Casopis Lekaru Ceskych[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Change in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in Czech seven-year-old children between 2008 and 2019.
Metelcová T, Zamrazilová H, Procházka B … +2 more , Braunerová RT, Kunešová M
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37923562
World Health Organization (WHO) Europe organizes Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), in which the Czech Republic participates since the beginning. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of ove...
World Health Organization (WHO) Europe organizes Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI), in which the Czech Republic participates since the beginning. The aim of this project is to monitor the prevalence of overweight and obesity of 7-year-old children in the Czech Republic. Data were obtained from 2349 children examined by 72 pediatricians across the Czech Republic. Anthropometric parameters were measured and subjects filled questionnaire. The prevalence of obesity and overweight did not change significantly between 2008 and 2019. Although in the fifth round in 2019, the prevalence of obesity increased and the prevalence of overweight slightly decreased in both sexes. In 2019 6.09 % of boys and 7.12 % of girl had overweight. The prevalence of obesity in the fifth round was 9.26 % in boys and 8.64 % in girls (assessed according to the Czech reference values). Already in the first round we noticed a relatively high prevalence of severe obesity (3.21 % for boys and 0.8 % for girls), which did not differ significantly between rounds. Even if the prevalence of overweight has not significantly increased until 2019, preventive and treatment programs are very important, because it is an important part of the prevention and early detection of obesity in children.
Biomarkers of aging - current state of knowledge.
Borský P, Holmannová D, Borská L … +7 more , Fiala Z, Hruška L, Esterková M, Párová H, Singh A, Počtová G, Kučera O
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37923561
Aging is a process of gradual decline in the functional capacity of the human body that leads to a significant increase in the risk of death over time. Although it is a process universal to all animals, its rate is not t...
Aging is a process of gradual decline in the functional capacity of the human body that leads to a significant increase in the risk of death over time. Although it is a process universal to all animals, its rate is not the same. Biomarkers of aging aim to better describe the aging process at the level of the individual, organ, tissue, or single cell. They are used to estimate the rate of aging and predict the probability of death. They are good indication of the current state of the organism and are more accurate in predicting a person's susceptibility to disease, its progression and the likelihood of complications and death. Simple biomarkers measure only one parameter or a narrow group of related parameters that have a known association with age, in human or in a laboratory model. They can be divided into molecular (based on features of aging), functional (describing decreasing functional capacity during aging) and anthropometric (describing structural changes). Composite biomarkers are the most comprehensive way of measuring biological age. They combine a large amount of data, which they evaluate using algorithms often based on artificial intelligence. The most widely used method for measuring biological age in composite biomarkers is the epigenetic clock. The aim of this article is to review the many existing markers of aging and describe their relationship to aging.
Assisted reproduction - principles, procedures, and their effectiveness.
Řežábek K, Moosová M, Jirsová S
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37923560
Assisted reproduction is an integral part of infertility treatment. The basic method is in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection into the oocyte, cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes and embryos i...
Assisted reproduction is an integral part of infertility treatment. The basic method is in vitro fertilisation (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection into the oocyte, cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes and embryos is also commonly used. The proportion of embryos tested with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) for chromosomal aneuploidy or defects in specific genes is increasing. The use of donated oocytes is also significant, particularly because of the depletion of ovarian reserve in women over 40 years of age. The effectiveness of treatment is always very fundamentally dependent on the age of the woman. Assisted reproductive treatment is very well available in the Czech Republic, as is fertility preservation by sperm/oocyte freezing.
Vlastimil Dostálek, MD - the founder of the ENT department in Nový Jičín - and his followers.
Kalivoda I, Večeřa P
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37734943
Vlastimil Dostálek was born on January 18th, 1910, in the village of Včelary. Within his university studies in Brno, he was interested in otorhinolaryngology and subsequent the graduating from the medical faculty of Masa...
Vlastimil Dostálek was born on January 18th, 1910, in the village of Včelary. Within his university studies in Brno, he was interested in otorhinolaryngology and subsequent the graduating from the medical faculty of Masaryk University, dr. Dostálek began to devote himself entirely to this field. He worked in various ENT departments led by important protagonists of his time. After the end of the Second World War, he was entrusted with building the ENT department in Nový Jičín, which he succeeded and led this department for over three decades until 1976 when he was dismantled for political reasons. Vlastimil Dostálek contributed to the development of the field in the entire district and educated many expert doctors, making him one of the prominent personalities of the Nový Jičín region. He died in 1988 at the age of 78.
Is abdominal pain after an injury just an injury? Case report of rare aspiration pneumonia with lung gangrene and peritoneal response in a 5-year-old child.
Hrubovčák J, Tulinský U, Ihnát P … +5 more , Jelínek P, Slívová I, Mitták M, Roman J, Stránský J
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37734942
Although pneumonia presents a relatively common diagnosis, it does not always present with classic clinical symptoms, nor does it follow a regular course without complications. The presented case describes a rare case of...
Although pneumonia presents a relatively common diagnosis, it does not always present with classic clinical symptoms, nor does it follow a regular course without complications. The presented case describes a rare case of aspiration necrotizing pneumonia, which despite intensive therapy, progressed to lung gangrene and required a lung lobectomy. Another peculiarity is that the correct diagnosis was established only after the onset of abdominal pain, surprisingly by a trauma surgeon. This case emphasizes the necessity of a thorough general examination and draws attention to a rare, but conservatively intractable necrotizing pneumonia complicated by lung gangrene.
Ethical aspects of tissue and organ transplantation.
Jedličková A
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37734941
Along with the development of medicine and new therapeutic methods, the options of tissue and organ transplantation are constantly evolving, which brings a whole range of ethical connotations. The paper presents the legi...
Along with the development of medicine and new therapeutic methods, the options of tissue and organ transplantation are constantly evolving, which brings a whole range of ethical connotations. The paper presents the legislative requirements and ethical principles that should be followed in transplant medicine, as well as their mutual connection. The article focuses on the ethical aspects which occur in connection with tissue and organ procurement and transplantation in everyday practice. The article also deals with modern methods that are currently being intensively developed and, in the future, could be helpful in solving contemporary issues in the field of transplantation. This concerns the ethical context of xenotransplantation, and the possibility of using artificial intelligence technologies for ethical decision-making in transplant medicine.
Therapeutic drug monitoring in psychiatry.
Češková E, Šilhán P
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37734940
In medicine, there are two main methods of improving the healthcare provided: perfecting (optimizing) the existing ones and seeking new treatment procedures. Despite of tremendous development in the central nervous syste...
In medicine, there are two main methods of improving the healthcare provided: perfecting (optimizing) the existing ones and seeking new treatment procedures. Despite of tremendous development in the central nervous system research, current treatment of severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia and depressive disorder, is suboptimal. Nowadays, optimization of treatment in psychiatry includes therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and pharmacogenomic testing, which examines genetic variation involved in medication metabolism and drug action. The TDM enables to determine drug concentrations in blood and adjust the dose accordingly if clinical effects correlate better with drug blood levels than drug doses. The first international guidelines for TDM in neuropsychopharmacology were published in 2004 and regularly updated. The recent update provides therapeutic reference ranges for a majority of commonly prescribed psychiatric medications and gives example of patients regularly treated in clinical practice profiting from TDM (using antipsychotics and changing their smoking habits). TDM in psychiatry is an underused tool, given its ability to optimize treatment, as well as to improve treatment effectiveness.
Hypoparathyroidism.
Sotorník R
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37734939
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disease caused by an absence or insufficient production of parathormone. Parathormone deficiency leads to lower serum calcium concentration that is responsible for patients' neuromu...
Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disease caused by an absence or insufficient production of parathormone. Parathormone deficiency leads to lower serum calcium concentration that is responsible for patients' neuromuscular symptoms. Conventional treatment consists of calcium and active vitamin D metabolites administration but doesn't constitute an adequate substitution of missing parathormone. Although the treatment substantially alleviates patients' troubles, chronic complications may develop because of hyperphosphatemia and conventional medication. Solution to this resides in recombinant parathormone administration, however the only one drug available is being now recalled from the market. The mainstay of hypoparathyroidism prevention is the judicious indication of total thyroidectomy representing the main cause of the disease.
Lung cancer prevention and prevention programs.
Tulinský L
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37734938
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Its high mortality is mainly due to diagnostic delays leading to detection of the disease at an advanced stage. Therefore, prevention plays a key r...
Lung cancer is the malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. Its high mortality is mainly due to diagnostic delays leading to detection of the disease at an advanced stage. Therefore, prevention plays a key role in improving the overall survival of patients. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current status of lung cancer prevention in the Czech Republic and to provide a comprehensive view of current prevention programs.
Who was Plénies?
Pastor J
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474298
Plénies sign is one of the main symptoms of peritoneal irritation reported in the Czech medical literature and used in clinical practice. However, it is not known who Plénies really was. The author reveals his identity w...
Plénies sign is one of the main symptoms of peritoneal irritation reported in the Czech medical literature and used in clinical practice. However, it is not known who Plénies really was. The author reveals his identity with the help of archival materials, registers and contemporary press, presents a key article and lecture in which this symptom is described, and provides a basic biography and bibliography of this forgotten physician.
Surgical drainage, the origins and where we are today.
Hrubovčák J, Tulinský U, Slívová I … +4 more , Jelínek P, Jalůvka F, Ostruszka P, Bialy U
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474297
The use of drains in surgery has a rich history. Since ancient times, drainage has experienced a long progress, and its development has continued all the way to the present era. Both the indications for drainage and the...
The use of drains in surgery has a rich history. Since ancient times, drainage has experienced a long progress, and its development has continued all the way to the present era. Both the indications for drainage and the material of surgical drains have changed over the last 2500 years. Indeed, drainage as we know today, was not always a practice so common or generally so well accepted, as it is today. The current concept of surgical drainage has witnessed not only periods of success, but also dead ends and mistakes of both science and medicine.
Hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple primary neoplasia, and their association with diabetes type 2.
Žabová L, Hříbek P, Klasová J … +2 more , Příhodová K, Urbánek P
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474296
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a frequent fatal complication of chronic liver diseases in the stage of liver cirrhosis. HCC develops at a higher rate in patients with type 2 di...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and a frequent fatal complication of chronic liver diseases in the stage of liver cirrhosis. HCC develops at a higher rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM2 is associated with an increased risk of developing malignant tumors. The term multiple primary neoplasia (MPN) is used to describe the occurrence of multiple primary tumors of different organs in the same individual. To the best of the authors knowledge, the topic of the association between HCC and MPN and DM2 has not been addressed in the Czech literature. Here we present the outcomes of retrospective statistical analysis of a cohort of patients with HCC who were dispensed at the Internal Medicine Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in the period 2011-2021 and the impact of DM2 and MPN on overall survival (OS). MPNs are relatively common in patients with HCC. The occurrence of MPNs in our cohort was associated with DM2 in half of the cases. Median OS in HCC patients was not significantly affected by the coincidence of DM2 and/or MPNs.
The role of interleukin 6 in the pathogenesis and therapy of Castleman disease - an immunologist's perspective.
Milota T, Střížová Z, Sobotková M … +1 more , Bartůňková J
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474295
Castleman disease (CD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by lymphadenopathy and systemic inflammatory manifestations. CD can be divided into uni- (UCD) and multicentric form (MCD) according to the diseas...
Castleman disease (CD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by lymphadenopathy and systemic inflammatory manifestations. CD can be divided into uni- (UCD) and multicentric form (MCD) according to the disease extent. MCD is usually accompanied by the features of a systemic inflammatory response including fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, and edema. In these patients, we can also observe elevation of inflammatory parameters and anemia within the laboratory assessment. Based on etiological nature, the CD can be further divided into human herpesvirus-8-associated (HHV8-associated) and idiopathic form. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a central role in the disease pathogenesis. Inhibition of IL-6 has been shown to be an effective treatment modality. Currently, siltuximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting IL-6, is the only approved treatment for MCD. Its short-term and long-term efficacy and safety have been demonstrated in a few clinical studies.
Minnesota Tobacco Withdrawal Scale revision 2020, validated Czech translation.
Zvolská K, Štěpánková L, Pánková A … +1 more , Králíková E
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474294
Most smokers are addicted to tobacco or nicotine not only psychosocially but also physically, what results in withdrawal symptoms after they miss their dose. These are one of the major barriers to quitting. In the treatm...
Most smokers are addicted to tobacco or nicotine not only psychosocially but also physically, what results in withdrawal symptoms after they miss their dose. These are one of the major barriers to quitting. In the treatment of tobacco dependence, the evaluation of the degree of withdrawal symptoms helps to guide psychobehavioral intervention and, above all, the choice of the type, dose, and duration of pharmacotherapy. The Minnesota Withdrawal Symptoms Scale is one of the most widely used for this purpose, revised in 2020. We present a validated translation of this update.
Health systems in the mirror of international comparisons.
Dlouhý M, Barták M, Havlík P
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474293
The international comparison of health systems is a frequently used tool of health policy. It assumes that international experiences are, at least to some extent, transferable from one country to another. The aim of this...
The international comparison of health systems is a frequently used tool of health policy. It assumes that international experiences are, at least to some extent, transferable from one country to another. The aim of this article is to review selected methods of international comparison of health systems. At the same time, we ask the question of how useful each method is for the evaluation of the Czech health system.
Making the hospital care in the Czech Republic more effective through volunteering.
Barták M, Buček L, Stanoev M … +1 more , Hnilicová H
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474292
Volunteering in the health sector contributes to improving the quality of services and has positive benefits for the volunteers themselves and the health service providers, and especially for patients and their families,...
Volunteering in the health sector contributes to improving the quality of services and has positive benefits for the volunteers themselves and the health service providers, and especially for patients and their families, as well as for society. The aim of this article is to summarize the main findings of the evaluation of the project Efficiency of the hospital care system in the Czech Republic through volunteering (CZ.03 .3.X/0.0/0.0/15_018/0007517), which was implemented between 2019 and 2023 by the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. The evaluation of the project was based on a combination of quantitative research (questionnaire surveys focused on the target groups of the project) and qualitative methods (individual and group interviews). The internal and external impact evaluation of the project shows significant changes in the short term for patients and their family members who use volunteering in healthcare, as well as for healthcare professionals and providers. The development of volunteering in healthcare and its effective coordination is a suitable and proven tool to support and improve the psychosocial aspect of care for hospitalized patients and a way to achieve the desired goals of the healthcare system.
Changes in the level of health literacy in Czechia between 2015 and 2020.
Kučera Z, Svačina Š, Šteflová A
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474291
During the five years from 2015 to 2020, the proportion of people with limited health literacy decreased by 12%. This finding results from international research on the level of health literacy, which took place since 20...
During the five years from 2015 to 2020, the proportion of people with limited health literacy decreased by 12%. This finding results from international research on the level of health literacy, which took place since 2019 till 2021 in 17 countries of the European region of the World Health Organization. In total, more than 42,000 respondents were interviewed, in Czechia there were 1,650 respondents. In 2020, however, we recorded a limited level of health literacy in 47% of the population over the age of 18. Respondents have the greatest problems with understanding health information from the media and with assessing different treatment options. Czechs (like Slovaks) have the biggest problem with following the instructions of a doctor or pharmacist. Health literacy is influenced by gender, age and education: women, older people and less educated people show higher levels of health literacy. The respondent's social gradient, primarily subjective social status has positive influence to health literacy while financial deprivation has negative influence. On the other hand, health literacy positively affects the physical activity of the respondent; subjectively perceived health and consumption of medical services are influenced as well. The Czech Health Literacy Institute is currently preparing monitoring in 2024-2025.
Physicians' experiences of intercultural differences in communication with Ukrainian refugees during the Russian-Ukrainian armed conflict.
Jelínková M, Dobiášová K, Těšinová JK … +1 more , Koščík M
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474290
The aim of the study was to identify and explore barriers to communication between refugees from Ukraine and physicians providing health care, the perspective of physicians was embraced. The focus of the work reflects on...
The aim of the study was to identify and explore barriers to communication between refugees from Ukraine and physicians providing health care, the perspective of physicians was embraced. The focus of the work reflects on the arrival of many forced migrants from Ukraine in 2022. Further, it focuses on the pressure that the presence of migrants' places on the Czech healthcare system, especially in doctor-migrant patient communication. The objectives of this study are also motivated by existing international evidence that misunderstandings and poor-quality communication can lead to lower patient satisfaction and adherence, and consequently poorer healthcare outcomes. The research was carried out in the form of qualitative research, 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with physicians providing health care to Ukrainian refugees. Informants were selected using a purposive sampling method to obtain as diverse a sample as possible. The resulting data were analysed by applying thematic coding. The results showed that four main areas of intercultural barriers play a key role in the relationship between physicians and Ukrainian patients. These are: (1) language, (2) differences in healthcare systems, (3) different attitudes towards health and illness and (4) prejudice. The major source of misunderstanding was the difference between the Czech and Ukrainian healthcare systems, which leads to a different position of the patient in the healthcare system. The conclusions prove that intercultural barriers play a significant role in the provision of health care to Ukrainian refugees but can be addressed to a large extent. The current situation in Czechia and the increasing diversity in society call for the need to acquire intercultural competencies in undergraduate and continuing medical education. Similarly, the adoption of measures that promote culturally competent health care is needed.
The dementia-friendly community and its implications for healthcare.
Janečková H, Maslíková V, Kučera M … +1 more , Švejdová M
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474289
Principal goal of the article is to inform health care professionals about the concept of dementia-friendly community (DFC) reflecting the contemporary thinking of living with dementia, i.e. dementia as a disability, equ...
Principal goal of the article is to inform health care professionals about the concept of dementia-friendly community (DFC) reflecting the contemporary thinking of living with dementia, i.e. dementia as a disability, equal human rights, a sense of meaning. Experiences from abroad and from the Czechia are discussed with special attention to implementation of this concept in the health care facilities. The National Action Plan for Alzheimer´s Disease 2020-2030 (NAPAN) is presented, which shows that the Czech Government, ministries, specialists, care providers, informal careers and even the people with dementia worked together on the improvement in this field. The purpose of this paper is to bring the principles of DFC closer to the physicians and other health care professionals and support friendly and helpful approach to people living with dementia when providing health care to them. The multidisciplinary cooperation of GPs, geriatricians, neurologists, psychiatrists etc. is emphasized. An example of a regional project in Middle Bohemia is presented looking for criteria and ways of evaluation of the effect of DFC.
The way to data: opinions and recommendations for the provision of health data for secondary use.
Tichopád A, Augustynek M, Beneš J … +13 more , Dlouhý M, Doležal T, Horáková D, Kršek M, Lhotska L, Panzner P, Penhaker M, Petr M, Piťha J, Popesko B, Rožánek M, Táborský M, Vrablík M
Cas Lek Cesk · 2023 · PMID 37474288
Healthcare data held by state-run organisations is a valuable intangible asset for society. Its use should be a priority for its administrators and the state. A completely paternalistic approach by administrators and the...
Healthcare data held by state-run organisations is a valuable intangible asset for society. Its use should be a priority for its administrators and the state. A completely paternalistic approach by administrators and the state is undesirable, however much it aims to protect the privacy rights of persons registered in databases. In line with European policies and the global trend, these measures should not outweigh the social benefit that arises from the analysis of these data if the technical possibilities exist to sufficiently protect the privacy rights of individuals. Czech society is having an intense discussion on the topic, but according to the authors, it is insufficiently based on facts and lacks clearly articulated opinions of the expert public. The aim of this article is to fill these gaps. Data anonymization techniques provide a solution to protect individuals' privacy rights while preserving the scientific value of the data. The risk of identifying individuals in anonymised data sets is scalable and can be minimised depending on the type and content of the data and its use by the specific applicant. Finding the optimal form and scope of deidentified data requires competence and knowledge on the part of both the applicant and the administrator. It is in the interest of the applicant, the administrator, as well as the protected persons in the databases that both parties show willingness and have the ability and expertise to communicate during the application and its processing.
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