Current Cardiology Reviews[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Piperine Protects Against Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats: A Biochemical and Electrocardiography Study.
Khuntia G, Dash JR
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41830167 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Arsenic trioxide is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent that counteracts acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the use of arsenic trioxide for managing acute promyelocytic leukemia has been associate...
INTRODUCTION: Arsenic trioxide is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent that counteracts acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the use of arsenic trioxide for managing acute promyelocytic leukemia has been associated with severe cardiotoxic effects. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of piperine in arsenic trioxide-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. METHODS: Cardiotoxicity was induced by administration of arsenic trioxide at 4 mg/kg body weight (bwt) orally for 30 days. The cardioprotective effect of piperine at 20 mg/kg orally was studied by cardiac biomarkers, oxidative parameters, and an electrocardiography study. RESULTS: Administration of arsenic trioxide at 4 mg/kg bwt orally for 30 days caused significant cardiovascular injury, confirmed by elevated cardiac enzymes CK-MB and LDH levels. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were notable in the arsenic trioxide-treated group, such as prolonged QT and QTc intervals and reduced heart rate. There was significant myocardial oxidative impairment (TBARS increased, SOD and Catalase decreased) and inflammation (IL-6 increased). DISCUSSION: When piperine at 20 mg/kg was used, it decreased the CK-MB and LDH levels, reduced the prolonged QT and QTc intervals, and improved oxidative damage and inflammation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that piperine at 20 mg/kg orally was protective in arsenic trioxide-induced cardiotoxicity in an experimental rat model. This study is the first to combine serum biomarkers and ECG analysis to demonstrate piperine's cardioprotective role. It may have clinical relevance in exploring the potential of piperine to reduce arsenic trioxide-induced cardiotoxicity.
Advancing Gene Therapies and Novel Treatment Strategies for Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies: A Comprehensive Review of Targeted Interventions.
Shafiei S, Narimani Javid R, Haratian N … +13 more , Moayedi Z, Aghakouchakzadeh M, Najafinezhad F, Azadnik S, Hoseini SM, Nozhat S, Laripour R, Ettehadi R, Zareei M, Ghanbari F, Ghassab MT, Ansarifahlyani G, Arzhangzade A
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41830166 · Publisher ↗
Recent progress in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of infiltrative Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) has created exciting opportunities for targeted therapies. These conditions, which include cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis,...
Recent progress in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of infiltrative Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) has created exciting opportunities for targeted therapies. These conditions, which include cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Danon disease, Fabry disease, Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), and cardiac oxalosis, significantly impair cardiac function through complex pathogenic mechanisms. In cardiac amyloidosis, the accumulation of misfolded proteins into fibrillary amyloids disrupts myocardial structure, leading to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. New treatments such as Antisense Oligonucleotides [ASOs], small interfering RNA [siRNA], and monoclonal antibodies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical settings for managing amyloid deposition. Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, also have significant potential to deliver lasting therapeutic benefits by precisely correcting pathogenic mutations. Furthermore, managing Fabry disease with Enzyme Replacement Therapies [ERT] and chaperone molecules has improved cardiac outcomes; however, challenges remain in advanced stages due to ongoing myocardial involvement. Immunomodulatory strategies and innovative antibody-based therapies targeting pathological protein aggregates represent groundbreaking approaches that have shown efficacy in preclinical and earlyphase clinical trials. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including the efficiency of drug delivery, possible off-target effects, and inconsistent clinical responses among different patient groups. Future research should focus on improving these therapies to increase their specificity and safety, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life in infiltrative cardiomyopathies.
Artificial Intelligence: A Game Changer in the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Chronic Heart Failure.
Epelde F
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41830165 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a major global health burden. This review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving its diagnosis, treatment, and management. METHODS: This s...
INTRODUCTION: Chronic heart failure (CHF) represents a major global health burden. This review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in improving its diagnosis, treatment, and management. METHODS: This study conducted a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current and emerging applications of AI in CHF. Databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore, were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, focusing on AIbased diagnostic tools, predictive modeling, treatment personalization, and remote monitoring systems. RESULTS: Significant advancements were identified in AI-enhanced diagnostics, predictive models for hospital readmissions, personalized treatment optimization, and AI-driven remote monitoring systems. These technologies have demonstrated improvements in diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and real-time patient management. DISCUSSION: AI offers substantial benefits for CHF management by enabling data-driven, individualized care. Nonetheless, challenges remain, including variability in data quality, lack of algorithm transparency, and ethical considerations regarding patient privacy and accountability. CONCLUSION: AI holds transformative potential for CHF management. Its successful integration can enhance diagnostic precision, personalize treatment, and support proactive patient care- ultimately improving outcomes and reducing the global burden of CHF.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Zero-Fluoroscopy and Standard Transcatheter VSD Closure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alkatiri ZA, Mumtaz MDE, Hakim MH … +4 more , Faiq RI, Mulyana RI, Ramadhan MB, Prakoso R
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41830082 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: The Zero-Fluoroscopy (ZF) approach has emerged as an alternative technique for transcatheter ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure, eliminating radiation exposure by relying solely on echocardiographic gu...
INTRODUCTION: The Zero-Fluoroscopy (ZF) approach has emerged as an alternative technique for transcatheter ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure, eliminating radiation exposure by relying solely on echocardiographic guidance. This method is particularly beneficial for pediatric patients. However, its efficacy and safety compared to the standard fluoroscopy-guided approach remain uncertain. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Data were retrieved from four databases. Studies reporting procedural success, complications, or procedural outcomes were included. Meta-analysis was performed using RStudio with a 95% CI, and subgroup comparisons were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 62 studies, including 5,020 patients (mean age 11.11 years), were analyzed. Nine studies utilized the ZF approach. The success rate was 95.5% (91.7-98.3%) for the ZF group and 98.0% (97.1-98.8%) for the fluoroscopy group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.08), indicating non-inferiority. The early residual shunt rate was significantly lower in the ZF group (5.5%, 0.1-15.8%) compared to the fluoroscopy group (20.8%, 15.7- 26.4%) (p < 0.05). Other complications, including new-onset conduction block (p = 0.12) and new-onset valvular regurgitation (p = 0.29), showed no significant differences. DISCUSSION: ZF closure shows similar success and safety to the standard approach, with the added benefit of reduced residual shunt and radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS: ZF is a safe, effective alternative to fluoroscopy-guided VSD closure, particularly suited for reducing radiation risks in pediatric and vulnerable patients.
Real-World Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Drug-Induced Decreased Cardiac Ejection Function: Evidence from the FAERS Database (2004-2024).
Wang Z, Chen S, He G … +2 more , Tang N, Liu Z
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41830081 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Decreased Cardiac Ejection Function (DCEF) is a critical manifestation of cardiotoxicity and has been increasingly recognized as a potential adverse effect of pharmacotherapy, particularly with antineoplast...
INTRODUCTION: Decreased Cardiac Ejection Function (DCEF) is a critical manifestation of cardiotoxicity and has been increasingly recognized as a potential adverse effect of pharmacotherapy, particularly with antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents. This study conducted a comprehensive pharmacovigilance assessment of drug-induced DCEF using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), focusing on high-risk drug identification, onset timing, and pharmacological classification. METHODS: FAERS reports from 2004 to 2024 were standardized using MedDRA and RxNorm. Disproportionality analysis with Reporting Odds Ratios (ROR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) was used to detect drug-event associations. Time-to-Onset (TTO) analysis was performed for five clinically relevant agents, doxorubicin, docetaxel, rituximab, dabrafenib, and bevacizumab, selected based on frequency, signal strength, and clinical importance. Weibull modeling was used to characterize temporal risk patterns. RESULTS: A total of 86 drugs were significantly associated with DCEF. Frequently reported agents included trastuzumab (1,183 cases) and doxorubicin (465 cases). Notably, 50 drugs (e.g., clozapine, rofecoxib, docetaxel) were not previously labeled for DCEF, representing novel safety signals. Time-to-onset analysis showed that all five evaluated agents followed an "earlyfailure" pattern (β < 1), meaning the risk of DCEF was highest shortly after treatment initiation and declined thereafter. Median TTO ranged from 42 days for rituximab (β = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41-0.63) to 140 days for doxorubicin (β = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.68-0.97; α = 277.8, 95% CI: 187.6-367.9), suggesting variable latency between drugs. Demographically, patients aged 65-85 years (22.9% of known cases) and those with body weight 70-89 kg (10.2%) were most frequently affected. CONCLUSION: This large-scale real-world analysis identifies both established and novel DCEF risk signals, highlights heterogeneity in onset timing, and emphasizes the predominance of antineoplastic agents. Clinically, these findings suggest the need for periodic echocardiographic monitoring of left ventricular ejection fraction, particularly in patients receiving high-risk drugs such as mitoxantrone, trastuzumab, doxorubicin, and pertuzumab. Early-phase monitoring is crucial for "early-failure" agents, while extended follow-up is warranted for drugs with delayed toxicity, such as doxorubicin. These results provide actionable evidence to support individualized risk management and regulatory label updates.</p>.
The Efficacy of Sacubitril/Valsartan (ARNI) in Decreasing Mortality Among Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Hashim HT, Al-Ghuraibawi MA, Hafeez MH … +10 more , Khalaf AKS, Alhatemi AQM, Karmani VK, Hassan W, Chaudhary K, Alsaffar MF, Al-Obaidi AD, Lateef ZA, Al-Anssari ZI, Al-Ghuri I
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41820314 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, frequently resulting in hospitalizations and diminished quality of life. Sacubitril/ Valsartan, the first angiotensin r...
INTRODUCTION: Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, frequently resulting in hospitalizations and diminished quality of life. Sacubitril/ Valsartan, the first angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) approved by the FDA, has shown promising effects in reducing mortality and improving clinical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Sacubitril/ Valsartan compared with conventional therapies in patients with CHF. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to April 18, 2024, using predefined terms. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials comparing Sacubitril/Valsartan with standard therapies in adult CHF patients. Data extraction was performed independently by multiple reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the JBI checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled outcomes. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials, including 15,650 patients, were analyzed. The mean age across studies was 68.4 years, with males comprising 59.4% of the Sacubitril/Valsartan group and 63.3% of the control group. Sacubitril/Valsartan significantly reduced NT-proBNP levels (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.58 to -0.03; p = 0.03) and disease-related events (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76-0.89; p < 0.00001). Hypotension was the most frequently reported adverse event (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.28-1.93; p < 0.0001), whereas hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction did not differ significantly from control groups. DISCUSSION: The findings indicate that Sacubitril/Valsartan improves outcomes in patients with CHF and exhibits an acceptable safety profile, although clinicians should monitor for hypotension. CONCLUSION: Sacubitril/Valsartan represents an effective therapeutic option for CHF, providing significant benefits in reducing mortality and morbidity compared with standard therapy.
Prevalence of Risk Factors and their Association with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Single-Center Retrospective Study in Rajasthan.
Singh R, Chaturvedi B, Bareth H … +6 more , Raj P, Charan SS, Sharma A, Singh M, Nathiya D, Tomar B
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41820313 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health burden with increasing prevalence rates and high morbidity and mortality rates. CVD has a variety of clinical and lifestyle risk factors, including, bu...
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major global health burden with increasing prevalence rates and high morbidity and mortality rates. CVD has a variety of clinical and lifestyle risk factors, including, but not limited to, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, chronic smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Predictors of CVD outcomes need to be identified to advance healthcare practices and decrease disease burden. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated predictive factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in 697 patients, considering a range of clinical and behavioral variables. Data collected included demographics, lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, alcohol use), clinical measurements (e.g., blood pressure, lipid profiles), and comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes). Statistical analyses were performed to identify associations between these factors and CVD outcomes. RESULTS: Data from 697 participants were analyzed (29.3% female, 70.7% male), with a mean age of 58.09 ± 13.14 years. The majority of participants resided in rural areas (66.1%). Smoking (52.8%) and elevated triglycerides were prevalent among participants. The most significant risk factors associated with CVD development were smoking, high triglycerides, hypertension, and diabetes. Smokers were 2.59 times more likely to develop CVD in the presence of these risk factors. DISCUSSION: In this high-burden rural population in Rajasthan, India, several key CVD risk factors were identified, including smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and high cholesterol. Notably, even smokers who reported relatively healthier lifestyles were still affected. CVD development was strongly associated with multiple modifiable risk factors, highlighting the cumulative impact of lifestyle and clinical determinants. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significant influence of lifestyle and clinical factors, such as smoking, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, on cardiovascular disease risk. These findings highlight the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate these risks by promoting healthy habits, improving healthcare access, and strengthening public health policies. Implementing such measures can reduce CVD incidence and improve overall population health outcomes.
Early Recovery of Oxygen Kinetics in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Oxygen Kinetics During the First Minute of Recovery after Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Heart Failure.
Petridou M, Mitsiou G, Farmakis D … +2 more , Lampropoulos K, Papathanasiou G
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Mar · PMID 41788001 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard for assessing functional capacity in heart failure (HF). Oxygen kinetics during the early recovery phase, particularly the VO₂/t-slope (the linear...
BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard for assessing functional capacity in heart failure (HF). Oxygen kinetics during the early recovery phase, particularly the VO₂/t-slope (the linear slope of oxygen uptake reduction during the first minute of recovery), are delayed in HF due to specific pathophysiological mechanisms. The hypothesis of a correlation between the VO₂/t-slope and peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak) in HF remains debated. However, their parallel variation in HF patients, compared with healthy individuals and post-exercise interventions, suggests a common pathophysiological pathway. Since the VO₂/t-slope is independent of CPET duration and intensity, it may serve as a valuable alternative to VO₂peak, particularly for symptomatic HF patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare oxygen kinetics during the early CPET recovery phase in HF and healthy populations, evaluate VO₂/t-slope variations after exercise training, and propose the VO₂/t-slope as a complementary indicator to VO₂peak for HF diagnosis, classification, and prognosis. METHOD: A systematic review was conducted on studies examining the correlation between the VO₂/t-slope and VO₂peak in HF patients, with or without structured training programs. The following keywords were used: "VO₂/t-slope," "oxygen kinetics," "recovery," "cardiopulmonary test," "VO₂peak," and "heart failure." Databases included PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane (CENTRAL), and ScienceDirect, following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses) guidelines. The PEDro scale (Clinimetric Tool Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was used to assess study quality. The systematic review is registered in INPLASY (DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2024.9.0111, registration number INPLASY: 202490111). Out of 542 articles, 10 were selected based on the study's eligibility criteria. RESULTS: A direct, positive, and statistically significant relationship was found between the VO₂/t-slope and VO₂peak after maximal CPET (r = 0.84, P < 0.001; VO₂peak = 10.5 + 16 × VO₂/t-slope) and after submaximal CPET (r = 0.87, P < 0.001; VO₂peak = 9.5 + 20 × VO₂/t-slope). Both parameters varied proportionally (indirect correlation) with HF severity and improved after exercise training, indicating shared metabolic pathways. Strength training combined with high-intensity aerobic exercise further enhanced cardiorespiratory recovery compared with aerobic training alone. HF-related histological and biochemical muscle changes, including mitochondrial adaptations, contribute to the observed VO₂/tslope delays and to the proportional variability of both the VO₂/t-slope and VO₂ peak. CONCLUSION: VO2/t-slope is a promising diagnostic and prognostic indicator for HF, complementing VO2peak in maximal and submaximal CPET. Its proportional deterioration in HF and improvement post-exercise highlights its role in assessing functional status and disease progression. Unlike VO2peak, VO2/t-slope remains independent of CPET duration and intensity, making it particularly useful for advanced HF stages and revealing Clinical superiority. These findings support VO2/tslope as a valuable tool for HF diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and follow-up. DOI number: 10.37766/inplasy2024.9.0111, registration number INPLASY: 202490111.
Retinal Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Review Focused on CHD AHD Valvular Disorders and Cardiomyopathies.
B C A, N Rao S, M M … +1 more , M BM
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Feb · PMID 41691690 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with congenital heart disease (CHD), acquired heart disease (AHD), valvular disorders, and cardiomyopathies contributing signific...
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, with congenital heart disease (CHD), acquired heart disease (AHD), valvular disorders, and cardiomyopathies contributing significantly to morbidity. Retinal fundus imaging has emerged as a non-invasive modality capable of capturing microvascular alterations that may serve as biomarkers for systemic cardiovascular dysfunction. METHODS: This review systematically examined literature published between 2015 and 2025 on the use of retinal fundus imaging for predicting structural heart diseases. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using predefined keywords. Studies were evaluated according to disease focus, imaging modality, analytical methods, and diagnostic performance. RESULTS: Findings highlight that deep learning and machine learning models applied to retinal fundus images have demonstrated promising accuracy in detecting and classifying CVDs. Convolutional neural networks achieved up to 91% AUC for CHD detection, while hybrid multimodal approaches improved sensitivity in AHD and valvular disease prediction. Cardiomyopathies were associated with vessel tortuosity and microhemorrhages, quantifiable through automated image analysis. Table 1 provides a statistical summary of performance across studies. DISCUSSION: Emerging approaches, such as transformer-based models and adaptations of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for medical imaging, offer potential for improving generalizability and interpretability. Challenges remain, including dataset imbalance, limited longitudinal validation, and the black-box nature of AI models. CONCLUSION: Retinal imaging holds strong potential as a scalable, non-invasive tool for cardiovascular disease prediction. Integrating advanced AI architectures may enhance diagnostic accuracy and accelerate translation into clinical practice.
Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation Post Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) Closure: A Meta-analysis.
Spyropoulou P, Theofilis P, Mantzios PG … +9 more , Tsatsaragkou A, Pantelidis P, Katsarou O, Tryfou E, Kalogeras K, Gialafos E, Siasos G, Oikonomou E, Vavouranakis E
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41589496 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is the treatment of choice in younger patients with cryptogenic stroke or high-risk PFO features. A common complication post-procedurally is atrial fibrillat...
INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is the treatment of choice in younger patients with cryptogenic stroke or high-risk PFO features. A common complication post-procedurally is atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/Af). In this study, we evaluate the incidence of AF/Af following PFO closure compared to medical therapy, the time to occurrence, and the role of age in AF/Af occurrence. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (Pubmed) and Scopus databases for studies assessing the incidence of AF/Af post-PFO closure in contrast to medical therapy, the incidence within the 1st month post-procedurally or later, and the role of age in AF/Af occurrence. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies (10 randomized, 18 observational, 1 case-control) were included in this systematic review, of which 10 (7 randomized, 3 observational) were meta-analyzed. Subjects undergoing PFO closure were at higher risk of developing AF/Af (RR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.01, p=0.009). There was a trend for higher AF/Af rates within the 1st month post-intervention. There was no statistical difference after the 1st month of follow-up (3 studies, RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.02-19.88, p=0.60). Mean age of participants did not affect the primary endpoint (β: -0.03, CI: - 1.13, 0.06, p=0.45, residual I 2 =44%, R2 =4%). DISCUSSION: AF/Af risk is elevated following PFO closure, particularly early post-procedure, likely due to procedural factors. However, the arrhythmias are often transient and not agedependent. Study heterogeneity and limited monitoring methods may affect the reported incidence. CONCLUSION: PFO closure increases short-term AF/Af risk compared to medical therapy, but the events are typically mild and age-independent. This should be weighed against the long-term benefit of stroke prevention. Moreover, standardized monitoring is needed to better define this risk.
Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease in a Military Pilot: Case Report and Mini-Review.
Radchenko G, Botsiuk Y, Dyadyk O … +4 more , Eichstaedt C, Sokolov V, Guk S, Sirenko Y
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41588905 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), often diagnosed only in cases resistant to PAH therapy or after lung histology is obtained through transpl...
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a rare subtype of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), often diagnosed only in cases resistant to PAH therapy or after lung histology is obtained through transplantation or autopsy. Early diagnosis of PVOD, however, is associated with improved outcomes. We present a case of PVOD initially diagnosed and confirmed by lung biopsy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old male military pilot, a non-smoker, was admitted with progressive dyspnea. On examination, his heart rate was 110 beats per minute, respiratory rate 20 per minute, oxygen saturation 88% at rest and 95% with 3 L/min supplemental oxygen. He was classified as WHO functional class IV, with a six-minute walking distance of 60 m and NT-proBNP of 3315 pg/ml. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography revealed right heart enlargement. Right heart catheterization confirmed precapillary pulmonary hypertension with a low cardiac index (1.75 L/min/m²). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs showed septal lines, centrilobular ground-glass opacities, and latero-aortic and subcarinal lymph node enlargement, suggestive of PVOD. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically via open lung biopsy and genetically by identification of biallelic EIF2AK4 variants. Eight months after diagnosis, lung transplantation was performed, resulting in dramatic improvement of the patient's condition. This case highlights key aspects of PVOD etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. CONCLUSION: Patients with PAH should undergo careful evaluation for PVOD. Recognition of characteristic clinical, radiological, and genetic features enables suspicion of this rare PAH subtype and guides cautious titration of targeted therapies. Lung transplantation remains the preferred treatment option for PVOD patients.
Post-Myocardial Infarction Prognostic Factors and Mortality in the Gulf Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alsalman D, Alumran A, Aslam N … +1 more , Almansori M
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41582368 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the Gulf region, with acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) being a critical contributor due to prevalent comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension...
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in the Gulf region, with acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) being a critical contributor due to prevalent comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the prognostic factors impacting post-MI outcomes. METHOD: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify risk factors influencing Myocardial Infarction (MI) outcomes in Saudi Arabia and Gulf countries. A comprehensive search of major databases between 2013 and 2024 included studies examining demographic and clinical predictors such as age, gender, and comorbidities. Eligible studies were screened following PRISMA guidelines. Adjusted odds ratios for mortality were pooled, and heterogeneity was assessed through Q and I² statistics. Bias and publication bias were evaluated using ROBINS-I and funnel plots, respectively. Analyses were performed to provide regionspecific insights into MI prognosis and outcome predictors. RESULTS: The findings reveal that gender, age, comorbidities, and biomarkers significantly influence mortality risks. Women presented higher mortality rates than men, attributed to older age and a heavier comorbidity burden. Ventricular arrhythmias and recurrent MI emerged as predictors of adverse in-hospital outcomes, including heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The pooled odds ratio for short-term mortality indicated over three times the mortality risk following MI, although long-term mortality findings lacked statistical significance. DISCUSSION: The findings highlight the combined impact of demographic and clinical factors on MI outcomes in the Gulf region. The gender disparity reflects both biological and systemic influences. CONCLUSION: Tailored interventions, improved risk stratification, and targeted management strategies are needed to address the high-risk profiles and outcome disparities in Gulf MI patients.
Clinical Approach to Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) in South Asia: An Expert Consensus Statement.
Chopra VK, Wander GS, Narasimhan C … +11 more , Unni G, Ali A, Reza A, Khan KN, Mohsin K, Mubarak MR, Wijesinghe R, Sharma SK, Maskey A, Gurung M, Athauda-Arachchi PM
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41582367 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: HFpEF accounts for 12-25% of heart failure cases in South Asia, primarily driven by hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Late diagnosis and healthcare disparities worsen outcomes. This expert consensus aims...
INTRODUCTION: HFpEF accounts for 12-25% of heart failure cases in South Asia, primarily driven by hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Late diagnosis and healthcare disparities worsen outcomes. This expert consensus aims to provide region-specific guidelines for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of HFpEF. METHOD: A modified Delphi process with experts from five South Asian countries was conducted, informed by a literature review (2018-2024) and adapted international guidelines. RESULTS: Recommendations include the use of an adjusted H2FPEF score (BMI > 25 kg/m²), essential echocardiographic criteria (E/e' > 9, LAVi > 34 mL/m²) for diagnosis, and SGLT2 inhibitors as first-line pharmacotherapy, with finerenone for cardio-renal protection. Emphasis on lifestyle modification, patient education, and aggressive management of comorbidities is highlighted to reduce hospitalizations. DISCUSSION: HFpEF presents earlier and is associated with higher comorbidity in South Asia. Adaptations such as lower BMI thresholds and region-specific screening are critical. Cost and accessibility challenges persist in the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone. Public health measures and infrastructure strengthening are necessary to improve outcomes. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and tailored treatment strategies can enhance outcomes in HFpEF in South Asia. This consensus serves as a call for regionally focused implementation to reduce the burden of HFpEF.
Long-Term Cardiac Sequelae in Lyme Carditis: A Review.
Badheeb M, Ahmed A, Stolear A … +6 more , Wadan AS, Sethi S, Arango J, Saif R, Miftari R, Zarich S
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41582366 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Lyme disease, primarily caused by Borrelia burgdorferi in North America, is a common spirochetal infection transmitted via tick bites. The dissemination of Lyme spirochetes can result in multisystem complic...
INTRODUCTION: Lyme disease, primarily caused by Borrelia burgdorferi in North America, is a common spirochetal infection transmitted via tick bites. The dissemination of Lyme spirochetes can result in multisystem complications, including Lyme carditis. METHODS: This review incorporated data from observational studies, retrospective analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports involving patients with confirmed or presumed Lyme carditis. Key outcomes included prevalence, reversibility, and chronicity of cardiac involvement, as well as diagnostic and prognostic implications. RESULTS: Atrioventricular block represents the most prevalent conduction abnormality in Lyme carditis, occurring in up to 90% of cases, with high-degree of persistent blocks potentially necessitating temporary or permanent pacing. While the majority of conduction abnormalities resolve with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, a subset of patients experience persistent dysfunction. Structural complications, including myocarditis, pericarditis, and, less frequently, endocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy, have been documented. Emerging evidence suggests that persistent myocardial inflammation and autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to the development of long-term cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Reports of coronary artery involvement and aneurysmal changes, though rare, raise further concern regarding chronic cardiovascular risk. DISCUSSION: This review highlights several cardiovascular complications of Lyme carditis that can persist despite medical therapy. While permanent conduction abnormalities, fulminant myocarditis, and subsequent ventricular dysfunction have been reported, studies on chronic heart failure are limited, and coronary artery involvement remains underrecognized, necessitating further research. CONCLUSION: While Lyme carditis is generally self-limited with timely therapy, accumulating evidence indicates the potential for lasting cardiac sequelae. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to delineate risk factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and optimal strategies for longterm surveillance and management.
Remote ECG-Guided Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Outpatient Model Using the Accordix Platform.
Mishina IE, Blinova KA, Gudukhin AA … +1 more , Kopysheva EN
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41572759 · Publisher ↗
Telemedicine-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) offers a viable and accessible alternative to traditional center-based programs, leveraging remote monitoring and individualized exercise prescriptions to improve cardiovasc...
Telemedicine-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) offers a viable and accessible alternative to traditional center-based programs, leveraging remote monitoring and individualized exercise prescriptions to improve cardiovascular health in patients post-acute myocardial infarction. This overview examines the implementation of the "Accordix" system, a telemedicine platform utilized for outpatient CR. The "Accordix" system facilitates real-time ECG monitoring and communication between patients and a multidisciplinary rehabilitation team. Patients undergo an initial in-person assessment to determine individual exercise parameters, followed by home-based exercise sessions supported by the system's feedback mechanisms (e.g., heart rate alerts and Borg scale integration). The platform allows physicians to remotely monitor patient progress, adjust treatment plans, and address potential adverse events, thus enabling a hybrid CR approach that combines the benefits of in-person and remote care. Future directions include integrating video consultations to enhance guidance on exercise technique and expanding accessibility to underserved populations. The focus is on improving patient training protocols to ensure proper device use, self-monitoring skills, and adherence to exercise guidelines. Telemedicine-based CR, exemplified by the "Accordix" system, holds significant promise for improving access to cardiac rehabilitation, optimizing treatment outcomes, empowering patients through self-management, and promoting long-term adherence to lifestyle changes. Further research and implementation efforts are warranted to fully realize the potential of this approach in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease.
Exploring the Potential of AI and Augmented Reality in Cardiovascular Disease Management: A Narrative Review.
Khan AM, Villalobos A, Kakadiya AD … +7 more , Kaur H, Tabassum S, Faisal AM, Pardeshi R, Shah D, Ponnada SC, Patel K
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41510734 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with their rising incidence demanding a shift toward more personalized treatment approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI)...
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with their rising incidence demanding a shift toward more personalized treatment approaches. Artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) are two newly evolving technologies that have found extensive usage in the field of cardiovascular medicine and surgery. AI-based models involve machine learning and deep learning neural networks. These primarily form the basis of prediction models, allowing the prediction of risk, survival, and risk stratification of patients. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, and it included studies published between 2003 and 2024. Articles were selected based on clinical relevance and applicability to cardiovascular disease management using artificial intelligence (AI) and AR. Keywords used included "cardiovascular disease," "artificial intelligence," "augmented reality," "diagnostic imaging," and "risk prediction." Studies were screened manually for inclusion based on the title and abstract review, followed by full-text evaluation for relevance and quality. RESULTS: This narrative review highlights how artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) are increasingly being applied in cardiovascular disease management. Despite recent studies, there remains a lack of proper evaluation of these models' efficacy, and therefore multiple large-scale trials are needed. DISCUSSION: Networks such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have been used to improve image interpretation and documentation processes. CONCLUSION: Further and larger studies are needed to test the efficacy and safety of these models. This narrative review summarizes recent findings in AI and AR and offers perspectives on future research.
Vascular Pharmacology Patent on Mebeverine.
Tylkowski B, Gulaczyk I
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41486987 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Maternal Risk Factors, Preterm Birth, and Future Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Literature Review.
Hu C
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 Jan · PMID 41486986 · Publisher ↗
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major challenge in public health around the globe. However, little is known about associations among maternal risk factors (mRFs), PTB, and future cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review articl...
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major challenge in public health around the globe. However, little is known about associations among maternal risk factors (mRFs), PTB, and future cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review article discusses the current status of PTB, the side effects of some traditional cultures, and the role of major mRFs related to unhealthy "environmentsleep- emotion-exercise-diet" intervention [E(e)SEEDi] lifestyle on PTB and future CVD (fCVD). This narrative review and interpretive analysis was based on literature sourced from PubMed using the keywords 'maternal,' 'risk factor,' 'lifestyle,' 'preterm birth,' and 'CVD.' The interpretation of the findings was informed by the author's extensive clinical experience over the past decades. Data were mainly extracted from about 180 articles listed in the reference section. Totally, there are more than 50 modifiable and non-modifiable mRFs before and during pregnancy (especially 28 weeks to 37 weeks), which may result in PTB and recurrent PTB. In fact, these major mRFs play a pivotal role in the development of fCVD in both pregnancy women and newborns. The origins of fCVD link to not only major mRFs but also other adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and adverse neonates outcomes (ANO). Possible mechanisms include increased risk of lipid disorders and atherosclerosis, as well as DNA methylation. Herein, a healthy E(e)SEEDi lifestyle is crucial for controlling and preventing PTB and fCVD, but the underlying mechanisms require further clinical and experimental investigation.
Heart Failure Management in the Modern Era: A Comprehensive Review on Medical and Device-based Interventions.
Shrivastava A, Gokhale N, Paliwal P … +5 more , Dwivedi S, Khan S, Nikam PL, Jain Y, Kumari J
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 41398613 · Full text
Heart failure remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in management strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review aimed to elucidate the current scenario of heart failur...
Heart failure remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating continuous advancements in management strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review aimed to elucidate the current scenario of heart failure and its management in the modern era, focusing on integrating medical therapy and implantable device interventions. According to guidelines, medical treatment remains the primary method of treating heart failure. Such medications include ACE inhibitors, neprilysin-angiotensin receptor inhibitors, beta-blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and blockers of sodium-glucose co-transporter- 2. These pharmacologic agents have demonstrated efficacy in decreasing mortality and morbidity in patients. The advent of implantable devices has revolutionized treatment, providing substantial benefits in specific patient populations. Cardiac resynchronization therapy has emerged as a pivotal intervention for patients with reduced ejection fraction and dyssynchronous ventricular contraction, effectively enhancing cardiac function and quality of life. Furthermore, left bundle branch area pacing improvements provide fascinating alternatives to traditional cardiac resynchronization therapy. The essential significance of device-based therapies is further highlighted by the function of implanted cardioverter-defibrillators in preventing unexpected cardiac deaths in high-risk patients. Furthermore, integrating remote monitoring technologies and novel device innovations continues to enhance the precision and efficacy of heart failure management. This review comprehensively examines current guidelines and evidence supporting the use of these therapies, addressing their synergistic potential and the practical considerations for their implementation, while synthesizing recent advancements in pharmacologic and device-based interventions.
Preface.
Liu T
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 Nov · PMID 41185507 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe