The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The cardiovascular risk of doping and substance abuse in athletes.
Cavarretta E, Fossati C, Frati G … +3 more , Calò L, Casasco M, Pigozzi F
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Oct · PMID 41036588 · Publisher ↗
While doping has been present since the ancient era, the (mis)use of doping has grown exponentially over the recent years, reaching all different levels of sport activity, ranging from the professional young athlete to t...
While doping has been present since the ancient era, the (mis)use of doping has grown exponentially over the recent years, reaching all different levels of sport activity, ranging from the professional young athlete to the master athlete till the amateur leisure-time athlete, which represents an overall dramatic increase and a loss of fair competition. Not only doping is illegal, but it can cause significant adverse side effects, particularly on the cardiovascular (CV) system. These effects are among the most harmful, determining serious CV conditions and diseases and contributing to the increase of CV morbidity and mortality among users of performance-enhancing substances. It is important to note that different factors impact on the severity of the CV side effects, as the type of substance, the dose (usually higher than the therapeutic one) and duration of intake, as well as the epigenetic effect and interindividual variability. Aim of this review is to report the most updated scientific evidence of the adverse CV effects of doping and its potential as a non-traditional cardiovascular risk factor. In addition, we aim to spread the knowledge on the potential CV risk of doping in physicians, athletes, coaches and in the general population to increase awareness and promote fair competition in sports.
Competitive athletes with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy: sports eligibility according to the current Italian guidelines.
Cavigli L, Ragazzoni GL, Cecchi F … +4 more , Olivotto I, Pelliccia A, Sinagra G, D'Ascenzi F
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40990118 · Publisher ↗
The Italian Cardiological Guidelines (COCIS) for competitive sports eligibility aims to assist physicians in evaluating athletes with cardiovascular conditions. The primary objective is to balance the significant benefit...
The Italian Cardiological Guidelines (COCIS) for competitive sports eligibility aims to assist physicians in evaluating athletes with cardiovascular conditions. The primary objective is to balance the significant benefits of physical activity with the risks of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in competitive sports. Historically, the COCIS guidelines have adopted a cautious approach, influenced by Italy's regulatory framework, which mandates a medical certificate for participation in competitive sports. The 2023 COCIS guidelines introduce significant advancements that enhance the evaluation process. These revised guidelines place a strong emphasis on personalized risk stratification. This approach enables physicians in specialized centers to make eligibility decisions based on an athlete's individual risk profile. Consequently, athletes with a low-risk profile may now be eligible for all types of sports, marking a substantial shift from the 2017 guidelines, which restricted even low-risk patients to low-intensity sports. On the other hand, the 2023 COCIS guidelines further reinforced some traditional concepts of the athlete's cardiovascular evaluation that have been the basis for an appropriate interpretation of clinical findings and the reduction of SCD in competitive athletes. This review critically examines the 2023 COCIS guidelines, focusing on their advancements compared to the 2017 edition and exploring their alignment with international standards, including the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology recommendations.
Development and reliability of a framework to assess cognitive-motor function in sport.
Bertozzi F, Monfort SM, DI Giovanni E … +4 more , Brunetti C, Sforza C, Galli M, Tarabini M
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Sep · PMID 40990117 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Reduced cognitive ability may affect sports performance and increase injury risk. Current cognitive function screening tools in athletes include stationary procedures that may lack external validity, whole-bo...
BACKGROUND: Reduced cognitive ability may affect sports performance and increase injury risk. Current cognitive function screening tools in athletes include stationary procedures that may lack external validity, whole-body movements, and time constraints. We aimed to study the reliability and the between- and within-session variations of newly developed cognitive-motor tests. METHODS: Twelve physically active participants participated in two experimental sessions. In each session, they completed a test battery to assess sport-relevant cognitive-motor domains (reaction time, processing speed, divided attention, visual memory, peripheral vision) using a specific training system, including devices with a LED matrix and proximity sensor. Each test comprised three blocks of 25 trials or 4 blocks of 20 trials. Test-retest reliability was assessed using two-way mixed-effects intraclass correlation coefficient. Within- and between-session changes were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests. RESULTS: Reliability ranged from moderate to excellent (ICC: 0.51-0.94). Processing speed and divided attention scores significantly improved in the second session (Δ: 5.3-7.7%, P<0.017; Δ: 12.0-13.7%, P<0.001, respectively). No changes were detected within the same experimental day, except for divided attention that improved across session 1 (1 vs. 3 block: Δ=5%, P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Given the results, some tests can be discarded, or the number of trials reduced due to lower reliability and long duration, resulting in a test battery that is overall shorter but reliable and accurate. Further research is warranted to evaluate the predictive ability of this protocol for injury risk identification in different sport-relevant populations.
Association between muscle oxygenation dynamics and cardiac workload and ventilation during exercise.
Nemoto S, Nakabo T, Yoshikawa A … +4 more , Tashiro N, Kuroyama Y, Nakamura D, Geshi E
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40938220 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Although high muscle oxygenation dynamics in active muscles are expected to decrease cardiac workload and ventilation associated with carbon dioxide excretion at an exercise at equivalent peak oxygen uptake (...
BACKGROUND: Although high muscle oxygenation dynamics in active muscles are expected to decrease cardiac workload and ventilation associated with carbon dioxide excretion at an exercise at equivalent peak oxygen uptake (VO<inf>2</inf>) loads in the whole body, these relationships remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high muscle oxygenation dynamics contribute to reduced cardiac workload and ventilation during exercise. METHODS: Twenty-three healthy young males were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and divided into two groups: the low muscle oxygenation dynamics group (N.=11) and the high muscle oxygenation dynamics group (N.=12), based on the change in muscle oxygen saturation (SmO<inf>2</inf>) in the right vastus lateralis from rest to peak VO<inf>2</inf>. All participants underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess the double product, cardiac workload, carbon dioxide production (VCO<inf>2</inf>), and expiratory minute volume as ventilation parameters associated with carbon dioxide excretion. RESULTS: Linear mixed-effect models with double product, VCO<inf>2</inf>/body mass or expiratory minute volume/body mass as the dependent variable, individual as random effects, and the group and metabolic equivalents (METs) as fixed effects revealed significant interactions between the group and METs (all P<0.001). Multiple comparison results demonstrated that the double product, VCO<inf>2</inf>/body mass at 5-8 METs, and expiratory minute volume/body mass at 6-8 METs were significantly lower in the group with high muscle oxygenation dynamics than in the group with low muscle oxygenation dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: High muscle oxygenation dynamics contribute to reduced cardiac workload and ventilation associated with carbon dioxide excretion during exercise.
Wearable technology in rehabilitation: assessing the impact of the Apple watch on physical activity and cardiovascular health: a scoping review.
Tedeschi R, Giorgi F, Ricci V … +2 more , Vita F, Donati D
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40938219 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The Apple Watch is increasingly used in rehabilitation to monitor physical activity, cardiovascular health, and other physiological parameters. This review evaluates its effectiveness and accuracy in variou...
INTRODUCTION: The Apple Watch is increasingly used in rehabilitation to monitor physical activity, cardiovascular health, and other physiological parameters. This review evaluates its effectiveness and accuracy in various rehabilitation settings, examining its potential to enhance patient adherence and clinical outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive search was conducted across databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, PEDro, and Web of Science, alongside grey literature. Studies were included based on the PCC criteria (Population, Concept, Context), focusing on the use of the Apple Watch in rehabilitation programs. Bias risk was assessed using RoB 2 for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Five studies were reviewed. The Apple Watch showed potential in improving physical activity levels and functional outcomes, particularly when combined with behavioral interventions. It demonstrated effectiveness in detecting atrial fibrillation in large-scale screening but presented variability in heart rate and energy expenditure accuracy, especially during high-intensity activities. The studies highlighted that integrating cognitive support with the device enhances adherence and health outcomes. However, limitations in measurement accuracy and the need for hybrid monitoring approaches were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The Apple Watch is a valuable tool in rehabilitation when used alongside behavioral support and validated clinical methods. Its effectiveness is enhanced when integrated into a multidisciplinary approach, but its limitations in accuracy necessitate further calibration and hybrid use with traditional tools. Future research should focus on long-term impacts and algorithm improvements to optimize its clinical utility in diverse rehabilitation contexts.
Does a polar chest strap pair with an Apple Watch more accurately than an Apple Watch alone on low, moderate, and high exercise intensities? A cross-sectional study.
Khushhal AA
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40938218 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: The Apple Watch measures heart rate, but its validity decreases with high exercise intensities, so this study investigated whether pairing the Apple Watch with a polar chest strap could be more accurate than...
BACKGROUND: The Apple Watch measures heart rate, but its validity decreases with high exercise intensities, so this study investigated whether pairing the Apple Watch with a polar chest strap could be more accurate than the Apple Watch alone in measuring heart rate during high intensity exercises and in recovery from exercises. METHODS: A cross-sectional study measured heart rate on the Apple Watch compared to the Apple Watch paired with the Polar chest strap on 30 healthy subjects. Each participant has done three minutes of low, moderate, and high exercise intensities using both the treadmill and cycle for 9 minutes each, followed by 3 minutes of recovery after each treadmill and cycle. RESULTS: There were excellent correlations between the Apple Watch and Polar chest strap during low (r=0.99 Treadmill, r=0.99 cycle), moderate (r=0.99 treadmill, r=0.99 cycle), and high (r=0.96 treadmill, r=0.99 cycle), exercise intensities and in recovery from Treadmill and Cycle (r=0.97 treadmill, r=0.98 cycle). There were excellent correlations between the combined Apple Watch with Polar chest strap and the Apple Watch alone during low (r=1.00 treadmill, r=0.99 cycle), moderate (r=0.99 treadmill, r=0.99 cycle), and high (r=0.99 treadmill, r=0.99 cycle) exercise intensities and in recovery from Treadmill and Cycle (r=1.00 treadmill, r=0.99 cycle). CONCLUSIONS: The Apple Watch is valid for measuring heart rate during low to moderate exercise intensity, and its validity can be increased at high exercise intensities or after recovery from exercise by adding it to the Polar chest strap and holding hands on the handrail while performing exercises.
The effects of deep heat application during aerobic sporting performance.
Balasekaran G, Azmi NA, Koh SY … +1 more , Ng YC
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40938217 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: To investigate the effectiveness of the application of deep heat cream (DH) on the skin prior to aerobic exercise. METHODS: A total of 15 healthy male participants (age: 24.40±2.26 years, height: 1.70±0.08 m,...
BACKGROUND: To investigate the effectiveness of the application of deep heat cream (DH) on the skin prior to aerobic exercise. METHODS: A total of 15 healthy male participants (age: 24.40±2.26 years, height: 1.70±0.08 m, weight: 64.73±8.66 kg, Body Mass Index: 22.28±1.94 kg/m, maximal oxygen consumption [VO<inf>2max</inf>]: 30.11±6.41 mL/kg/min) volunteered for this study. Participants were required to attend three sessions 1) cycling VO<inf>2max</inf> test conducted to determine their 80% VO<inf>2max</inf>; 2, 3) cycling at 80% of VO<inf>2peak</inf> workload till exhaustion with either treatment application of DH or placebo cream (PC) on lower extremities of body. Time-to-exhaustion (TTE), heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded throughout the study. RESULTS: Results indicated significant differences between treatments for TTE (DH: 487.00±143.68 s vs. PC: 403.80±123.66 s, P=0.02); average RPE (DH: 15.82±1.82 vs. PC: 14.31±1.39, P=0.01). There were positive significant correlations between treatments for average HR (DH: 163.76±13.55 beats·min vs. PC: 158.42±31.76 beats·min, r=0.58, P=0.02); last stage HR (DH: 176.87±15.29 beats·min vs. PC: 174.93±16.67 beats·min, r=0.80, P=0.00). CONCLUSIONS: Deep heat application before exercise has shown to significantly improve endurance performance. Athletes or sports enthusiasts may consider using deep heat before exercise to achieve optimal endurance performance. More studies are needed to explore the benefits of deep heat application during exercise performance.
Sport and alcohol consumption: early identification and management prevention.
Testino G, Balbinot P
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40932282 · Publisher ↗
Alcohol consumption represents the leading cause of death and disability under the age of 24. Among the most frequent physical problems there is certainly musculoskeletal damage. This creates problems in carrying out phy...
Alcohol consumption represents the leading cause of death and disability under the age of 24. Among the most frequent physical problems there is certainly musculoskeletal damage. This creates problems in carrying out physical activity and sports. The aim of this narrative review is to assess the size of the problem of alcohol consumption and sport, the motivations and possible solutions. This narrative review is based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature published before June 30, 2024 (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). In sporting contexts there is a higher consumption of alcoholic beverages than in the general population. Alcohol is used during moments of socialization or during the celebration of some event or anniversary. Through sponsorship, alcohol is associated with success, beauty and even health. Alcohol consumption is not compatible with sporting activities. It reduces its positive effects and limits its quality. Moreover, alcohol induces muscle, bone and brain damage. Sports clubs have a duty to address the alcohol problem. It is mandatory, on the one hand, early identification of athletes who have risky alcohol consumption and on the other, promoting education initiatives on correct lifestyles with the involvement of the community to which they belong. It is also appropriate promote with force laws that prohibit the association of alcohol consumption to sport.
Correction to: Incidence of injuries and associated risk factors in a sample of Italian recreational padel players.
Thomas E, Giustino V, Ferrisi E … +4 more , Patti A, Cassarino M, Drid P, Bianco A
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40916510 · Publisher ↗
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Ischemic heart disease.
Marchetti D, Conte E, Porto I … +2 more , Zeppilli P, Andreini D
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Aug · PMID 40916509 · Publisher ↗
The new section on ischemic heart disease (IHD) among the Italian Sports Cardiology Guidelines (COCIS) provides updated recommendations for the evaluation, management and eligibility of athletes with known or suspected I...
The new section on ischemic heart disease (IHD) among the Italian Sports Cardiology Guidelines (COCIS) provides updated recommendations for the evaluation, management and eligibility of athletes with known or suspected IHD. Emphasizing a risk-stratified approach, the guidelines integrate clinical, functional, and imaging assessments to determine the safety of competitive sports participation. Key updates include considerations for athletes with asymptomatic or subclinical disease. This paper discusses COCIS criteria for risk evaluation in three clinical settings: suspected or stable coronary artery disease (CAD), after revascularization, post-myocardial infarction.
Metabolic responses to energetic stimuli in female athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives during a high training load period.
Bagot S, Pereira B, Fournier E … +9 more , Gryson C, Chanséaume Bussière E, Dutheil F, DE Saint Vincent S, Miles-Chan JL, Hackney AC, Thivel D, Duclos M, Isacco L
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40910936 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Despite growing interest in women's physiology in exercise sciences, the understanding of female athletes' energy metabolism remains limited. This study aimed to analyze substrate oxidation in response to ene...
BACKGROUND: Despite growing interest in women's physiology in exercise sciences, the understanding of female athletes' energy metabolism remains limited. This study aimed to analyze substrate oxidation in response to energetic stimuli in female athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives, and to determine the influence of the estradiol-to-progesterone ratio fluctuations on energy metabolism. METHODS: Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates (resting, low-intensity walking exercise (4 km/h), and postprandial conditions; indirect calorimetry) were assessed among 32 athletes (23±3 years) during a high-training load period, in athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives (nine and 23, respectively). Athletes not using hormonal contraceptives were tested during high and low estradiol-to-progesterone (salivary samples) ratio conditions. RESULTS: No significant differences in energy metabolism at rest, whether fasting or postprandial, were observed between groups. During low-intensity exercise, a significantly higher net energy cost was observed in athletes using hormonal contraceptives (vs. high [P=0.01] and low [P=0.02] estradiol-to-progesterone ratio conditions). Higher carbohydrate (P=0.001) and lower lipid (P=0.005) oxidation rates were observed in the low estradiol-to-progesterone ratio condition compared with the high one in women not using hormonal contraceptives. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, endogenous and exogenous ovarian hormones may influence energy metabolism during low-intensity exercise in female athletes under high-training loads.
Myocarditis and pericarditis exercise recommendations: a critical review of 2023 COCIS recommendations.
Imazio M
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Oct · PMID 40910935 · Publisher ↗
The 2023 COCIS recommendations have provided an update on current indications for the prescription of physical exercise and eligibility for competitive sports after myocarditis and/or pericarditis. This critical review p...
The 2023 COCIS recommendations have provided an update on current indications for the prescription of physical exercise and eligibility for competitive sports after myocarditis and/or pericarditis. This critical review presents the COCIS recommendations together with other main recommendations from European and American position papers and guidelines on the topic, comparing the different statements. The paper also provides a critical review of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the 2023 COCIS recommendations.
Validity of exercise intensity setting using blood lactate levels.
Kobayashi M, Yamamura N, Mukaimoto T … +2 more , Yanagita S, Suzuki T
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40910934 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Exercise intensity is commonly determined using maximal heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake. However, blood lactate levels at different exercise intensities are considered more sensitive biomarkers of endura...
BACKGROUND: Exercise intensity is commonly determined using maximal heart rate and maximal oxygen uptake. However, blood lactate levels at different exercise intensities are considered more sensitive biomarkers of endurance performance than maximal oxygen uptake. This study evaluated the validity of exercise intensity determined by blood lactate levels during running and determine the dynamics of blood glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate levels during high- and low-intensity running exercise. METHODS: Exercise intensities for 12 participants were determined using the lactate curve test. Each participant performed four running tests: low-intensity 30-min, high-intensity 30-min, and low-intensity 60-min running, and no-running (control) tests, with intervals of 1 day to 2 weeks. Blood glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate levels were measured using fingertip puncture blood sampling before and every 30 min (up to 240 min) after the start of running. RESULTS: Blood glucose levels increased significantly immediately after high-intensity 30-min running test compared to the 0-time point. Blood glucose levels decreased to similar levels as that in the 0-min time point 30 min after the 30-min running test. β-hydroxybutyrate levels increased significantly every 30 min after the 150-min time point compared to the levels in the 0-min time point in the high-intensity 30-min and low-intensity 60-min running tests. CONCLUSIONS: Using blood lactate measurements obtained from a simple device, we established high-intensity exercise conditions producing transient post-exercise blood glucose increases. Changes in glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate levels reflected energy metabolism shifts across exercise conditions. Further investigation of additional metabolic indicators will help clarify energy metabolism mechanisms at varying exercise intensities.
Effects of 6-week flywheel resistance training on tennis serve velocity and accuracy.
Sandoval I, Colomar J, Corbi F … +1 more , Baiget E
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40910933 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the impact of a 6-week joint-specific flywheel-based resistance training program on serve velocity (SV) and serve accuracy (SA) in junior tennis players. METHODS: Fourteen participants wer...
BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the impact of a 6-week joint-specific flywheel-based resistance training program on serve velocity (SV) and serve accuracy (SA) in junior tennis players. METHODS: Fourteen participants were assigned to either an experimental group (FG; N.=7) training with an inertial conical pulley or a control group (CG; N.=7). SV, SA, one-handed and two-handed overhead medicine ball throws (MBT) were measured preintervention, at 3 weeks, and at 6 weeks. RESULTS: A large main effect of time (F=5.371, P=0.012, η=0.309) and nonsignificant group- by-time interaction (F=2.102, P=0.144, η=0.149) was found in SV. The FG demonstrated significant increases in SV from pretest to intertest (7.1 km·h-1, 4.5%, P=0.023, ES=1.5) and from pretest to posttest (7.3 km·h, 4.7%, P=0.035, ES=1.5). No changes in SV were observed in the CG. SA and MBT did not show significant changes over time in FG or CG. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that incorporating flywheel-based joint-specific exercises into training programs positively affects SV without SA impairments in junior tennis players within a relatively short timeframe. Coaches can integrate similar layouts into training to optimize player performance.
Definition of running-related injury in recreational runners: achieving consensus among runners using the e-Delphi Method.
Colomb JB, Abi Jaoude L, Raad E … +1 more , VAN Cant J
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40910932 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Definitions of running-related injuries (RRI) in the literature are often determined by experts rather than by runners themselves. Incorporating the perspective of runners can provide valuable insights, parti...
BACKGROUND: Definitions of running-related injuries (RRI) in the literature are often determined by experts rather than by runners themselves. Incorporating the perspective of runners can provide valuable insights, particularly in the context of self-reported injury surveillance. This study aimed to develop a consensus definition of RRI by integrating the perspectives of recreational runners, acknowledging them as experts in their own injury experiences. METHODS: An e-Delphi method was employed to gather and refine the opinions of recreational runners. In the first two rounds, participants selected and rated terms relevant to the definition off RRI. The third and final round focused on achieving consensus by asking participants to rate their level of agreement with a definition developed by the authors based on their own responses in the previous two rounds. Consensus was defined as ≥75% agreement. RESULTS: Out of 163 respondents, 91 (55.8%) completed the first questionnaire and were included in the study. Of these, 67 (73.6%) completed the second questionnaire and 60 (65.9%) participated in the final validation round. A consensual definition was reached with 90% agreement: "Running-related pain, of musculotendinous and/or osteoarticular origin, localized to the lower limbs or pelvis and resulting in restriction (in speed, volume, time, distance) or cessation of running (training, competition) lasting at least 5 days or three sessions." CONCLUSIONS: This consensual definition of RRI, developed from the perspectives of recreational runners, specifically addresses a gap in the literature regarding their experiential understanding of injury. It may be appropriate for self-report contexts in this population, offering a practical framework for future research and for surveillance of self-reported running-related injuries.
Effects of high-intensity low-volume vs. low-intensity high-volume plyometric jump training on athletic performance in taekwondo athletes: randomized trial.
Park CH, Kim MS, Ryu JK … +2 more , Kim GT, Jung HC
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40910931 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the effects of high-intensity low-volume (HILV) versus low-intensity high-volume (LIHV) plyometric jump training on athletic performance in Taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Seventeen...
BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the effects of high-intensity low-volume (HILV) versus low-intensity high-volume (LIHV) plyometric jump training on athletic performance in Taekwondo athletes. METHODS: Seventeen Taekwondo athletes (age: 19.35±1.31 yrs, height: 165.34±6.70 cm, weight: 60.17±8.31 kg, BMI: 21.92±1.81 kg·m) were randomly assigned to either a HILV group (N.=8) or a LIHV group (N.=9). Participants completed plyometric jump training twice a week for 6 weeks, a total of 12 sessions. The training intensity and volume were set based on the Intensity Factor (IF) calculated from the ground reaction force, and the number of ground contacts, respectively. Athletic performance tests included countermovement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), agility t-test, and 1RM leg press. The reactive strength index (RSI) was calculated from the height and the ground contact time of the DJ using a force plate. RESULTS: The results showed significant interaction effects for CMJ (P=0.038) and DJ (P=0.020). In the HILV group, both CMJ (P<0.001) and DJ (P=0.017) increased significantly. The LIHV group also demonstrated significant improvement in CMJ (P<0.001), while no significant changes were observed in DJ (P=0.072). For RSI (P=0.134), the t-test (P=0.443), and 1RM leg press (P=0.746), no interaction effects were observed, with only main effects over time being noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that six weeks of plyometric jump training improved jump ability, RSI, agility, and strength in Taekwondo athletes. HILV training was more effective than LIHV training in enhancing jump ability, highlighting the greater importance of intensity over volume in jump performance improvement.
Influence of aerobic fitness status on the power output decrement during repeated sprint running in females.
Tsampoukos A, Nevill ME, Stokes K … +2 more , Morris JG, Bogdanis GC
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40910930 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study examined the influence of two aerobic fitness indices (VO<inf>2</inf>max and [%4mM] i.e. the relative intensity [%VO<inf>2</inf>max] corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L) on t...
BACKGROUND: This study examined the influence of two aerobic fitness indices (VO<inf>2</inf>max and [%4mM] i.e. the relative intensity [%VO<inf>2</inf>max] corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol·L) on the recovery of power output during repeated sprinting. METHODS: Thirty female team players (age: 21.9 [2.9] y, body mass: 61.7 [5.4] kg, mean [standard deviation, SD]) took part in the study. VO<inf>2</inf>max and %4mM were assessed, and participants were divided into two groups in a cross-sectional design [well-trained (N.=15) or moderately trained (N.=15)] according to either VO<inf>2</inf>max (53.6 [3.4] vs. 47.6 [2.4] mL∙kg∙min, P<0.001) or %4mM (86.7 [3.8] vs. 77.9 [4.1] %, P<0.001). Participants performed two 30 s sprints interspersed with 2 min of rest on a non-motorized treadmill. Blood samples were taken at rest, pre- and immediately post-sprinting for lactate, pH, ammonia, and plasma volume determination. RESULTS: When groups were separated according to %4mM, well-trained participants demonstrated superior recovery of peak and mean power output (PPO: 86.2 [10.3] vs. 74.5 [6.8] %, P<0.001; MPO<inf>30</inf>: 84.0 [7.8], vs. 77.1 [5.2] %, P<0.001), respectively]. When groups were separated according to VO<inf>2</inf>max, there were no differences in the recovery of PPO (82.8 [10.1] vs. 77.7 [10.5] %, P=0.188) and MPO<inf>30</inf>: (82.6 [6.5] vs. 78.9 [8.1] %, P=0.186). Blood metabolic responses were similar in all conditions (P=0.220-0.604). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that %4mM is the most important aerobic fitness index for power output recovery during repeated sprint running.
Initial and evolutionary profile of adverse responders to an intensive weight loss intervention: the RESOLVE Study.
Bailly M, Isacco L, Dutheil F … +14 more , Courteix D, Lesourd B, Chapier R, Obert P, Walther G, Bagheri R, Vinet A, Metz L, Verney J, Ennequin G, Drapeau V, Pereira B, Thivel D, Tremblay A
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Nov · PMID 40910929 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: There is a need to better identify adverse responders to weight-loss interventions. The aim of this study was to: 1) identify potential predictive factors of adverse responders to weight loss; and 2) follow t...
BACKGROUND: There is a need to better identify adverse responders to weight-loss interventions. The aim of this study was to: 1) identify potential predictive factors of adverse responders to weight loss; and 2) follow their long-term evolution. METHODS: One-hundred participants (56 females) with overweight (59.5±4.9 years) followed a 3-week intervention combining physical activity and diet followed by one-year monitoring, and were divided into three subgroups: 1) group A (N.=13) - "regainers" (weight regain during follow-up >100% of initial loss); 2) group B (N.=25) - "moderate regainers" (weight regain: 0-100%); and 3) group C (N.=46) - "weight relosers" (weight regain <0%). Body composition, food consumption, inflammatory and metabolic markers were assessed during the intervention and follow-up. RESULTS: Baseline energy intake was lower in group A(1518±361kcal/day) vs. group B (1929±451kcal/day) (P=0.013) and C(1882±572kcal/day) (P=0.024). Group A initially presented a healthier metabolic profile and the total score of compliance (diet + physical activity) was lower in group A during follow-up (group A:38.3% vs. B:49.2%(P=0.007) and C:72.1% (P<0.001). Ghrelin levels tend to decrease and peptide YY (PYY) to increase during follow-up in groups B and C while blunted responses were obtained in A. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse responders might be characterized by a less unhealthy metabolic profile at baseline but also by less favorable changes in their satiety-regulating hormones during the one-year follow-up.
A qualitative study of talent identification and selection in youth soccer: talent scouts' perceptions.
Steenbok W, Morris-Eyton H, Kubayi A
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40879156 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study explored the perceptions of talent scouts regarding the attributes they consider essential when identifying talented youth soccer players. METHODS: This qualitative study used a pragmatic research...
BACKGROUND: This study explored the perceptions of talent scouts regarding the attributes they consider essential when identifying talented youth soccer players. METHODS: This qualitative study used a pragmatic research paradigm. The sample comprised nine scouts (mean age: 50.12±9.33 years) who were interviewed. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four main themes and 11 sub-themes emerged from the interview transcripts: 1) technical attributes (i.e., first touch, dribbling, passing and finishing); 2) physical attributes (i.e., height, speed and endurance); 3) psychosocial attributes (i.e., discipline and coachability); and 4) tactical attributes (decision-making and game sense and awareness). CONCLUSIONS: These results could help soccer coaches determine what qualities prospective talented players should have to improve their chances of getting selected for future opportunities, and thereby direct training for talent development initiatives.
Adductor longus tenotomy in a population of football players affected by adductor-related groin pain syndrome.
Bisciotti A, Bisciotti GN, DI Marzo F … +5 more , Auci A, Eirale C, Carimati G, Quaglia A, Volpi P
J Sports Med Phys Fitness · 2025 Dec · PMID 40879155 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Adductor-related groin pain syndrome (ARGPS) is a common overuse injury encountered in sports requiring quick accelerations and decelerations, changes of direction and kicking. If conservative treatment fails...
BACKGROUND: Adductor-related groin pain syndrome (ARGPS) is a common overuse injury encountered in sports requiring quick accelerations and decelerations, changes of direction and kicking. If conservative treatment fails, ARGPS can be surgically treated with adductor longus tenotomy (ALT). Four types of ALT are described in literature: two are different types of partial tenotomy (PT1 and PT2) and two are two different types of total tenotomy (TT1 and TT2). The aim of this study was to compare these four different types of ALT in athletic populations affected by ARGPS. METHODS: In this retrospective study (level of evidence IV), four study groups of soccer players at different athletic levels were considered. G1 grouped 12 male patients subjected to partial ALT (PT1), G2 included 13 male patients subjected to partial ALT with a surgical technique (PT2) different to that employed in G1, G3 grouped 10 male patients subjected to total ALT (TT1) and G4 included 10 male patients subjected to total ALT with a different surgical technique (TT2) to G3. RESULTS: The percentage of subjects who resumed sporting activities and the return to play (RTP) times were respectively 83% and 7.5±3.8 months, 100% and 4.0±0.4 months, 100% and 3.1±0.5 months, 100% and 2.4±0.4 months for the study groups G1, G2, G3 and G4. The percentage of subjects that returned to sport was significantly lower (P<0.05) in G1 while the time for RTP was significantly lower (P<0.05) in G4. CONCLUSIONS: Of all the surgical techniques employed in ALT, the TT2 surgical technique entails a lower complication rate and allows for the quickest RTP in athletic populations.
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