Current Cardiology Reviews[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Cardiac Cancer: An Evidence-Based Study of Occurrence.
Tolou-Ghamari Z
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40692149 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: From 1931 to 2025, spanning 94 years, cardiac cancer has remained a rare and sporadic tumor that poses both an investigative dilemma and a therapeutic challenge. Autopsy findings indicate that the incidence...
INTRODUCTION: From 1931 to 2025, spanning 94 years, cardiac cancer has remained a rare and sporadic tumor that poses both an investigative dilemma and a therapeutic challenge. Autopsy findings indicate that the incidence of primary cardiac malignancies is approximately 0.02 percent. Surgical resection is considered a viable and often successful treatment option. AIMS: The present study aims to provide an overall assessment of cardiac cancer in Isfahan Province, Iran. OBJECTIVES: To provide detailed information on specific aspects, such as frequency and demographic characteristics of cardiac cancer. METHODS: The representative data of this study were drawn from the general population of Isfahan Province. SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) data were obtained from the Deputy of Health, Division of Registry of Cancer (between 2011 and 2015). With attention to subject selection (the authors followed the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines), and according to the ICDO topography code, C38 was considered for further investigation as heart cancer or cardiac tumors. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: During the study period, a total of 30,465 cancer patients were recorded, comprising 14,638 females and 15,827 males. Among these, 122 cases (0.4 percent) were identified as cardiac cancer, including 42 females and 80 males. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 95 years, with a mean age of 46.8 ± 21.5 years. The annual distribution of reported cardiac tumors during the study period was as follows: 34, 37, 18, and 33 cases, respectively. Based on available data from the monographic code M, which does not specify subtypes, the following conditions were recorded: mesothelioma (n = 25), neoplasm (n = 11), Hodgkin lymphoma, nodular sclerosis, NOS (n = 14), and other unspecified conditions. A total of three deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: In the population studied, the frequency of cardiac cancer in men was significantly higher than in women. Age related to cardiac cancer in 51% was between 40-70 years old. For the patient satisfaction and financial aspects of the Iranian health system, further consideration is suggested regarding referral systems, evidence-based pharmacotherapy, and post-surgery outcome inquiries.
Role of Perturbations of Epigenetic Processes in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrotic Scarring.
Duvey BK, Sharma D, Mittal V … +1 more , Sharma A
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40662548 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrotic scarring are fundamental contributors to the progression of heart failure and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recent advancements in cardiovascular research have...
INTRODUCTION: Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrotic scarring are fundamental contributors to the progression of heart failure and are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Recent advancements in cardiovascular research have emphasized the central role of epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs, in regulating the gene expression changes underlying these pathological processes. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Predefined keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied to select relevant studies focusing on epigenetic regulation in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Particular attention was given to studies involving DNA methyltransferases, TET enzymes, histone deacetylases, demethylases, chromatin remodeling complexes, and non-coding RNAs. Methodological transparency was ensured through a structured screening and data extraction process. RESULTS: The review highlights the dynamic regulation of cardiac gene expression by epigenetic factors. DNA methylation and demethylation influence fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition. Histone-modifying enzymes reshape chromatin architecture, altering transcriptional accessibility. Chromatin remodeling complexes regulate nucleosome positioning during stress responses. Emerging insights into epigenetic memory and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance further reveal the heritable nature of disease susceptibility. DISCUSSION: These epigenetic perturbations collectively orchestrate the maladaptive gene expression patterns seen in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Understanding their roles provides a mechanistic basis for identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The review also discusses recent omics-based technologies that aid in the characterization of epigenetic alterations, thereby expanding diagnostic and therapeutic horizons. CONCLUSION: Epigenetic mechanisms are pivotal in the development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Advances in epigenomic profiling are facilitating the development of precise and targeted interventions. This review underscores the potential of epigenetic therapies and calls for intensified research efforts to translate these findings into clinical applications.
Emergent Valve Repair for Severe Traumatic Acute Tricuspid Regurgitation in Polytrauma Patients: A Case Report.
Cereijo JMM, Lopez LR, Pais BA … +5 more , Nazar BA, Carro JG, Donoso Mera JA, Khalafi SS, Gonzalez AF
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40662547 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation resulting from blunt chest trauma is a rare complication, and the surgical options remain unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 19-year-old male who sustain...
INTRODUCTION: Traumatic tricuspid regurgitation resulting from blunt chest trauma is a rare complication, and the surgical options remain unclear. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 19-year-old male who sustained polytrauma in a scooter accident. Concomitant medical findings included massive right hemothorax, splenic burst with active bleeding, hemoperitoneum, L1-L3 spinous apophysis fracture, and 2 rib arches. Despite 6 hours of medical treatment, including high doses of noradrenaline and dobutamine, complete stabilization was not achieved. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed, which revealed tricuspid valve damage, with one leaflet flaring due to rupture of the papillary muscle (impression of the anterior leaflet). An emergent surgery was performed, and the valve was repaired with excellent outcomes. Additionally, hemodynamic stability was achieved postsurgery, and the repair proved to be effective and durable in the medium term. CONCLUSION: Severe traumatic acute tricuspid regurgitation in polytrauma patients can lead to cardiogenic shock and may require emergent correction of the valvopathy, as demonstrated in this case. In instances of traumatic acute tricuspid regurgitation caused by papillary muscle rupture, valve repair is a feasible approach and has shown favorable outcomes at midterm followup. Given the complex medical conditions associated with polytrauma and the typically young age of these patients, particular emphasis was placed on preserving the native valve.
Temporal and Geographical Disparities in Amyloid and Heart Failure-Related Mortality: An Epidemiological Study 1999-2020.
Pham HN, Ibrahim R, Nguyen T … +7 more , Sainbayar E, Shahid M, Ferreira JP, Singh A, Lee K, Tang WHW, William P
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40660444 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Amyloidosis complicated by heart failure (HF) poses significant mortality. We sought to identify trends in comorbid amyloidosis and HF mortality in the recent 22- year period. METHODS: Mortality due to amyl...
INTRODUCTION: Amyloidosis complicated by heart failure (HF) poses significant mortality. We sought to identify trends in comorbid amyloidosis and HF mortality in the recent 22- year period. METHODS: Mortality due to amyloid and HF as contributors of death were queried from death certificates using the CDC database from 1999 to 2020. Mortality rates and their 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for age (AAMR) through the Direct method and compared by demographic subpopulations. The Monte-Carlo permutation test was used to estimate the annual percentage change (APC). Log-linear regression models were utilized to assess temporal variation in mortality. RESULTS: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) increased from 0.09 (0.08-0.10) in 1999 to 0.27 (0.25-0.29) in 2020. Mortality increased from 1999 to 2013 (APC +1.4, p=0.048) with an accelerating inflection point in 2013 to 2020 (APC +13.3, p<0.001). AAMR was higher among male populations (AAMR 0.20 [0.20-0.21]) compared to female populations (AAMR 0.07 [0.07-0.07]). A significant inflection point in uprising mortality rates was observed for both male and female populations in 2013 (p<0.001). Mortality was highest among Black populations (AAMR 0.33), followed by White (AAMR 0.10), Asian/Pacific Islander (AAMR 0.06), and American Indian/Alaska Native populations (AAMR 0.04). Among Black populations, mortality remained consistent from 1999 to 2012 (APC +1.1, p=0.184), followed by an increase from 2012 to 2020 (APC +14.0, p<0.001). Among White populations, mortality remained stagnant from 1999 to 2013 (APC +0.7, p=0.302), followed by an increase starting in 2013 to 2020 (APC +13.5, p<0.001). DISCUSSION: Our findings of a marked rise in HF-related mortality in patients with amyloidosis since 2013 highlighted the profound impact of enhanced diagnostic awareness, novel imaging techniques, and emerging therapeutics. Our analysis also showed mortality disparities between sexes, and geographic locations, races, and ethnicity that warrant targeted public health interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Amyloid and HF mortality increased in the recent 22-year period, primarily starting in 2013, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted intervention to address these disparities.
Artificial Intelligence Tools in Myocardial Infarction Prognosis: Evaluating the Performance of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models.
Szymanska C, Baszko A
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40660443 · Full text
In clinical practice, mortality risk assessment in patients with myocardial infarction often relies on scales such as GRACE and TIMI. However, these scales were developed based on cohorts assembled many years ago. Since...
In clinical practice, mortality risk assessment in patients with myocardial infarction often relies on scales such as GRACE and TIMI. However, these scales were developed based on cohorts assembled many years ago. Since then, numerous changes have occurred, ranging from shifts in MI patient profiles to the introduction of new antiplatelet medications and the adoption of more restrictive lipid therapy targets. To address this issue, researchers are working to develop new stratification tools. Artificial intelligence (AI), which finds applications in nearly every area of medicine, also presents solutions to this problem. This review includes sixteen papers that contain machine learning and deep learning models used to prognosticate mortality risk at different points. Machine learning (ML) models, such as random forest, gradient boosting, and support vector machines, have demonstrated good to excellent performance. However, no single algorithm appears to be top-performing. Although artificial neural networks are considered one of the most promising algorithms, they do not invariably outperform other ML methods. The adaptability of AI models to various scenarios and their ability to handle complex datasets reassures us of their potential in cardiology. Concerning variables that influence the risk of mortality, most are well-established factors, such as age, left-ventricular ejection fraction, lipid parameters, and B-type natriuretic peptide. Additionally, less apparent indicators include platelet parameters, neutrophil count, and blood urea nitrogen. In conclusion, utilizing AI-based models in myocardial infarction risk stratification presents a significant opportunity to develop effective and tailored tools.
Comparison of Different Double-Stent Implantation Techniques on Coronary Bifurcation Lesions: A Finite Element Analysis.
Cao H, Wu H, Zheng J … +1 more , Ren J
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40660442 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the impact of different double-stent methods on the structure and mechanics of coronary bifurcation lesions, providing reference indicators for clinicians in selecting an appr...
INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the impact of different double-stent methods on the structure and mechanics of coronary bifurcation lesions, providing reference indicators for clinicians in selecting an appropriate interventional procedure. METHODS: Three-dimensional reconstruction of coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) image data of a patient with coronary bifurcation disease was performed. Two types of double-stent (Cullotte and Crush) procedures were simulated, and their effects were evaluated using Finite element analysis. Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) validation and retrospective clinical analysis were performed to support computational findings. RESULTS: The stress distribution following the Cullotte stent was concentrated in the SB, whereas the stress after the Crush procedure was localized at the overlap with the proximal main vessel three-layer stent. Compared with the Crush procedure, the Culotte approach resulted in a lower percentage of double-stent malapposition, better dilation of vascular stenosis, and less narrowing of the SB stent, suggesting a more favorable clinical outcome. IVUS validation and retrospective clinical analysis were performed to support computational findings. DISCUSSION: Culotte stenting resulted in better stent-vessel conformity and more favorable stress distribution. The findings support FEA as a valuable tool in procedural planning. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the Culotte technique may offer mechanical advantages over the Crush technique, potentially improving long-term clinical outcomes. These results emphasize the role of computational modeling in optimizing interventional strategies.
Phytoconstituents-mediated Targeting of Ferroptosis for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease.
Gupta P, Sharma A, Sachin … +2 more , Sharma S, Sharma D
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40600530 · Full text
Ferroptosis, an instance of iron-dependent programmable cell death that results from oxidative stress & lipid peroxidation, has garnered interest due to its associations with cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclero...
Ferroptosis, an instance of iron-dependent programmable cell death that results from oxidative stress & lipid peroxidation, has garnered interest due to its associations with cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, as well as heart failure. Unlike necrosis or apoptosis, ferroptosis involves unique metabolic pathways that disrupt cellular redox balance and lipid homeostasis, leading to substantial cell damage in cardiovascular tissues. It is becoming recognized that phytoconstituents-bioactive compounds derived from plants-can modify ferroptosis pathways and provide cardioprotective advantages. Compounds including curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, tanshinone IIA, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have shown potential in preclinical studies by concentrating on significant ferroptotic processes. Finally, by controlling iron homeostasis, boosting antioxidant responses (such as Nrf2 pathway activation), and reducing lipid peroxidation, these phytochemicals may mitigate ferroptosisinduced cardiac cell death. In animal studies, these natural compounds have shown promise in reducing oxidative damage and improving heart function after injury. This article summarises the mechanisms via which a variety of phytoconstituents influence ferroptosis and discusses their potential as an adjuvant treatment for CVD. While these findings are encouraging, further research is needed to use them in clinical settings, with a focus on long-term safety in human populations, optimal dose, and absorption. The cardioprotective properties of phytoconstituents, which focus on ferroptosis, may provide a unique, plant-based therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CVDs.
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Patients.
Vadiyala MR, Varghese J, Prajapati K … +2 more , Dong Q, Desai R
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40589003 · Full text
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Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides as Therapeutics and Biomarkers for Combating Vascular Aging and Associated Cardiovascular Diseases.
Sivakumar R, Aravaanan ASK, Mohanakrishnan VV … +1 more , Kumar J
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40574402 · Full text
Vascular aging profoundly affects the onset of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, mostly as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review examines the protective roles of mitochondrial- derived peptides such as...
Vascular aging profoundly affects the onset of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly, mostly as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review examines the protective roles of mitochondrial- derived peptides such as humanin, MOTS-c, and small humanin-like peptides in mitigating vascular aging. These peptides, encoded by mitochondrial DNA, are crucial for regulating apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which have a major role in vascular health. MDPs have significant prospects as therapeutic and biomarker possibilities for the early diagnosis and intervention of vascular aging. MDPs influence the functions of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells by modulating critical signaling pathways, including AMPK, mTOR, and sirtuins. These pathways are essential for facilitating cellular metabolism, enhancing stress resilience, and prolonging longevity. Moreover, MDPs are essential in mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics, vital for mitigating endothelial dysfunction and enhancing vascular resilience. Furthermore, MDPs contribute to immunological modulation and the regulation of inflammatory responses, underscoring their potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of age-related vascular disorders. This review analyzes the various functions of MDPs in vascular health and their therapeutic importance, advocating for more studies to optimize their clinical benefits. By understanding the comprehensive roles and mechanisms of these multifunctional peptides, we can better appreciate their capacity to prevent and treat vascular aging and associated cardiovascular disorders. Future research should aim to further elucidate their therapeutic effects and optimize their clinical applications.
Heart Transplantation: Immunological Challenges Revisited.
Assadiasl S, Safdel S, Gheitasi M … +1 more , Nicknam MH
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40574363 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Immunologic responses to cardiac allografts initiate before transplantation during brain-dead organ procurement and might persist for years after transplantation, culminating in chronic allograft dysfunctio...
INTRODUCTION: Immunologic responses to cardiac allografts initiate before transplantation during brain-dead organ procurement and might persist for years after transplantation, culminating in chronic allograft dysfunction. Despite remarkable advances in post-transplant care and immunosuppressive agents, acute cellular and antibody-mediated rejections as well as chronic allograft vasculopathy significantly affect cardiac allograft and patient survival. METHODS: Herein, recent findings of the molecular mechanisms involved in the inflammatory responses before and after heart transplantation, including brain death donor inflammation, acute cellular rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, and chronic allograft dysfunction, have been summarized, along with novel therapeutic approaches for their treatment. Finally, recent developments in prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for immunological complications have been provided, with an overview of the most promising biomarkers to date. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Due to the recent developments in the description of molecular mechanisms involved in the immunopathogenesis of cardiac allograft rejection, some immune cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and adhesion molecules have been proposed as therapeutic targets for the prevention or treatment of alloimmune responses. In addition, several molecules derived from graft tissue or immune cells, e.g. natriuretic peptides, cardiac troponins, exosomal products, microRNAs, and donor-derived cell-free DNA, have been suggested as potential biomarkers for the prediction or diagnosis of cardiac transplant rejection. CONCLUSION: Considering the need to design non-invasive, low-cost tests for early diagnosis of post-transplant complications and convenient follow-up of the cardiac transplant recipients, peripheral blood biomarkers could be appropriate candidates for this purpose.
A Bibliometric Analysis of P2X7R in Cardiovascular Diseases from 2005 to 2024.
Tan J, Zhou W, Guo Z … +8 more , Cheng L, Kang Y, Wang Q, Dong J, Wang H, Zhang Q, Shen L, Huang K
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40574362 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which mediates inflammation, is implicated in an extensive variety of diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. Recently, studies focusing on the role of P2X7R in cardiovasc...
INTRODUCTION: The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), which mediates inflammation, is implicated in an extensive variety of diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. Recently, studies focusing on the role of P2X7R in cardiovascular disorders have garnered significant attention. However, a bibliometric evaluation within this area has yet to be carried out. METHODS: A bibliometric analysis was performed by searching for research related to P2X7R and cardiovascular diseases in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2005 to 2024. The tools CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to analyze data and create visual representations of various elements, including countries, institutions, authors, journals and keywords. RESULTS: Over the past two decades, 371 articles in English were obtained in the last 20 years. The People's Republic of China, Nanchang University, the journal 'Purinergic Signalling,' and author Shandong Liang had the highest productivity in their respective categories. The top 4 keywords were ''activation',' ''p2x7 receptor',' ''ATP',' and ''inflammation''. Burst keyword analysis indicated that ''purinergic signaling'' and ''oxidative stress'' are emerging key areas worthy of further investigation. These topics, seeing a surge in interest, are predicted to remain prominent in research. DISCUSSION: This is the first bibliometric analysis of P2X7R in cardiovascular disorders, which reports the hot spots and emerging trends. The interaction between ''purinergic signaling'', ''inflammation'', and ''oxidative stress'' are considered to be the current research priorities, suggesting that these topics are likely to remain central in future research. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the growing importance of P2X7R in cardiovascular research and offers valuable insights to guide future investigations.
WITHDRAWN: Blockchain and NFTs in Cardiovascular Health Record Management: Enhancing Security, Privacy, and Patient-Centric Care.
Mohyeldin M, Ezukuse V, Pandey U … +7 more , Mohamed FO, Mustafa AMG, Towfig M, Abdelghafar A, Alamin F, Ahmed A, Khaja M
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 Jun · PMID 40551694 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfil the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal "Current Cardiology Reviews". The publisher apolog...
UNLABELLED: Since the authors are not responding to the editor’s requests to fulfil the editorial requirement, therefore, the article has been withdrawn from the journal "Current Cardiology Reviews". The publisher apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused. The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
The use of Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) for Acute High Risk Pulmonary Embolism: A Systematic Review.
Munagala R, Patel H, Sathe P … +2 more , Singh A, Narasimhan M
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 40525417 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with hemodynamic compromise, termed high-risk or massive acute PE (MAPE), is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in procedural techniqu...
INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with hemodynamic compromise, termed high-risk or massive acute PE (MAPE), is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in procedural techniques and an increase in the availability of advanced therapies, the outcomes associated with high-risk PE remain poor. Here, we review the literature surrounding the use of Veno-arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VAECMO), primarily as a bridging therapy, in patients presenting with high-risk pulmonary embolism. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis utilizing PubMed/MEDLINE from database inception until March 2024. The terms "high-risk PE", "massive PE" and "MAPE" were paired with "VA-ECMO", "bridge therapy" and "solo therapy" along with related terms to find and analyze relevant studies. The primary outcome assessed was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Most comparative studies involved assessing VA-ECMO's utility as solo therapy vs as a bridge to advanced therapy. Out of the data involving VA-ECMO as solo therapy, most showed definite survival benefit in subset of populations with VA-ECMO's role being varied by age and cardiac arrest presence. A portion of studies were notable for finding no difference in outcomes; however no major retrospective determined negative effect of VA-ECMO. In head-to-head studies as a bridge, studies from multiple centers highlighted VA-ECMO's role in stabilizing and improving survival in massive PE prior to systemic or catheter directed thrombolysis. Follow-up studies were limited, however one retrospective showed 30-day mortality of 31% and the 1-year mortality of 54% post PERT call. Follow-up echocardiograms performed on survivors between 30-365 days from Pulmonary Embolism Response Team (PERT) activation interestingly all had normal Right Ventricular (RV) size and function with mild to no tricuspid regurgitation. CONCLUSION: Most major literature supports the use of VA-ECMO as either solo therapy or a bridge to advanced therapy in MAPE with additional shock or cardiac arrest. However, further studies are needed to develop society guidelines for regular initiation in cases of MAPE.
A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis of Metabolic Reprogramming in Cardiovascular Diseases: Trends, Key Contributors, and Future Directions from 2000 to 2024.
Chen X, Yang LL, Li LX … +1 more , Deng Y
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 40513070 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Metabolic reprogramming is critical in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research, affecting a variety of diseases such as myocardial damage, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis, and has also emerged as a...
BACKGROUND: Metabolic reprogramming is critical in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research, affecting a variety of diseases such as myocardial damage, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis, and has also emerged as a therapeutic target. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the past 24 years to identify trends and hotspots in CVD metabolism, aiming to guide future research and inform policy. METHODS: This study analyzes publications from January 1, 2000, to October 10, 2024, using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Tools like CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and SCImago Graphica were used for co-authorship, keyword, citation, and journal visualizations. Dual-map overlays and annual publication trends were examined to uncover hotspots, trends, and the progression of metabolic reprogramming in CVD. RESULTS: This study analyzed 765 articles and reviews from 66 countries. The USA had the most publications, with the University of Milan being the most productive institution. Després, JP's team in Italy, published the most papers. The International Journal of Molecular Sciences had the highest publication count, while Cardiovascular Diabetology had the greatest citation impact. Recent research has mainly focused on the role of immune cell substrate metabolism in CVD. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the development trend and research characteristics of CVD metabolic reprogramming over the past 24 years, from the early focus on disease risk factors to the recent exploration of the transformation of immune cell metabolism. In the future, targeting immune cell metabolism will drive CVD therapy forward.
Improvement of Hemodynamics and Quality of Life Before and After Interatrial Shunt Devices Implantation for Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Guan Y, Yang L, Lu Y … +9 more , Liang X, Wang R, Shen R, Yang L, Song J, Liu S, Bai Y, Guo Z, Zhu N
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2025 · PMID 40511661 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life and hemodynamic changes before and after transcatheter atrial septal shunt implantation. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the Coch...
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of life and hemodynamic changes before and after transcatheter atrial septal shunt implantation. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase from inception to September 2023 for studies reporting on hemodynamics or quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure after atrial septal shunt implantation. A meta-analysis was performed, in which a total of 1026 participants from 13 articles were included. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Following the implantation, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) decreased by 2.60 mmHg. Right atrial pressure (RAP) increased by 1.30 mmHg and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased by 2.13%. However, there were no significant differences in cardiac output and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) after operation. Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF) Score decreased by -19.28, while the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score increased by 25.41. Moreover, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) increased by 32.22 m. The results of subgroup analysis showed that for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF), LVEF increased by 3.09% while CO increased by 1.01 L/min after operation. Meanwhile, PCWP significantly decreased by 2.67 mmHg and MLWHF scores decreased by 19.28. Additionally, 6MWD significantly increased by 27.5 m. However, there were no significant changes in RAP and mPAP after operation. For patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), interatrial shunt device implantation did not achieve a significant increase in LVEF. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that while atrial septal shunt implantation might not yield LVEF elevation among patients with HFrEF, it improves hemodynamic parameters, exercise endurance, and QoL among individuals with HFpEF/HFmrEF.
Alirocumab Evolocumab on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Cleto AS, Schirlo JM, Machozeki J … +1 more , Martins CM
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40511660 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The PCSK9 enzyme is present mainly in the liver and is responsible for the degradation of LDL-C receptors. Currently, there are some drugs that inhibit this enzyme, such as alirocumab and evolocumab. Conseq...
INTRODUCTION: The PCSK9 enzyme is present mainly in the liver and is responsible for the degradation of LDL-C receptors. Currently, there are some drugs that inhibit this enzyme, such as alirocumab and evolocumab. Consequently, these drugs reduce serum LDL-C levels. Therefore, a systematic review and a meta-analysis were carried out in order to compare alirocumab against evolocumab in reducing cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: This systematic review was carried out in accordance with PRISMA and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024573217). The following databases were searched on July, 9, 2024: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Randomized clinical trials with a control group were included and meta-analyses were performed to assess relative risk (RR). The random effects model was used in heterogeneous samples. The articles were distributed into 2 subgroups: use of alirocumab and evolocumab. RESULTS: Initially, 2,213 articles were found, of which 6 were included. In total, 62,119 patients participated. The RR values were significant for alirocumab in the following outcomes: myocardial infarction (MI) 0.85 (95% CI 0.77-0.93), stroke 0.75 (95% CI 0.60-0.94) and hospitalization for unstable angina 0.58 (95% CI 0.39-0.86), while for evolocumab they were significant for MI 0.75 (95% CI 0.68-0.83) and coronary revascularization 0.81 (95 CI % 0.75-0.88). There was a statistically significant difference between the drugs for hospitalization for unstable angina (p=0.02). DISCUSSION: This study highlights the benefits of PCSK9 inhibitors, especially alirocumab, in reducing major cardiovascular events. Alirocumab significantly lowered hospitalizations for unstable angina, with a 42% reduction, and showed favorable outcomes in reducing myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and stroke. These reductions are clinically meaningful, as they lower morbidity, improve patient quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs. Both alirocumab and evolocumab are effective and safe, offering important therapeutic options for high-risk cardiovascular patients. CONCLUSION: The use of alirocumab is preferable if the focus is to avoid hospitalizations for unstable angina or stroke, while evolocumab may be an option if one wants to avoid coronary revascularization. Both drugs are effective in reducing cardiovascular outcomes, but alirocumab was superior to evolocumab.
Role of eRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases.
Li Y, Song C, Cui J … +3 more , Fei X, Lei X, Tang H
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40491378 · Full text
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs transcribed from enhancer regions, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the leading causes of morbidi...
Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs transcribed from enhancer regions, have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in China. The pathogenesis of CVD is complex, involving precise regulation of diverse biological processes. Recent advances in epigenetics have highlighted the pivotal role of eRNAs in gene regulation. This review summarizes the fundamental characteristics of eRNAs and their mechanisms of action in CVD, focusing on how they regulate gene expression through enhancer-promoter looping, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional control. Key eRNAs, including IRENES, CARMEN, LINC00607, HERNA1, PSMB8-AS1, and WISPER, are discussed in detail, emphasizing their roles in pathological processes, such as cardiac development, vascular remodeling, atherosclerosis, and fibrosis. These eRNAs interact with transcription factors and others to influence cardiovascular gene regulatory networks. Advances in high-throughput sequencing have identified eRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CVDs, offering implications for diagnosis, treatment, and precision medicine. For instance, targeting CARMEN may attenuate atherosclerosis, while LEENE could address endothelial dysfunction. Despite their therapeutic potential, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying eRNAs function and their roles in CVD pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of eRNAs may pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
Association of Renal Impairment Severity with Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Infective Endocarditis.
Ng JY, Tan EF, Roy S … +4 more , Cho S, Tan TRY, Kemberi M, Awad WI
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40464179 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the association of renal impairment (RI) severity on short and mid-term outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS: Patients undergoi...
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the association of renal impairment (RI) severity on short and mid-term outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis (IE). METHODS: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery for IE between January 2010 and October 2022 were included. They were stratified based on preoperative renal function into four groups: Normal (N: Creatinine clearance (CrCl) >85 mL/min), moderate RI (M: CrCl 51-85 mL/min), severe RI (S: CrCl ≤50 mL/min), and haemodialysis-dependent (H). Each group was compared with group N. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 487 patients (N: 198; M: 154; S: 96; H: 39) were included. Mean age 55.92 ± 14.60 years, 375 (77%) males. Groups M, S, and H vs N demonstrated more atrial fibrillation [17 (11.0%), 20 (20.8%), 6 (15.4%) vs 8 (4.0%); p<0.05]. Groups S and H vs. N had increased incidence of left ventricular ejection fraction <50% [43 (44.8%), 22 (56.4%) vs 43 (21.7%); p<0.001] and preoperative cardiogenic shock [16 (16.7%), 13 (33.3%) vs 9 (4.5%); p<0.001]. The need for postoperative haemodialysis was 21 (13.6%) in M and 23 (23.0%) in S vs. 13 (6.6%) in N (p<0.05). In-hospital mortality was 13 (8.4%), 21 (21.9%), and 11 (28.2%) vs. 12 (6.1%) (p=0.388, <0.001, <0.001), and mortality at a mean of 69.1months was 49 (31.8%), 46 (46.9%), 30 (76.9%) vs. 49 (24.7%) (p=0.142, <0.001, <0.001) in groups M, S, H vs. N, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of renal impairment in patients with IE undergoing surgery remains high. Early and mid-term outcomes of those with severe RI and haemodialysis dependence are significantly worse.
The Dilemma in the Management of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction, Sinus Rhythm and Left Ventricular Spontaneous Echo Contrast: A Narrative Review.
Alimi H, Tajik A
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40444621 · Full text
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that arises from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, resulting in previous characteristic symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and f...
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that arises from structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood, resulting in previous characteristic symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and fluid retention. Among the complications of heart failure is the development of spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), characterized by a smoke-resembling appearance on echocardiograms, which indicates blood stasis in heart chambers. Despite being identified as an echocardiographic marker in the left atrium that correlates with thrombus formation and causes thromboembolic events, the clinical importance of left ventricular spontaneous echo contrast (LV-SEC) and the appropriate management for patients with this condition remain uncertain due to insufficient data. Anticoagulant therapy is generally recommended for patients with established left ventricular thrombus (LVT). However, for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and sinus rhythm (SR), as a result of a decrease in thromboembolic events over time, it is typically not recommended. The main challenge lies in assessing the thromboembolic risk and determining appropriate management in patients with HFrEF, sinus rhythm (SR), and left ventricular spontaneous echo contrast (LV-SEC), compared to those with left ventricular thrombus (LVT) and those with HFrEF and SR without LV-SEC. The aim of this paper is to review the guidelines and trials on clinical characteristics, outcomes, and management of patients with LV-SEC and compare the suggested management with the established management for LVT and HF patients with sinus rhythm without LV-SEC.
Predicting Coronary Artery Lesion Severity using Pulse Wave Harmonics: A SYNTAX Score-based Study.
Li H, Chen B, Wang G … +2 more , Wang Y, Yang Y
Curr Cardiol Rev · 2026 · PMID 40396324 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the differences in pulse wave harmonic indices between the left and right hands and the SYNTAX score and to explore the potential of pulse wave harmon...
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the differences in pulse wave harmonic indices between the left and right hands and the SYNTAX score and to explore the potential of pulse wave harmonics in predicting the degree of coronary artery lesions. METHODS: The arterial pressure wave signals from both hands of the patients scheduled for coronary angiography were recorded using photoplethysmography. According to the "visceral resonance theory", taking integer multiples of the heartbeat from 0 to 11 as the resonance frequencies, the collected arterial pressure waves were decomposed into the 0th to 11th harmonics via the Fourier transform method. The harmonic characteristics were quantified by amplitude (Cn), phase (Pn), and energy (Dn) (n is the harmonic serial number), and the coefficient of variation of the indices was calculated and suffixed as CV. The difference between the measured values of the left- and right-hand parameters of the same patient was calculated (ΔCn, ΔPn, ΔDn, ΔCnCV, ΔPnCV), and the absolute value of the difference was obtained (|ΔCn|, |ΔPn|, |ΔDn|, |ΔCnCV|, |ΔPnCV|). Based on the coronary angiography imaging data, SYNTAX scores were computed for all participants, who were stratified by gender into male and female cohorts. For each group, logistic regression models were established with SYNTAX scoreΔ22 as the dependent variable, and harmonic index differences as the independent variables. To determine the best prediction model, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used and model with the lowest score was selected. Finally, the discriminant ability of the prediction model was evaluated using the ROC curve analysis and the Bootstrap internal validation method. RESULTS: A total of 348 patients were included, with 249 males and 99 females. In the male group, the discriminant model was based on |ΔC10|, ΔD6, |ΔD9|, |ΔD10|, |ΔP8|, |ΔP10|, ΔP1CV, and ΔC9CV, with the minimum AIC value of 105.47, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.89, and the average AUC of 0.85 in the Bootstrap internal validation. In the female group, the discriminant model was based on |ΔD2|, |ΔD3|, |ΔD5|, |ΔD6|, |ΔD9|, |ΔC2CV|, |ΔC4CV|, |ΔC5CV|, | ΔC6CV|, and |ΔC9CV|, with the minimum AIC value of 59.34. The AUC of the ROC curve of this prediction model was 0.92, and the average AUC in the Bootstrap internal validation was 0.84. DISCUSSION: In this study, the degree of coronary artery occlusion was evaluated through a noninvasive method combined with the SYNTAX score, providing a valuable noninvasive tool for clinical evaluation of CAD. This detection method is easy to operate, has high repeatability, and the equipment is small in size, making it suitable for various environments, it can be operated independently by the patients. Yet, the current study, being cross-sectional, only found an association rather than a causal relationship, calling for future prospective studies to clarify the causal link. CONCLUSION: The different characteristics of pulse wave harmonics between the left and right hands can effectively reflect the degree of coronary artery lesions. Through the analysis of pulse wave harmonics, a diagnostic model with good discriminant ability for predicting the degree of coronary artery lesions can be constructed, which may offer a valuable non-invasive tool for the clinical assessment of CAD.
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