Chronic Diseases And Injuries In Canada[JOURNAL]
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118 papers
Longitudinal trends in mental health among ethnic groups in Canada.
Pahwa P, Karunanayake CP, McCrosky J … +1 more , Thorpe L
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762903
INTRODUCTION: Immigration continues to transform the ethnic composition of the Canadian population. We investigated whether longitudinal trends in mental distress vary between seven cultural and ethnic groups and whether...
INTRODUCTION: Immigration continues to transform the ethnic composition of the Canadian population. We investigated whether longitudinal trends in mental distress vary between seven cultural and ethnic groups and whether mental distress within the same ethnic group varies by demographic (immigrant status, sex, age, marital status, place and length of residence), socio-economic (education, income), social support and lifestyle factors. METHOD: The study population consisted of 14 713 respondents 15 years and older from the first six cycles of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS); 20% reported themselves to be immigrant at Cycle 1, in 1994/1995. The logistic regression model was fitted by modifying a multivariate quasi-likelihood approach, and robust variance estimates were obtained by using balanced repeated replication techniques. RESULTS: Based on the multivariable model and self-reported data, we observed that female respondents were more likely to report moderate/high mental distress than male respondents; younger respondents more than older respondents; single respondents more than those in a relationship; urban-dwellers more than rural-dwellers; less educated respondents more than more educated respondents; current and former smokers more than non-smokers; and those living in a smoking household more than those living in non-smoking households. The relationship between ethnicity and mental distress was modified by immigrant status, sex, social involvement score and education. Confirming other research, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between length of stay and mental distress: those who had lived in Canada for less than 2 years were less likely to report moderate/high mental distress, while those who had lived in Canada for 2 to 20 years were significantly more likely to report moderate/high mental distress than those who had lived in Canada for more than 20 years. CONCLUSION: There is a need to develop ethnicity-specific mental health programs targeting those with low education attainment and low social involvement. Policies and programs should also target women, the younger age group (15-24 years) and low-income adequacy groups.
Unhealthy behaviours among Canadian adolescents: prevalence, trends and correlates.
Gadalla TM
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762902
INTRODUCTION: This study examines (1) time trends in the prevalence of selected unhealthy behaviours among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, (2) the most commonly adopted combinations of unhealthy behaviours, and (3) soci...
INTRODUCTION: This study examines (1) time trends in the prevalence of selected unhealthy behaviours among adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, (2) the most commonly adopted combinations of unhealthy behaviours, and (3) socio-economic and sociodemographic correlates of unhealthy behaviours among adolescents. METHODS: A secondary analysis used data collected from 13 198 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) respondents in 2000/2001 and 11 050 CCHS respondents in 2007/2008. RESULTS: Although the proportion of adolescents consuming a healthy diet increased over the study period, about 50% are still consuming insufficient amounts of fruit and vegetables. In both cycles over one-third of adolescents aged 15 to 17 years reported drinking alcohol regularly. Income level, education level, sex, and language spoken at home were significantly associated with the odds of engaging in unhealthy behaviours among those aged 12 to 14 years, while income level was no longer associated with the odds of engaging in unhealthy behaviours among those aged 15 to 17 years. For both age groups, a language other than French or English spoken in the home was associated with a low risk of unhealthy behaviours. CONCLUSION: There was a general decrease in unhealthy behaviours among younger adolescents aged 12 to 14 years.
Coaches' knowledge and awareness of spit tobacco use among youth athletes: results of a 2009 Ontario survey.
Skinner JH, Bobbili SJ
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762901
INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals have become concerned that spit tobacco (ST) use among athletes is increasing. However, little is known about the issue in Canada, particularly among youth. METHODS: The Not to K...
INTRODUCTION: Public health professionals have become concerned that spit tobacco (ST) use among athletes is increasing. However, little is known about the issue in Canada, particularly among youth. METHODS: The Not to Kids Coalition and the Coaches Association of Ontario surveyed coaches regarding ST knowledge and awareness and their perceived roles as coaches in influencing ST use among their athletes. Surveys were distributed electronically to individuals who coached male and female youth aged 9 to 18 years in baseball, basketball, football, soccer, and track and field, in Ontario. RESULTS: Almost all of the surveyed coaches responded correctly to questions about the health effects of ST use, and about 80% of respondents answered correctly to the question about legislation associated with ST and youth. CONCLUSION: Most coaches are interested in receiving information about ST, particularly the health effects of ST use and how to prevent ST use among athletes. Multiple formats should be used to provide information to coaches, including both electronic and hard copy materials.
Cultural factors related to the maintenance of health behaviours in Algonquin women with a history of gestational diabetes.
Gaudreau S, Michaud C
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762900
INTRODUCTION: Though the cultural factors that may contribute to the diabetes epidemic in First Nations are frequently discussed, little is known about the factors that may help prevent it. In this ethnonursing study, we...
INTRODUCTION: Though the cultural factors that may contribute to the diabetes epidemic in First Nations are frequently discussed, little is known about the factors that may help prevent it. In this ethnonursing study, we explore the cultural factors that help maintain health behaviours in Algonquin women who had received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes 2 to 10 years before this study. METHODS: The data were collected in two Algonquin communities through semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 7) and general informants (n = 8) and through cultural immersion, with detailed observations being recorded into logbooks. RESULTS: The cultural factors that are likely to affect the prevention of diabetes are the importance of family and social ties, the possibility of preserving cultural values, the opportunity to learn behaviours through educational resources adapted to needs and culture, the chance of saving money through better diet and access to blood sugar data as a means of control. CONCLUSION: In the long term, these cultural factors could influence health behaviours and thus help prevent type 2 diabetes.
Trends in incidence of childhood cancer in Canada, 1992-2006.
Mitra D, Shaw AK, Hutchings K
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762899
INTRODUCTION: Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in children aged 1 to 14 years in Canada. Despite the importance to public health of childhood cancer, there have been few reports on Canadian trends pub...
INTRODUCTION: Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in children aged 1 to 14 years in Canada. Despite the importance to public health of childhood cancer, there have been few reports on Canadian trends published in the peer-reviewed literature. This study examines childhood cancer trends by age, sex, and province of residence using the most current cancer registration data. METHODS: Data from the population-based Canadian Cancer Registry were used to compute incidence trends in primary cancers diagnosed between 1992 and 2006 in children (0-14 years) for the 12 major diagnostic groups of the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, 3rd Edition. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 2006, incidence rates for all cancers remained stable, although trends varied by cancer type. We observed a significant decrease in retinoblastoma in boys for the entire period (-6.5% per year) and an increase in leukemia from 1992 to 1999 (+3.5% per year). In girls, there was a significant decrease in renal tumours from 1998 to 2006 (-5.7% per year) and an increase in hepatic tumours from 1997 to 2006 (+8.1% per year). Differences by age and province were also apparent. Some caution should be exercised when interpreting trends involving a small number of cases per year and those with wide 95% confidence intervals. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an ongoing need for population-based surveillance and etiologic research.
Divergent associations between incident hypertension and deprivation based on different sources of case identification.
Aubé-Maurice J, Rochette L, Blais C
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762898
INTRODUCTION: Studies suggest that hypertension is more prevalent in the most deprived. Our objective was to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation in Quebec based on different modes of cas...
INTRODUCTION: Studies suggest that hypertension is more prevalent in the most deprived. Our objective was to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation in Quebec based on different modes of case identification, using two administrative databases. METHODS: We identified new incident cases of hypertension in 2006/2007 in the population aged 20 years plus. Socio-economic status was determined using a material and social deprivation index. Negative binomial regression analyses were carried out to examine the association between incident hypertension and deprivation, adjusting for several covariates. RESULTS: We found a positive and statistically significant association between material deprivation and incident hypertension in women, irrespective of the identifying database. Using the hospitalization database, the incidence of hypertension increased for both sexes as deprivation increased, except for social deprivation in women. However, whether using the physician billing data base or the validated definition of hypertension obtained by combining data from the two databases, the incidence of hypertension decreased overall as deprivation increased. CONCLUSIONS: Associations between hypertension and deprivation differ based on the database used: they are generally positively associated with the hospitalization database and inversely with the standard definition and the physician billing database, which suggests a consultation bias in favour of the most socio-economically advantaged.
Application of a national administrative case definition for the identification of pre-existing diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.
Allen VM, Dodds L, Spencer A … +3 more , Cummings EA, MacDonald N, Kephart G
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Jun · PMID 22762897
INTRODUCTION: Accurate ascertainment of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes allows for the comprehensive surveillance of maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with this chronic disease. METHOD: To determine the...
INTRODUCTION: Accurate ascertainment of pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes allows for the comprehensive surveillance of maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with this chronic disease. METHOD: To determine the accuracy of case definitions for pre-existing diabetes mellitus when applied to a pregnant population, a cohort of women who were pregnant in Nova Scotia, Canada, between 1991 and 2003 was obtained from a population-based provincial perinatal database, the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database (NSAPD). Person-level data from administrative databases using hospital discharge abstract data and outpatient physician services data were linked to this cohort. Various algorithms for defining diabetes mellitus from the administrative data, including the algorithm suggested by the National Diabetes Surveillance System (NDSS), were compared to a reference standard definition from the NSAPD. RESULTS: Validation of the NDSS case definition applied to this pregnant population demonstrated a sensitivity of 87% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.4%. Use of ICD-9 and ICD-10 diagnostic codes among hospitalizations with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy showed important increases in sensitivity and PPV, especially for those pregnancies delivered in tertiary centres. In this population, pregnancy-related administrative data from the hospitalization database alone appear to be a more accurate data source for identifying pre-existing diabetes than applying the NDSS case definition, particularly when pregnant women are delivered in a tertiary hospital. CONCLUSION: Although the NDSS definition of diabetes performs reasonably well compared to a reference standard definition of diabetes, using this definition for evaluating maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with diabetes in pregnancy will result in a certain degree of misclassification and, therefore, biased estimates of outcomes.
A new knowledge synthesis method that is applicable to public policies.
Morestin F
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414308
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
The development of national indicators for the surveillance of osteoporosis in Canada.
LeMessurier J, O'Donnell S, Walsh P … +3 more , McRae L, Bancej C, Osteoporosis Surveillance Expert Working Group
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414307
INTRODUCTION: The Public Health Agency of Canada, in collaboration with bone health and osteoporosis experts from across Canada (n = 12), selected a core set of indicators for the public health surveillance of osteoporos...
INTRODUCTION: The Public Health Agency of Canada, in collaboration with bone health and osteoporosis experts from across Canada (n = 12), selected a core set of indicators for the public health surveillance of osteoporosis using a formal consensus process. METHODS: A literature review identified candidate indicators that were subsequently categorized into an osteoporosis-specific indicator framework. A survey was then administered to obtain expert opinion on the indicators' public health importance. Indicators that scored less than 3 on a Likert scale of 1 (low) to 5 (high) were excluded from further consideration. Subsequently, a majority vote on the remaining indicators' level of public health importance was sought during a face-to-face meeting. RESULTS: The literature yielded 111 indicators, and 88 were selected for further consideration via the survey. At the face-to-face meeting, more than half the experts considered 39 indicators to be important from the public health perspective. CONCLUSION: This core set of indicators will serve to inform the development of new data sources and the integration, analysis and interpretation of existing data into surveillance products for the purpose of public health action.
Correlates of age at diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in six Canadian regions.
Coo H, Ouellette-Kuntz H, Lam M … +9 more , Yu CT, Dewey D, Bernier FP, Chudley AE, Hennessey PE, Breitenbach MM, Noonan AL, Lewis ME, Holden JJ
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414306
INTRODUCTION: Early identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is important, since earlier exposure to behavioural intervention programs may result in better outcomes for the child. Moreover, it allows families ti...
INTRODUCTION: Early identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is important, since earlier exposure to behavioural intervention programs may result in better outcomes for the child. Moreover, it allows families timely access to other treatments and supports. METHODS: Using generalized linear modeling, we examined the association between child and family characteristics and the age at which 2180 children were diagnosed with ASD between 1997 and 2005 in six Canadian regions. RESULTS: A diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) or Asperger syndrome, rural residence, diagnosis in more recent years, and foreign birthplace were associated with a later age at diagnosis. Children who are visible minorities or who have siblings with ASD were more likely to be diagnosed earlier. Collectively, these factors explained little of the variation in age at diagnosis, however. CONCLUSION: While it is encouraging that ethnocultural identity, neighbourhood income, urban or rural residence, and sex of the child were not major contributors to disparities in the age when children were identified with ASD, more work is needed to determine what does account for the differences observed. Regional variations in the impact of several factors suggest that aggregating data may not be an optimal strategy if the findings are meant to inform policy and clinical practice at the local level.
Status report - National Epidemiologic Database for the Study of Autism in Canada (NEDSAC).
Ouellette-Kuntz H, Coo H, Yu CT … +6 more , Lewis ME, Dewey D, Hennessey PE, Jackman PD, Breitenbach MM, Holden JJ
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414305
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Dietary supplement use and iron, zinc and folate intake in pregnant women in London, Ontario.
Roy A, Evers SE, Campbell MK
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414304
INTRODUCTION: We examined the dietary intake of iron, zinc and folate, estimated from both food and supplement sources, in 2019 pregnant women who participated in the Prenatal Health Project (PHP). The PHP recruited preg...
INTRODUCTION: We examined the dietary intake of iron, zinc and folate, estimated from both food and supplement sources, in 2019 pregnant women who participated in the Prenatal Health Project (PHP). The PHP recruited pregnant women from ultrasound clinics in London, Ontario, in the years 2002-2005. METHODS: Participants completed a telephone survey, which included a food frequency questionnaire and questions on dietary supplement use. Frequencies of use of dietary supplements were generated. Nutrient intake values were estimated from food and supplement sources, and summed to calculate total daily intake values. RESULTS: Most women took a multivitamin supplement, and many women took folic acid and iron supplements; however, one-fifth of the sample did not take any supplements providing any of the three micronutrients. Despite being of a higher socio-economic status overall, significant proportions of the cohort ranked below the recommended dietary allowance values for iron, zinc, and folate. This suggests there may be other barriers that impact dietary practices. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required on how to better promote supplement use and a healthy diet during pregnancy.
The National Population Health Survey's assessment of depression risk factor associations: a simulation study assessing vulnerability to bias.
Patten SB
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414303
BACKGROUND: In Canada, the major source of longitudinal information on major depression epidemiology has been the National Population Health Survey (NPHS). However, the timing of NPHS interviews may raise concerns about...
BACKGROUND: In Canada, the major source of longitudinal information on major depression epidemiology has been the National Population Health Survey (NPHS). However, the timing of NPHS interviews may raise concerns about the quality of its estimates. Specifically, the NPHS interview assesses major depressive episodes (MDE) in the year before an interview, whereas the interviews are conducted 2 years apart. The objective of this study was to determine whether this aspect of the NPHS can be expected to introduce bias into longitudinal estimates of risk factor associations. METHODS: A simulation model was used to represent the underlying epidemiology and the expected results of a study adopting the NPHS approach to assessment of MDE. The model was used to explore the extent of the resulting distortion of estimates across a range of underlying hazard ratios. RESULTS: The simulations indicated that the timing and coverage of depression interviews in the NPHS would not introduce substantial bias. The model suggested that incidence would be underestimated as a result of episodes being missed, but that this would not substantially distort estimates of association. CONCLUSION: The timing of interviews in the NPHS is not expected to cause biased relative risk estimates. NPHS estimates may, of course, be influenced by other sources of bias.
Weight management experiences of overweight and obese Canadian adults: findings from a national survey.
Kirk SF, Tytus R, Tsuyuki RT … +1 more , Sharma AM
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 Mar · PMID 22414302
INTRODUCTION: We know little about how the 2006 Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management and prevention of obesity relate to Canadians' weight management experiences or whether these experiences reflect t...
INTRODUCTION: We know little about how the 2006 Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management and prevention of obesity relate to Canadians' weight management experiences or whether these experiences reflect the recommendations in the Guidelines. METHODS: We used data from a general population omnibus survey to understand these two issues, particularly in relation to chronic disease. The survey included 23 questions related to weight management practices as well as those related to demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Of 2004 respondents, 33% were classified as overweight and 20% as obese. In the 12 months before the survey, 48% of overweight and obese respondents reported asking their physician about weight loss, while 30% reported that their physician advised them to lose weight without them specifically asking. With regard to the recommendations within the Guidelines, 14% of overweight and 18% of obese respondents reported having their waist circumference measured, 82% of overweight and 87% of obese respondents reported having their blood pressure measured, and 36% of overweight and 50% of obese respondents reported having a test for diabetes. CONCLUSION: These findings have implications for chronic disease identification and management.
Abstracts presented at the 7th World Alliance for Risk Factor Surveillance (WARFS) Global Conference. October 16-19, 2011. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2012 · PMID 22284719
The 7th World Alliance for Risk Factor Surveillance (WARFS) Global Conference, hosted by the Public Health Agency of Canada, was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from October 16 to 19, 2011. Previous WARFS conferences w...
The 7th World Alliance for Risk Factor Surveillance (WARFS) Global Conference, hosted by the Public Health Agency of Canada, was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from October 16 to 19, 2011. Previous WARFS conferences were held in USA (1999), Finland (2001), Australia (2003), Uruguay (2005) and Italy (2007, 2009). WARFS is a global working group on surveillance under the International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) It supports the development of risk factor surveillance as a tool for evidence-based public health, acknowledging the importance of this source of information to inform, monitor and evaluate disease prevention and health promotion policies and programs. The theme of the 2011 Global Conference was the role of surveillance in the promotion of health. The Global Conference had 146 registered participants, making it the second most attended WARFS conference in its history. Over the three days, participants attended oral and poster presentations from 30 countries. The conference would not have been possible without the hard work of the International Scientific Committee and the Local Organizing Committee. To highlight the importance and the significance of this conference at an international level, Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada (CDIC) is pleased to publish this supplementary issue, which contains 70 abstracts presented at the 7th WARFS Global Conference. In the spirit the Global Conference, this collection of abstracts brings together surveillance material on risk factors, chronic diseases, infectious diseases and injuries from around the world. By making these abstracts widely available, CDIC hopes to further the conference objectives through a continued dialogue between those interested in linking risk factor surveillance to health promotion.
Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Workshop II: Development and dissemination of the DCPNS decision tool for self-monitoring blood glucose in non-insulin-using type 2 diabetes.
Dunbar MJ
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2011 Dec · PMID 22259831
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Workshop I: Promoting meaningful dialogue and action at the provincial level.
Dunbar MJ
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2011 Dec · PMID 22259830
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Research methods of the Youth Smoking Survey (YSS).
Elton-Marshall T, Leatherdale ST, Manske SR … +3 more , Wong K, Ahmed R, Burkhalter R
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2011 Dec · PMID 22153176
This paper describes the survey development, design and data collection protocol for the 2008/2009 Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) and the changes to the YSS survey and protocols across the 5 survey cycles (1994, 2002, 2004/2...
This paper describes the survey development, design and data collection protocol for the 2008/2009 Youth Smoking Survey (YSS) and the changes to the YSS survey and protocols across the 5 survey cycles (1994, 2002, 2004/2005, 2006/2007, 2008/2009). Canada's Youth Smoking Survey is a nationally representative school-based survey of students (grades 6 to 12 in 2008/2009) from randomly sampled public and private schools in the ten provinces. The main objective of the YSS is to provide benchmark data on national smoking prevalence rates for youth. Key features of the 2008/2009 YSS include consistent measures across survey cycles, a survey team of researchers and non-governmental organizations, a link to school and student level measures, provision of tailored feedback reports to schools and publicly available datasets.
Identifying potentially eligible subjects for research: paper-based logs versus the hospital administrative database.
Magee LA, Massey K, von Dadelszen P … +3 more , Fazio M, Payne B, Liston R
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2011 Dec · PMID 22153175
INTRODUCTION: The Canadian Perinatal Network (CPN) is a national database focused on threatened very pre-term birth. Women with one or more conditions most commonly associated with very pre-term birth are included if adm...
INTRODUCTION: The Canadian Perinatal Network (CPN) is a national database focused on threatened very pre-term birth. Women with one or more conditions most commonly associated with very pre-term birth are included if admitted to a participating tertiary perinatal unit at 22 weeks and 0 days to 28 weeks and 6 days. METHODS: At BC Women's Hospital and Health Centre, we compared traditional paper-based ward logs and a search of the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) electronic database of inpatient discharges to identify patients. RESULTS: The study identified 244 women potentially eligible for inclusion in the CPN admitted between April and December 2007. Of the 155 eligible women entered into the CPN database, each method identified a similar number of unique records (142 and 147) not ascertained by the other: 10 (6.4%) by CIHI search and 5 (3.2%) by ward log review. However, CIHI search achieved these results after reviewing fewer records (206 vs. 223) in less time (0.67 vs. 13.6 hours for ward logs). CONCLUSION: Either method is appropriate for identification of potential research subjects using gestational age criteria. Although electronic methods are less time-consuming, they cannot be performed until after the patient is discharged and records and charts are reviewed. Each method's advantages and disadvantages will dictate use for a specific project.
2008 Niday Perinatal Database quality audit: report of a quality assurance project.
Dunn S, Bottomley J, Ali A … +1 more , Walker M
Chronic Dis Inj Can · 2011 Dec · PMID 22153174
INTRODUCTION: This quality assurance project was designed to determine the reliability, completeness and comprehensiveness of the data entered into Niday Perinatal Database. METHODS: Quality of the data was measured by c...
INTRODUCTION: This quality assurance project was designed to determine the reliability, completeness and comprehensiveness of the data entered into Niday Perinatal Database. METHODS: Quality of the data was measured by comparing data re-abstracted from the patient record to the original data entered into the Niday Perinatal Database. A representative sample of hospitals in Ontario was selected and a random sample of 100 linked mother and newborn charts were audited for each site. A subset of 33 variables (representing 96 data fields) from the Niday dataset was chosen for re-abstraction. RESULTS: Of the data fields for which Cohen's kappa statistic or intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated, 44% showed substantial or almost perfect agreement (beyond chance). However, about 17% showed less than 95% agreement and a kappa or ICC value of less than 60% indicating only slight, fair or moderate agreement (beyond chance). DISCUSSION: Recommendations to improve the quality of these data fields are presented.
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