Chronic Diseases And Injuries In Canada[JOURNAL]
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118 papers
Population-based surveillance of asthma among workers in British Columbia, Canada.
Koehoorn M, Tamburic L, McLeod CB … +3 more , Demers PA, Lynd L, Kennedy SM
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2013 Mar · PMID 23470174
INTRODUCTION: Population-based health databases were used for the surveillance of asthma among workers in British Columbia for the period 1999 to 2003. The purpose was to identify high-risk groups of workers with asthma...
INTRODUCTION: Population-based health databases were used for the surveillance of asthma among workers in British Columbia for the period 1999 to 2003. The purpose was to identify high-risk groups of workers with asthma for further investigation, education and prevention. METHODS: Workers were identified using an employer-paid health premium field in the provincial health registry, and were linked to their physician visit, hospitalization, workers' compensation and pharmaceutical records; asthma cases were defined by the presence of an asthma diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9-493) in these health records. Workers were assigned to an ''at-risk'' exposure group based on their industry of employment. RESULTS: For males, significantly higher asthma rates were observed for workers in the Utilities, Transport/Warehousing, Wood and Paper Manufacturing (Sawmills), Health Care/Social Assistance and Education industries. For females, significantly higher rates were found for those working in the Waste Management/Remediation and Health Care/Social Assistance industries. CONCLUSION: The data confirm a high prevalence of active asthma in the working population of British Columbia, and in particular, higher rates among females compared to males and in industries with known respiratory sensitizers such as dust and chemical exposures.
Parenting disability, parenting stress and child behaviour in early inflammatory arthritis.
Zelkowitz P, Looper KJ, Mustafa SS … +3 more , Purden M, Baron M, McGill Early Arthritis Research Group
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2013 Mar · PMID 23470173
INTRODUCTION: Our study examines the association between the disease characteristics of inflammatory arthritis and patients' self-perception of mental health, parenting disability, parenting stress and child behaviour in...
INTRODUCTION: Our study examines the association between the disease characteristics of inflammatory arthritis and patients' self-perception of mental health, parenting disability, parenting stress and child behaviour in early inflammatory arthritis (EIA). METHODS: Patients in the early phase (more than 6 weeks, less than 18 months) of inflammatory arthritis were recruited from a larger EIA registry that recorded sociodemographic data and measures of pain, physical functioning and disease activity. Patient-perceived parenting disability, parenting stress, depression and children's behaviour problems were assessed using the Parenting Disability Index, Parenting Stress Index, Center for Epidemiologic Studies--Depression Mood Scale and Child Behavior Checklist, respectively. RESULTS: Pain, physical dysfunction, number of tender joints and physician global assessment of disease activity were associated with parenting disability. Self-report measures of parenting disability were associated with those of depression and parenting stress. Parenting stress was associated with children internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems while parenting disability was associated with children externalizing behaviour problems. CONCLUSION: This study suggests a possible reciprocal relationship among physical aspects of disease activity, parenting disability and parent and child distress in EIA.
Cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Canada, 1970-2007.
Kachuri L, De P, Ellison LF … +2 more , Semenciw R, Advisory Committee on Canadian Cancer Statistics
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2013 Mar · PMID 23470172
INTRODUCTION: Monitoring cancer trends can help evaluate progress in cancer control while reinforcing prevention activities. This analysis examines long-term trends for selected cancers in Canada using data from national...
INTRODUCTION: Monitoring cancer trends can help evaluate progress in cancer control while reinforcing prevention activities. This analysis examines long-term trends for selected cancers in Canada using data from national databases. METHODS: Annual changes in trends for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates between 1970 and 2007 were examined by sex for 1) all cancers combined, 2) the four most common cancers (prostate, breast, lung, colorectal) and 3) cancers that demonstrate the most recent notable changes in trend. Five-year relative survival for 1992-2007 was also calculated. RESULTS: Incidence rates for all primary cancer cases combined increased 0.9% per year in males and 0.8% per year in females over the study period, with varying degrees of increase for melanoma, thyroid, liver, prostate, kidney, colorectal, lung, breast, and bladder cancers and decrease for larynx, oral, stomach and cervical cancers. Mortality rates were characterized by significant declines for all cancers combined and for most cancers examined except for melanoma and female lung cancer. The largest improvements in cancer survival were for prostate, liver, colorectal and kidney cancers. While the overall trends in mortality rates and survival point to notable successes in cancer control, the increasing trend in incidence rates for some cancers emphasize the need for continued efforts in prevention.
How active are children in Toronto? A comparison with accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey.
Stone MR, Faulkner GE, Buliung RN
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2013 Mar · PMID 23470171
INTRODUCTION: The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is the most comprehensive direct health measures survey ever conducted in Canada. Results show that the majority of children and youth (93%) do not meet current ph...
INTRODUCTION: The Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) is the most comprehensive direct health measures survey ever conducted in Canada. Results show that the majority of children and youth (93%) do not meet current physical activity recommendations for health. CHMS data have not yet been considered alongside an independent sample of Canadian youth; such a Canadian-context examination could support CHMS results and contribute to discussions regarding accelerometry data reduction protocols. METHODS: From 2010 to 2011, valid accelerometry data were collected on 856 children living in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Where possible, data presentation and analyses were aligned with the CHMS protocol such that physical activity outcomes could be compared. RESULTS: Overall, trends were similar, with some deviations likely due to contextual and sampling differences and differences in data collection/reduction protocols regarding accelerometer model selection, wear time, activity intensity thresholds and epoch. CONCLUSION: The similar trends support the notion that physical inactivity is an ongoing problem in communities across Canada.
Influence of viewing professional ice hockey on youth hockey injuries.
Keays G, Pless B
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2013 Mar · PMID 23470170
INTRODUCTION: Most televised National Hockey League (NHL) games include violent body checks, illegal hits and fights. We postulated that minor league players imitated these behaviours and that not seeing these games woul...
INTRODUCTION: Most televised National Hockey League (NHL) games include violent body checks, illegal hits and fights. We postulated that minor league players imitated these behaviours and that not seeing these games would reduce the rate of injuries among younger hockey players. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared 7 years of televised NHL matches (2002-2009) with the year of the NHL lock-out (2004/2005). Data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) were used to identify the injuries and to ascertain whether they were due to intentional contact and illegal acts including fights. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in the proportions of all injuries and those involving intentional contact, violations or illegal acts among male minor league hockey players during the year when professional players were locked out and the years before and after the lock-out. CONCLUSION: We concluded that not seeing televised NHL violence may not reduce injuries, although a possible effect may have been obscured because there was a striking increase in attendance at equally violent minor league games during the lock-out.
Report summary. Diabetes in Canada: facts and figures from a public health perspective.
Pelletier C, Dai S, Roberts KC … +3 more , Bienek A, Onysko J, Pelletier L
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294922
"Diabetes in Canada: facts and figures from a public health perspective" is the first comprehensive diabetes surveillance report published by the Public Health Agency of Canada. The report aims to support public health p...
"Diabetes in Canada: facts and figures from a public health perspective" is the first comprehensive diabetes surveillance report published by the Public Health Agency of Canada. The report aims to support public health professionals and organizations in developing effective, evidence-based public health policies and programs to prevent and manage diabetes and its complications. The report, developed in collaboration with provincial and territorial governments, the Canadian Diabetes Association, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, CNIB, Health Canada and the academic community, uses data from national health surveys and vital statistics, as well as population-based administrative data from the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS). For the first time, the CCDSS contains data from all 13 Canadian jurisdictions. Using CCDSS data representing cases of diagnosed diabetes among Canadians aged one year and older, Diabetes in Canada presents prevalence and incidence national rates from the fiscal year 2008/2009 and national trends from 1998/1999 onwards. The report also outlines sub-populations at higher risk, ways of reducing the risks of developing the disease and its complications, and estimates of related economic costs. In addition, it contains sections on specific populations, including children and youth and First Nations, Inuit and Métis populations.
Validation of ICD-9 diagnostic codes for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in Quebec's provincial health care databases.
Landry JS, Croitoru D, Menzies D
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294921
INTRODUCTION: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease caused by neonatal lung injury. The aim of this study was to validate the use of ICD-9 diagnostic codes for BPD in administrative databases...
INTRODUCTION: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease caused by neonatal lung injury. The aim of this study was to validate the use of ICD-9 diagnostic codes for BPD in administrative databases to allow for their use in health care utilization analyses. METHODS: The validation process used a retrospective cohort composed of preterm infants, with or without respiratory complications, admitted to the Montréal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, between 1983 and 1992. BPD subjects were identified using ICD-9 diagnostic codes in the provincial administrative databases (medical services and MED-ECHO) and then matched with subjects with confirmed BPD from the validation cohort. We examined concordance and estimated sensitivity and specificity associated with the use of these diagnostic codes for BPD. RESULTS: True positive and false negative BPD subjects did not differ significantly according to gestational age, birth weight and Apgar scores. False positive BPD subjects were found to have significantly lower gestational age than true negative subjects. The use of the ICD-9 diagnostic codes for BPD was associated with a specificity between 97.6% and 98.0%. The sensitivity was lower at 45.0% and 52.4% for the medical services and MED-ECHO databases, respectively. Milder cases of BPD tended to be missed more frequently than more severe cases. CONCLUSION: The specificity of the use of ICD-9 diagnostic codes for BPD in the Quebec provincial health care databases is adequate to allow its routine use. Its lower sensitivity for milder cases will likely result in an underestimation of the impacts of BPD on the long-term health care utilization of preterm infants.
Emergency department surveillance of injuries associated with bunk beds: the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), 1990-2009.
McFaull SR, Fréchette M, Skinner R
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294920
INTRODUCTION: Due to space constraints, bunk beds are a common sleeping arrangement in many homes. The height and design of the structure can present a fall and strangulation hazard, especially for young children. The pr...
INTRODUCTION: Due to space constraints, bunk beds are a common sleeping arrangement in many homes. The height and design of the structure can present a fall and strangulation hazard, especially for young children. The primary purpose of this study was to describe bunk bed-related injuries reported to the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), 1990-2009. METHODS: CHIRPP is an injury and poisoning surveillance system operating in 11 pediatric and 4 general emergency departments across Canada. Records were extracted using CHIRPP product codes and narratives. RESULTS: Over the 20-year surveillance period, 6002 individuals presented to Canadian emergency departments for an injury associated with a bunk bed. Overall, the frequency of bunk bed-related injuries in CHIRPP has remained relatively stable with an average annual percent change of 21.2% (21.8% to 20.5%). Over 90% of upper bunk-related injuries were due to falls and children 3-5 years of age were most frequently injured (471.2/100 000 CHIRPP cases). CONCLUSION: Children with bunk bed-related injuries continue to present to Canadian emergency departments, many with significant injuries. Injury prevention efforts should focus on children under 6 years of age.
Utilization of the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect by child welfare agencies in Ontario.
Tonmyr L, Jack SM, Brooks S … +3 more , Williams G, Campeau A, Dudding P
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294919
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to analyze how child maltreatment surveillance data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) is used by senior child welfare decision makers....
INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to analyze how child maltreatment surveillance data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) is used by senior child welfare decision makers. METHODS: This triangulation mixed-methods study included quantitative and qualitative methods to facilitate an in-depth exploration from multiple perspectives. We interviewed Ontario child welfare decision makers to measure utilization of the CIS in policy development. RESULTS: The majority of respondents were aware of the CIS data. Decision makers reported using these data to determine resource allocation, understand reported maltreatment trends and validate findings at their own agencies. Urban agencies used the data more than did rural agencies. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to triangulate data to understand and improve utilization of child maltreatment surveillance data. The study participants indicated considerable appreciation of the data and also provided ideas for improvements across the surveillance cycle.
Assessing the reach of nicotine replacement therapy as a preventive public health measure.
Bondy SJ, Diemert LM, Victor JC … +2 more , McDonald PW, Cohen JE
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294918
INTRODUCTION: Access to Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is a key public health intervention to reduce smoking. We assessed prevalence and correlates of use of NRT in Ontario, where NRT is available without prescriptio...
INTRODUCTION: Access to Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is a key public health intervention to reduce smoking. We assessed prevalence and correlates of use of NRT in Ontario, where NRT is available without prescription. METHODS: Participants were a representative sample of 2262 adult smokers in the Ontario Tobacco Survey cohort. Prospectively measured use of NRT over a 6-month period was reported in relation to smoking behaviour and history, attempts to quit, receipt of other supports for cessation supports and attitudes toward NRT. RESULTS: Overall, 11% of smokers used NRT over the six-month follow-up period. Prevalence was 25% among the 27% of smokers matching clinical guidelines that recommend NRT as a therapeutic option, and low among smokers not trying to quit. CONCLUSION: With increasing accessibility of NRT, further surveillance and research are warranted to determine the impact of the reach and benefits of NRT, considering both the general and targeted smoking populations.
Self-management, health service use and information seeking for diabetes care among recent immigrants in Toronto.
Hyman I, Patychuk D, Zaidi Q … +5 more , Kljujic D, Shakya YB, Rummens JA, Creatore M, Vissandjee B
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294917
INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to explore self-management practices, health services use and information-seeking for type 2 diabetes care among adult men and women from four recent immigrant communities in Toronto. METH...
INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to explore self-management practices, health services use and information-seeking for type 2 diabetes care among adult men and women from four recent immigrant communities in Toronto. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was adapted for the Canadian context and translated into 4 languages. A total of 184 participants with type 2 diabetes-130 recent immigrants and 54 Canadian-born-were recruited in both community and hospital settings. RESULTS: Recent immigrants were significantly less likely than the Canadian-born group to perform regular blood glucose and foot checks and significantly more likely than the Canadian-born group to be non-smokers, participate in regular physical activity and reduce dietary fat. Recent immigrants were significantly less likely than the Canadian-born group to use a specialist, alternative provider and dietician and less likely to report using dieticians, nurses and diabetes organizations as sources of diabetes-related information. Important differences were observed by sex and country of origin. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that diabetes prevention and management strategies for recent immigrants must address linguistic, financial, informational and systemic barriers to information and care.
Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?
McLaren L, Zarrabi M, Dutton DJ … +2 more , Auld MC, Emery JC
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Dec · PMID 23294916
INTRODUCTION: Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in...
INTRODUCTION: Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. METHODS: Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. RESULTS: Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. CONCLUSION: Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.
Report summary - injury in review, 2012 edition: spotlight on road and transport safety.
Cardinal M, Crain J, Do MT … +4 more , Fréchette M, McFaull S, Skinner R, Thompson W
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046806
Injury in Review, 2012 Edition: Spotlight on Road and Transport Safety, the first national public health report of its kind, synthesizes road- and transport-related injury statistics from a variety of sources. It profile...
Injury in Review, 2012 Edition: Spotlight on Road and Transport Safety, the first national public health report of its kind, synthesizes road- and transport-related injury statistics from a variety of sources. It profiles injury patterns among Canadians aged up to 24 years, explains risks and protective factors, and makes recommendations for action. The findings inform the development of targeted injury prevention efforts.
National Fall Prevention Workshop: stepping up pan-Canadian coordination.
Centre for Health Promotion, Public Health Agency of Canada, British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit (BCIRPU)
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046805
About one in three Canadian seniors will experience a fall at least once each year. Such falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations among older people. Apart from causing injury, falls can result in c...
About one in three Canadian seniors will experience a fall at least once each year. Such falls are the leading cause of injury-related hospitalizations among older people. Apart from causing injury, falls can result in chronic pain, reduced quality of life and, in severe cases, death. Psychological effects of a fall may cause a post-fall syndrome that includes dependence on others for daily activities, loss of autonomy, confusion, immobilization and depression. Falls and the resulting injuries often occur due to a combination of factors, including health conditions associated with aging such as vision problems, osteoporosis, dementia and symptoms of a chronic disease. They can be due to the side effects of medications, environmental hazards and risk-taking behaviours. Fall prevention initiatives and strategies are taking place in all provinces and territories and at the national level. To enhance the collaborative understanding of these initiatives, a National Fall Prevention Workshop was held at the Canadian Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Conference in Vancouver, British Columbia, on 17 November 2011. The Workshop was co-hosted by the British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit (BCIRPU) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). Fall prevention leads from each province and territory were invited to present their most recent activities and their plans.
Prevalence of meeting physical activity guidelines for cancer prevention in Alberta.
Aparicio-Ting FE, Friedenreich CM, Kopciuk KA … +2 more , Plotnikoff RC, Bryant HE
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046804
INTRODUCTION: Guidelines for recommended physical activity (PA) levels have been developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) for health b...
INTRODUCTION: Guidelines for recommended physical activity (PA) levels have been developed by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) for health benefits and by the American Cancer Society (ACS) and the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) for cancer prevention benefits. METHODS: We examined if these guidelines were met using a sample of 14 294 Albertan participants of the Tomorrow Project, aged 35 to 64 years, enrolled from 2001 to 2005. We used logistic regression to examine correlates of leisure PA behaviour. RESULTS: An estimated 55%, 42%, 26% and 23% of participants met CSEP, ACS, USDHHS, and WCRF/AICR guidelines, respectively. Women were less likely than men to meet ACS (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.93), USDHHS (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.89) and WCRF/AICR (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47-0.85) guidelines, and being obese was correlated with not meeting USDHHS (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.32-0.65) and WCRF/AICR guidelines (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63-0.98). CONCLUSION: Albertans, particularly women and obese individuals, are not sufficiently active for cancer prevention benefits.
Income disparities in life expectancy in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, Ontario.
Stratton J, Mowat DL, Wilkins R … +1 more , Tjepkema M
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046803
INTRODUCTION: To understand the lack of a gradient in mortality by neighbourhood income in a previous study, we used individual-level data from the 1991-2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study to examine income-re...
INTRODUCTION: To understand the lack of a gradient in mortality by neighbourhood income in a previous study, we used individual-level data from the 1991-2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study to examine income-related disparities in life expectancy and probability of survival to age 75 years in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel. METHODS: We calculated period life tables for each sex and income adequacy quintile, overall and separately for immigrants and non-immigrants. RESULTS: For all cohort members of both sexes, including both immigrants and non-immigrants, there was a clear gradient across the income quintiles, with higher life expectancy in each successively richer quintile. However, the disparities by income were much greater when the analysis was restricted to non-immigrants. The lesser gradient for immigrants appeared to reflect the higher proportion of recent immigrants in the lower income quintiles. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of using individual-level ascertainment of income whenever possible, and of including immigrant status and period of immigration in assessments of health outcomes, especially for areas with a high proportion of immigrants.
Cardiovascular disease mortality among First Nations people in Canada, 1991-2001.
Tjepkema M, Wilkins R, Goedhuis N … +1 more , Pennock J
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046802
OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular disease mortality patterns between First Nations people and non-Aboriginal adults by sex and by income adequacy quintile and level of educational attainment. METHODS: A 15% sample of...
OBJECTIVE: To compare cardiovascular disease mortality patterns between First Nations people and non-Aboriginal adults by sex and by income adequacy quintile and level of educational attainment. METHODS: A 15% sample of 1991 Canadian census respondents aged 25 years or older was previously linked to 11 years of mortality data. In this study, First Nations people were defined by North American Indian ethnic origin (ancestry), registration under the Indian Act, and/or membership in an Indian band or First Nation. The cohort included 62 400 First Nations people and 2 624 300 non-Aboriginal people. RESULTS: Compared to non-Aboriginal cohort members, the age-standardized cardiovascular disease mortality rate was 30% higher for First Nations men and 76% higher for First Nations women. This represented an excess of 58 deaths and 71 deaths per 100 000 person-years at risk, for First Nations men and women, respectively. Within each income adequacy quintile (adjusted for family size and region of residence) and level of educational attainment, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease was higher for First Nations people compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. CONCLUSION: First Nations people had higher rates of death from cardiovascular disease than non-Aboriginal Canadians within each income quintile and level of education. Income and education accounted for 67% and 25% of the excess mortality of First Nations men and women respectively.
Using national surveys for mental health surveillance of individuals with intellectual disabilities in Canada.
Bielska IA, Ouellette-Kuntz H, Hunter D
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046801
INTRODUCTION: Individuals with intellectual disabilities have a higher prevalence of health problems, including psychiatric and behavioural conditions, than the general population. However, there is little population-bas...
INTRODUCTION: Individuals with intellectual disabilities have a higher prevalence of health problems, including psychiatric and behavioural conditions, than the general population. However, there is little population-based information in Canada about individuals with a dual diagnosis of psychiatric disorder and intellectual impairment. The aim of this study was to determine whether the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) and the 2006 Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) could be used to estimate the prevalence of dual diagnosis in Canada. METHODS: We undertook a secondary analysis of two population-based surveys to determine if these could be used to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric or behavioural conditions among adults with intellectual disabilities in Canada. RESULTS: The surveys reflect prevalence estimates of intellectual disabilities (CCHS: 0.2% and PALS: 0.5%) that are considerably lower than those published in the literature. While it was possible to calculate the proportion of individuals with a dual diagnosis (CCHS: 30.6% and PALS: 44.3%), the surveys were of limited use for detailed analyses. The estimates of prevalence derived from the surveys, especially from the CCHS, were of unacceptable quality due to high sampling variability and selection bias. CONCLUSION: The estimates should be interpreted with caution due to concerns regarding the representativeness of the sample with intellectual disabilities in the national surveys.
Features of physician services databases in Canada.
Lix LM, Walker R, Quan H … +4 more , Nesdole R, Yang J, Chen G, CHEP-ORTF Hypertension Outcomes and Surveillance Team
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046800
INTRODUCTION: Physician services databases (PSDs) are a valuable resource for research and surveillance in Canada. However, because the provinces and territories collect and maintain separate databases, data elements are...
INTRODUCTION: Physician services databases (PSDs) are a valuable resource for research and surveillance in Canada. However, because the provinces and territories collect and maintain separate databases, data elements are not standardized. This study compared major features of PSDs. METHODS: The primary source was a survey of key informants that collected information about years of data, patient/provider characteristics, database inclusions/exclusions, coding of diagnoses, procedures and service locations. Data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information's (CIHI) National Physician Database were used to examine physician remuneration methods, which may affect PSD completeness. Survey data were obtained for nine provinces and two territories. RESULTS: Most databases contained post-1990 records. Diagnoses were frequently recorded using ICD-9 codes. Other coding systems differed across jurisdictions and time, although all PSDs identified in-hospital services and distinguished family medicine from other specialties. Capture of non-fee-for-service records varied and CIHI data revealed an increasing proportion of non-fee-for-service physicians over time. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to investigate the potential effects of PSD differences on comparability of findings from pan-Canadian studies.
Distribution of human papillomavirus types, cervical cancer screening history, and risk factors for infection in Manitoba.
Demers AA, Shearer B, Severini A … +5 more , Lotocki R, Kliewer EV, Stopera S, Wong T, Jayaraman G
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Sep · PMID 23046799
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in an opportunistic sample of women in Manitoba, Canada. We inquired about risk factors associated with HPV infectio...
OBJECTIVES: We conducted a study to investigate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in an opportunistic sample of women in Manitoba, Canada. We inquired about risk factors associated with HPV infections and linked the HPV typing results with the cervical cancer screening history of the participants. METHODS: The study population included 592 women attending Papanicolaou (Pap) test clinics. After signing a consent form, participants were given a self-administered questionnaire on risk factors and received a conventional Pap test. Residual cells from the Pap tests were collected and sent for HPV typing. RESULTS: The mean age of the population was 43 years. A total of 115 participants (19.4%) had an HPV infection, 89 of whom had a normal Pap test. Of those who were HPV-positive, 61 (10.3%) had high-risk (Group 1) HPV. HPV-16 was the most prevalent type (15/115: 13.0% of infections). The most consistent risk factors for HPV infection were young age, Aboriginal ethnicity, higher lifetime number of sexual partners and higher number of sexual partners in the previous year. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HPV types in Manitoba is consistent with the distributions reported in other jurisdictions. These data provide baseline information on type-specific HPV prevalence in an unvaccinated population and can be useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV immunization program. An added benefit is in the validation of a proof of concept which links a population-based Pap registry to laboratory test results and a risk behaviour survey to assess early and late outcomes of HPV infection. This methodology could be applied to other jurisdictions across Canada where such capacities exist.
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