Cutaneous And Ocular Toxicology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
The effects of oral supplementation of carvacrol on autophagy and epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulation in UV-induced skin damage.
Alvur O, Ozkol H, Altındag F … +3 more , Uce Ozkol H, Evyapan G, Akar S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40323273 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: The skin is the biggest organ of the body being most exposed to UV radiation (UVR). Many skin diseases may develop due to UV exposure. Thus, it is extremely important to reveal molecules that can prevent these...
OBJECTIVE: The skin is the biggest organ of the body being most exposed to UV radiation (UVR). Many skin diseases may develop due to UV exposure. Thus, it is extremely important to reveal molecules that can prevent these diseases. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Carvacrol (CVC), a liquid phenolic monoterpenoid is found in thyme and some plants related to thyme. In our study, for the first time in the literature we aimed to determine the effects of CVC on autophagy and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) mechanisms in skin damage of rats exposed to combined UVA and UVB radiation. For this purpose, twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: I (Control), II (CVC alone), III (UVA + UVB), IV (UVA + UVB + CVC). While UVA + UVB was applied without any treatment in Group III, this application was performed with CVC support in Group IV. As for the animals in Group II, only carvacrol was given. On the 30th day of the trial, expression of certain genes playing a role in autophagy and EMT pathways were evaluated at mRNA and protein level by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining in the shaved back skin tissues of rats. RESULTS: Based on our results, it can be concluded that CVC may prevent autophagic cell death by suppressing autophagy and it might support the wound healing process by inducing EMT in UV-induced skin damage. The molecular mechanisms of the effect of CVC on autophagy and EMT mechanisms should be clarified in further studies.
LncRNA SNHG1/miR-320b/CTNNB1 axis regulating the collective migration of fibroblasts in the formation of keloid.
Li Q, Zhang B, Lu J … +2 more , Li A, Wa Q
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40314441 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: To explore the regulatory molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) expression on keloid formation. METHODS: The expression differences of SNHG1, miR-320b, an...
BACKGROUND: To explore the regulatory molecular mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) expression on keloid formation. METHODS: The expression differences of SNHG1, miR-320b, and Catenin Beta 1 (CTNNB1) in keloid tissue and normal skin tissue of patients with keloid were detected. Normal cultured human fibroblasts were used as the Blank group (Blank) and then transfected with si-SNHG1 to silence SNHG1 expression. MTT assay, Transwell chamber assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot (WB) were used. SNHG1 and miR-320b, as well as miR-320b and CTNNB1, were found to be targeted using the dual luciferase reporter gene (DLRG) strategy. RESULTS: As against normal skin tissue, SNHG1 and CTNNB1 were increased, while miR-320b was decreased in keloid tissue ( 0.05). As against the Blank, there was a drop in the number of transferring and attacking cells, a decrease in the proliferative activity, an increase in the expression of miR-320b, a decrease in CTNNB1, and the relative expression (RE) of Pro-Collagen I, Cyclin D1, VEGF, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 was decreased in the si-SNHG1 group (AG) ( 0.05). CONCLUSION: SNHG1 could target and regulate miR-320b, and miR-320b could target and regulate CTNNB1. Fibroblast transfer, attack, and multiplication may all be prevented by reducing SNHG1 expression.
Comparative evaluation of chitligsan nanosuspension gel and spray for enhancing full-thickness wound healing in a rat model.
Arslan T, Okur S, Modoğlu E … +5 more , Gölgeli Bedir A, Özakar E, Yıldırım S, Bolat İ, Akçora Y
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40304401 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: This study explores the wound healing potential of Chitligsan (CHG), a novel formulation derived from the enzymatic and fossil-based components of Sahara soil, in nanosuspension-based gel and spray forms. U...
INTRODUCTION: This study explores the wound healing potential of Chitligsan (CHG), a novel formulation derived from the enzymatic and fossil-based components of Sahara soil, in nanosuspension-based gel and spray forms. Using a full-thickness wound model in Wistar rats, CHG's efficacy was compared with saline (control) and terramycin treatments. METHODS: A total of 48 rats were divided into four groups: Control (saline), Spray (CHG spray), Gel (CHG gel), and Terramycin pomad. Wound areas were measured at days 3, 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: By day 21, CHG spray reduced wound size to 0.08 ± 0.01 cm, while the gel achieved 0.09 ± 0.01 cm, outperforming both control (0.34 ± 0.02 cm) and terramycin (0.14 ± 0.05 cm, < 0.05). Histopathological analysis demonstrated superior epithelial regeneration, dense collagenization, and minimal inflammation in CHG-treated groups compared to others. The nanoscale size of CHG particles (89.6 ± 0.26 nm) and their stable zeta potential (-26.1 ± 1.5 mV) contributed to enhanced bioavailability and wound healing efficiency. Morphological and FTIR analyses confirmed the stability and compatibility of the nanosuspension. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights CHG's potential as a biocompatible and effective wound care solution, offering significant advantages in granulation tissue formation and keratinization compared to conventional treatments.
The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on central corneal thickness and anterior segment parameters.
Cömerter D, Aslan Y, Kalalı Issı E … +3 more , Sarıdoğan M, Baysal T, Uslu Doğan C
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40272842 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment modality commonly used for various medical conditions, such as diabetic foot ulcers and sudden hearing loss. This study aims to evaluate HBOT's effects on central...
PURPOSE: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a treatment modality commonly used for various medical conditions, such as diabetic foot ulcers and sudden hearing loss. This study aims to evaluate HBOT's effects on central corneal thickness (CCT) and other corneal topographic parameters through comprehensive ophthalmic assessment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed ophthalmologic examinations and corneal topography measurements were performed on 92 patients with various non-ophthalmologic diseases, both before and immediately after undergoing HBOT. Corneal topography was measured before and after the therapy. The recorded parameters included central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and corneal volume. The patients were also categorised into two groups: diabetic ( = 22) and non-diabetic ( = 70). RESULTS: Following treatment, statistically significant reductions were observed in CCT (529.69 ± 31.7 μm vs. 526.63 ± 33 μm, = 0.002) and corneal volume (58.63 ± 3.71 mm³ vs. 58.21 ± 3.58 mm³, = 0.016). Conversely, anterior chamber volume significantly increased (124.38 ± 30 mm³ vs. 126.42 ± 30.7 mm³, = 0.003). Comparative analysis between diabetic and non-diabetic groups revealed no substantial differences in CCT and corneal volume changes following HBOT. However, the diabetic group exhibited significantly lower baseline anterior chamber volume before treatment ( = 0.01 and = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: HBOT administration resulted in measurable reductions in CCT and corneal volume, along with an increase in anterior chamber volume, in all treated eyes. The observed decrease in corneal thickness manifested less prominently in diabetic patients compared to their non-diabetic counterparts, suggesting potential metabolic influences on corneal response to hyperoxic conditions.
Dermal irritancy assessment of microbial toxins and pesticidal contaminants found in recreational water using two- and three-dimensional human skin models.
Hughes MF, Ross DG, Simmons JE
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40177823 · Full text
PURPOSE: Dermal exposure to freshwaters contaminated with pesticides and microbial toxins may result in toxicity. This study assessed the in vitro dermal irritancy of selected pesticides and microbial toxins using two- (...
PURPOSE: Dermal exposure to freshwaters contaminated with pesticides and microbial toxins may result in toxicity. This study assessed the in vitro dermal irritancy of selected pesticides and microbial toxins using two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) human skin models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2D model was normal human keratinocytes. The 3D model was EpiDerm, derived from normal human keratinocytes that forms a multi-layered differentiated human epidermal model. Pesticides included dimethipin, α-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocylohexane, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, profenofos, and tribufos. Toxins included cylindrospermopsin and microcystin-LA, -LR, and -RR. Exposure to contaminants was either 1 or 24 h. Viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Results were determined relative to negative control. RESULTS: Significant effects in viability were observed in both models and time points. The greatest significant decrease in viability in the 2D model was tribufos at 1 h (23%) and cylindrospermopsin (37%) at 24 h. In the 3D model, the greatest significant decrease was microcystin-LA (16%) at 1 h and microcystin-RR (32%) at 24 h. CONCLUSION: Several microbial toxins and pesticides were cytotoxic in both models and time points. However, no contaminant tested in the 3D model for 1 h was > 50% cytotoxic, which would categorize a chemical as a dermal irritant (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Test Guideline 439 for skin irritation). The 24 h exposure time point had a greater number of cytotoxic contaminants in both models, particularly the 2D model. Screening potential irritants in the 2D model for 24 h may prioritize chemicals for further assessment in the 3D model.
extract enhances wound healing by promoting fibroblast activity and reducing inflammation in mice.
Ozturan YA, Akin I
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40173007 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of , well-designed and controlled studies are still needed to confirm its beneficial effects on various health conditions, including skin care. This stu...
INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of , well-designed and controlled studies are still needed to confirm its beneficial effects on various health conditions, including skin care. This study therefore evaluates the effectiveness of topically administered 5% aqueous extract on healing full-thickness skin wounds in male BALB/c mice. METHODS: Seventy-two mice were divided into three groups: CAL (treated with calendula extract), PSS (treated with physiological saline), and NC (negative control/no treatment). Wound healing was assessed over 14 days using planimetric measurements, counting fibroblasts and macrophages, biochemical analyses of growth factors, inflammation markers, hydroxyproline levels, and genomic analyses. RESULTS: The data obtained show that the application of CAL extract significantly reduces wound areas by day 7 compared to the NC and PSS groups. CAL extract also leads to an increase in fibroblasts, fibroblast growth factor, and hydroxyproline levels, while it reduces macrophages and inflammatory biomarkers levels in the healing wound. Genomic analyses indicate that topical application of CAL extract significantly reduces the expression of inflammatory biomarkers, including matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that 5% aqueous CAL extract enhances wound healing promising new insights for the effective topical treatment of skin wounds.
Adverse effects of topical tacrolimus compounded ophthalmic preparations.
Bakather A, Amin H, Nasif W … +1 more , Shoughy S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40166846 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the key ocular side effects associated with topical tacrolimus compounded ophthalmic preparations Materials and methods: Review of literature using Pubmed...
PURPOSE: The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the key ocular side effects associated with topical tacrolimus compounded ophthalmic preparations Materials and methods: Review of literature using Pubmed database. RESULTS: The use of topical tacrolimus may be associated with side effects ranging from mild ocular discomfort to more server complications like loss of integrity of corneal surface, corneal ulcer and infectious keratitis. However, the use of topical tacrolimus is not associated with increased incidence of secondary glaucoma or cataract. CONCLUSION: It is imperative to understand the potential side effects associated with topical tacrolimus ophthalmic preparations to optimize the treatment outcomes and guarantee patient safety. Routine ophthalmic examinations should be conducted to detect these side effects early and address them appropriately.
accelerates wound healing via the improvement of transforming growth factor beta 1 expressions, antioxidant levels, and inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6.
Mahmoud Al-Adwan S, Salem Al-Qaisi T, Abduljalal Jabbar A … +8 more , Abdulsamad Ismail P, M Hussein M Raouf M, Ibrahim Althagbi H, A Tayeb R, Ali Abed Wahab B, Rizgar Hassan R, Ameen Abdulla M, Ismael Saleh M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40135263 · Publisher ↗
Wound healing is an intricate, complicated process that needs special attention because of its related complications that may occur if not treated properly or because of therapeutic insufficiency. Common bugloss ( L.) is...
Wound healing is an intricate, complicated process that needs special attention because of its related complications that may occur if not treated properly or because of therapeutic insufficiency. Common bugloss ( L.) is a deep-rooted, hairy perennial herb used in folk medicine for numerous human issues, including wound recovery. To delineate its safety and healing potentials, we investigated the acute toxicity and wound-healing effects of L. (APEAO) aerial part extracts on excisional neck injury in rats. A uniform dorsal neck cut was formed in twenty-four albino rats, which were arbitrarily divided into 4 groups and treated daily with a topical 0.2 ml dose of the following: group A, rats received 10% tween 20; group B, rats received intrasite gel; groups C and D, rats had 250 and 500 mg/kg of APEAO, respectively. The APEAO treatment did not cause toxic damage in rats administered with up to 5 g/kg APEAO. In the wound experiment, APEAO-treated skin exhibited significantly higher deposition of tissue collagen and fibroblast cells. In contrast, inflammatory cells were significantly lower in the recovered tissues of than positve control rats. Topical application of APEAO caused positive modulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (angiogenesis) in recovered skin, indicating elevated tissue growth and faster wound-healing action. Moreover, APEAO treatment caused a significant elevation in tissue antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalyze) and hydroxyproline (collagen) content, lowering Malondialdehyde levels compared to vehicle rats. Serum inflammatory chemicals (Transforming growth factor α, Interlukin-6, and Interlukin-10) were significantly modulated following APEAO application. The outcomes revealed significant tissue regeneration potentials of APEAO exhibited by its modulatory actions on several cellular processes, which could serve as scientific evidence for future investigation regarding the production of potent pharmaceuticals for faster wound contraction.
Accommodation amplitude change after cosmetic use of the botulinum toxin in the upper face.
Demir N, Dalkılıc HG, Falay Gur T … +4 more , Kayhan B, Sevincli S, Can Kuru B, Sonmez M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 40112225 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Cosmetic botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are increasing worldwide. Adverse effects need to be evaluated in more detail for BoNT-A regulations. This study aims to assess the anticholinergic effect of BoNT-A...
PURPOSE: Cosmetic botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections are increasing worldwide. Adverse effects need to be evaluated in more detail for BoNT-A regulations. This study aims to assess the anticholinergic effect of BoNT-A on accommodation amplitude (AA) after upper face application. METHODS: Twenty patients aged between 20 and 45 years were recruited in this prospective, interventional study. Abobotulinum toxin A of 500 units was diluted with 3 ml saline and injected into the forehead, glabellar and periorbital area. AA was measured with both the push-up and minus-lens techniques before and after two weeks of the injections. T-test for normally distributed variables was applied for the comparison of the results. RESULTS: The study group comprised 18 women and 2 men with a mean age of 33.9 ± 8.59. AA decreased significantly after two weeks of the injection. In the push-up test, AA was 9.18 ± 4.72 D before BoNT-A injection and decreased to 7.11 ± 3.02 D after the injection (p < 0.001). In the minus lens test, AA reduced from 5.86 ± 2.24 D to 5.24 ± 2.06 D after BoNT-A injection (p < 0.001). Refraction did not change in any of the participants. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that cosmetic upper face BoNT-A injections reduced AA. However, this reduction did not result in any significant symptomatic effects in the patients. These findings suggest that while BoNT-A injection has a measurable impact on the ciliary muscle or its parasympathetic innervation, it may not lead to noticeable clinical outcomes.
Which factor have more adverse effect on ocular surface of patients treated with antiglaucoma drops; drug type, number of drugs or drug intensity?
Altay Y
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Jun · PMID 40105340 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To examine effects of topical antiglaucoma drops on ocular surface (OS)and meibomian glands(MG) in relation to drug type, number of drugs and drug intensity. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional case study of 93...
PURPOSE: To examine effects of topical antiglaucoma drops on ocular surface (OS)and meibomian glands(MG) in relation to drug type, number of drugs and drug intensity. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional case study of 93 patients with glaucoma treated with topical anti-glaucoma drugs for more than 1 year. According to drug type we formed two groups; Group 1: Prostaglandin containing drops(monotherapy and combination therapy), Group 2:Non -PGA therapy.According to drug number, we formed three groups; Group 1:One active drug compound, Group 2: Two active drug compounds, Group 3:Three or more active drug compounds.We formed 2 groups accrding to drug intensity index (DII); Group 1: DII was < 50, Group 2: DII ≥ 50.Conjonctival hyperemia, ocular surface staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), and eyelid signs representing meibomian gland disease (eyelid vascularity, irregularity, nature of meibum and the Marx line score) have been compared between groups. RESULTS: Prostaglandin containing drops group showed significantly worse results in comparison of TBUT, conjonctival hyperemia, ocular surface staining, lid margin vascularity, meibum quality, and Marx line score.Çonjonctival hyperemia, and lid margin vascularity were observed to be significantly higher in those using eye drops containing two or more active compounds.When the DII is increased only lid margin irregularity, and meibum quality are getting worse, significantly. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the main factor contrubuting to OSD and MGD were prostaglandin analog therapy as a drug type. Management of ocular surface disease in glaucomatous patients is important when trying to reduce further ocular morbidity.
Pharmacovigilance in intraocular antiangiogenic therapy.
Shahsuvaryan ML
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 40084564 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Anti-VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) agents have revolutionized ophthalmotherapy and are vital for various retinal disease treatment in ophthalmic practice. Ophthalmology has witnessed a...
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Anti-VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) agents have revolutionized ophthalmotherapy and are vital for various retinal disease treatment in ophthalmic practice. Ophthalmology has witnessed an explosion in the number of intravitreal injections delivered to patients over the past years. The rising popularity of anti-VEGF drugs came along with concerns about its safety in clinical use. The aim of this focused review is to critically analyze currently available findings on systemic safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for studies published from January 2012 to February 2025. The reference lists of meta-analyses and selected studies were also reviewed. Eighty four articles of high or medium clinical relevance were selected for review. The exclusion criteria included non-English language publications, articles directly unrelated to the review topic, commentaries, conference abstracts. RESULTS: Systemic safety concern in intraocular pharmacotherapy by antiangiogenic agents has a strong body of clinical evidence, resulting in plenty of peer reviewed clinical articles. It is certainly becoming recognized that anti-VEGF agents, despite given intraocularly, have the potential to cause systemic adverse events, such as cardiovascular, renal, neurological. CONCLUSIONS: Accumulating evidence obviate the need to raise medical professionals' awareness about systemic risk profile in patients with eye diseases treated by anti-VEGF, paying a special attention on patients with diabetes and older patients with multimorbidity. Early identification and prompt management of patients with undesirable systemic side effects secondary to intraocular pharmacotherapy by angiogenics can lessen disease severity, and help achieve earlier resolution.
Applications of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetics: a comprehensive review.
Naveed M, Javed T, Zawar MD … +5 more , Shafqat U, Taj MB, Wasim M, Batool M, Zawar MA
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 40071621 · Publisher ↗
The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the...
The utilisation of heavy metal-based nanoparticles in cosmetic products has been steadily increasing because of their extraordinary physicochemical properties and benefits. In this thorough review, we will delve into the various types of nanoparticles, such as green nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, and carbon-based nanoparticles, with a special focus on heavy metal-based nanoparticles. These heavy metal-based nanoparticles exhibit exceptional physical and mechanical properties, making them suitable materials for cosmetic and personal care products. Silver nanoparticles effectively treat acne and have strong antimicrobial properties, while gold nanoparticles have anti-ageing and anti-inflammatory properties. ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles are commonly used in sunscreens as ultraviolet (UV) filters to protect against ultraviolet-A (UVA) and ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation. Certain metals like nickel, chromium, and cobalt are major allergens, frequently causing contact dermatitis and allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Extensive use of materials such as cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic (metalloid) in cosmetics poses long-term health risks, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and organ damage. The utilisation of herbal extracts containing heavy metals in cosmetics further improves the effectiveness of personal care products due to their antioxidant properties. Consumer awareness and regulatory concerns, especially among those with metal allergies, are crucial for understanding the potential risks associated with heavy metal-containing cosmetics. Looking ahead, future research efforts should concentrate on the development of safer, non-toxic, natural nanomaterials and biocompatible alternatives to heavy metal-based nanoparticles.
Risk of HBV reactivation in psoriasis vulgaris patients receiving biological agent therapy.
Kankılıç AT, Karakoyun Ö, Ayhan E
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 40056433 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the frequency of use of biological agents in the treatment of many dermatological diseases has been increasing. While effective, these treatments may carry the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)...
OBJECTIVE: In recent years, the frequency of use of biological agents in the treatment of many dermatological diseases has been increasing. While effective, these treatments may carry the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, particularly in patients with underlying or resolved HBV infection. Data on the risk of reactivation—especially with newer IL-23 antagonists that treat psoriasis vulgaris such as risankizumab and guselkumab, and IL-17 antagonists such as ixekizumab and secukinumab—remain limited. The aim of this study was to investigate HBV seroprevalence in patients with psoriasis using biological drug therapy and to investigate the frequency of reactivation and the importance of prophylactic treatment in this patient group at risk of HBV reactivation. METHODS: This retrospective study included 219 patients (aged 18-92) with psoriasis vulgaris who were treated with at least one biological drug treatment for at least 3 months at Dicle University Dermatology Clinic between 1 January 2018 and 30 June 2024. HBV serological markers (HBsAg, anti-HBcIgG, anti-HBs) and laboratory test results were evaluated. Patients were divided into five groups based on HBV serological: natural immune, chronic HBV infection, isolated anti-HBcIgG positivity, vaccinated and susceptible. These serological tests were repeated every 6 months during follow-up. Patients who did not meet the above-mentioned criteria or had incomplete test results were excluded from the study. Screening for hepatitis B reactivation was performed only in those with a positive anti-HBc IgG test who were at risk of reactivation. This was defined as either: Those who had a positive HBV DNA test prior to biological treatment and had an increase of >1 log10İU/mL in HBV DNA titre during biological treatment use; or those who initially tested negative for HBV DNA prior to starting biological treatment but became HBV DNA–positive during treatment were considered to have HBV reactivation. RESULTS: Of the 219 psoriasis vulgaris patients, 102 (46.6%) females and 117 (53.4%) males. The distribution biological agents uses was as follows: 87 (39.7%) secucinumab, 29 (13.2%) ixekizumab, 47 (21.5%), guselkizumab, and 56 (25.6%) risankizumab. Patients were categorized into five (5) groups based on HBV serology and among these groups, 46 (21%) patients (10 with secucinumab and risakizumab, 12 with ixekizumab, and 14 with guselkizumab) were found to be at risk of hepatitis B reactivation (anti-HBc IgG test positive). It was observed that 40 (86.96%) of these 46 patients at risk of hepatitis B reactivation used prophylaxis, and no reactivation developed. No significant ALT or AST elevation was detected in all patients during their biological treatment CONCLUSION: IL-23 antagonist such as rizankizumab and guzelkumab, as well as IL-17 antagonists like secukinumab and ixekizumab, have been reported to carry a risk of hepatitis B reactivation during their use in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Although published data on reactivation of HBV with the use of these newer and increasingly used treatments, particularly IL-23 antagonists, remains limited, our findings support their safe use when appropriate screening and prophylactic measures are implemented. The findings in this study highlight the importance of the use of prophylaxis treatment as a key measure to prevent hepatitis B reactivation in at-risk patients. Additionlly, HBV screening should be performed prior to initiating biological therapy, with antiviral prophylaxis provided when necessary. Regular hepatitis screening every six months is also recommended to minimize potential complications, enable early detection and intervention, and ensure patient safety througout treatment.
Predictors of severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy.
Altın Ekin M, Arıkan G, Yagmurlu E … +5 more , Ural Fatihoglu O, Devebacak A, Kartı O, Ayhan Z, Soylev Bajin M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 40055901 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive factors for severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) using an objective grading system. METHODS: The study included patients diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hype...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive factors for severity in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP) using an objective grading system. METHODS: The study included patients diagnosed with glaucoma or ocular hypertension who had used a topical prostaglandin analog (PGA) unilaterally for at least three months. Clinical characteristics and PAP signs were compared based on the types of PGAs used. The severity of PAP signs was categorised according to an objective grading system. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for different grades of PAP. RESULTS: Among the 86 patients included in the study, 24 (27.9%) used bimatoprost, 35 (40.7%) used latanoprost, and 27 (31.4%) used travoprost. The most commonly observed feature of PAP was orbital fat atrophy (48.8%), followed by deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus (38.4%), involution of dermatochalasis (32.6%), and enophthalmos (26.7%). Fifty-eight patients (67.4%) exhibited at least one periorbital change associated with PGA use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age >60 years ( < 0.05), the use of bimatoprost ( < 0.05) and travoprost ( < 0.05), and PGA therapy duration >1 year ( < 0.05) were independent risk factors for higher grades of PAP. CONCLUSION: Older age, longer duration of PGA therapy, and the use of bimatoprost and travoprost were significant and independent predictors of severe PAP in patients with glaucoma. Patients with these risk factors should be identified and managed to prevent the development of severe PAP.
Benefits of incorporating plant extracts into a commercially available foundation for daily skin use.
Liao Z, Wen S, Ho LH … +1 more , Tan TC
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39985374 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study examined a plant extract (PE) foundation's safety, antioxidant and protective properties. To offer a scientific foundation for the viability of creating 'skincare makeup' and improve the comprehension...
PURPOSE: This study examined a plant extract (PE) foundation's safety, antioxidant and protective properties. To offer a scientific foundation for the viability of creating 'skincare makeup' and improve the comprehension of cosmetic compositions' efficacy evaluations. METHODS: Cellular assays tested six different concentrations (up to 5%) of the PE for cell viability levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of human immortalised epidermal cells (HaCaTs). The identified non-cytotoxic concentration (0.5% PE) was then tested by gene assays. A commercial foundation containing 0.5% PE (PEF0.5) was tested for safety, skin protective effectiveness, and user satisfaction. RESULTS: Compared to the control groups, 0.5% PE had a significant inhibitory effect on the expression level of MMP-1 but promoted the expression of COL1A1, COL3A1, ELN, and AQP3. PEF0.5 significantly ( < 0.05) reduced wrinkles and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) while improving hydration, glossiness, and elasticity for 14 and 28 days. Interestingly, sebum was reduced by PEF0.5 at 28 days without any negative consequences for 28 days. No significant ( > 0.05) differences were detected in the foundation's effectiveness and usability. CONCLUSION: Applying PEF0.5 for 28 days may improve the skin barrier function, as indicated by skin TEWL, hydration, wrinkle, elasticity, and sebum content, without any adverse effects.
The retinal damage and dazzling effects of three-primary color lasers and their synthetic white laser on rabbit eyes.
Ma Q, Xu T, Ni B … +2 more , Wang C, Kang H
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39925034 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: With the increasing use of diode lasers emitting in the visible light spectrum, concerns about their potential to dazzle and cause eye damage have grown. This study aims to determine the maximum safe exposure le...
PURPOSE: With the increasing use of diode lasers emitting in the visible light spectrum, concerns about their potential to dazzle and cause eye damage have grown. This study aims to determine the maximum safe exposure levels and evaluate the retinal damage and dazzling effects caused by red, green, blue, and synthetic white lasers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A chinchilla grey rabbit model was used for experimentation. Lasers with wavelengths of 635 nm (red), 520 nm (green), and 456 nm (blue), along with their combined output as synthetic white light, were directed at the rabbits' eyes for 0.2 s. Retinal damage was assessed using a fundus camera at 1 h and 24 h post-irradiation. Histological analysis was conducted to evaluate tissue changes. The dazzling effect was measured by recording the b-wave recovery time in the electroretinogram 0.1 s after laser exposure. RESULTS: The maximum safe power density levels for red, green, blue, and synthetic white lasers were found to be 140, 60, 35, and 55 mJ/cm, respectively. Exposures exceeding these thresholds resulted in visible retinal damage, including white-coagulated spots, hemorrhages, and corresponding histopathological changes. At an exposure level of 12.0 mJ/cm, the b-wave recovery times for green, blue, and synthetic white light were 9.0, 8.0, and 7.8 s, respectively, while no dazzling effect was observed with the red laser. CONCLUSIONS: The synthetic white light laser exhibited slightly inferior safety compared to the green laser but was significantly safer than the blue laser, with fewer dazzling effects. These findings provide valuable insights for the safe use of visible light lasers.
Photoprotective effects of quercetin on photoaging-induced rats.
Kizilkan B, Sereflican B, Cetinkaya A … +3 more , Erdogan Duzcu S, Altug C, Kizilkan J
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39690899 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Photoaging is characterised by cutaneous changes caused by exposure to ultraviolet light over time. Quercetin is a bioflavanoid with antioxidant, antineoplastic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investi...
PURPOSE: Photoaging is characterised by cutaneous changes caused by exposure to ultraviolet light over time. Quercetin is a bioflavanoid with antioxidant, antineoplastic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of topical quercetin on photoaging, a phenomenon not previously studied in ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced photoaging. METHODS: A total of 40 rats were randomly categorised into 5 groups, each comprising 8 rats. A photoaging model was induced by applying UVA to the dorsal region of all rats, except for the negative control group. Topical 0.1% retinoic acid was applied to one UVA group, topical 0.3% quercetin to another UVA group, and both agents were applied in combination to yet another UVA group 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Subsequently, wrinkle values were measured, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) levels were analysed, and histopathological parameters were examined. RESULTS: The wrinkle value of the UVA group was found to be significantly higher than that of the UVA + Quercetin group. Collagen damage was lower in the UVA + Quercetin group than in the UVA group, although this difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the UVA + Retinoic Acid group, the UVA + Quercetin group exhibited a more significant decrease in inflammation. MMP-1 values were considerably higher in the UVA + Retinoic Acid and UVA + Quercetin + Retinoic Acid groups as well as in the UVA + Quercetin group compared with the control and UVA groups. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that quercetin can be utilised in the treatment of photoaging, especially when combined with retinoic acid.
Evaluation of changes in thickness of macular sublayers in patients using Hydroxychloroquine: a cross sectional case-control study and literature review.
Farvardin M, Peiravian P, Ravankhah M … +1 more , Nowroozzadeh MH
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39680032 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To assess changes in the thickness of macular sublayers in individuals taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) without any evident toxicity and to review the relevant literature. METHODS: This prospective case-control s...
PURPOSE: To assess changes in the thickness of macular sublayers in individuals taking hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) without any evident toxicity and to review the relevant literature. METHODS: This prospective case-control study examined 47 adults on HCQ without evident toxicity on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and visual field tests, as well as 25 healthy controls. Macular thickness in different sublayers was measured using SD-OCT. The thickness of combination layers and the variability of sublayers were also recorded. Data were compared between the case and control groups, and the correlation between cumulative HCQ use and outcome measures was analysed. RESULTS: The average age of participants in the case and control groups was 45.6 ± 9.3 and 46.8 ± 11.7 years, respectively ( = 0.831). The percentage of female participants was 91.5% in the case group and 84.0% in the control group ( = 0.927). In the case group, the average duration of HCQ use was 5.1 ± 5.2 years, with a mean cumulative dose of 301 ± 365 g. No significant differences were found in the visual field mean deviation or pattern standard deviation between patients with HCQ use of <5-years vs. ≥5-years. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in various retinal thickness measurements between the case and control groups. However, a significant association was observed between the cumulative dose of HCQ and the thickness of the outer retinal layer (ORL) in both the outer ( = 0.344; = 0.032) and inner Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) macular rings ( = 0.303; = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS: No significant difference in macular sublayer thickness was found between patients taking HCQ without evident toxicity and the control group. A weak direct association was observed between the cumulative dose of HCQ and the ORL thickness. These findings suggest that analysing macular sublayer thickness may not be useful in detecting the earliest signs of presumed HCQ toxicity in individuals without classical sign of toxicity on qualitative SD-OCT or visual field test.
Effects of systemic fingolimod treatment on anterior segment parameters and tear film functions.
Tefon Aribas AB, Mungan S, Işik FD … +4 more , Celik G, Vural G, Ulusoy EK, Yuksel N
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39673145 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of systemic fingolimod treatment on parameters of the anterior segment of the eye and tear film function tests in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Forty-eight...
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential effects of systemic fingolimod treatment on parameters of the anterior segment of the eye and tear film function tests in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Forty-eight eyes of 24 individuals who were started on systemic fingolimod treatment for relapsing-remitting MS were prospectively enrolled in this study. Patients underwent examinations immediately before initiation of systemic fingolimod treatment, and at the first and sixth months of treatment. Anterior segment parameters were measured using Sirius Topography. The Schirmer-I test and tear break-up time (TBUT) were recorded during follow-up. Retinal thickness was also analyzed using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in retinal thickness measurements between follow-up visits. The central corneal thickness, keratometric values, anterior chamber depth, aqueous humor depth, iridocorneal angle, horizontal anterior chamber tilt and anterior chamber volume values remained similar during follow-up. The Schirmer-I test value was 15.10 ± 2.65 mm at the zeroth month and 17.03 ± 3.61 mm at the sixth month ( = 0.044). The mean TBUT was significantly higher at the six-month visit compared to baseline and the one-month visit ( < 0.001, < 0.001), but there was no statistically significant difference between baseline and month 1 ( = 0.419). CONCLUSION: Systemic use of fingolimod may increase Schirmer I test and TBUT values in MS patients without altering other anterior segment parameters within 6 months.
Juvenile toxicity of atropine sulfate eye drops in young rats.
Zhang W, Yang W, Liu L … +7 more , Dai J, Wang L, Huang Y, Lei X, Lin J, Zhang F, Guo J
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39625702 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effects of atropine sulphate eye drops (ASED)on the development of partial systems in young rats and their toxic reactions following repeated eye-drop administration over a p...
OBJECTIVES: This study was to investigate the effects of atropine sulphate eye drops (ASED)on the development of partial systems in young rats and their toxic reactions following repeated eye-drop administration over a period of 40 days. METHODS: SD rats of 20 days old were randomly assigned to control group, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04% ASED groups, with 60 females and 25 males per group. ASED was given by eye drops from PND onwards and normal saline was given in the control group at 10 μL/eye once a day for 40 days, in both right and left eyes. Rats of ASED groups were instilled with eye drops at the 10 μL/day per eye, from postnatal day 21 (PND) to PND for 40 consecutive days. The clinical observation, body weight, food intake, physical development, physiological development, reproductive development, ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure, and axial length of the rats were examined during the study period. RESULTS: ASED at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04%, dose levels of 0.002, 0.004, 0.008 mg/day per rat, had no toxicological effects on the clinical observation, body weight, food intake, physical development, physiological development, reproductive development, ophthalmic examination, intraocular pressure, and axial length in rats. CONCLUSION: The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of ASED in young SD rats equivalent to human over 2 years old was 0.008 mg/day at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL.
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