R
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887278 · Publisher ↗
Vitamin D has a protective effect on the brain under hypertensive conditions. Studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D) can negatively regulate hypertension and central renin-angiotensin system activati...
Vitamin D has a protective effect on the brain under hypertensive conditions. Studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D) can negatively regulate hypertension and central renin-angiotensin system activation through a central anti-oxidative mechanism in 1α-hydroxylase knockout mice. To confirm whether endogenous or exogenous 1,25(OH)D deficiency or supplementation alters cerebrovascular function and vasopressin expression through anti-oxidation, researchers provided 1α(OH)ase mice and their wild-type littermates with regular diet, a high-calcium, high-phosphorus rescue diet with N-acetyl-L-cysteine supplementation, or 1,25(OH)D subcutaneous injection. The results showed that the hypertension phenotype was present in the 1α(OH)ase mice, with upregulated vasopressin expression and increased brain/blood oxidative stress. These pathologic changes were corrected by 1,25(OH)D or N-acetyl-L-cysteine plus rescue diet. The findings suggest that 1,25(OH)D may be a promising protective intervention to reduce brain impairment induced by oxidative stress in the hypertension phenotype of 1α(OH)ase mice.
Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Macroalbuminuria in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
Wang X, Xiao W
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40887277 · Publisher ↗
This research examines the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and albuminuria. A total of 203 hospitalized patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected from February t...
This research examines the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and albuminuria. A total of 203 hospitalized patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected from February to October 2023 and categorized into groups according to their urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D and UACR. Among the 203 T2DM patients included, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 59.1%. The 25(OH)D levels in the macroalbuminuria group 9.37 ng/mL (5.98, 15.60) were significantly lower than those in the normal albuminuria group 18.26 ng/mL (14.40, 23.52) and microalbuminuria group 18.20 ng/mL (11.71, 24.20) with statistical significance (p<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and UACR (r=-0.173, p=0.014). Stepwise linear regression analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, revealed a linear negative correlation between 25(OH)D and albuminuria (β=-0.278, p<0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, no association was identified between vitamin D deficiency and microalbuminuria in patients with T2DM. However, vitamin D deficiency may significantly increase the risk of macroalbuminuria in patients with T2DM,with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.747 (95% CI: 1.157-19.473). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the study population. Serum 25(OH)D levels exhibited a significant negative correlation with UACR, suggesting a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and an elevated risk of macroalbuminuria in individuals with T2DM.
The Effects of Nutrition Education for Breakfast Intake on Morning Gastric Motility in High School Students Living in Dormitories.
Wakisaka S, Yumen Y, Takayama Y … +4 more , Yoshitani K, Okuzono M, Iwami A, Nagai N
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582880 · Publisher ↗
Skipping breakfast is observed in approximately 30% of youth. Since gastric motility is involved in morning appetite, we conducted a 2-wk nutrition education program for high school dormitory students to encourage breakf...
Skipping breakfast is observed in approximately 30% of youth. Since gastric motility is involved in morning appetite, we conducted a 2-wk nutrition education program for high school dormitory students to encourage breakfast consumption and examined whether gastric myoelectrical activity before breakfast was improved. Gastric motility was assessed by measuring the dominant frequency (DF), derived from power spectrum analysis of normal waves occurring approximately three times per minute, and the percentage (%) normal power. Participants were divided into a normal-gastric motility group (Normal-GM, DF ≥ 2.5 cpm, % normal power ≥50%, n=10) and a low-gastric motility group (Low-GM, DF<2.5 cpm, % normal power <50%, n=7) based on the morning gastric motility index. Nutrition education (i.e. the intervention) was provided to all participants and the same measurements were taken 2 wk later. The results showed an improvement in DF in the Low-GM group (1.99±0.09 cpm to 2.90±0.22 cpm, p=0.008) after the intervention. In addition, % normal power increased significantly only in the Low-GM group (42.9±2.6% to 54.2±2.9%, p=0.047). These results suggest that regular breakfast consumption may help normalize lower morning gastric motility in high school students.
Administration of Antibiotics Downregulates the Expression of MicroRNA-200 Family Members in Lamina Propria T Cells of the Murine Large Intestine.
Ohsaka F, Honma D, Sonoyama K
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582879 · Publisher ↗
By comparing germ-free mice and specific pathogen-free mice, we previously demonstrated that gut commensals upregulate the expression of microRNA-200 family members, i.e., miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-4...
By comparing germ-free mice and specific pathogen-free mice, we previously demonstrated that gut commensals upregulate the expression of microRNA-200 family members, i.e., miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429, in lamina propria leukocytes (LPLs) of the murine large intestine, and that it results in decreased production of interleukin-2, which is mainly produced by activated CD4 T cells. In the present study, we investigated whether depletion of the gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment reduces the expression of miR-200 family members in T cells of the large intestinal lamina propria in mice. Supplementation of drinking water with antibiotics for 1 wk reduced the number of cecal bacteria in male C57BL/6J mice. LPLs of the large intestine were isolated and separated into T-cell and non-T-cell fractions by magnetic-activated cell sorting. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that the expression levels of miR-200 family members were higher in the T-cell fraction than in the non-T-cell fraction, and were lower in the T-cell fraction of the antibiotic-treated mice than in that of the control mice. These results suggest that antibiotic-sensitive gut commensals upregulate the expression of miR-200 family members primarily in the T cells of the large intestinal lamina propria in mice.
Modified Irwin Test with Single Intravenous Administration of Caffeine in Mice.
Cho SH, Kim SJ, Doguer C … +2 more , Doo M, Ha JH
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582878 · Publisher ↗
This study investigated the behavioral effects of intravenous caffeine administration in mice using a modified Irwin test. Thirty-two male ICR mice were divided into four groups and received intravenous doses of caffeine...
This study investigated the behavioral effects of intravenous caffeine administration in mice using a modified Irwin test. Thirty-two male ICR mice were divided into four groups and received intravenous doses of caffeine: 0 (control), 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg. Behavioral observations were conducted at 0, 0.25, 1.5, 6, and 24 h post administration. Notable traction, locomotion, and respiratory rate changes were observed at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses. Specifically, traction was altered at 0.25 and 1.5 h in the 10 mg/kg group, with more frequent alterations in the 20 mg/kg group. Increased locomotion (grade 6, characterized by frequent grooming and rapid movement) was observed in all the mice at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses between 0.25 and 1.5 h. Respiratory rate changes were observed only in the 20 mg/kg group during the same period. Our findings indicate that intravenous caffeine exposure significantly affects traction and locomotion, providing valuable insights for safe pharmacological testing of the central nervous system.
Cephalotaxus harringtonia and Their Constituents Harringtonine Alkaloids Inhibit FoxO1 and 3a Activity and Atrophy-Related Gene Expression in C2C12 Myotubes.
Kato M, Sato T, Fuchino H … +9 more , Kawakami H, Yoshimatsu K, Iijima K, Hiraoka S, Tang K, Manabe Y, Fujii NL, Kamei Y, Miura S
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582877 · Publisher ↗
The expression of the forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor, FoxO, in the skeletal muscle is involved in muscle atrophy caused by disuse, fasting, diabetes, and cachexia. Since inhibition of FoxO activity has been s...
The expression of the forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factor, FoxO, in the skeletal muscle is involved in muscle atrophy caused by disuse, fasting, diabetes, and cachexia. Since inhibition of FoxO activity has been shown to be effective in preventing muscle atrophy in genetically engineered animals, inhibition of FoxO activity by dietary components may contribute to the prevention of muscle atrophy. In this study, 4,006 plant extracts were evaluated for FoxO1 and FoxO3a inhibitory activity using a reporter gene assay system, and the extracts from Cephalotaxus harringtonia showed potent inhibitory activities. These extracts also suppressed dexamethasone-induced expression of FoxO target genes, such as atrogin-1 and cathepsin L in C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, harringtonine alkaloids, harringtonine and homoharringtonine, contained in Cephalotaxus harringtonia inhibited FoxOs activities and suppressed dexamethasone-induced expression of FoxO target genes in C2C12 myotubes, suggesting that harringtonine alkaloids contributed to the effects observed in C2C12 myotubes treated with Cephalotaxus harringtonia extract. However, these extracts and harringtonine alkaloids did not improve weakness in dexamethasone-atrophic myotubes. In conclusion, harringtonine alkaloids from Cephalotaxus harringtonia suppressed FoxO1 and 3a activity and the expression of their target atrophy genes in C2C12 myotubes, but these alkaloids had no the effect on dexamethasone-induced reduction in muscle contractility.
Association between Screen Time and Lifestyle Habits among Upper Elementary School Children.
Baba A, Yoshitake R, Inose Y … +1 more , Omi N
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582876 · Publisher ↗
This cross-sectional study examined the link between screen time and lifestyle habits in upper elementary school children. It included 400 elementary schoolchildren studying in the fifth and sixth grades in elementary (1...
This cross-sectional study examined the link between screen time and lifestyle habits in upper elementary school children. It included 400 elementary schoolchildren studying in the fifth and sixth grades in elementary (187 boys, 213 girls, age: 10-12 y) in Japan. Gender, obesity index, physical fitness score, screen time, and lifestyle habits related to breakfast, midnight snacks, exercise, and sleep were the study items. Using logistic regression analysis, we examined lifestyle habits factors and screen time as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. We found that >3 h of screen time was significantly associated with increased odds of eating breakfast sometimes or never (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.37 [1.05, 5.38]) and eating midnight snacks (2.72 [1.41, 5.23]). Additionally, the same factor significantly associated with <6 h of sleep (10.45 [2.78, 39.30]) and bedtime later than 10 pm (2.81 [1.43, 5.53]) and 11 pm (3.97 [1.95, 8.07]). These results hold true even after accounting for demographics, obesity index, and physical fitness score. Conversely, 2-3 h of screen time was significantly associated with sleep onset conditions (2.05 [1.17, 3.58]), whereas >3 h of screen time was not. Our results showed that increased screen time was associated with skipping breakfast, midnight snacks, sleep onset conditions, and less bedtime.
Synergistic Effects of Short- and Long-Chain Fructans: A Novel Strategy for Mitigating Ovalbumin Allergy via Microbiome-Driven Acetate Production.
Takahashi H, Fujii T, Yamada C … +7 more , Fujiki K, Kondo N, Kuramitsu K, Funasaka K, Ohno E, Hirooka Y, Tochio T
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582875 · Publisher ↗
The gut microbiota has been implicated in the modulation of food allergies. Building on previous studies on the preventive effects of combining short-chain fructan 1-kestose (Kes) and long-chain fructan inulin (Inu) in f...
The gut microbiota has been implicated in the modulation of food allergies. Building on previous studies on the preventive effects of combining short-chain fructan 1-kestose (Kes) and long-chain fructan inulin (Inu) in food allergies, we investigated their therapeutic effects in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy mouse model. Following OVA sensitization, the mice received 5% Kes and Inu, either individually or a combined 2.5% dose of each, for 4 wk. We assessed allergy-related markers, such as OVA-specific serum IgE (OVA-sIgE) levels, in the blood and monitored changes in the gut microbiome. The intake of fructans ameliorated allergic symptoms and stabilized rectal temperatures, with a significant reduction in OVA-sIgE levels only in the combined Kes and Inu group (Kes+Inu), p<0.05. Gut microbiota diversity analysis revealed significant differences in beta diversity between the groups not receiving fructans and those receiving Kes, Inu, or Kes+Inu (p<0.01 each). Specifically, in the Kes+Inu group, the abundance of the genus UBA7173 belonging to the family Muribaculaceae significantly increased. Additionally, acetate levels were significantly elevated only in the Kes+Inu group and correlated positively with the presence of the genus UBA7173. These findings indicated that the combined intake of Kes and Inu improves allergic outcomes, positively affects the gut microbiome, and enhances the production of acetate.
The Inverse Association between Alcohol Consumption and Coronary Artery Disease in Japanese Men Undergoing Coronary Angiography.
Saita E, Kishimoto Y, Ohmori R … +2 more , Kondo K, Momiyama Y
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582874 · Publisher ↗
Several Japanese cohort studies reported that alcohol consumption was inversely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, these results were inconsistent. We investigated alcohol consumption and CAD in 802...
Several Japanese cohort studies reported that alcohol consumption was inversely associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, these results were inconsistent. We investigated alcohol consumption and CAD in 802 patients undergoing coronary angiography, in whom foods, beverages and alcohol intakes were assessed. Alcohol intake was classified into 4 categories: nondrinkers, light (<23 g/d), moderate (23-45 g/d), and heavy (≥46 g/d) drinkers. Among 583 men, CAD was found in 404, of whom 137 had myocardial infarction (MI). The prevalence of CAD and MI stepwisely decreased on alcohol intake: 80% and 30% in nondrinkers, 65% and 20% in light, 60% and 17% in moderate, and 54% and 16% in heavy drinkers (p<0.001). However, serum γ-GTP levels were higher in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers. In multivariate analyses, odds ratios for <23 g/d, 23-45 g/d and ≥46 g/d alcohol intakes compared to nondrinkers was 0.53 (95%CI: 0.33-0.85), 0.44 (0.24-0.81), and 0.33 (0.16-0.68) for CAD, and 0.56 (0.34-0.90), 0.62 (0.32-1.20), and 0.43 (0.18-1.01) for MI. Among 219 women, CAD and MI were present in 107 and 36. Compared with nondrinkers, light and moderate to heavy drinkers less often had CAD (52%, 41%, and 29%) and MI (19%, 9%, and 14%), but these differences did not reach statistical significance. In women, no significant association was found between alcohol intake and CAD. Thus, in Japanese men undergoing coronary angiography, alcohol consumption was inversely associated with CAD, but heavy consumption was associated with abnormally high γ-GTP levels. In women, no significant association was found between alcohol consumption and CAD.
Effect of Probiotic Drinks Containing 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one on Cognitive Function of Middle-Aged and Older Individuals.
Tomizawa M, Sato T, Segawa S … +2 more , Iio SI, Takara T
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582873 · Publisher ↗
The compound 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) possesses antioxidant properties; however, its effects on cognitive function are unclear. This study examined the effects of DDMP-containing beverages...
The compound 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP) possesses antioxidant properties; however, its effects on cognitive function are unclear. This study examined the effects of DDMP-containing beverages on the cognitive function of healthy middle-aged and older Japanese individuals. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled parallel study. The study protocol was registered with the University Hospital Medical Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000052639). In this study, 220 participants who were aware of their memory decline were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention or placebo group. The participants ingested the test food [65 mL lactic acid bacteria (LAB) beverage containing 2.2 mg DDMP] or placebo food (65 mL LAB beverage without DDMP) once a day for 12 wk. Cognitive function was assessed before the test and after 12 wk. The primary endpoint was verbal memory, while other cognitive function items and oxidative stress markers were set as the secondary outcomes. Differences in changes among the groups were assessed using analysis of covariance. After 12 wk, verbal and composite memory scores were considerably higher in the DDMP group than in the placebo group. However, no significant differences in oxidative stress markers were noticed. Therefore, consumption of a LAB beverage containing DDMP can markedly improve verbal and composite memory in middle-aged and older individuals with memory deterioration.
Comparison of Amino Acid and Fatty Acid in Seafood, Meat, Beans, and Eggs Using the Food Composition Table.
Yamanaka-Okumura H, Yamamoto S, Kenzaka M … +6 more , Nakao S, Natsume S, Nishiyama H, Imafuku M, Oue C, Taketani Y
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582872 · Publisher ↗
Nutritional guidance typically uses protein and lipid intake rather than amino acids and fatty acids. However, the composition of amino acids and fatty acids varies depending on the food source, requiring detailed analys...
Nutritional guidance typically uses protein and lipid intake rather than amino acids and fatty acids. However, the composition of amino acids and fatty acids varies depending on the food source, requiring detailed analysis for accurate dietary assessment. Currently, limited research exists on the detailed composition of foods commonly consumed in Japan. Therefore, we aimed to compare the characteristics of amino acid and fatty acid in foods that are the major sources of protein in the Japanese diet. Data cleaning was performed on 2,478 foods listed in the Food Composition Table 2020 (8th revision). Heatmap cluster analysis was performed for food groups, amino acid, and fatty acid, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the percentage differences between food groups. Heat map cluster analysis of the fish and meat data showed that the foods were divided into two groups in the first level (fish and meat). Characteristic amino acid and fatty acid were 5/8 for meat, 1/27 for fish, and 13/0 for common, and no common fatty acid were noted. Significant differences were found between nine amino acids and 31 fatty acids. Heat map cluster analysis using data on seafood, meat, legumes, and eggs showed that foods could be classified into two clusters at the first level: seafood and meat, with legumes and eggs included in the meat cluster. The results of the heat map cluster analysis using statistical analysis and means indicated that seafood, meat, and legumes were characterized differently, especially in terms of fatty acid.
Association between the Frequency of the Combined Staple, Main, and Side Dishes Examined Using a Validated Questionnaire and the Intake of Nutrients and Food Groups among Young and Middle-Aged Japanese Adults: Results from the DOSANCO Health Study: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Yaegashi A, Okada E, Kimura T … +14 more , Nakamura K, Ukawa S, Nakagawa T, Imae A, Matsushita M, Minegishi Y, Momose I, Shimizu M, Suzuki J, Kubo C, Yamaguchi A, Musashi M, Ohkubo I, Tamakoshi A
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582871 · Publisher ↗
To clarify the association between the intake frequency of a meal combination of staple, main, and side dishes (SMS meal), determined using a validated questionnaire, and the intake of various nutrients and food groups a...
To clarify the association between the intake frequency of a meal combination of staple, main, and side dishes (SMS meal), determined using a validated questionnaire, and the intake of various nutrients and food groups among Japanese adults. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 936 persons aged 18-64 y who participated in the Dynamics of Lifestyle and Neighborhood Community on Health Study. The intake frequency of SMS meals was assessed using our validated questionnaire and validated. The intake of nutrients and food groups was examined using validated food-frequency questionnaires. To examine the association of the intake frequency of SMS meals with the intake of specific nutrients and food groups, linear regression analysis was conducted with adjustment for age, body mass index, education history, living status (alone or not), smoking status, and alcohol drinking. The intake frequency of SMS meals was significantly positively associated with the intake of 24/32 nutrients in men, 8/32 nutrients in women, 6/16 food groups in men, and 1/16 food groups in women, and significantly negatively associated with 2/16 food groups in men. A higher intake frequency of SMS meals was not significantly associated with a higher intake of salt or saturated fats. Our results suggest that a higher intake frequency of SMS meals, examined using a validated questionnaire, may be associated with a higher intake of certain nutrients and food groups among young and middle-aged adults without a higher intake of salt and saturated fats.
The Relationship between Children's Behavioral Characteristics and Eating Attitudes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japanese Preschool Children.
Inoue H, Morimoto Y, Hashimoto A … +4 more , Nagaya I, Kameyama N, Nakamura K, Kuwano T
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582870 · Publisher ↗
We aimed to clarify the relationship between eating situations and behavioural problems in Japanese preschool children. Subjects were 591 children who attended nursery school in city Y, Japan, and their guardians. We adm...
We aimed to clarify the relationship between eating situations and behavioural problems in Japanese preschool children. Subjects were 591 children who attended nursery school in city Y, Japan, and their guardians. We administered a questionnaire that included the children's behavioural characteristics and items pertaining to eating situations, family structure, and guardian's educational background. We analysed the association between eating situations, meal greetings, pleasant mealtime, states of mastication, eating speed, and behavioural problems among preschool children. In these analyses, a Total Difficulty Score (TDS) was used to classify children's behavioural characteristics into two groups, 'Normal' and 'Borderline/Abnormal,' and binomial logistic regression analysis was performed. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for 'Borderline/Abnormal.' Children who rarely ate breakfast with their families had an adjusted OR of 10.59 for borderline/abnormal TDS compared to children who ate breakfast with their families four or more days a week (p=0.005). Children who chewed only a little at meals had an adjusted OR of 3.25 for borderline/abnormal TDS than children who chewed well. Furthermore, the children who answered that mealtimes were not pleasant mealtime had an adjusted OR of 3.01 for borderline/abnormal TDS than children who always had pleasant mealtime. The results of this study suggested that children's behavioural problems, based on their TDS classification, were related to their eating situations and eating behaviours.
Relationship between Circulating Vitamin D Concentration and the Maternal Gut Microbiota during Early Pregnancy in Japanese Women: Results of a Pilot Study of Antenatal Vitamin D Supplementation.
Kang HS, Yamade I, Inoue T … +7 more , Otsubo M, Hamada H, Sudo S, Ogiso N, Hamakita S, Sawada M, Hatayama H
J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) · 2025 · PMID 40582869 · Publisher ↗
Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of various diseases, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal growth. Vitamin D modulates innate immunity and promotes immune tole...
Recent studies have demonstrated a significant role for gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of various diseases, pregnancy outcomes, and fetal growth. Vitamin D modulates innate immunity and promotes immune tolerance, suggesting involvement in shaping the gut microbiota. However, the relationship between vitamin D and the gut microbiota during pregnancy has not been evaluated in detail. In this study, we administered a vitamin D supplement (VD) to pregnant Japanese women, starting during the first trimester of pregnancy, and characterized changes in the circulating concentration of vitamin D and the gut microbiome. Sixty-two pregnant women were randomly allocated to three groups. VD was administered at low (200 IU/d), medium (400 IU/d), or high (1,000 IU/d) doses for 8 wk from 12 to 15 wk of pregnancy, and changes in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and the gut microbiome were evaluated. Changes in gut microbial taxa abundance were analyzed by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Before VD administration, 96.8% of the participants were VD-deficient, and none had a sufficient VD concentration. The serum 25(OH)D concentration increased in a dose-dependent manner in all the dose groups. Additionally, the abundance of Fusicatenibacter in the gut microbiota increased in a VD dosedependent manner, with a significant increase observed in the high-dose group. From these results, in pregnant Japanese women, the administration of high-dose VD increases the prevalence of VD sufficiency and alters the gut microbial composition, suggesting that this has benefits for the maternal and neonatal immune systems.
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