Cutaneous And Ocular Toxicology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Correction.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38695323 · Publisher ↗
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Enhanced sun protection factor of octocrylene with green tea and bhringraj extracts.
M P, B N, T K
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38608452 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study of sun protection factor boosting effect sunscreen compositions with herbal extract and combination with octocrylene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The standardized herbal extracts procured and...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study of sun protection factor boosting effect sunscreen compositions with herbal extract and combination with octocrylene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The standardized herbal extracts procured and studied their sun protection Factors. Camellia Sinensis (Green tea) leaf Extract, Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract are selected for the development of the herbal sunscreen composition along with octocrylene as synthetic sunscreen. The developed sunscreen composition contains defined concentration of herbal extracts and octocrylene were evaluated for their different physicochemical properties and stability. Sun protection factor boosting effect of herbal extracts is studied combination with octocrylene. RESULTS: Invitro SPF studied for herbal extract individually and combination with octocrylene. The results of Invitro SPF study revealed the presence of green tea extract and, Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract shows excellent sun protection factor (SPF) boosting value of sunscreen composition containing 5% concentration of herbal extract and octocrylene. The sunscreen formulation containing 5% herbal extracts are stable for 12 weeks in an oven (45 °C). CONCLUSION: The findings of this in-vitro SPF study revealed a sun protection boosting capacity of green tea extract and bhringraj extract confirmed. SUMMARY: The over exposure of human skin to Ultra-Violet Radiation (UVR) can trigger photodamage, UV burn, pigmentation, erythema, and enhance the chance of dermal carcinoma. UVR causes DNA damage, which leads to dermal cancer. Daily sunscreens protect the skin from the adverse effects of sun rays, especially UVB (290-320 nm) and UVA (320-400 nm). The ozone layer filters UVC (200-290 nm) radiation when it enters into atmosphere of the earth. UVB causes sunburn, photo damage and cause mutagenic changes in nucleic acids. UVA increases ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) accumulation. ROS is responsible for cell repair which leads to carcinogenesis, and the cause of photodamage. Herbal extracts contain polyphenols, and flavonoids act as a natural sunscreen that will filter Ultra-Violet (UVB) light and contain antioxidant characteristics to modulate the photo-oxidative damage that results from UV-induced Reactive Oxygen Species production. The UVR protection of most herbal extracts are required to attain the higher UV protection in the sun care products. The approaches for preparing sun care products with higher Sun Protection Factor (SPF) possible through Oil in water formulation with herbal extract combinations of octocrylene. The developed sunscreen composition containing different concentration of herbal extracts were evaluated for their other physicochemical properties and stability. Invitro SPF was studied for Camellia Sinensis (Green tea) Leaf Extract and Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract individually and in combination with octocrylene. The results of the Invitro SPF study revealed the Camellia Sinensis (Green tea) Leaf Extract with octocrylene shows better Sun protection factor than Eclipta prostrata (bhringraj) leaf extract with octocrylene. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) enhancement value of sunscreen compositions was compared to both sunscreen macroemulsion and nanoemulsion.
Evaluation of isotretinoin effects on depression, sleep apnea and sleep quality.
Orenay OM, Temel B, Capci AK … +2 more , Bal ZI, Karaosmanoglu N
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38608451 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is used to treat severe acne, treatment-resistant moderate acne, and acne that leads to scarring or psychological distress. It has many side effects and is also associated with depression, sleep...
BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin is used to treat severe acne, treatment-resistant moderate acne, and acne that leads to scarring or psychological distress. It has many side effects and is also associated with depression, sleep apnea, and sleep disturbances. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of isotretinoin on depression, sleep apnea, and sleep quality. METHODS: A total of 42 patients diagnosed with acne and started isotretinoin treatment were included in the study. In order to compare the effects of isotretinoin, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire containing the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline and third months of treatment. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in BDI, BQ, and PSQI scores between the 1 and 3 months of treatment ( = .53, = .5, = .35). CONCLUSION: This study showed that isotretinoin had no significant effects on depression and sleep quality.
Understanding the impact of risankizumab on keratinocyte-derived IL-23A in a novel organotypic 3D skin model containing IL-23A responsive and IL-17A producing γδ-T-cells.
Huth L, Amann PM, Marquardt Y … +3 more , Jansen M, Baron JM, Huth S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38284163 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To study the effects of the anti-IL-23A antibody risankizumab on the IL-36γ/IL-23A/IL-17A signalling cascade we used a newly developed 3D skin model consisting of primary human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and γδ-...
PURPOSE: To study the effects of the anti-IL-23A antibody risankizumab on the IL-36γ/IL-23A/IL-17A signalling cascade we used a newly developed 3D skin model consisting of primary human keratinocytes, fibroblasts and γδ-T-cells. METHODS: In this study we developed new full-thickness 3D skin models containing normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and IL-23A responsive and IL-17A producing γδ-T-cells. The effects of IL-36γ stimulation with and without risankizumab treatment on IL-23A and IL-17A expression were examined at the RNA and protein levels. RESULTS: In preliminary monolayer experiments stimulation of γδ-T-cells with IL-23A promoted the IL-17A expression that was inhibited after risankizumab treatment. Using 3D skin models containing γδ-T-cells, we found that stimulation with IL-36γ significantly increased not only IL-23A but also IL-17A expression. These effects were inhibited by concomitant treatment with risankizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that blockade of IL-23A has inhibitory effects on the IL-36γ/IL-23A feedforward loop. Our newly developed 3D skin model containing IL-23A responsive and IL-17A producing γδ-T-cells enables molecular analysis of targeted therapies aimed at the IL-36γ/IL-23A/IL-17A signalling cascade in psoriasis.
Clinical features and biomarker differences of severe intrinsic and extrinsic atopic dermatitis.
Liu Z, Shi Z, Deng Y
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 38258428 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD) can be classified into intrinsic AD(IAD) and extrinsic AD(EAD). However, the differences in clinical features and pathogenesis between these two subtypes of AD are currently unclear. Th...
OBJECTIVES: Atopic dermatitis (AD) can be classified into intrinsic AD(IAD) and extrinsic AD(EAD). However, the differences in clinical features and pathogenesis between these two subtypes of AD are currently unclear. This study aimed to analyse the differences in clinical features and peripheral blood biomarkers between Chinese patients with severe IAD and EAD in order to elucidate the physiopathogenesis of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 316 hospitalised patients definitively diagnosed with severe AD were included in this study. There were 72 cases of severe IAD and 244 cases of severe EAD. The clinical features of the patients were recorded in details. Serum total IgE, IgA, IgG, IgM, complementC3/C4, peripheral blood cell counts, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in AD patients and 60 age-matched healthy controls were analysed. IAD and EAD had similar severity/Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) scores. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, IAD patients had significantly higher total IgE, eosinophils, monocytes, LDH, CRP, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α, and lower IgM and C4. EAD patients had significantly higher total IgE, IgA, eosinophils, white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, LDH, CRP, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and lower IgM than healthy controls. IAD patients had a higher percentage of rural/urban living and female/male, a shorter course of disease and lower total IgE, eosinophils, WBC counts, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, LDH, IgG and C4 than EAD patients. SCORAD scores, eosinophils, LDH expression levels increased with total IgE uniquely in patients with EAD. CONCLUSIONS: IAD and EAD exhibit specific clinical features and molecular changes. IAD has a more complex physiopathogenesis, and deserves further investigation.
Evaluation of corneal endothelial cell morphology off and on treatment by specular microscopy in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Koc H, Önal BS, Hoşoğlu E
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38235962 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To determine the structure and properties of corneal endothelial cells in children and adolescents with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment at least six months. METHOD: The prospective, observational stu...
PURPOSE: To determine the structure and properties of corneal endothelial cells in children and adolescents with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment at least six months. METHOD: The prospective, observational study included 33 eyes of 33 patients diagnosed with ADHD who received methylphenidate treatment for at least six months, 33 eyes of 33 patients newly diagnosed with ADHD who did not start medication treatment, and 33 eyes of 33 healthy individuals. Average cell density, coefficient of variation, maximum cell area, normal cell area, minimum cell area, average cell area, and hexagonality ratio values were evaluated by non-contact specular microscopy. The parameters recorded in all three groups were compared. RESULTS: The average age of children in the ADHD + MPH, ADHD, and control groups is 9 ± 1.7, 8.9 ± 2.3, and 8.9 ± 1.8 years, respectively. ( > 0.05) The average MPH treatment dose is 0.94 ± 0.19 mg/kg, the average daily MPH intake is 34.12 ± 14.04 mg, and the average duration of use of MPH is 24.03 ± 12.46 months. Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured as an average of 540.45 ± 31.23 in the ADHD + MPH group, 540.61 ± 29.69 in the ADHD group, and 546.58 ± 27.72 in the control group. ( = 0.499) The average coefficient of variation (CV) values were measured as 25.48 ± 4.22 in the ADHD + MPH group, 26.12 ± 3.48 in the ADHD group, and 26.12 ± 3.64 in the control group. ( = 0.491) The average hexagonality ratio (%) (HEX) values were measured as 69.45 ± 8.41 in the ADHD + MPH group, 68.21 ± 6.82 in the ADHD group, and 68.91 ± 7.97 in the control group. ( = 0.892) No statistically significant difference was observed between all three groups in terms of all parameters. CONCLUSION: Methylphenidate treatment administered for at least six months with a diagnosis of ADHD did not have a toxic effect on the corneal endothelium.
The efficacy of HDDPiW-jSB solution on docetaxel-induced alopecia of rats.
Demir B, Demirci B, Tataroglu C … +2 more , Barutca S, Barutca D
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38179974 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients, however; it doesn't have an effective pharmacological treatment yet. In this study we aimed to research the protec...
OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy induced alopecia (CIA) is one of the most common side effects in cancer patients, however; it doesn't have an effective pharmacological treatment yet. In this study we aimed to research the protective effect of newly developed HDDPiW-jSB solution on docetaxel (DTX) -induced rat alopecia model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Docetaxel (10 mg/kg/week) was administered to the 6-8 months old rats for three weeks. HDDPiW-jSB solution was applied once or twice a week for 4 weeks beginning prior to one week before DTX. Rat hair follicles were evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin and immune-histochemical staining. RESULTS: In the first stage of this study, alopecia was successfully developed by DTX (10 mg/kg/three times) application. In the second stage of the study, application of HDDPiW-jSB solution, did not change the study parameters significantly on control group. The solution improved the anagen hair follicle count and Bcl-2 levels in the skin samples of DTX-induced alopecic rat groups, especially when applied twice weekly. Additionally, level of Caspase 3 was decreased. HDDPiW-jSB solution was safe when applied on the skin. CONCLUSION: Topical HDDPiW-jSB solution could be effective and safe for the protection of DTX-induced alopecia in rat models.
Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of systemic and ocular toxicity of favipiravir in rats.
Özcan D, Özçelik F, Mammadov R … +6 more , Aktaş M, Altındağ F, Alkan AA, Karapapak M, Altuner D, Süleyman H
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Jun · PMID 38174703 · Publisher ↗
Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular...
Favipiravir (FAV) used against COVID-19 is an antiviral drug that causes adverse reactions, such as hyperuricaemia, liver damage, and hematopoetic toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the systemic and ocular side-effects of FAV in rats, for the first time. A total of 18 albino male Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into 3 groups as the healthy group (HG), the group given 50 mg/kg/day favipiravir (FAV50), and the group given 200 mg/kg/d favipiravir (FAV200). These doses were given to the experimental groups for one week. At the end of the experiment histopathological examinations were performed on the conjunctiva and sclera of the eye. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in blood samples taken from rats. Compared to HG, the MDA (1.37 ± 0.61 4.82 ± 1.40 µmol/mL), IL-1β (2.52 ± 1.14 . 6.67 ± 1.99 pg/mL), and TNF-α levels (3.28 ± 1.42 . 8.53 ± 3.06 pg/mL) of the FAV200 group were higher. The levels of tGSH (7.58 ± 1.98 2.50 ± 0.98 nmol/mL) and SOD (13.63 ± 3.43 . 3.81 ± 1.43 U/mL) the FAV200 group were lower than the HG ( < 0.05, for all). The degree of damage to the cornea and sclera of the FAV200 group was quite high according to HG ( < 0.001). FAV can cause damage to rat conjunctiva and sclera by increasing oxidant stress and inflammation at high dose.
Potential inhibition of 12--tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation, hyperproliferation, and hyperplasiogenic responses by celecoxib in mouse skin.
Rahman S, Haque R, Raisuddin S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 38127818 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Skin exposure to noxious agents leads to cutaneous lesion marked by an increase in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and hyperplasiogenic reactions. Studies have demonstrated that these damages breach the sk...
PURPOSE: Skin exposure to noxious agents leads to cutaneous lesion marked by an increase in inflammation, cellular proliferation, and hyperplasiogenic reactions. Studies have demonstrated that these damages breach the skin integrity resulting in the aetiology of various cutaneous disorders like atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and development of non-melanoma skin cancer. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is an effective treatment for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Its importance in the therapy of skin problems, however, remains under appreciated. METHODS: We tested efficacy of topically applied celecoxib in mitigating skin inflammation, cellular proliferation, and hyperplasia induced by the phorbol ester 12--tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Swiss albino mice. RESULTS: Celecoxib (5 and 10 μmol) markedly reduced TPA (10 nmol) induced prostaglandin E (PGE) production, oedema formation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). It also resulted in a considerable decrease in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and the incorporation of [H]-thymidine into DNA. In addition, there was a significant reduction in histoarchitectural abnormalities such as epidermal thickness, number of epidermal cell layers, neutrophil infiltration, intercellular oedema, and vasodilation. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that topical celecoxib can reduce the inflammation, hyperproliferation, and hyperplasiogenic events of skin insults suggesting that it may prove to be a valuable management option for cutaneous lesion and associated illnesses such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis, as well as the emergence of non-melanoma cancer.
Ocular irritation reversibility assessment of a laundry detergent using the Porcine Corneal Opacity Reversibility Assay (PorCORA): a focused study.
Vij P, Brinkman A, Koch RM … +2 more , DeGeorge G, Wolter M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 38099874 · Publisher ↗
Consumer product manufacturers utilise a spectrum of alternative ocular irritation assays, as these tests do not require the use of live animals. Despite their usefulness, no regulatory-accepted assay assesses the revers...
Consumer product manufacturers utilise a spectrum of alternative ocular irritation assays, as these tests do not require the use of live animals. Despite their usefulness, no regulatory-accepted assay assesses the reversibility of ocular damage, a key criterion of GHS ocular classification, like the rabbit eye test (i.e., Draize Rabbit Eye Test [DRET]) . The Porcine Corneal Opacity Reversibility Assay (PorCORA), an intact corneal tissue culture model, predicts the reversibility of damage by ocular irritants. Inclusion of the damage reversibility endpoint in the PorCORA supplements other alternative test methods for ocular irritation, by assessing induced eye damage and the ability of this damage to reverse (heal) without the use of live animals to distinguish between Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) ocular classifications. In this focused study, results of a Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) test of a laundry detergent, neat and 10% dilution, (product mixture from S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. [SCJ]) classified the product into GHS Category 1; however, the BCOP test cannot assess the reversibility of ocular damage. The laundry detergent was evaluated using the PorCORA, where ocular damage induced by the detergent was fully reversed within seven days. Evaluation of the reversibility of ocular damage using the PorCORA in this focused study can add strength to the weight-of-evidence (WoE) analysis approach in ocular hazard assessment. This WoE approach strengthens the argument that the PorCORA can be used to supplement BCOP data, and that this laundry detergent is not an irreversible eye irritant.
A systematic review of heavy metals contamination in cosmetics.
Gyamfi O, Aboko J, Ankapong E … +4 more , Marfo JT, Awuah-Boateng NY, Sarpong K, Dartey E
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37916307 · Publisher ↗
Globally, the consumption and use of cosmetics have increased exponentially. The presence of hazardous metals raises worries about their potential long-term impacts on human health. This review's primary goal is to shed...
Globally, the consumption and use of cosmetics have increased exponentially. The presence of hazardous metals raises worries about their potential long-term impacts on human health. This review's primary goal is to shed light on the presence and ranges of heavy metal concentrations in diverse cosmetic samples as well as the instrumental techniques used by various authors to analyse the hazardous metals in the articles under evaluation. This analysis concentrated on 16 publications that measured the levels of heavy metals like lead, cadmium, iron, nickel, chromium, and mercury in various cosmetic samples that were published between the years 2012 and 2020. The study's findings support the existence of these metals as pollutants or components in cosmetics, both of which pose substantial health hazards. The regulations and acceptable limits vary across different countries, which is a significant challenge for the cosmetic industry. Therefore, there is a pressing need to standardise the acceptable limits of these toxic metals in cosmetics. Instrumental techniques such as AAS, GFAAS, ICP-OES/ICP-AES, and ICP-MS were employed by Researchers to analyse the toxic metals in cosmetics.
Literature analysis of cutaneous adverse reactions induced by tislelizumab.
Guo Q, Jin L, Zhang T … +6 more , Gao R, Zou K, Fu M, Bi H, Zhang J, Zhang M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37909927 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Tislelizumab may induce immune-related adverse events, especially adverse skin events. Early detection and timely intervention of cutaneous adverse events are crucial to improve patients' quality of life and r...
OBJECTIVE: Tislelizumab may induce immune-related adverse events, especially adverse skin events. Early detection and timely intervention of cutaneous adverse events are crucial to improve patients' quality of life and reduce the disruption of therapeutic regimens. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of cutaneous adverse reactions to tislelizumab and offer a reference for its rational clinical use. METHODS: Case reports of cutaneous adverse reactions induced by tislelizumab were collected from the relevant databases (up to 31 March 2023). Patient age, sex, primary disease, medication use, occurrence of adverse skin conditions, treatment, and outcomes were recorded and descriptively analysed. RESULTS: A total of 13 patients were enrolled, including six males and seven females, aged 55-79 years, with a median age of 75 years and a mean age of 70.92 ± 8.84 years. The original disease was lung carcinoma in none patients, cervical carcinoma in two, and urothelial carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in one each. The time from the initiation of medication use to the occurrence of cutaneous adverse reactions ranged from 7 to 177 days. Among the 13 patients, 10 showed improvement after drug withdrawal or symptomatic treatment. Two patients died (one died of disease progression and multiorgan failure, one died of acute coronary syndrome), and one patient's adverse skin reactions persisted without treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tislelizumab-related cutaneous adverse reactions mostly occur after several days to months of treatment. In clinical practice, evaluation and monitoring should be strengthened. More attention should be paid to erythema and rashes, which may be signs of serious adverse skin reactions. Early detection and intervention can ensure the safe use of drugs and provide greater clinical benefits to patients.
Toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on retinoblastoma mitochondria.
Seydi E, Tahmasebi G, Arjmand A … +1 more , Pourahmad J
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37908111 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the most important cancers in children with a higher rate of prevalence in developing countries. Despite different approaches to the treatment of RB, it seems necessary to discover...
PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the most important cancers in children with a higher rate of prevalence in developing countries. Despite different approaches to the treatment of RB, it seems necessary to discover a new approach to its treatment. Today, mitochondria are recognised as an important target in the treatment of cancer. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been studied by researchers due to their important biological effects. METHODS: In this study, the effects of SPIONs on mitochondria isolated from Y79 retinoblastoma cells were investigated. RESULTS: The results showed that SPIONs were able to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and subsequently damage the mitochondrial membrane and release cytochrome c a as one of the important pro-apoptotic proteins of RB mitochondria. Furthermore, the results indicated a decrease in cell viability and an increase in caspase-3 activity in Y79 retinoblastoma cells. CONCLUSIONS: These events can lead to the killing of cancerous mitochondria. Our results suggest that SPIONs can cause mitochondrial dysfunction and death in RB mitochondria.
Defined approaches to classify agrochemical formulations into EPA hazard categories developed using EpiOcular reconstructed human corneal epithelium and bovine corneal opacity and permeability assays.
van der Zalm AJ, Daniel AB, Raabe HA … +8 more , Choksi N, Flint Silva T, Breeden-Alemi J, O'Dell L, Kleinstreuer NC, Lowit AB, Allen DG, Clippinger AJ
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37905558 · Publisher ↗
Many sectors have seen complete replacement of the rabbit eye test with reproducible and relevant and methods to assess the eye corrosion/irritation potential of chemicals. However, the rabbit eye test remains the st...
Many sectors have seen complete replacement of the rabbit eye test with reproducible and relevant and methods to assess the eye corrosion/irritation potential of chemicals. However, the rabbit eye test remains the standard test used for agrochemical formulations in some countries. Therefore, two defined approaches (DAs) for assessing conventional agrochemical formulations were developed, using the EpiOcular Eye Irritation Test (EIT) [Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline (TG) 492] and the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (OECD TG 437; BCOP) test with histopathology. Presented here are the results from testing 29 agrochemical formulations, which were evaluated against the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) pesticide classification system, and assessed using orthogonal validation, rather than direct concordance analysis with the historical rabbit eye data. Scientific confidence was established by evaluating the methods and testing results using an established framework that considers fitness for purpose, human biological relevance, technical characterisation, data integrity and transparency, and independent review. The and methods used in the DAs were demonstrated to be as or more fit for purpose, reliable and relevant than the rabbit eye test. Overall, there is high scientific confidence in the use of these DAs for assessing the eye corrosion/irritation potential of agrochemical formulations.
Allergic contact dermatitis to lip care cosmetic products - a systematic review.
Pal B, Kumari S, Kumari A … +2 more , Singh SK, Babbar H
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37904533 · Publisher ↗
Lip care cosmetics products are any external preparation used by people to prevent drying, chapping, dullness, and beautification of lips. This study aimed to review the literature on allergic reactions induced by differ...
Lip care cosmetics products are any external preparation used by people to prevent drying, chapping, dullness, and beautification of lips. This study aimed to review the literature on allergic reactions induced by different types of lip care cosmetic products. A literature search was performed in PubMed from inception to June 2022. The study included articles published in English and available in full text. References of illegible articles were searched. Studies describing any patient who developed allergic contact dermatitis after the application of lip care cosmetic products were included. A total of 47 reports consisting of 58 individuals experienced allergic reactions to lip care products. Several lip care cosmetics products, such as lipsticks, lip balms, lip salve, lip gloss, lip liner, and lip plumper, were found to be associated with allergic reactions. The most common ingredients that caused the allergic contact dermatitis were castor oil, benzophenone-3, gallate, wax, and colophony. Lip care cosmetics products contain several components that have been associated with allergic reactions. Awareness needs to be created among the general public and dermatologists regarding the presence of possible allergens in lip care cosmetic products.
The effect of IL17 and IL23 inhibitors on hematological parameters and C-reactive protein in psoriasis patients.
Esen M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37897439 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: In the quest for objective biomarkers for psoriasis, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and mean platelet volume (MPV) have been used to assess...
INTRODUCTION: In the quest for objective biomarkers for psoriasis, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and mean platelet volume (MPV) have been used to assess disease severity, treatment efficacy, and follow-up in psoriasis, and their relationship with the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) has been investigated. PURPOSE: The evaluation of pre-treatment, 3rd and 6th-month levels of NLR, PLR, MPV, and CRP along with PASI scores in psoriasis patients treated with secukinumab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, and guselkumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, 83 patients aged 18 and over, who were followed up with moderate-severe plaque type psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis and received secukinumab, ixekizumab, risankizumab, and guselkumab treatment in the chronic skin diseases clinic of Fırat University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 2019 and 2023, were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Post-treatment leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet, CRP, and PASI values were statistically significantly lower in all biological agent groups and all patients. The post-treatment NLR value was statistically significantly higher in all patients and in the group using ixekizumab. The post-treatment PLR value was statistically significantly higher in the group using guselkumab and ixekizumab and in all patients. The post-treatment MPV was statistically significantly higher in all patients and in the group using secukinumab. No correlation was found between post-treatment PASI and other values (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the post-treatment 6-month values among all biological agent groups. The effects of different drugs on outcomes after treatment were found to be similar (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study supports the view that MPV and CRP can be used in patients with psoriasis using IL17 and IL23 inhibitors, while NLR and PLR parameters derived from blood count may not be used to evaluate treatment response, contrary to other studies.
Does corneal tattooing affect the conjunctival microbiota?
Yilmaz OF, Sarmıs A, Mutlu MA … +1 more , Oguz H
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37879108 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercial tattoo inks used in corneal tattooing on conjunctival microbiota. METHOD: This prospective case control study consisted of 125 participants divided in th...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercial tattoo inks used in corneal tattooing on conjunctival microbiota. METHOD: This prospective case control study consisted of 125 participants divided in the following three groups: 35 patients with corneal tattoos, 40 patients with corneal leukoma, and 50 healthy subjects. Corneal tattooing was performed in all the cases in this study using a tattoo pen machine and commercial tattoo ink. A total of 500 cultures were taken from 250 eyes of 125 individuals on chocolate and sheep blood agar. Bacteriological samples were taken from the inferior eyelid conjunctiva using a sterile cotton swab. Without any contact elsewhere, the swabs were smeared on bedside chocolate agars and 5% sheep blood agar. RESULTS: In tattooed eyes, bacterial growth was detected in 42.9% of the chocolate and sheep blood agar samples. In other healthy eyes of patients with corneal tattoos, 54.5% bacterial growth on chocolate agar and 57.1% on sheep blood agar were detected. No statistical difference was detected in the conjunctival microbiota of chocolate and sheep blood agar ( = 0.254, = 0.134, respectively) in the tattooed eyes compared to the other eye of the individual. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of bacterial growth in tattooed, leukoma, or healthy eyes on chocolate and sheep blood agar ( = 0.408, = 0.349). The growth rate of decreased by 33.3% (from 12 to 8) on chocolate agar in 35 tattooed eyes, and it decreased by 28.5% (from 14 to 10) on sheep blood agar, while gram-negative bacteria , , and were detected in three patients. CONCLUSION: Corneal tattooing using commercial dye does not affect conjunctival microbiota. In the past 3 years, 120 patients have been tattooed with commercial tattoo ink in Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital. No complications related to infection were found in the 3-year follow-up. The gram-negative bacteria detected in the healthy control group and tattooed eyes were bacteria found on normal skin or in the respiratory tract. Although some gram-negative bacteria do not cause infection, careful eye examination, follow-up, and culture are required in suspicious cases.
Outcomes and success of amniotic membrane transplantation for the treatment of corneal diseases.
Dikmetas O, Kapucu Y, Cankaya AB … +1 more , Kocabeyoglu S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37879107 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The amniotic membrane (AM), the inner layer of the placenta, is a semitransparent, avascular, and thin tissue that is useful due to its structure. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) avoids the need for kera...
PURPOSE: The amniotic membrane (AM), the inner layer of the placenta, is a semitransparent, avascular, and thin tissue that is useful due to its structure. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) avoids the need for keratoplasty to prevent corneal perforating. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the visual (gain of or no change in visual acuity) and corneal outcomes (closure of the ulcer or corneal healing) of AMT in patients with ocular surface diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective case control study (success or failure of the surgery). It was undertaken at a single academic center. The study cohort consisted of subjects with ocular surface diseases. Patients were treated with AMT for refractory ocular surface diseases. They were divided into five subgroups according to the preoperative diagnosis. The technique of AMT used was the onlay method with two layers of AM. Primary outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the number of AMTs, and reepithelization of the corneal epithelium at the end of the treatment. Two weeks to six months were given to consider epithelial closure. Treatment success was defined as corneal healing within 6 months. RESULTS: A total of the 66 eyes of 66 patients (39 male/27 female) with a mean age of 44 ± 23 years (range 1-88 years) were included in the study. A single AMT procedure achieved epithelial closure in 74.2% ( = 49) of the eyes (53% in <15 days, 19.6% in 15-30 days, and 1.5% in 1-6 months). The fastest reepithelization occurred in neurotrophic keratopathy, 76.9% of which cases occurred within 15 days after the AMT procedure. Treatment failure was observed in five patients (7.5%), four with keratitis and one with neurotrophic keratopathy. The highest closure rates were found in persistent epithelial defects, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), and bullous keratopathy, although there was no statistically significant difference in BCVA. Pairwise comparisons were made of neurotropic keratoplasty versus bullous keratopathy ( = 0.025), neurotrophic keratopathy versus keratitis ( = 0.004), GVHD versus keratitis ( = 0.003), and lastly, GvHD versus bullous keratopathy ( = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: AMT is a safe, valuable, and fast treatment technique to treat corneal epithelial defects stemming from different etiologies that are refractory to conventional treatment.
Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex thickness in diabetic smokers without diabetic retinopathy.
Özata Gündoğdu K, Doğan E, Çelik E … +1 more , Alagöz G
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37874321 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) in smoker and nonsmoker diabetics without diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pa...
PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) in smoker and nonsmoker diabetics without diabetic retinopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with diabetes were divided into two groups according to their smoking status: Group 1 consisted of 38 smoker diabetics who had chronically smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day for more than five years; Group 2 consisted of 38 nonsmoker diabetics. After a detailed ophthalmologic examination, the mean and regional (superior, supratemporal, inferior, inferotemporal, temporal, nasal, superonasal, and inferonasal) RNFL and GC-IPL thicknesses were measured with spectral-domain optic coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 ± 10.5 and 51.2 ± 9.7 years in the smoker and nonsmoker groups, respectively ( = 0.14). Gender, duration of diabetes, and the mean axial length were similar between groups (0.43, :0.54, : 0.52, respectively). Mean RNFL thickness was 89.1 ± 8.0 µm in the smoker group and 93.4 ± 7.0 µm in the nonsmoker group, and it was significantly thinner in the smoker group ( = 0.01). The temporal RNFL thickness in the smoker group was thinner than in the nonsmoker group ( = 0.02). There was no difference in superior, inferior, and nasal RNFL thicknesses between the groups ( = 0.31, = 0.12, = 0.39, respectively). The mean macular GC-IPL thickness of the smoker and nonsmoker groups was 78.53 ± 15.74 µm and 83.08 ± 5.85 µm, respectively ( = 0.09). Superior, superonasal, inferonasal, inferior, inferotemporal, and superotemporal quadrant GC-IPL thicknesses were similar between the groups ( = 0.07, = 0.60, = 0.55, = 0.77, = 0.71, 0.08, respectively). The groups showed no difference in minimum GC-IPL thickness (p = 0.43). There was a significant negative correlation between smoking exposure and mean, inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses in the smoker group ( = 0.04, r= -0.32, and = 0.01, r= -0.39, respectively). CONCLUSION: Mean RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in smoker diabetics. Although not statistically significant, especially mean, superior, and superotemporal GC-IPL was thinner in smoker diabetics. The results suggest a potential association between the coexistence of diabetes and smoking with alterations in RNFL and GC-IPL thickness.
Effect of isotretinoin treatment on inflammatory and hematological parameters in patients with acne vulgaris.
Esen M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Mar · PMID 37837334 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Although the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of isotretinoin (ISO) treatment in patients with acne vulgaris have been discussed in the literature in recent years, no sensitive and specific marker has...
PURPOSE: Although the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of isotretinoin (ISO) treatment in patients with acne vulgaris have been discussed in the literature in recent years, no sensitive and specific marker has been found in studies so far. Neutrophil/HDL (high-density lipoprotein) (NHR), lymphocyte/HD L(LHR), platelet/HDL (PHR), and lymphocyte/monocyte (LMR) are new biomarkers related to inflammation. Triglyceride/HDL (TG/HDL), LDL/HDL, and total cholesterol/HDL have been shown to be cardiometabolic risk factors predicting both cardiovascular disease risk and metabolic risk, rather than just a simple dyslipidemia scale. To our knowledge, the relationship between these parameters and ISO treatment has never been studied before. We aimed to evaluate the immuno-inflammatory response of ISO treatment in patients with acne vulgaris with NHR, LHR, PHR, LMR, TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, and total cholesterol/HDL parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 153 patients who received oral ISO treatment for at least 3 months with a diagnosis of moderate-severe acne vulgaris were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were given oral isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5-1 mg/kg. Pre and post-treatment leukocyte (WBC), neutrophil (NE), lymphocyte (LY), platelet (PLT), red cell distribution width (RDW), plateletcrit (PCT), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), monocyte/lymphocyte (MLR), LMR, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, MHR, NHR, LHR, PHR, TG/HDL, total cholesterol/HDL, LDL/HDL parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: It was found that post-treatment WBC and MPV values increased statistically significantly; NLR, neutrophil, and PCT values, on the other hand, decreased significantly ( < 0.05). No statistically significant change was detected in PLR, MLR, LMR, MHR, NHR, LHR, PHR, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, and RDW parameters ( > 0.05). It was determined that post-treatment total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, and LDL levels increased statistically significantly; however, the HDL level decreased significantly ( < 0.05). Levels of total cholesterol/HDL, TG/HDL, and LDL/HDL were also found to increase statistically significantly ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the MPV and NLR ratio as biomarkers can be used as indicators of atherosclerosis-related inflammation due to ISO treatment, but the MHR, NHR, LHR, PHR, MLR, LMR ratios cannot be used. Moreover, we believe that the ratios of TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, and total cholesterol/HDL offer a new contribution as indicators of cardiovascular risk and systemic inflammation related to ISO treatment.
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