Cutaneous And Ocular Toxicology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Cellular toxicity profile of a new ophthalmic sponge.
Park KW, Chun JW, Yang SW … +3 more , Park SJ, Jeong DE, Koh JW
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37675483 · Publisher ↗
Ophthalmic sponges are used for cleaning the eye surface and absorbing fluids during ophthalmic procedures. This study compared the biological safety and stability of a new ophthalmic sponge, Occucell® (OccuTech Inc, Seo...
Ophthalmic sponges are used for cleaning the eye surface and absorbing fluids during ophthalmic procedures. This study compared the biological safety and stability of a new ophthalmic sponge, Occucell® (OccuTech Inc, Seongnam, Korea), on the human conjunctival epithelial cells with those of preexisting products to evaluate its clinical application. The cytotoxicity of four products, Occucell, a new product, Ultracell, Eyetec-1, and Eyetec-2, on conjunctival epithelial cells, was evaluated using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis. Additionally, human conjunctival epithelial cells were stained with a Live & Dead marker and observed using a fluorescence microscope. To evaluate the effect of the ophthalmic sponges on the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α, cultured conjunctival epithelial cells were treated with 0.5% DMSO eluates of the ophthalmic sponges, and IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels were estimated using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Cells treated with Occucell showed comparable viability to those treated with other preexisting products. Conjunctival epithelial cells showed more than 90% viability when treated with the ophthalmic sponge extracts, as determined by the MTT assay. No significant differences in the number of live & dead cells were observed between the control and treatment groups. Cells treated with all four ophthalmic sponge eluates showed similar IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA levels. Occucell, an eye sponge used during ophthalmic surgery in clinical practice, did not affect the viability of conjunctival epithelial cells, and more than 90% of the cells were viable after the treatment. Further, Occucell showed similar effects on IL-1β and TNF-α secretion as that of other ophthalmic sponges used in the clinic. This suggested that Occucell is a safe product comparable to the preexisting products.
Evaluation of peripapillary choroidal vascularity index in young smokers.
Eski MT, Sezer T, Bayraktar H … +1 more , Altıkardeşler E
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37667845 · Publisher ↗
This retrospective study aimed to compare the peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (CVI) between young smokers who smoked less than 5 packs/year and non-smokers. The study included 52 smokers and 67 non-smokers, and...
This retrospective study aimed to compare the peripapillary choroidal vascularity index (CVI) between young smokers who smoked less than 5 packs/year and non-smokers. The study included 52 smokers and 67 non-smokers, and comprehensive eye examinations were performed on all participants. Axial lengths (AL) were measured, and peripapillary enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) images were obtained and evaluated using the Open Source ImageJ software. The CVI, total choroidal area (TCA), luminal area (LA), stromal area (SA), and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) quadrants were compared between the two groups. The mean age of the smokers was 23.76 ± 1.84 years, and for non-smokers, it was 23.98 ± 2.18 years. The mean peripapillary CVI for smokers was 0.65 ± 0.08, and for non-smokers, it was 0.67 ± 0.03. No statistically significant difference in CVI was observed between the two groups. However, statistically significant differences were found in the temporal inferior (TI), temporal superior (TS), nasal inferior (NI), and nasal superior (NS) quadrants of the RNFL between the two groups ( < 0.05). There was no correlation between the number of packs/year and CVI values in the smoking group ( = 0.031, = 0.826). The study revealed no significant difference in CVI among young smokers who smoked less than 5 packs/year compared to non-smokers. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the TI, TS, NI, and NS quadrants of the RNFL in early-age smokers.
Comparison of three different dosages of low-level laser therapy on expression of cell proliferation and inflammatory markers following ovariohysterectomy in rats.
Polat B, Okur DT, Çolak A … +3 more , Okur S, Özkaraca M, Yilmaz K
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37624142 · Publisher ↗
The objective of the current study was to evaluate Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of incisional wounds following ovariohysterectomy in rats, by means of subjective histopathological and immunohistochemical...
The objective of the current study was to evaluate Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of incisional wounds following ovariohysterectomy in rats, by means of subjective histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. A total of 72 female Wistar rats were categorised into four treatment groups (Group I; sacrification 4 hours following only one LLLT application, Group II; sacrification 7 days following only one LLLT application, Group III; sacrification 4 hours after two LLLT applications, and Group IV; sacrification 7 days after two LLLT applications). Each group was further divided into four different doses subgroups (Group Control [C, off mode LLLT application], L [1 J/cm], L [3 J/cm], and L [6 J/cm]), with equal representation in each subgroup. Ovariohysterectomy was employed using two 2-cm-length midline abdominal incisions in the left and right sides of line alba. The Group C was assigned to the left side incision to each rat in the study. After irradiation, the tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis to determine the extent of mononuclear cell infiltration, edoema, and epithelialization. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pCNA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Group L and L significantly decreased mononuclear cell infiltration compared with Group C in all treatment groups ( < 0.05). Group L significantly decreased edoema compared with Group C in all groups except for treatment Group I ( < 0.05). Group L and L significantly increased epithelization in treatment Group IV ( < 0.05). Moreover, Group L and L significantly increased pCNA in all groups, while L and L significantly decreased iNOS expression in treatment Group II, III, and IV ( < 0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between subgroups of treatment Group I in iNOS expiration ( > 0.05). The results of the current examination demonstrated that LLLT can modulate mononuclear cell infiltration and edoema, and improve epithelization, as well as increase pCNA expression, whereas decrease iNOS expression during the wound healing process, therefore enhancing wound healing following ovariohysterectomy in rats.
Development of a simplified human embryonic stem cell-based retinal pre-organoid model for toxicity evaluations of common pollutants.
Wang Y, Yin N, Yang R … +5 more , Zhao M, Li S, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Faiola F
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37602871 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To explore the retinal toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), flame retardants, bisphenols, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human retinal progenitor cells (R...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the retinal toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), flame retardants, bisphenols, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are the primary cell types at the early stages of retinal development, vital for subsequent functional cell type differentiation, and closely related to retinal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After 23 days of differentiation, human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based retinal pre-organoids, containing RPCs and RPE cells, were exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 nM pesticides (butachlor, terbutryn, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, pendimethalin, and carbaryl), flame retardants (PFOS, TBBPA, DBDPE, and TDCIPP), PPCPs (climbazole and BHT), and other typical pollutants (phenanthrene, DCHP, and BPA) for seven days. Then, mRNA expression changes were monitored and compared. RESULTS: (1) The selected pollutants did not show strong effects at environmental and human-relevant concentrations, although the effects of flame retardants were more potent than those of other categories of chemicals. Surprisingly, some pollutants with distinct structures showed similar adverse effects. (2) Exposure to pollutants induced different degrees of cell detachment, probably due to alterations in extracellular matrix and/or cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we established a retinal pre-organoid model suitable for evaluating multiple pollutants' effects, and pointed out the potential retinal toxicity of flame retardants, among other pollutants. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms of toxicity and the effects on cell detachment are still unclear and deserve further exploration. Additionally, this model holds promise for screening interventions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of these pollutants.
The influence of smoking on retinal ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex in male diabetes.
Li L, Peng X, Jiang N … +4 more , Yan M, Zheng Z, Zhang D, Zhang L
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37585689 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the influence of smoking on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GC-IPL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography...
PURPOSE: This study aims to evaluate the influence of smoking on ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer complex (GC-IPL) thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in male diabetes. METHODS: 90 smoking and 90 never-smoking male subjects were included in this study. They were divided into six groups based on the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification: smoking healthy subjects (SH, = 20), non-smoking healthy subjects (NSH, = 20), smoking diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (SNDR, = 40), non-smoking diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (NSNDR, = 40), smoking diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (SDR, = 30), and non-smoking diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy (NSDR, = 30). After a full ophthalmologic examination, GC-IPL thickness and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by OCT. Statistical analysis was performed to compare GC-IPL thickness and CMT between groups. Multiple linear regression equations were constructed to explore the potential risk factors of mean GC-IPL thickness. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in GC-IPL thickness and CMT between SH and NSH (all > 0.05). Mean, superonasal, superior, superotemporal, inferonasal, inferior GC-IPL (＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, = 0.003, = 0.001, and = 0.005, respectively) were thinner in the SNDR than NSNDR except for inferotemporal GC-IPL thickness and CMT ( = 0.066, = 0.605, respectively). Mean, superonasal, superior, and inferonasal GC-IPL were thinner in the SDR than NSDR ( = 0.019, = 0.045, = 0.037, and = 0.049, respectively). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that age (β [SE], -0.141 [0.060]; = 0.020) and smoking (β [SE], -4.470 [1.015]; ＜0.001) were the most important determinants for mean GC-IPL thickness. CONCLUSION: Smoking is associated with reduced retinal GC-IPL thickness in male diabetes. Smoking behavior and age are important determinants of mean GC-IPL thickness.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on corneal endothelial structure and anterior segment parameters.
Garlı M, Küsbeci T, Aydın F … +1 more , Akmaz O
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37531136 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on corneal endothelial structure and anterior segment parameters in healthy eyes. METHODS: 17 eyes of 17 patients who were scheduled to receive HBOT for o...
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on corneal endothelial structure and anterior segment parameters in healthy eyes. METHODS: 17 eyes of 17 patients who were scheduled to receive HBOT for other than ophthalmologic indications were investigated in this prospective study. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal endothelial properties were evaluated using a specular microscope. Endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell area (AVG), coefficient of variation in cell size (CV), percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX), CCT, intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) values were measured before the HBOT, after the 1st session, and after the 20th session of therapy. RESULTS: 47% of the patients ( = 8) received HBOT because of avascular necrosis, 35% ( = 6) due to sudden hearing loss, 12% ( = 2) for diabetic foot, and 6% ( = 1) for wound infection. The mean IOP was 14,80 mmHg before HBOT, 14,20 mmHg after the 1st session, and 13,73 mmHg after the 20th session. The mean ACD was 3,38 mm before HBOT, 3,34 mm after the 1st session, and 3,16 mm after the 20th session. Although the mean IOP and ACD decreased after HBOT sessions, it was not statistically significant ( > 0.05). A significant reduction was observed in SE values after 20 sessions of HBOT compared to the values measured before HBOT ( = 0,009). The mean ECD was 2572,53 ± 261,51 cells/mm before HBOT, 2554,47 ± 236,13 after the 1st session, and 2563,13 ± 226,92 after the 20th session. When the corneal properties measured before and after HBOT sessions were compared, no significant difference was found in terms of CCT, ECD, AVG, CV, and HEX ( > 0.05). CONCLUSION: We observed no significant change in CCT, corneal endothelial layer properties, and anterior segment morphology after the 1st session, and after the 20th session of HBOT. Although HBOT reduced IOP and ACD, it was not statistically significant. HBOT may lead to a significant decrease in SE values after the 20th session.
The effect of baseline intraocular pressure and anterior segment parameters on intraocular pressure after intravitreal bevacizumab injection.
Özer Özcan Z, Gürbostan Soysal G, Tıskaoğlu NS … +1 more , Berhuni M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37531133 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the predictive effect of pre-injection intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters on post-injection IOP values after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age-rel...
PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the predictive effect of pre-injection intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment parameters on post-injection IOP values after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) in phakic and pseudophakic patient groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 65 eyes of 65 treatment-naive NVAMD patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to their lens status (35 phakic and 30 pseudophakic patients). Pre-injection IOP, anterior segment parameters measured with PENTACAM, and post-injection IOP values measured at the 5th minute were recorded. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to recognise the predictive effect of pre-injection IOP and anterior segment parameters on post-injection IOP for each group. RESULTS: Multivariate regression analyses showed that the decrease in anterior chamber depth (ACD), and the increase in pre-injection IOP were significantly correlated with higher post-injection IOP in the phakic patient group ( = 0.019 and 0.031; respectively). No correlation was found in the pseudophakic patient group. CONCLUSION: Pre-injection ACD and IOP values may be predictive of higher post-injection IOP in phakic patients. Preoperative assessment of these parameters could be beneficial in patients at risk of glaucoma.
Endothelial loss following postoperative intracameral triamcinolone acetonide and subconjunctival dexamethasone injections.
Sali F, Aykut V, Kunbaz A … +4 more , Durmus E, Hepokur M, Oguz H, Esen F
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37486313 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: To compare endothelial toxicity and efficacy of two local steroid injections (intracameral triamcinolone acetonide and subconjunctival dexamethasone) in controlling postoperative inflammation following pars p...
OBJECTIVES: To compare endothelial toxicity and efficacy of two local steroid injections (intracameral triamcinolone acetonide and subconjunctival dexamethasone) in controlling postoperative inflammation following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery. METHODS: This cohort included 54 patients that underwent combined surgery and received either intracameral triamcinolone acetonide injections ( = 27, IC-TA group) or subconjunctival dexamethasone ( = 27, Sc-Dex group) injections at the end of the surgery. All participants had at least 4 months or longer follow-up. A detailed ophthalmologic examination including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement and specular microscopy was performed at every visit. RESULTS: Endothelial cell density (ECD) reduced significantly in IC-TA group postoperatively (2418 vs. 2249, = 0.019), while it did not change significantly in Sc-Dex group (2541 vs. 2492, = 0.247). Postoperative ECD was also significantly lower in IC-TA group compared to Sc-Dex group ( = 0.011). Preoperative and postoperative IOP values remained unchanged both in IC-TA and Sc-Dex groups ( = 0.424 and = 0.523, respectively). However, 4 patients in IC-TA group and 5 patients in the Sc-Dex group needed glaucoma medications. The postoperative need for glaucoma medications was similar between the groups ( = 0.347). Postoperative inflammation was well controlled in both groups and none of the patients developed fibrin membrane or synechiae postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Both treatments were effective in controlling postoperative inflammation, but patients in IC-TA group experienced significantly higher endothelial loss. Sc-Dex injections are safer in terms of endothelial loss and preferable to control postoperative inflammation following complex intraocular surgeries.
Topical application of sh-oligopeptide-1 and clinical trials with cosmetic preparations: risk or fraud?
Martínez-Carpio PA
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37452558 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: sh-oligopeptide-1 is a cosmetic that is considered to be the bioequivalent of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). OBJECTIVE: The systematic search and selection of the information available on sh-oligopeptide-...
BACKGROUND: sh-oligopeptide-1 is a cosmetic that is considered to be the bioequivalent of the Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). OBJECTIVE: The systematic search and selection of the information available on sh-oligopeptide-1, and field research on laboratories manufacturing cosmetics and the legal regulation of their products. METHODS: Specialised search in Medline and Google Scholar (March 2023). A total of 22 references were obtained and 12 articles were selected for analysis, 7 of which were included in Medline. 9 articles correspond to clinical trials that use sh-oligopeptide-1 as equivalent to a functional recombinant human EGF (hr-EGF). The manufacturers are investigated and they are requested to provide scientific information. RESULTS: Using an inactive ingredient, clinical trials are published with favourable results in order to treat diabetics and cancer patients. These trials do not follow medical standards. Active EGF is not a cosmetic, rather it is a potent unauthorised drug. Likewise, sh-oligopeptide-1 is not a functional EGF, and it is not authorised for medical treatments. Topical hr-EGF is not authorised as a medication in any concentration, except for clinical trials. However, sh-EGF (sh-oligopeptide-1) is authorised as a cosmetic in several different concentrations for generalised use, with unknown long-term risks. CONCLUSION: Clinical studies on sh-oligopeptide-1 have no scientific basis, as the preclinical bioactivity of this molecule has not been proven.
Mucocutaneous alterations and complications in amphetamine abusers: a narrative review.
Balali-Mood M, Sinclair RD, Darchini-Maragheh E … +1 more , Etemad L
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37450708 · Publisher ↗
Amphetamines are the second most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Amphetamine use can result in significant cutaneous morbidity. This review highlights the dermatological manifestations of amphetamine abuse.
Amphetamines are the second most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Amphetamine use can result in significant cutaneous morbidity. This review highlights the dermatological manifestations of amphetamine abuse.
Evaluation of choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index in patients using combined oral contraceptive pills.
Icoz M, Yuzbasıoglu S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37437218 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index (CVI) in healthy women using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCp). METHODS: This prospective study included 30 women using COCp (3 mg drosp...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the choroidal thickness and choroidal vascular index (CVI) in healthy women using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCp). METHODS: This prospective study included 30 women using COCp (3 mg drospirenone/0.03 mg ethinylestradiol) for contraception for at least 1 year and 30 healthy women who did not use COCp. Intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL) and body mass index (BMI) values of all participants were recorded. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) and choroidal thickness at 1500 micron distance in nasal and temporal regions (NCT, TCT) were measured through optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Luminal, stromal and total choroidal area values were evaluated by binarization method. The ratio of the luminal choroidal area to the total choroidal area was determined as the CVI value. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in IOP and AL values between the two groups at no significant difference in age and BMI index ( > 0.05, for all). SCT, NCT and TCT values were no significant difference in the two groups ( > 0.05, for all). Luminal and stromal choroidal area values were found to be lower in the group using COCp ( = 0.01, = 0.02 respectively). The CVI value was 62.1 ± 3.6% in the COCp group and 65.6 ± 4.3% in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of CVI value ( = 0.002). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate CVI in women using COCp, and CVI was found to be lower in individuals using COCp. Therefore, CVI can be used in the follow-up of possible ocular pathologies that may develop in individuals using COCp.
Investigating the effects of dermal exposure to animal models on the riot-control properties of a powder formulation of leaf hair lining.
Nath TM, Das S, Zothanpuia … +1 more , Chattopadhyay P
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Sep · PMID 37427420 · Publisher ↗
Riot control agents (RCAs) such as CS, CN, CR, PAVA, and OC, etc., are already in use and has produced numerous health risks, including skin burns, dermatitis, gastrointestinal issues, impairment of respiratory variables...
Riot control agents (RCAs) such as CS, CN, CR, PAVA, and OC, etc., are already in use and has produced numerous health risks, including skin burns, dermatitis, gastrointestinal issues, impairment of respiratory variables, conjunctivitis, etc., and even prolonged and repeated exposure may cause death. Therefore, there is a demand and need for non-lethal, non-toxic RCAs that can effectively control riots without resulting in fatal outcomes. This study was carried out to evaluate the health risks related to a novel formulation made from isolated leaf hair lining, that can be used as the best suitable non-lethal RCAs. According to the OECD guidelines, studies on acute dermal toxicity, dermal irritation/corrosion, and skin sensitisation were carried out. Wistar rats were used in an acute dermal toxicity study, and the results indicated no mortality, morbidity, or abnormal food-and-water intake, biochemical parameters, or histopathological examination findings. A study on dermal irritation in Rabbits produced moderate erythema and the effect was instantaneous and resolved within 72 hrs of post-exposure. A skin sensitisation test was conducted on Guinea pig. The results showed that the formulation had moderate skin-sensitizing properties after the application of the challenge dose. Patchy erythema was seen, and it went away 30 hrs after the gauze patch was removed. The preclinical results did not produce any indication of severe toxicity which supports it to be used as a natural RCAs in the future.
Effectiveness and safety of a cream product containing zinc oxide for alleviating mosquito bite symptoms.
Minh VN, Yen VH, Hoa DT … +2 more , Huong NT, Hao BQ
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37418701 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: People frequently experience discomfort with immediate wheal, delayed papules, and pruritus from mosquito bites. A topical cream product containing zinc oxide is commercially available for the management of i...
BACKGROUND: People frequently experience discomfort with immediate wheal, delayed papules, and pruritus from mosquito bites. A topical cream product containing zinc oxide is commercially available for the management of insect bites, but there has been no published evidence for its effectiveness and safety. AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this product in symptoms caused by mosquito bites. METHODS: An open-label, controlled study was performed on 41 healthy participants. All subjects received mosquito bites on the forearm. Then test product was randomly applied to the bitten areas of the left or right arm. The other arm was left untreated (control). The onset of pruritus relief was noted. The severity of pruritus was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), ranging from 0 mm (no pruritus) to 100 mm (severe pruritus), and a 4-point pruritus score (0 = none; 1 = mild, not affecting normal activities; 2 = moderate, affecting normal activities to some extent; 3 = severe, significantly affecting activities) at four time points: 15 minutes after the mosquito bite (baseline), as well as 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after initiating treatment. The size of the bite reaction lesion was also measured at all time points. Any local cutaneous adverse reactions observed during the study were documented. RESULTS: The onset of pruritus relief in the treated group (25 ± 21.7 minutes) was significantly faster compared to the untreated group (118.7 ± 304.8 minutes). The reduction in VAS score at 1 hour was significantly greater in the product group (30.5 ± 16.22) compared to the control group (14.9 ± 9.9). Moreover, there was a significant difference in the reduction of pruritus score at 1 hour, with the product group (1.1 ± 0.5) showing a higher reduction compared to the control group (0.3 ± 0.4). However, there was no significant difference in the reduction of bite lesion size between the two groups. Throughout the study, no adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary findings indicate that the product effectively reduces pruritus caused by mosquito bites but does not have a significant impact on the size of the bite lesions. The product was found to be safe and may be an option for managing mosquito bites pruritus.
Compare of optic coherence tomography parameters in recreational synthetic tetrahydrocannabinol use and healthy control.
Eski MT, Teberik K, Taha S … +2 more , Büken B, Turan Sönmez F
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Sep · PMID 37417942 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal thickness (RT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and choroidal thickness (CT) changes in synthetic cannabinoid (SC) users. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the RT, RNFLT,...
PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal thickness (RT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), and choroidal thickness (CT) changes in synthetic cannabinoid (SC) users. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated the RT, RNFLT, and CT values of 56 SC users and 58 healthy controls. The individuals using SCs were referred to us by our hospital's forensic medicine department. Retinal and choroidal images were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Measurements (one subfoveal, three temporals, three nasal) were taken at 500 μm intervals up to 1500 μm using the caliper system. Only the right eye was used for subsequent analysis. RESULTS: Mean ages were 27.7 ± 5.7 years in the SC-user group and 25.4 ± 6.7 in the control group. Subfoveal Global RNFLT was in the SCs group 102.3 ± 10.5 μm and 105.6 ± 20.2 μm in the control group (p = 0.271). Subfoveal CT was in the SC group mean of 316.1 ± 100.2 μm and in the control group mean 346.4 ± 81.8 μm (p = 0.065). RT, T500 (283.3 ± 36.7 μm, 296.6 ± 20.5 μm, p = 0.011) and N1500 (355.1 ± 14.3 μm, 349.3 ± 18.1 μm, p = 0.049) were significantly higher in the SC group than in the control group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Analysis of OCT findings of individuals who had been using SC for more than one year revealed no statistically significant difference between RNFLT and CT, although N1500 was significantly higher in RT. Further studies in the field of OCT are important to explore the pathology of SC.
Early effects of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents on cornea and visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Liu X, Shen W, Xia W … +1 more , Lu P
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37417939 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the early effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents on the cornea and visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: T...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the early effects of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents on the cornea and visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients who were administered conbercept or ranibizumab to treat DR. Fundus photograph, fluorescein angiograph, and optical coherence tomography were preoperatively performed. The patients were classified into two groups: nonproliferative DR (NPDR) and PDR. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), specular microscopy, central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure were obtained before injection and at 1 day and 7 days after injection. The effects of anti-VEGF agents on BCVA and CCT were compared between the groups receiving conbercept and ranibizumab and between NPDR and PDR eyes. RESULTS: A total 38 eyes (30 patients) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-one eyes received conbercept, and 17 eyes received ranibizumab. Twenty eyes were classified as NPDR and 18 eyes as PDR. No significant differences were found between the groups receiving conbercept and ranibizumab in the increase in BCVA nor in the increase of CCT at 1 day and 7 days after injection. As compared with NPDR eyes, PDR eyes demonstrated a significantly greater increase in CCT (-5.3 ± 3.7 vs. 6.5 ± 2.9 μm, = 0.02 < 0.05) but not in BCVA ( = 0.33) at 1 day after injection. At 7 days after injection, no significant differences were found in the increase in BCVA nor in the increase of CCT between NPDR eyes and PDR eyes. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF agents could cause a small but significant greater increase in CCT in PDR than in NPDR eyes in the early period. In patients with DR, no significant difference was found between conbercept and ranibizumab in the early effects on the visual acuity nor in the cornea.
Aging of the skin in pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
Cinal H, Yener Hİ
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37417936 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: It was reported that pseudoexfoliative material deteriorates iris, brain, heart and lung functions. This material is also found in the skin. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible eff...
BACKGROUND: It was reported that pseudoexfoliative material deteriorates iris, brain, heart and lung functions. This material is also found in the skin. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of pseudoexfoliation material on the aging of the facial skin. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) cases and 40 age- and gender-matched controls were evaluated. Job, cigarette use and the presence of any systemic diseases as well as the duration of sun exposure for all the cases were recorded. All of the cases underwent facial skin examination with Wrinkle Assessment Scale as per Lemperle G et al. and Pinch Test. RESULTS: Wrinkle Assessment Scale scores of the groups also were compared for all 8 facial locations. There were statistically significant differences found between Wrinkle Assessment Scale scores in PES and Control Group for all 8 locations. Mean Wrinkle Assessment Scale scores of women were 4.12 ± 0.74 in Control Group and 4.75 ± 0.37 in PES group (p = 0.0001). For men, mean Wrinkle Assessment Scale scores were 3.77 ± 0.72 in Control group and 4.54 ± 0.36 in PES group (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: These results implies that there is quicker progression in aging of facial skin in PES than normals.
Effect of smoking on corneal and lens clarity: a densitometric analysis.
Özcan D
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Dec · PMID 37417933 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on corneal and lens densitometry measurements using Pentacam HR and to compare the results obtained with those in non-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-...
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on corneal and lens densitometry measurements using Pentacam HR and to compare the results obtained with those in non-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional comparative study included 40 chronic-smokers and 40 age-matched healthy non-smokers between 18-40 years. After general ophthalmic examination, the Pentacam HR imaging system was used to evaluate corneal and lens densitometry measurements of smokers and non-smokers. RESULTS: The mean corneal densitometry values were not statistically significantly different in all the concentric zones and layers in the eyes of the smokers and non-smokers ( > 0.05, for all). However, the mean values of zone 1, zone 2, zone 3 and average lens densitometry measurements of the smokers were statistically significantly higher compared to non-smokers ( < 0.05, for all). Additionally, significant positive correlations were detected between the number of pack-years smoked and lens densitometry measurements. CONCLUSION: Lens densitometry measurements of smokers were significantly increased while corneal densitometry measurements were not significantly altered compared to non-smokers. Smoking may contribute to cataractogenesis and smoking and age-related changes may act synergistically to cataract development among smokers.
Systemic isotretinoin therapy and central macular and choroidal thicknesses in acne vulgaris: is there any association?
Dehghani A, Kargar S, Faghihi G … +5 more , Adibi N, Noorshargh P, Dehghani S, Pourazizi M, Abtahi-Naeini B
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Sep · PMID 37399081 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of oral isotretinoin therapy on central macular thickness (CMT) thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: CT and CMT thickness of 43 eyes...
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of oral isotretinoin therapy on central macular thickness (CMT) thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: CT and CMT thickness of 43 eyes were evaluated at baseline, the third, and sixth month of isotretinoin therapy by spectral-domain OCT. For assessment of CT, OCT measurements were obtained at the fovea with six additional measurements at adjacent locations (at 500-1000 µm temporal to the fovea and 500-1000 µm nasal to the fovea). RESULTS: Forty-three eyes from 43 patients with acne vulgaris, including 33 females (76.7%), who had a mean age of 24.81 ± 6.60 years, completed the study. The mean CMT was 231.49 ± 19.52 at the baseline and significantly decreased to 229.0 ± 19.57 ( = 0.02) and 229.28 ± 18.83 after three and six months, respectively ( < 0.03). The change in the macular thicknesses measured at four quadrants and choroidal thicknesses were not statistically significant during the study ( > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The result of our study demonstrated choroidal thickness change is not significant in patients with acne vulgaris after systemic isotretinoin therapy during six months of follow-up. The decreased CMT amount was 2.2 microns; even if statistically significant, this amount is clinically insignificant.
Toxicity of simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injection of voriconazole on corneal endothelium in a rabbit model.
Moon JY, Suh W, Jun RM … +1 more , Han KE
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Sep · PMID 37350680 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the toxicity of repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injections of voriconazole in corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model. METHODS: Thirty-six eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabb...
PURPOSE: To investigate the toxicity of repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral injections of voriconazole in corneal endothelial cells in a rabbit model. METHODS: Thirty-six eyes of 18 New Zealand white rabbits (six eyes per group) were divided into 6 groups according to the concentration of voriconazole (Group A, 0%; Group B, 0.05%; Group C, 0.1%; Group D, 0.25%; Group E, 0.5%; Group F, 1%). A combination of intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections were administrated to the eyes of each group three times on days 0, 3, and 7. Corneal clouding grades and central corneal thickness (CCT) were examined on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The endothelial cell counts (ECC) were measured on days 0 and 14. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed on day 14. RESULTS: Group F (1%) showed more severe corneal clouding than the other groups (Groups A-E) from day 7 ( < 0.05, respectively). There were no significant differences in CCT and ECC among the six groups at any time point ( > 0.05, respectively). SEM revealed blurring of the cell border and loss of microvilli at concentrations ≥0.25% (Groups D-F). TEM revealed microstructural changes in endothelial cells at concentrations ≥0.1% (Groups C-F), and multiple vacuoles were observed at a concentration of 1% voriconazole (Group F). CONCLUSIONS: Repeated simultaneous intrastromal and intracameral voriconazole injections at a concentration of 0.1% or higher induced microstructural endothelial damage in rabbit corneal endothelial cells.
Oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and psychiatric adverse effects - a systematic review.
Fernandes T, Magina S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2023 Sep · PMID 37343232 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of the most effective treatments for severe acne...
PURPOSE: Acne vulgaris is a very prevalent dermatological condition, especially among adolescents and young adults up to 25 years old, classifying it as juvenile acne. One of the most effective treatments for severe acne is isotretinoin, a derivative of retinoic acid. Despite its high efficacy, this drug has been linked to several side effects including psychiatric adverse alterations, such as anxiety, depression and even suicide. With this systematic review we aim to determine if it is possible to establish a causal relation between oral isotretinoin in the treatment of juvenile acne and the appearance of psychiatric adverse effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched two distinct databases, PubMed and Web of Science, and considered the work published between January 2000 and November 2021. RESULTS: Out of the 599 identified articles, we included 19 studies in this systematic review. Globally, the results we found do not support an association between the use of isotretinoin for acne treatment and mental side effects and the safety of this drug appears to be assured. However, the individual characteristics of each adolescent and their environment should be considered; the personal and family history of mental disorders are pointed out as red flags we should look out for when treating these patients. CONCLUSION: Despite this being a highly debated topic, especially among the dermatology community, more studies with larger populations and randomised controlled trials are necessary to increase the strength of the evidence presented.
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