Cutaneous And Ocular Toxicology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Correction.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39621415 · Publisher ↗
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Intravitreal chlorhexidine for sterilizing the vitreous cavity in an animal model of bacterial endophthalmitis.
Hondur AM, Zeng Q, Ucgul Y … +7 more , Arioz I, Sahin EA, Erayman GG, Tekinay AB, Caglar K, Akyurek N, Tezel TH
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39621414 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal chlorhexidine (CHX) for sterilising the vitreous cavity in bacterial endophthalmitis. METHODS: For in-vitro experiments, full-thickness retina explants were ha...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal chlorhexidine (CHX) for sterilising the vitreous cavity in bacterial endophthalmitis. METHODS: For in-vitro experiments, full-thickness retina explants were harvested from freshly enucleated pig eyes. Six-millimeter circular sensory retina patches were then incubated in varying concentrations of CHX (0.625-800 µg/mL) for 24 hours. Retinal cell viability was determined at the end of the incubation period with a live-dead assay. The bactericidal effects of the tested CHX concentrations were determined using a quantitative suspension test on . The safety of CHX was also tested by injecting varying doses of CHX (50-400 µg/mL) into the vitreous cavity of albino rabbits followed by flash electroretinography (ERG) and light microscopy. The bactericidal effect of the non-toxic CHX doses was determined using the rabbit model of endophthalmitis created by injecting 3000 CFU/0.1 mL of RESULTS: In vitro concentrations of CHX greater than 6.25 µgr/mL exerted a bactericidal effect, while concentrations of CHX less than 200 µg/mL did not impair retinal cell viability. Intravitreal concentrations of CHX between 20-100 µg/mL were adequate to sterilise the infected rabbit vitreous cavity in the animal model. No significant functional or anatomical deleterious effect was observed with ERG or light microscopy. CONCLUSION: CHX can sterilise the vitreous cavity in an animal model of bacterial endophthalmitis without impairing retinal cell viability. Our results encourage further research for clinical use of chlorhexidine in treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis.
Changes in prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome: a self-controlled and prospective study.
Li W, Chen X, Chen S … +3 more , Lv Z, Tang J, Li N
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39620977 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of objective and subjective indicators of the prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome (PAPS) after continuous instillation of topical prostaglandin...
INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of objective and subjective indicators of the prostaglandin-associated periorbital syndrome (PAPS) after continuous instillation of topical prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension patients. METHODS: A self-controlled and prospective study of PGA instillation was performed in patients ( = 55) with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Bilateral instillation of bimatoprost, travoprost, latanoprost, or tafluprost was conducted (treatment, 3-6 months). The objective indicators recorded included interpupillary distance (IPD) and exophthalmos; subjective indicators were assessed via colour pictures of the periocular area. Data from before the administration of medication served as controls. Posttreatment changes in IPD, exophthalmos, deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus, periorbital hyperpigmentation and eyelash growth were analysed. RESULTS: Compared with those before treatment, the interpupillary distance (IPD) differed from the baseline value at 1 month after treatment ( < 0.0001), and the exophthalmos only significantly differed from the baseline value at month 3 ( = 0.0005). Visible periorbital changes at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment were assessed, and the incidence of eyelash growth and thickening was 7.27%, 45.45% and 66.67%, respectively. The incidence of periorbital hyperpigmentation was 7.2%, 18.18% and 33.33%, respectively. The incidence of upper-eyelid sulcus deepening was 3.64%, 7.27% and 16.27%, respectively. Bimatoprost had the highest incidence of PAPS, followed by travoprost and tafluprost, and latanoprost had the lowest incidence after three months of treatment in the between-group comparison. CONCLUSION: As an objective index to evaluate PAPS, the change of IPD was more obvious than the exophthalmos. Visible periorbital changes gradually appeared after three months of medication. Bimatoprost caused the most severe PAPS, and latanoprost caused the least severe PAPS. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn on 15 April 2021, under the identifier ChiCTR2100045465.
Effect of elamipretide and methylprednisolone treatment on optic nerve, retina and brain damage in a methanol poisoning model: biochemical and histopathological evaluation.
Bulbul O, Mammadov R, Suleyman B … +6 more , Kulaber A, Karaca Y, Yaman H, Yenilmez E, Sahin A, Ozer V
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2025 Mar · PMID 39601106 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to biochemically and histopathologically evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of elamipretide and methylprednisolone on methanol poisoning-induced brain, optic nerve, and retinal toxi...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to biochemically and histopathologically evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of elamipretide and methylprednisolone on methanol poisoning-induced brain, optic nerve, and retinal toxicity. METHOD: In this study, 40 male Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups: healthy control (HC), methotrexate (MTX, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d), methotrexate + methanol (MTX-M, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8), methotrexate + methanol + methylprednisolone (MTX-M-MPZ, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8 + MPZ 1 mg/kg/d for 3 d), methotrexate + methanol + elamipretide (MTX-M-E, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8 + elamipretide 5 mg/kg/d for 3 d), and methotrexate + methanol + methylprednisolone + elamipretide (MTX-M-MPZ-E, 0.3 mg/kg/d for 7 d + methanol 3 g/kg on Day 8 + MPZ 1 mg/kg/d + Elamipretide 5 mg/kg/d for 3 d). The rats were euthanized 8 h after the last drug administration. Histopathological and biochemical evaluations were performed on serum, caudatoputamen, and ocular tissues. Retinal degeneration was assessed using a scoring system where higher scores indicate less degeneration, with a score of 5 representing normal structure and 1 reflecting severe degeneration. RESULTS: In the MTX-M-MPZ-E group, the retinal degeneration score was higher than in MTX-M group ( = 0.002). The apoptosis index in the retina was highest in MTX-M group, while it was lower in MTX-M-MPZ-E group compared to MTX-M group ( = 0.018). In addition, the apoptosis index in the caudatoputamen was lower in MTX-M-MPZ-E group compared to MTX-M group ( = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Combined elamipretide and methylprednisolone treatment improved optic nerve and retinal degeneration, reduced neuronal degeneration in the caudatoputamen, decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and reduced apoptosis in the retina and caudatoputamen.
Correction.
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39562332 · Publisher ↗
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Effects on corneal endothelium of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs.
Malvasi M, Calandri A, Pacella E … +1 more , Vingolo EM
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39560148 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: Intravitreal drug administration has become the gold standard for the treatment of many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (R...
PURPOSE: Intravitreal drug administration has become the gold standard for the treatment of many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The frequency of this procedure has increased significantly after the introduction of anti-VEGF drugs, since the rise in the average age of the population, which is closely correlated with these diseases. In order to ensure therapeutic success in these patients with chronic retinal diseases, intravitreal treatment with anti-VEGF requires a long-term maintenance regimen with repeated administrations. For this reason today, we must consider the risks linked to complications associated with the long-term application of this therapy. Our study aims to investigate whether the intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF may lead to damage to the corneal endothelium, either directly through the administration procedure or indirectly due to the drug's toxicity. We aimed to establish a clear correlation between intravitreal drug administration and a statistically significant reduction in corneal endothelial cell count in the treated eye when compared to the untreated eye. The study also sought to assess whether different toxicities might be present between different types of drugs belonging to the same anti-VEGF family. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted by examining a cohort of 133 patients suffering from different diseases: AMD, EMD and RVO. All patients underwent measurement of the endothelial count with CellChek 20, considering the value measured at the first injection as time zero and reassessed at each subsequent treatment session. The measurement of the endothelial count was performed both on the eye under treatment (TE) and in the eye not undergoing intravitreal injection (NTE) with anti-VEGF drugs for each injection cycle. Different anti-VEGF drugs such as Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Brolucizumab were used for intravitreal therapy. The test patients were included in a 12-month follow-up programme, in which the measurement intervals are dictated by the treatment plan. RESULTS: The statistical analysis performed on the corneal endothelial cell counts showed that the ECD (endothelial cell density) parameter decreases with each administration of the drug. The analysis of the difference in the mean endothelial cell counts of the TE reveals that the difference in the number of endothelial cells between the first and second counts in TE is 54.00; greater than the difference in the number of cells found in NTE, which was 13.42. Both the difference between the TE and NTE cell counts are statistically significant. In the case of the TE, the -value is <0.001, while in the case of the NTE the -value is still significant as <0.05. The hypothesis that the different types of anti-VEGF drugs could determine the decrease in endothelial cell count differently was also evaluated. No statistically significant data emerged from the analyses (-value is >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of corneal endothelial cells in patients undergoing intravitreal injection treatment per number of injections with anti-VEGF, this reduction being independent of the type of anti-VEGF used (Bevacizumab, Ranibizumab, Aflibercept and Brolucizumab).
Isotretinoin increases non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris patients.
Kaya K, Gevher Ö
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39529610 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Lipid indices, particularly the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, are simple, reliable, non-insulin-based surrogate markers of...
BACKGROUND: Lipid indices, particularly the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) and the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, are simple, reliable, non-insulin-based surrogate markers of insulin resistance that have recently gained prominence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isotretinoin treatment on surrogate markers of insulin resistance, in particular the TyG index, in patients with acne vulgaris (AV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the records of 200 patients who received isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology between September 2023 and March 2024. Serum fasting glucose, fasting lipid profile [triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)] and other biochemical parameters were recorded. Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index value was calculated with the formula Ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Pre-treatment values were compared with values after 5 months of treatment. RESULTS: TyG index and TG/HDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL ratios all increased statistically significantly ( < 0.001). In addition, a positive correlation was found between pre- and post-treatment TyG index values and pre- and post-treatment TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and TG/HDL ratio values ( < 0.001). Among lipid measurements, triglycerides, total cholesterol, VLDL-C, LDL-C increased statistically significantly ( < 0.001), while HDL-C decreased statistically significantly ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that isotretinoin treatment may increase insulin resistance in AV patients by increasing surrogate biomarkers of insulin resistance. We also suggest that the TyG index and other lipid indices can be used in treatment follow-up.
The treatment efficacy of 7.5% dapsone gel in papulopustular rosacea: a prospective study.
Özkoca D, Caf N
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39529605 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Topical dapsone has a level A recommendation for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea; however, its treatment efficacy has not been studied previously. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and...
INTRODUCTION: Topical dapsone has a level A recommendation for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea; however, its treatment efficacy has not been studied previously. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical 7.5% dapsone gel applied once daily at night in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study including female papulopustular rosacea patients with a minimum IGA score of 2. The patients were recruited at two different outpatient clinics by two independent dermatologists. The patients were prescribed 7.5% dapsone gel (same brand) for once-daily use at night. No other topical or systemic treatment modalities were allowed to be used during the study except for a sun protection factor 50 sunscreen and an emollient face cream. The patients were evaluated with the total lesion counts and IGA scores at weeks 0, 4 and 8 by two independent dermatologists. The side effects of burning, stinging, pain, erythema, and exfoliation were questioned during the follow-up visits. RESULTS: All 32 recruited patients (18-70) completed the study. The mean lesion counts of the patients were 22.10 ± 8.95 on the initial visit, 11.90 ± 6.49 on the 4th week follow-up and 3.87 ± 3.76 on the 8th week follow up. The mean IGA scores of the patients were 3.06 ± 0.81 on the initial visit, 2.10 ± 0.87 on week 4 and 0.74 ± 0.73 on week 8. The decrease in the mean lesion count and IGA score of the patients in weeks 4 and 8 were statistically significant ( = 0.000 for all). This decrease was independent of the patient's age ( > 0.005). No side effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The 7.5% topical formulation of dapsone is effective for papulopustular rosacea both on the first and second months of the treatment regardless of the age of the patient. Its safe side effect profile suits for a comfortable use in rosacea patients with a decreased skin tolerance.
Anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and morphological impact of phycocyanin on ultraviolet radiation irradiated human fibroblast cells.
Nowruzi B, Sabzevari Joopari O
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39514801 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Recently, the use of natural products as skin photoprotective agents has been in increasing demand. This study investigated the bioactivity of phycocyanin (PC) extracted from sp. on human skin fibroblast cel...
BACKGROUND: Recently, the use of natural products as skin photoprotective agents has been in increasing demand. This study investigated the bioactivity of phycocyanin (PC) extracted from sp. on human skin fibroblast cell line (CCD-966SK), specifically focusing on apoptosis, necrosis, anti-inflammatory effects, and enzymatic reactions. METHODS: The first step of this study was cyanobacterial cell culture and the extraction and purification of PC. After that, CCD-966SK cell line was cultivated under normal and UV irradiation. The bioassays included the cytotoxicity measurement, cell viability assay, morphology determination, tumour necrosis factor-α and Interleukin 6 release assays, enzyme activity for superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as well as malondialdehyde content and the cell-free extract of cyanobacterial stains were assessed. RESULTS: The cell viability results showed that as the concentration of the PC increased, the viability of CCD-966SK cell line was reduced, which suggested that the effect of PC on the growth of fibroblast cells was dose dependent. The morphological results indicated that presence of PC in the fibroblast cell culture medium led to a transformation in cell morphology from spindle-shaped to spherical. PC released anti-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-a cytokines, indicating high inflammation resistance. Furthermore, the findings revealed that PC dramatically reduced the release of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and malondialdehyde from inflammatory cells, with the reduction being more apparent at increasing doses. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results indicated that PC inhibit the CCD-966SK cell line by membrane destructor, which led to the increase the leakage of cell constituent and increase enzymes activities.
The effects of electronic cigarette smoking on retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness.
Balasubaramaniam D, Lim YW, Retnasabapathy S … +2 more , A Qamarruddin F, Singh S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39498579 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and choroid in healthy electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers using spectral domain...
PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and choroid in healthy electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). MATERIAL AND METHOD: 25 healthy electronic cigarette smokers and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy non-smokers were included in the study. RNFL, GCL, IPL and choroidal thickness were measured by SD-OCT using an automated programme. After normality tests, an independent sample -test was used to analyse the differences in RNFL, GCL, IPL, and choroidal thickness values between the groups. RESULTS: The mean age of electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers was 33.68 and 33.64 years, respectively. The mean smoking history was 6.6 years (range 5-8 years). Most of the participants smoked 2-5 ml of e-liquid per day (52%), while 36% smoked more than 5 ml and 12% smoked less than 2 ml per day. The mean intraocular pressure in the electronic cigarette smoker group was 15.0 mmHg, while the non-smoker group was 15.32 mmHg. The mean axial length in the electronic cigarette smoker group and non-smoker group was 23.36 and 23.63 mm, respectively. No significant difference was observed regarding RNFL, GCL, IPL or choroidal thickness between both groups. CONCLUSION: The thickness of the RNFL, GCL, IPL, and choroid was found to be similar in both the healthy electronic cigarette smokers and non-smokers groups.
Impact of oral isotretinoin on the inflammatory markers: can lymphocyte/HDL-C and platelet/HDL-C ratios be new indicators of inflammation in acne vulgaris patients?
Zorlu Ö, Albayrak H, Aytekin S
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39498542 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The effect of isotretinoin on inflammatory markers has been reported with conflicting results. No studies have been reported on the relationship between isotretinoin and lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein...
INTRODUCTION: The effect of isotretinoin on inflammatory markers has been reported with conflicting results. No studies have been reported on the relationship between isotretinoin and lymphocyte/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] ratio (LHR), neutrophil/HDL-C ratio (NHR), or platelet/HDL-C ratio (PHR) in acne patients. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate how isotretinoin affects the inflammatory markers, including LHR, NHR, and PHR, in acne vulgaris patients. METHODS: A total of 361 patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris who received systemic isotretinoin for at least six months were included. Complete blood count and biochemical analyses, including monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR), NHR, LHR, PHR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), obtained at the treatment onset and the end of the first, third, and sixth months of treatment were investigated. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in MHR and NHR levels between repeated measures. A significant increasing trend was seen in LHR and PHR ( = 0.001 and = 0.011, respectively). HDL-C levels gradually and significantly declined during the six months ( < 0.001). Serum NLR, derived NLR, SII, SIRI, MLR, and AISI showed a significant decrease in line with clinical improvement in acne during the six months of therapy ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Declining levels of NLR, MLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI may indicate the anti-inflammatory effects of isotretinoin on the pilosebaceous unit, whereas increasing levels of LHR and PHR may show systemic inflammatory activity of isotretinoin.
Evaluation of the common skin diseases in patients with malignancies and the cutaneous side effects of cancer treatments.
Tamer F, Gharehdaghi S, Adisen E
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39470712 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: The diversity of skin diseases in patients with malignancies leads to diagnostic difficulties and complicate cancer treatment. Furthermore, the increasing use of chemotherapy drugs and novel treatment regimens r...
PURPOSE: The diversity of skin diseases in patients with malignancies leads to diagnostic difficulties and complicate cancer treatment. Furthermore, the increasing use of chemotherapy drugs and novel treatment regimens raises the risk of the development of various cutaneous side effects and the need for dermatologists during cancer management. We investigated the skin diseases in patients with malignancies and the cutaneous side effects of cancer treatments. METHODS: Medical records of cancer patients evaluated in the Dermatology clinic between July 2018 and April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: This study included 872 cancer patients, 374 females and 498 males. Acute myeloid leukaemia was the most common malignancy, followed by multiple myeloma and invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Graft versus host disease was observed in 89 (10.2%) patients after stem cell transplantation and radiodermatitis developed in 16 (1.8%) patients. Maculopapular drug eruption and hand foot syndrome were the most common cutaneous side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Capecitabine was the most common etiologic agent in hand foot syndrome. Cellulitis was the most frequent bacterial infection in cancer patients, whereas herpes zoster was the most frequent viral infection. Among the chemotherapy drugs that caused acneiform drug eruption, cetuximab and cytarabine were notable. Facial erythema was associated with cytarabine use in 27.3% of patients. CONCLUSION: Identifying the common skin diseases in cancer patients and cutaneous side effects due to chemotherapy drugs may help to take preventive measures, develop specific and effective treatments, determine the most appropriate cancer treatment options, and increase patients' compliance with cancer treatment.
Ocular toxicities of FDA-approved antibody drug conjugates.
Vetsa S, Zhang S, Kay W … +5 more , Kelkar N, Ghosh A, Alam S, Hoopes PC, Moshirfar M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39422141 · Publisher ↗
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging field of cancer treatments that are becoming more widespread in their use. However, there are potential ocular toxicities associated with these drugs that ophthalmologists...
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging field of cancer treatments that are becoming more widespread in their use. However, there are potential ocular toxicities associated with these drugs that ophthalmologists need to be aware of to better maintain ocular health as patients undergo rigorous medical treatment for their conditions. While many ADCs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), many subsequent reports have been published regarding additional ocular side effects these drugs may cause. This review provides ophthalmologists with a practical guide on how to treat ocular toxicities associated with all FDA-approved ADCs to date. The potential pathophysiology of side effects is also discussed.
Choroidal structural changes in inactive thyroid eye disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the choroidal vascularity index.
Ermiş S, Özal E, Savur F … +1 more , Karapapak M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39399902 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to compare choroidal vascular changes using the Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) between patients with inactive Thyroid Eye Disease (iTED) and healthy individuals, and to assess the re...
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to compare choroidal vascular changes using the Choroidal Vascularity Index (CVI) between patients with inactive Thyroid Eye Disease (iTED) and healthy individuals, and to assess the relationship between CVI and choroidal thickness (CT), smoking history, and clinical parameters. METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational study, the eyes of 30 patients aged 18 to 45 with iTED were compared with the randomly selected eyes of 35 age and gender-matched healthy control individuals. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were taken from all participants. The images were binarized using the ImageJ software, and the total choroidal area (TCA) and luminal area (LA) were measured. The ratio of the LA to the TCA was used to calculate the CVI. The relationships between these measurement parameters and clinical activity score (CAS), exophthalmometry, smoking status, and other clinical parameters were examined. RESULTS: In the iTED group, CT and CVI values were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.029). No significant effect of smoking on choroidal parameters was detected in the iTED group. Additionally, there was no statistical correlation between choroidal parameters and either exophthalmometry or CAS (p > 0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, it was determined that CT showed a significant relationship with thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that CT and CVI were increased in the eyes of patients with iTED compared to healthy controls. The history of smoking did not appear to have any effect on CT and CVI in iTED patients.
Evaluating the concentration dependent dual effects of on cancerous skin cells and mitochondria isolated from melanoma-induced animal model.
Arast Y, Esfandiari H, Kamranfar F … +3 more , Mousavi Z, Ameri Shah Reza M, Pourahmad J
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39392009 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Melanoma is still one of the deadliest cancers whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. Today, many polysaccharides and their bioactive compounds have been of special importance in modern biotechno...
INTRODUCTION: Melanoma is still one of the deadliest cancers whose prevalence has increased in recent decades. Today, many polysaccharides and their bioactive compounds have been of special importance in modern biotechnology. They have various biological and therapeutic properties. they can regulate and strengthen the immune system, lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and reduce bacterial and viral infections. According to studies, these compounds also have antitumor properties. we investigated the cytotoxic effects of obtained from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of edible medicinal mushroom on cancerous skin cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mitochondria were isolated from melanoma cells via differential centrifugation and treated with various concentrations (30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 240 µg/ml) of extract. Then, they were subjected to MTT, ROS, MMP decline, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release, and flow cytometry assays. RESULTS: The results of the MTT assay showed that IC50 of extract was 60 μg/ml, and it induced a selectively significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent decrease in the SDH activity in cancerous skin mitochondria. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. The ROS results also showed that 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml concentrations of extract significantly increased ROS. However, no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. MMP decline and the release of cytochrome c in cancer groups mitochondria and swelling were significantly increased at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml compared to the control group. At higher concentrations, no such effect was observed. extract at 60 µg/ml concentration increased apoptosis on melanoma cells, while it had no effect on control non-tumour cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Based on these results, extract at 30, 45, and 60 µg/ml showed a cytotoxic effect, while no such effect was observed at higher concentrations. Overall, it seems that has antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects on cancer cells at higher concentrations.
Evaluation of the early effects of the first-dose administration of the Sinovac vaccine on the retina, choroid, and optic disc using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography.
Yildiz Tasci Y, Icoz M, Gurturk Icoz SG … +3 more , Saritas O, Arikan Yorgun M, Toklu Y
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39383017 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To determine the effects of the first-dose administration of the Sinovac vaccine on the retina, choroid, and optic disc in healthy participants. METHODS: This prospective design study was conducted with 27 healthy h...
AIM: To determine the effects of the first-dose administration of the Sinovac vaccine on the retina, choroid, and optic disc in healthy participants. METHODS: This prospective design study was conducted with 27 healthy healthcare workers who received the first dose of Sinovac vaccine and 25 healthy controls who were not vaccinated. In the vaccinated group, ophthalmological examinations and measurements were performed before vaccination and one week and one month after vaccination. Subfoveal, nasal, and temporal choroidal thicknesses (CTs), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, and macular thickness (MT) were determined using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography at all visits. Superficial, deep, and peripapillary radial capillary plexus (superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus (DCP), and radial peripapillary capillary, respectively), choriocapillaris vascular density, and foveal avascular zone parameters were measured on optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A). RESULTS: No significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of the parameters measured by OCT and OCT-A ( > 0.05 for all). The CT values measured in all quadrants were significantly higher at the first week after vaccination ( < 0.05 for all), and they returned to their pre-vaccination values at the first month post-vaccination measurement ( > 0.05 for all). Concerning the RNFL and MT values, there was no significant difference between the pre-vaccination and post-vaccination first-week measurements ( > 0.05 for all), but a statistically significant increase was detected in the post-vaccination first-month MT and RNFL measurements ( < 0.05 for all). Only the decreases in the foveal DCP and choriocapillaris vascular density values were significant at the first week after vaccination ( < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The early changes detected after vaccination in this study suggest the possibility that autoimmune, vascular, and inflammatory diseases may simultaneously emerge in the early post-vaccination period or may be triggered after vaccination, or that the vaccine may unmask these diseases.
Corneal endothelial density and morphology in long-term soft contact lens users in Japan: a retrospective cross-sectional study of 17,732 eyes.
Ono T, Kaida T, Higashi S … +6 more , Mori Y, Nejima R, Iwasaki T, Kagaya F, Miyai T, Miyata K
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39352078 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: There is a lack of long-term and large-scale studies on the adverse effects of soft contact lenses (SCLs) on the corneal endothelia of Asian populations. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of long-term SCL us...
PURPOSE: There is a lack of long-term and large-scale studies on the adverse effects of soft contact lenses (SCLs) on the corneal endothelia of Asian populations. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of long-term SCL use on corneal endothelial density and morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved consecutive patients at the Miyata Eye Hospital (Miyazaki, Japan), who had used SCLs for more than 1 year. Patients with ophthalmological disorders without refractive errors were excluded. The period of SCL use, SCL type, corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), appearance rate of hexagonal cells (HEX), and coefficient of variation of cells (CV) were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 17,732 eyes of 8866 patients were included in the analysis (age, 26.0 ± 8.8 years). The mean period of SCL use was 6.3 ± 5.4 years. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that ECD and HEX were significantly negatively correlated with the period of SCL use, age, and sex ( < 0.001 for all). The CV was significantly positively correlated with the period of use ( < 0.001), sex ( = 0.002), and age ( < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Corneal ECD, HEX, and CV were significantly associated with the period of SCL use in long-term users. It is essential to regularly check the corneal endothelium in patients with a history of long-term SCL use.
Nicotine acute impact on RNFL: a comparative analysis of smoking cessation aids including nicotine gum and electronic cigarettes.
Alhazmi M, Alotaibi W
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39328177 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate the immediate impact of nicotine consumption on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy young individuals, comparing nicotine gum and electronic cigarette (vaping) as delivery method...
PURPOSE: To investigate the immediate impact of nicotine consumption on Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy young individuals, comparing nicotine gum and electronic cigarette (vaping) as delivery methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty participants underwent RNFL measurements at baseline, 30, and 60 minutes after consuming 4 mg of nicotine, based on product labeling and specifications. Measurements were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Topcon 3D OCT-1 Maestro System). Nicotine was delivered through either nicotine gum or vaping. RESULTS: Both nicotine gum and vaping led to a statistically significant increase in RNFL thickness, with no significant difference between the two methods. The analysis revealed that area, time, and visit factors significantly affected RNFL scores. Stratification by smoking type (tobacco, vaping, dual) demonstrated significant effects for area, time, and visit factors, with an interaction effect among these factors. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the acute impact of nicotine intake on RNFL thickness in young healthy smokers. Researchers and clinicians should account for recent nicotine exposure when evaluating RNFL thickness, particularly within the first hour post-smoking. The observed significant effects warrant further research, especially in older or health-compromised populations, to improve clinical protocols and diagnostic evaluations across different demographics.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of lacrimal gland botulinum toxin injection in functional versus non-functional epiphora.
Altin Ekin M
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39287173 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether botulinum toxin is effective and safe for the treatment of epiphora, and to compare its utility in functional versus non-functional epiphora using both qualitative and quantitative methods...
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether botulinum toxin is effective and safe for the treatment of epiphora, and to compare its utility in functional versus non-functional epiphora using both qualitative and quantitative methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups (functional and non-functional epiphora) according to the presence of lacrimal drainage obstruction. All patients were injected with 2.5 units of botulinum toxin into the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland, and improvement in epiphora and quality of life were assessed both objectively and subjectively using Schirmer's I test, indoor and outdoor Munk scores, TEARS score, watery eye quality of life score, and tear meniscus measurements at pre-injection, and 1, 3, and 6 months post-injection. Functional and non-functional epiphora groups were compared. RESULTS: Botulinum toxin was injected into 72 lacrimal glands of 65 patients with functional and non-functional epiphora. In both the functional and non-functional epiphora groups, the mean Schirmer's I test value, indoor and outdoor Munk scores, TEARS score, watery eye quality of life score, tear meniscus height, depth, and area values improved significantly at 1, 3, and 6 months after injection compared with pre-injection values ( < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in mean Schirmer's I test, tear meniscus height, depth, and area values between the functional and non-functional epiphora groups at 1, 3, and 6 months after botulinum toxin injection ( < 0.05). In the functional epiphora group, a greater proportion of patients reported improvement than in the non-functional group. All complications were minor and resolved within 2 weeks after the injection. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin injection into the lacrimal glands of patients with functional and non-functional epiphora was a simple, effective, and safe treatment. In addition to qualitative methods, quantitative methods, such as tear meniscus measurement, provided direct evidence that symptomatic improvement occurred more in those with functional versus non-functional epiphora after botulinum toxin injection.
A national analysis of systemic adverse events of beta-blockers used for glaucoma therapy.
Aftab OM, Khan H, Sangani R … +1 more , Khouri AS
Cutan Ocul Toxicol · 2024 Dec · PMID 39263973 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate systemic complications for timolol, carteolol, levobunolol, and/or betaxalol by using an FDA Federal Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS: We evaluated FAERS for adverse events associated...
PURPOSE: To evaluate systemic complications for timolol, carteolol, levobunolol, and/or betaxalol by using an FDA Federal Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS: We evaluated FAERS for adverse events associated with β-blocker use for glaucoma. All reported symptoms were reviewed to identify systemic adverse events and to detect safety signals, defined as information on a new or known side effect that may be caused by a medicine. We used the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), reporting odds ratio (ROR), empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM), and information component (IC) as a part of a disproportionality analysis comparing the frequency of β-blocker symptoms with all other adverse event reports. We considered a signal to be detected when all four disproportionality analysis metrics were positive. RESULTS: We found 10,500,309 total adverse event reports from the FAERS database 2004-2022Q3, which included 8,793 case reports with a primary suspect of a β-blocker use for glaucoma. 1,838 unique adverse symptoms were reported were associated with β-blocker. Regarding outcomes, there were 165 (1.88%) reports of disability, 671 (7.63%) reports of hospitalisation, and 1,934 (21.99%) reports of some other unspecified complication. Regarding adverse events, the most reported general, cardiac, and respiratory symptoms were respectively dizziness (n = 281), bradycardia (n = 145), and dyspnoea (n = 195). 256 (2.91%) cases of death were reported. We found significant signals on bradycardia (n = 145), complete atrioventricular block (n = 38), and bronchospasm (n = 23). No allergic, endocrine, constitutional, or gastrointestinal symptoms generated positive signals. CONCLUSION: β-blocker use in glaucoma therapy can be rarely associated with serious systemic and life-threatening complications.
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