Journal Of Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology[JOURNAL]
Sun
168 papers
Stimulus-responsive metal-phenolic network nanomaterials for treating bacterial infections.
Su XZ, Huang LH, Lin T … +5 more , Wu Y, He XL, Liao YZ, Wei S, Huang J
Nanotechnology · 2026 Jun · PMID 42229487 · Publisher ↗
Bacterial infections, along with the associated issues of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, have become major threats to global public health. Given the serious limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments...
Bacterial infections, along with the associated issues of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, have become major threats to global public health. Given the serious limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, including short half-lives, poor targeting, a high risk of adverse effects, and the induction of antibiotic resistance, the development of novel alternative therapies is urgently needed. In recent years, stimulus-responsive nanoplatforms that leverage the site-specific microenvironment of the infection site in conjunction with exogenous stimuli have garnered significant attention for their ability to provide multiple synergistic antimicrobial benefits. Among these, metal-phenolic networks (MPNs) have emerged as an ideal platform for constructing novel smart antimicrobial materials due to their exceptional biocompatibility, highly tunable coordination structures, and intelligent stimulus-responsive properties. This paper systematically reviews the structural characteristics and biosafety fundamentals of MPNs and delves into their multidimensional antimicrobial mechanisms that transcend traditional single-target approaches. Additionally, it comprehensively summarizes the latest advancements in antimicrobial applications of MPNs triggered by both endogenous stimuli (e.g. pH, ROS, enzymes) and exogenous stimuli (e.g. light, electricity, thermo). Finally, with a focus on clinical translation, this paper provides a thorough analysis of the significant challenges and future prospects facing stimulus-responsive MPNs, aiming to offer theoretical foundations and research insights for the design of next-generation precision anti-infective nanomedicines.
Calcite nanoparticles as advanced, pH-responsive platforms for cancer therapy: a comprehensive and critical review.
Sharan Sriwastava AM, Pratima K, Singh A … +1 more , Kumar M
Nanotechnology · 2026 Jun · PMID 42150571 · Publisher ↗
Nanomedicine offers powerful opportunities to overcome the pharmacokinetic and microenvironmental limitations of conventional chemotherapy, particularly in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Among emerging nanocarriers,...
Nanomedicine offers powerful opportunities to overcome the pharmacokinetic and microenvironmental limitations of conventional chemotherapy, particularly in aggressive breast cancer subtypes. Among emerging nanocarriers, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles (NPs), have gained prominence owing to their excellent biocompatibility, full biodegradability into endogenous ions, low-cost fabrication, and intrinsic pH-responsiveness to the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment. Stable at physiological pH yet dissolving under tumor and endo/lysosomal acidity, these platforms enable site-specific release of chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids and photosensitizers (PSs) while buffering extracellular acidosis that drives chemoresistance and immune evasion. This review synthesizes advances in CaCONP design, covering precipitation-, carbonation-, gas-diffusion-, emulsion- and polymer-mediated routes, and links process parameters to polymorph control, morphology, surface functionalization and drug-loading behavior relevant for tumor targeting. We critically discuss preclinical applications in monotherapy and multimodal regimens, including chemo-photodynamic and gene-immunotherapy strategies, with emphasis on breast cancer models where enhanced permeability and retention and active targeting are exploited to improve intratumoral accumulation and therapeutic index. In addition, we highlight theranostic CaCOconstructs that integrate imaging capabilities for real-time tracking of biodistribution and treatment response, and outline translational challenges in scale-up, stability, safety and regulation. Finally, we discuss how artificial intelligence-guided formulation and design frameworks could accelerate clinical translation of calcite-based nanomedicines for precision oncology.
Magnetic nanoparticle contrast agents for MRI: structure-property relationships,applications, and future theranostic directions.
Rezaei B, Mostufa S, Mercedes Paz González K … +5 more , Azizi E, Li C, Gómez-Pastora J, He R, Wu K
Nanotechnology · 2026 Mar · PMID 41791128 · Full text
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality that provides high-resolution images of internal organs such as the breast, brain, and cardiovascular system, enabling three-dimensiona...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging modality that provides high-resolution images of internal organs such as the breast, brain, and cardiovascular system, enabling three-dimensional visualization of soft tissues. While MRI offers excellent soft tissue contrast, its sensitivity can be further enhanced using contrast agents, and many clinical applications rely on exogenous agents to improve detection and diagnostic accuracy. Two primary classes are used clinically: paramagnetic substances, exemplified by gadolinium (Gd), which predominantly shorten longitudinal () relaxation, and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which exert strong effects on transverse () relaxation. The performance and safety of these agents are strongly influenced by their pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, including rapid recognition and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, which can both enable liver-spleen imaging and limit target-specific contrast in other organs. In this review, we first summarize the fundamental principles of MRI contrast generation, with an emphasis on relaxation mechanisms relevant to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). We then discuss the use of MNPs as contrast agents in representative biomedical applications, focusing on cardiac, breast, and brain MRI and illustrating how organ-specific physiology constrains nanoparticle design and performance. Finally, we examine biocompatibility and safety considerations for both Gd-based agents and SPIONs, highlighting current regulatory concerns, open questions regarding long-term toxicity, and key challenges that must be addressed to translate next-generation nanoparticle-based MRI contrast agents into routine clinical practice.
Engineering targeted carbon dots: a multifaceted approach to overcoming biological barriers in precision nanomedicine.
He Q
Nanotechnology · 2025 Dec · PMID 41285047 · Publisher ↗
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) represent a promising class of carbon nanomaterials exhibiting excellent optical stability, minimal toxicity, outstanding biocompatibility, and facile surface modification, rendering them id...
Fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) represent a promising class of carbon nanomaterials exhibiting excellent optical stability, minimal toxicity, outstanding biocompatibility, and facile surface modification, rendering them ideal for diverse biomedical applications. However, designing CDs with efficient targeting capabilities for precise delivery to disease sites remains a significant challenge. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the design strategies for targeted CDs, focusing on methods for achieving specific and accurate accumulation in tissues, organs, cells, organelles, and biomolecules. The versatile surface chemistry of CDs, including functional groups and carbon sites, facilitates the development of diverse structures, enabling active targeting through surface modification with targeting ligands, retention of targeting moieties, or utilization of endogenous proteins for targeting purposes. These strategies enhance the specificity and efficacy of CDs for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, thereby advancing their potential for precise medical interventions. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on elucidating the structure-performance relationship of targeted CDs. Furthermore, the rational construction strategies offer valuable guidance for advancing the development of targeted nanomedicines and their biomedical applications.
Metal-phenolic network-enhanced curcumin nanoparticles for synergistic antibacterial and wound healing therapy.
Mu X, Zhang Q, Zhang M … +9 more , Zhang S, Zhao W, Song X, Wang X, Pan L, Zhao Q, Qiang Q, Zhao X, Li Y
Nanotechnology · 2025 Jun · PMID 40474848 · Publisher ↗
To develop a multifunctional curcumin-based self-assembled nanomedicine for antibacterial purposes and to provide substantial support for the development of novel multifunctional antibacterial agents, thereby mitigating...
To develop a multifunctional curcumin-based self-assembled nanomedicine for antibacterial purposes and to provide substantial support for the development of novel multifunctional antibacterial agents, thereby mitigating the challenges posed by bacterial infections. Self-assembled curcumin nanoparticles (Cur NPs) were synthesized via solvent evaporation. Caffeic acid (CA) and iron ions were then reacted under mildly alkaline conditions (pH 8.0) to form metal-phenolic networks (MPNs), which were coated onto the Cur NPs (Cur@MPN). Efficient antibacterial performance is achieved by multifunctional Cur@MPN through spatiotemporally synergistic integration of photothermal therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and drug treatment. The results obtained from TEM, UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and XPS confirmed the successful preparation of a multifunctional nano-antibacterial material, Cur@MPN, by modifying Cur NPs with MPNs through a coordination reaction between CA and iron ions. Cur@MPN exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (64.1%), pH-dependent hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation, and glutathione consumption. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Cur@MPN againstandwas 100g mland 120g ml, respectively, under the synergistic effect of multiple modalities.studies suggested that Cur@MPN accelerates wound healing by promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition. These findings suggest that Cur@MPN is a promising innovative multifunctional self-assembled nanomaterial with considerable potential for antibacterial therapy and wound healing.
Tumor microenvironment-responsive diagnosis and treatment of integrated drug-loaded CdTe quantum dots for treatment tumors.
Su J, Yan T, Zhang X … +2 more , Yan T, Wang Z
Nanotechnology · 2025 May · PMID 40345213 · Publisher ↗
The acidic tumor microenvironment is a common feature of tumors, and boric acid-functionalized quantum dots (BA-QDs) exhibit pH-sensitive boron affinity effects and fluorescence emission characteristics. In this study, C...
The acidic tumor microenvironment is a common feature of tumors, and boric acid-functionalized quantum dots (BA-QDs) exhibit pH-sensitive boron affinity effects and fluorescence emission characteristics. In this study, CdTe QDs were prepared using the water phase synthesis method. Additionally, BA-QDs were prepared by modifying QDs with 4-mercaptophenylboric acid. Hesperetin, baicalein, quercetin, and other model drugs were used, with QDs and BA-QDs serving as carriers, to create a drug-loaded system of QDs with tumor microenvironment-responsive drug release performance. The physical and chemical properties were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, etc. Our findings showed that the synthesis of drug-loaded QDs with a uniform particle size was successful. The experiments involved studying the adsorption kinetics of the QDs and the degree of dissolution of the drug-loaded QDs. BA-QDs exhibited pH-responsive drug release and fluorescence emission properties.cell experiments were conducted to examine the uptake and imaging effects of QDs and BA-QDs at the cell level. The results showed that both QDs and BA-QDs exhibited effective imaging at the cell level. Moreover, the three drug-loaded BA-QDs inhibited HepG2 cancer cells by about 80%, indicating a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells. Here, we developed a universal new technology for tumor diagnosis and treatment, provided innovative approaches for targeted cancer diagnosis and treatment, and broadened the application scope of nanofluorescence technology.
Advances in targeted therapy for inflammatory breast cancer: nanomaterials, conventional treatments, and clinical applications.
Bhattacharya E, Shaw S, Nayak R … +1 more , Bose S
Nanotechnology · 2025 May · PMID 40294602 · Publisher ↗
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) presents a formidable challenge due to its rapid progression and unique clinical characteristics within the various manifestations of breast cancer. Despite being rare, its aggressive nat...
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) presents a formidable challenge due to its rapid progression and unique clinical characteristics within the various manifestations of breast cancer. Despite being rare, its aggressive nature demands innovative approaches beyond conventional treatments. Nanomedicine offers exciting possibilities for improving all types of breast cancer therapeutics including IBC. In this review, we critically assess the current treatment landscape for IBC, highlighting the limitations of traditional methods and addressing the pressing need for new therapeutic strategies. Although many nanomaterials have been explored for breast cancer therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other therapies, only a limited number of nanotherapeutics have been extensively studied for IBC treatment. This review further explores how advancements in nanotechnology, such as nanoparticle- mediated photothermal therapy, Photodynamic therapy, and nanomedicinal targeted therapies can offer novel avenues for addressing the unique biological, technological, and regulatory challenges posed by IBC. IBC-related various nanomedicines based combinatorial therapies are highlighted in this review. It also provides a forward-looking perspective on key research directions and clinical applications.
Roadmap on magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine.
Wu K, Wang JP, Natekar NA … +39 more , Ciannella S, González-Fernández C, Gomez-Pastora J, Bao Y, Liu J, Liang S, Wu X, Nguyen T Tran L, Mercedes Paz González K, Choe H, Strayer J, Iyer PR, Chalmers J, Chugh VK, Rezaei B, Mostufa S, Tay ZW, Saayujya C, Huynh Q, Bryan J, Kuo R, Yu E, Chandrasekharan P, Fellows B, Conolly S, Hadimani RL, El-Gendy AA, Saha R, Broomhall TJ, Wright AL, Rotherham M, El Haj AJ, Wang Z, Liang J, Abad-Díaz-de-Cerio A, Gandarias L, Gubieda AG, García-Prieto A, Fdez-Gubieda ML
Nanotechnology · 2024 Nov · PMID 39395441 · Full text
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of small particles typically with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These nanoparticles are composed of magnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, or their...
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a class of small particles typically with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These nanoparticles are composed of magnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, or their alloys. The nanoscale size of MNPs gives them unique physicochemical (physical and chemical) properties not found in their bulk counterparts. Their versatile nature and unique magnetic behavior make them valuable in a wide range of scientific, medical, and technological fields. Over the past decade, there has been a significant surge in MNP-based applications spanning biomedical uses, environmental remediation, data storage, energy storage, and catalysis. Given their magnetic nature and small size, MNPs can be manipulated and guided using external magnetic fields. This characteristic is harnessed in biomedical applications, where these nanoparticles can be directed to specific targets in the body for imaging, drug delivery, or hyperthermia treatment. Herein, this roadmap offers an overview of the current status, challenges, and advancements in various facets of MNPs. It covers magnetic properties, synthesis, functionalization, characterization, and biomedical applications such as sample enrichment, bioassays, imaging, hyperthermia, neuromodulation, tissue engineering, and drug/gene delivery. However, as MNPs are increasingly explored forapplications, concerns have emerged regarding their cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and degradation, prompting attention from both researchers and clinicians. This roadmap aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the evolving landscape of MNP research.
Oxidative stress-modifying effects of TiOnanoparticles with varying content of Ti(Ti) ions.
Kireev V, Bespalova I, Prokopiuk V … +9 more , Maksimchuk P, Hubenko K, Grygorova G, Demchenko L, Onishchenko A, Tryfonyuk L, Tomchuk O, Tkachenko A, Yefimova S
Nanotechnology · 2024 Oct · PMID 39315467 · Publisher ↗
Nanoparticles (NPs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulating ability have recently attracted great attention as promising agents for nanomedicine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of TiOdefect stru...
Nanoparticles (NPs) with reactive oxygen species (ROS)-regulating ability have recently attracted great attention as promising agents for nanomedicine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of TiOdefect structure related to the presence of stoichiometric (Ti) and non-stoichiometric (Tiand Ti) titanium ions in the crystal lattice and TiONPs aggregation ability on HO- and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH)-induced ROS production in L929 cells. Synthesized TiO-A, TiO-B, and TiO-C NPs with varying Ti(Ti) content were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle x-ray scattering, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy methods. Given the role of ROS-mediated toxicity for metal oxide NPs, L929 cell viability and changes in the intracellular ROS levels in HO- and tBOOH-treated L929 cells incubated with TiONPs have been evaluated. Our research shows that both the amount of non-stoichiometric Tiand Tiions in the crystal lattice of TiONPs and NPs aggregative behavior affect their catalytic activity, in particular, HOdecomposition and, consequently, the efficiency of aggravating HO- and tBOOH-induced oxidative damage to L929 cells. TiO-A NPs reveal the strongest HOdecomposition activity aligning with their less pronounced additional effects on HO-treated L929 cells due to the highest amount of Ti(Ti) ions. TiO-C NPs with smaller amounts of Tiions and a tendency to aggregate in water solutions show lower antioxidant activity and, consequently, some elevation of the level of ROS in H2O2/tBOOH-treated L929 cells. Our findings suggest that synthesized TiONPs capable of enhancing ROS generation at concentrations non-toxic for normal cells, which should be further investigated to assess their possible application in nanomedicine as ROS-regulating pharmaceutical agents.
Bacteria-responsive drug release platform for the local treatment of bacterial vaginosis.
Feng C, Sun C, Ho EA
Nanotechnology · 2024 Sep · PMID 39163877 · Publisher ↗
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection affecting millions of women. Vaginal anaerobic dysbiosis occurs whenspp., the dominant flora in healthy vagina is replaced by certain overgrown anaerobes, resulting...
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection affecting millions of women. Vaginal anaerobic dysbiosis occurs whenspp., the dominant flora in healthy vagina is replaced by certain overgrown anaerobes, resulting in unpleasant symptoms such as vaginal discharge and odor. With a high recurrence rate, BV also severely impacts the overall quality of life of childbearing women by inducing preterm delivery and increasing the risks of pelvic inflammatory disease and sexually transmitted infections. Among various BV-associated bacteria,() has been identified as a primary pathogen since it has been isolated from almost all women carrying BV and exhibits higher virulence potential over other bacteria. When dealing with BV relapse, intravaginal drug delivery systems are superior to conventional oral antibiotic therapies in improving therapeutic efficacy owing to more effective drug dose, reduced drug resistance and minimized side effects such as stomach irritation. Traditional intravaginal drug administration generally involves solids, semi-solids and delivery devices inserted into the vaginal lumen to achieve sustained drug release. However, they are mostly designed for continuous drug release and are not preventative therapies, resulting in severe side effects caused by excess dosing. Stimuli-responsive systems that can release drug only when needed ('on-demand') can help diminish these negative side effects. Hence, we developed a bacteria-responsive liposomal platform for the prevention and treatment of BV. This platform demonstrated sustained drug release in the presence of vaginolysin, a toxin secreted specifically by. We prepared four liposome formulations and evaluated their responsiveness to. The results demonstrated that the liposome formulations could achieve cumulative drug release ranging from 46.7% to 51.8% over a 3-5 d period in response toand hardly any drug release in the presence of(), indicating the high specificity of the system. Overall, the bacteria-responsive drug release platform has great potential, since it will be the first time to realize sustained drug release stimulated by a specific pathogen for BV prevention and treatment. This on-demand therapy can potentially provide relief to the millions of women affected by BV.
Leukocyte-based delivery systems for enhanced nanotheranostics of inflammation and cancer.
Li H, Song F, Chu Y … +3 more , Su W, Li X, Yang M
Nanotechnology · 2024 Sep · PMID 39146955 · Publisher ↗
As a part of the immune system, leukocytes (LEs) have the features of circumvention of immunogenicity as well as recruitment to sites of inflammation during infection and tumorigenesis. Utilizing LEs as vehicles to carry...
As a part of the immune system, leukocytes (LEs) have the features of circumvention of immunogenicity as well as recruitment to sites of inflammation during infection and tumorigenesis. Utilizing LEs as vehicles to carry theranostic agents is a promising strategy for highly efficient targeted delivery and treatment for inflammation and cancer. Specifically, the LEs, similar to 'Trojan horses', can bypass the immune system and thus enhance the therapeutic effects on inflammation and cancer. In this context, the latest progress of LEs-based delivery systems for improving theranostics of inflammations and cancers is summarized, includingincubation andinternalization strategy. Although the therapeutic efficacy of LEs-based delivery systems has been achieved, the system construction is complex and the effect is not fulfilling demand completely. Encouragingly, a most recent work reported that the supramolecular arrangement of proteins on the nanocarriers would drive them to be selectively uptaken by neutrophils, opening a new avenue for diagnosis and treatment of inflammation. Moreover, enucleated cells are considered as the biomimetic drug delivery vehicle to retain the organelles for a range of diseases in a safe, controllable and effective manner. These novel findings provide more opportunities for researchers to rethink and redesign the LEs-based delivery systems to overcome existing limitations and broaden their usage, especially in clinical medicine.
Advances in metal-organic framework-based nanozymes in ROS scavenging medicine.
Xu Z, Chen L, Luo Y … +5 more , Wei YM, Wu NY, Luo LF, Wei YB, Huang J
Nanotechnology · 2024 Jun · PMID 38865988 · Publisher ↗
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in regulating various physiological functions in the human body, however, excessive ROS can cause serious damage to the human body, considering the various limitations o...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in regulating various physiological functions in the human body, however, excessive ROS can cause serious damage to the human body, considering the various limitations of natural enzymes as scavengers of ROS in the body, the development of better materials for the scavenging of ROS is of great significance to the biomedical field, and nanozymes, as a kind of nanomaterials which can show the activity of natural enzymes. Have a good potential for the development in the area of ROS scavenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous crystalline materials with a periodic network structure composed of metal nodes and organic ligands, have been developed with a variety of active nanozymes including catalase-like, superoxide dismutase-like, and glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes due to the adjustability of active sites, structural diversity, excellent biocompatibility, and they have shown a wide range of applications and prospects. In the present review, we first introduce three representative natural enzymes for ROS scavenging in the human body, methods for the detection of relevant enzyme-like activities and mechanisms of enzyme-like clearance are discussed, meanwhile, we systematically summarize the progress of the research on MOF-based nanozymes, including the design strategy, mechanism of action, and medical application, etc. Finally, the current challenges of MOF-based nanozymes are summarized, and the future development direction is anticipated. We hope that this review can contribute to the research of MOF-based nanozymes in the medical field related to the scavenging of ROS.
Apoptotic bodies encapsulating TiN nanosheets for synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy.
Yang K, Ren D, Wang Z … +4 more , Dong Q, Xu M, Wang T, Wang Z
Nanotechnology · 2024 Jun · PMID 38861968 · Publisher ↗
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential in oncology drug delivery because of their unique biological origin. Apoptotic bodies (ABs), as a member of the EV family, offer distinct advantages in terms of size, ava...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have great potential in oncology drug delivery because of their unique biological origin. Apoptotic bodies (ABs), as a member of the EV family, offer distinct advantages in terms of size, availability and membrane properties, but have been neglected for a long time. Here, using ABs and TiN nanosheets, we propose a novel drug delivery system (TiN-DOX@ABs), which exhibit a homologous targeting ability for dual-strategy tumor therapy with intrinsic biological property. The experimental results demonstrate that such a drug delivery system possesses a drug loading capacity of 496.5% and a near-infrared photothermal conversion efficiency of 38.4%. In addition, the investigation of drug internalization process proved that TiN-DOX@ABs featured a supreme biocompatibility. Finally, the dual-strategy response based on photothermal and chemotherapeutic effects was studied under near-infrared laser radiation. This work explores the opportunity of apoptosome membranes in nanomedicine systems, which provides a technical reference for cancer-oriented precision medicine research.
ROS-responsive celastrol-nanomedicine alleviates inflammation for dry eye disease.
Cui B, Zhang N, Zhang W … +6 more , Ning Q, Wang X, Feng H, Liu R, Li Z, Li J
Nanotechnology · 2024 Jun · PMID 38829163 · Publisher ↗
Dry eye disease (DED) is a major global eye disease leading to severe eye discomfort and even vision impairment. The incidence of DED has been gradually increasing with the high frequency of use of electronic devices. It...
Dry eye disease (DED) is a major global eye disease leading to severe eye discomfort and even vision impairment. The incidence of DED has been gradually increasing with the high frequency of use of electronic devices. It has been demonstrated that celastrol (Cel) has excellent therapeutic efficacy in ocular disorders. However, the poor water solubility and short half-life of Cel limit its further therapeutic applications. In this work, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive polymeric micelle was fabricated for Cel delivery. The micelles improve the solubility of Cel, and the resulting Cel loaded micelles exhibit an enhanced intervention effect for DED. Theresults demonstrated that Cel-nanomedicine had a marked ROS responsive release behavior. The results ofandexperiments demonstrated that Cel has excellent biological activities to alleviate inflammation in DED by inhibiting TLR4 signaling activation and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Therefore, the Cel nanomedicine can effectively eliminate ocular inflammation, promote corneal epithelial repair, and restore the number of goblet cells and tear secretion, providing a new option for the treatment of DED.
FeOSPIONs in cancer theranostics-structure versus interactions with proteins and methods of their investigation.
Sikorski J, Matczuk M, Stępień M … +3 more , Ogórek K, Ruzik L, Jarosz M
Nanotechnology · 2024 Mar · PMID 38387086 · Publisher ↗
As the second leading cause of death worldwide, neoplastic diseases are one of the biggest challenges for public health care. Contemporary medicine seeks potential tools for fighting cancer within nanomedicine, as variou...
As the second leading cause of death worldwide, neoplastic diseases are one of the biggest challenges for public health care. Contemporary medicine seeks potential tools for fighting cancer within nanomedicine, as various nanomaterials can be used for both diagnostics and therapies. Among those of particular interest are superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), due to their unique magnetic properties,. However, while the number of new SPIONs, suitably modified and functionalized, designed for medical purposes, has been gradually increasing, it has not yet been translated into the number of approved clinical solutions. The presented review covers various issues related to SPIONs of potential theranostic applications. It refers to structural considerations (the nanoparticle core, most often used modifications and functionalizations) and the ways of characterizing newly designed nanoparticles. The discussion about the phenomenon of protein corona formation leads to the conclusion that the scarcity of proper tools to investigate the interactions between SPIONs and human serum proteins is the reason for difficulties in introducing them into clinical applications. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanism behind the protein corona formation, as it has a crucial impact on the effectiveness of designed SPIONs in the physiological environment.
Self-amplified activatable nanoprodrugs for enhanced chemodynamic/chemo combination therapy.
He X, Liu M, Du M … +5 more , Huang Y, Xu P, Xie C, Fan Q, Zhou W
Nanotechnology · 2024 Feb · PMID 38262050 · Publisher ↗
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has gained increasing attention by virtue of its high tumor specificity and low side effect. However, the low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HO) in the tumor site suppresses the therapeuti...
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has gained increasing attention by virtue of its high tumor specificity and low side effect. However, the low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (HO) in the tumor site suppresses the therapeutic efficacy of CDT. To improve the efficacy, introducing other kind of therapeutic modality is a feasible choice. Herein, we develop a self-amplified activatable nanomedicine (PCPTH NP) for chemodynamic/chemo combination therapy. PCPTH NP is composed of a HO-activatable amphiphilic prodrug PEG-PCPT and hemin. Upon addition of HO, the oxalate linkers within PCPTH NP are cleaved, which makes the simultaneous release of CPT and hemin. The released CPT can not only kill cancer cells but also upregulate the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The elevated ROS level may accelerate the release of drugs and enhance the CDT efficacy. PCPTH NP shows a HOconcentration dependent release profile, and can effectively catalyze HOinto hydroxyl radical (·OH) under acidic condition. Compared with PCPT NP without hemin, PCPTH NP has better anticancer efficacy bothandwith high biosafety. Thus, our study provides an effective approach to improve the CDT efficacy with high tumor specificity.
CaOnanomedicines: a review of their emerging roles in cancer therapy.
He C, Zhang S, Liu X … +4 more , Wang J, Huang Y, Zhang A, Zhang X
Nanotechnology · 2023 Sep · PMID 37619542 · Publisher ↗
Metal peroxide-based nanomedicines have emerged as promising theranostic agents for cancer due to their multifunctional properties, including the generation of bioactive small molecules such as metal ions, HO, O, and OH....
Metal peroxide-based nanomedicines have emerged as promising theranostic agents for cancer due to their multifunctional properties, including the generation of bioactive small molecules such as metal ions, HO, O, and OH. Among these metal peroxides, calcium peroxide (CaO) nanomedicines have attracted significant attention due to their facile synthesis and good biocompatibility. CaOnanoparticles have been explored for cancer treatment through three main mechanisms: (1) the release of O, which helps alleviate tumor hypoxia and enhances oxygen-dependent therapies such as chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy; (2) the generation of HO, a precursor for ·OH generation, which enables cancer chemodynamic therapy; and (3) the release of Caions, which induce calcium overload and promote cell apoptosis (called ion-interference therapy). This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent examples of CaOnanoparticle-based cancer therapeutic strategies, as well as discusses the challenges and future directions in the development of CaOnanomedicines for cancer treatment.
Dodecylation of molybdenum disulfide and its electrochemical properties for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Song Y, Yang D, Li Y … +8 more , Tian S, Deng Q, Liu R, Wang Z, Wang X, Hu H, Wang Y, Zhao J
Nanotechnology · 2023 Sep · PMID 37595571 · Publisher ↗
Functionalization of MoSwas achieved by treatment in a strongly reducing sodium naphthalene solution. Dodecyl was grafted onto MoSnanosheets using alkyl sulphates as electrophiles to obtain dodecylated MoSwithout affecti...
Functionalization of MoSwas achieved by treatment in a strongly reducing sodium naphthalene solution. Dodecyl was grafted onto MoSnanosheets using alkyl sulphates as electrophiles to obtain dodecylated MoSwithout affecting the MoScrystalline structure. Superior electrocatalytic properties are obtained for dodecylated MoS. The polarisation curve of this nanomaterial remained constant even after 1000 consecutive cycles. This route provides a new pathway for covalent functionalization of MoSand might find a variety of applications, such as electrocatalysts.
All-printed multiplexed electrocatalytic biosensors with rationally designed nanoparticle inks.
Li X, Yang M, Rao A … +8 more , Su Y, Yang T, Ye Y, Wang J, Pan S, Chen F, Wang B, Luo Z
Nanotechnology · 2023 May · PMID 37156233 · Publisher ↗
Inkjet printing, capable of rapid and template-free fabrication with high resolution and low material waste, is a promising method to construct electrochemical biosensor devices. However, the construction of fully inkjet...
Inkjet printing, capable of rapid and template-free fabrication with high resolution and low material waste, is a promising method to construct electrochemical biosensor devices. However, the construction of fully inkjet-printed electrochemical biosensor remains a challenge owing to the lack of appropriate inks, especially the sensing inks of bioactive materials. Herein, we demonstrate a fully inkjet-printed, integrated and multiplexed electrochemical biosensor by combining rationally designed nanoparticle Inks. The stable gold (Au) nanoparticles ink with lower sintering temperature is prepared by using L-cysteine as stabilizer, and it is used to print the interconnects, the counter electrodes, and the working electrodes. The SU-8 ink is used to serve as dielectric layer for the biosensor, whereas the silver electrode is printed on the Au electrode by using commercially silver nanoparticles ink before it is chlorinated to prepare Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Moreover, we synthesize an inkjet-printable and electroactive ink, by the 'one-pot method', which is composed of conductive poly 6-aminoindole (PIn-6-NH) and gold-palladium (Au-Pd) alloy nanoparticle (Au-Pd@PIn-6-NH) to enhance the sensing performance of gold electrode towards hydrogen peroxide (HO). Especially, the amino groups in PIn-6-NHcan be further used to immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) and lactic acid oxidase (LOx) by glutaraldehyde to prepare printable sensing ink for the detection of glucose and lactate. The fully inkjet-printed electrochemical biosensor enabled by advanced inks can simultaneously detect glucose and lactate with good sensitivity and selectivity, as well as facile and scalable fabrication, showing great promise for metabolic monitoring.
Multifunctional ZnO nanostructures: a next generation nanomedicine for cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, bioimaging, and tissue regeneration.
Gupta J, Hassan PA, Barick KC
Nanotechnology · 2023 May · PMID 37044078 · Publisher ↗
Zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnO NSs) are one of the most versatile and promising metal oxides having significant importance in biomedical fields, especially for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. ZnO possesses unique ph...
Zinc oxide nanostructures (ZnO NSs) are one of the most versatile and promising metal oxides having significant importance in biomedical fields, especially for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. ZnO possesses unique physio-chemical and biological properties such as photo-chemical stability, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, higher targeting capability, and ROS-triggered cytotoxicity. These ZnO NSs have enhanced potential for various biomedical applications such as cancer therapy, drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, etc. Furthermore, ZnO possesses excellent luminescent properties that make it useful for bioimaging and image-guided targeted drug delivery, thereby reducing the unwanted side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Besides, these characteristics, enhanced permeability and retention effect, electrostatic interaction, ROS production, and pH-dependent dissolution of ZnO also make it potential aspirant as therapeutic that are suggested as key parameters for cytotoxic and cell death mechanismsapoptosis, autophagy, and mitophagy mechanisms. Here, the recent progress and advances of ZnO NSs in bioimaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering are discussed along with the advantages, limitations, and future advancement for biological applications.
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