Journal Of Parasitic Diseases[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Presence of the knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the head lice () population in the North of Iran.
Eslami R, Karami M, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T … +1 more , Mirtabar-Darzi SM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493468 · Full text
Head lice infestation continues to be a major health problem worldwide. In order to solve this problem, frequent use of pediculocides has caused growing resistance among head lice population. This study aims to investiga...
Head lice infestation continues to be a major health problem worldwide. In order to solve this problem, frequent use of pediculocides has caused growing resistance among head lice population. This study aims to investigate the presence of the knockdown resistance () mutation in the head lice population in northern Iran. Adult head lice were collected from 115 infested individuals referring to the health centers in different parts of Mazandaran province, northern Iran. 38 samples were randomly selected, and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 332-bp and ⁓ 900-bp fragment of the α-subunit of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel () gene. According to the analysis of a 332-bp fragment of the gene, the frequency of kdr T917I mutation including homozygous susceptible (SS), heterozygous resistant (RS), and homozygous resistant (RR) were 45.83%, 12.5%, and 41.66%, respectively. The total frequency of the resistance allele was 54.16%. The results of the 900-bp fragment of the gene showed two new mutations in the IIS1-2 extracellular loop (H813P) and IIS2 (S825R) and old well-known kdr mutations (M815I-T917I-L920F). The results of Hardy-Weinberg's exact equilibrium test showed that the frequency of genotypes in the studied areas is different from expectations. Moreover, a positive inbreeding coefficient value (F >0) was found in studied areas which indicated an excess of homozygotes. Overall, the results showed a high frequency of resistant alleles in the northern region of the country. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate control programs for the treatment of pediculosis.
Therapeutic potential of platelet rich plasma against experimental infection: in vivo study in immunosuppressed mice.
Mahmoud NR, Younis AI, Zalat RS … +2 more , Soliman ASA, Khater MM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493467 · Full text
The present study was designed to assess the possible effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) when used individually and in combination with nitazoxanide (NTZ) on experimental () infection. It was conducted on 100 male al...
The present study was designed to assess the possible effects of platelet rich plasma (PRP) when used individually and in combination with nitazoxanide (NTZ) on experimental () infection. It was conducted on 100 male albino mice, laboratory bred in Theodore Bilharz Research Institute. Starting from the 7th day post infection (p.i), therapeutics were given to immunosuppressed infected mice, which were divided as follows; oral NTZ treated group (0.2 mg/g/day for 6 consecutive days), six-PRP-treated groups (0.5 μl/g/week) to be administered intravenously (IV) in 1st, 2nd, 3rd week as PRP alone in (3 groups) and combined with oral NTZ (0.2 mg/g/day for 6 consecutive days) in (3 groups). Parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical assessments of therapeutics under study were done. Fecal pellets collected from groups at different intervals were stained using modified Ziehl-Neelsen and examined under microscope. Among PRP-treated groups, the highest significant percentage of oocyst reduction (89.96%) was observed in the group received 3 doses of PRP in combination with NTZ on the 35th day post infection. Likewise, the histopathological examination of small intestinal tissue sections showed improvement in villous architecture with mild to moderate stunting and moderate inflammatory infiltrates in lamina propria. Immunohistochemical staining of small intestinal tissue sections showed moderate increase in the expression of TGF-β1. Therefore, PRP can be a novel strategy in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis particularly when combined with NTZ.
The antimalarial profiling of 's herbal formulation attenuated biochemical alterations and improved hepatocytes' histoarchitecture in -infected mice.
Asanga EE, Joseph AP, Okoroiwu HU … +10 more , Nelson PE, Edet UO, Edet BO, Umoafia NE, Archibong C, Udoh IE, Isienyi CC, Ikpeme JG, Akpaja VB, Nlemadim OM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Jun · PMID 39297004 · Full text
Plasmodium parasite causes malaria and affects the biochemical, physiological, and histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes and blood. The resultant effect leads to alterations in the metabolic activities of the liver, eryth...
Plasmodium parasite causes malaria and affects the biochemical, physiological, and histoarchitecture of the hepatocytes and blood. The resultant effect leads to alterations in the metabolic activities of the liver, erythrocytes, as well as the buffer system. Therefore, we investigated the antiplasmodial activity, histomorphological studies of the hepatocytes and alterations in biochemical parameters in infected mice administered with the herbal formulation of aqueous extracts of stem bark and leaves. The plant coarse leaves (250.71 g) and stem bark (509.34 g) were weighed to obtain their ratios, macerated in boiled distilled water (5 L) for 72 h, filtered, and concentrated to obtain the various extracts whereas LD calculation gave 5500.19 mg/kg. The extracts were administered to eleven groups of mice at a dosage of 300 mg/kg whereas artesunate and ACT served as the positive control drugs; the antiplasmodial profiling, biochemical, and histological evaluations followed standard protocols. The schizonticidal activity of the extracts were remarkable; moreover, the histological section of the liver (negative control) had increased deposition of hemozoin, sinusoidal congestions, activation of kupffer cells, and portal tract inflammations; however, the other treatment groups in the study drastically reduced inflammation. The biochemical parameters' results revealed metabolic acidosis mitigation; hypocholesterolemia induction; enhanced hyperproteinemia, as well as hypoglycemia mitigation. The antiplasmodial therapeutic response, and biochemical derangements reversal corroborated with improved hepatocytes histoarchitecture of mice highlights the plant's pharmacological efficacy.
Prevailing parasitic diseases affecting in Lake Burullus.
Aboyadak IM, Hadied MA, Ali NG
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145373 · Full text
Lake Burullus is an important source of fish production in Egypt; it produces 20.5% of the Egyptian fisheries' production. There is intense controversy about the heavy metal pollution in Burullus water and its effects on...
Lake Burullus is an important source of fish production in Egypt; it produces 20.5% of the Egyptian fisheries' production. There is intense controversy about the heavy metal pollution in Burullus water and its effects on fish health and safety for human consumption. Heavy metals represent a major concern for aquatic life and could negatively affect fish health. Agricultural and industrial water drainage represents a considerable part of the lake water supply. The present work was conducted to determine heavy metal concentrations in lake water and blue tilapia musculature. Water samples were collected from six locations to determine cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and iron. Sixty fish samples were also collected from the same sampling points to assess the prevalent parasites infesting fish and to determine the heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe) concentrations in fish musculature then study the relationship between heavy metals concentration and prevailing fish parasites. Results indicated that 53.34% of the examined fish were infested with encysted metacercaria. , , and were retrieved from gills, musculature, hepatopancreas and the posterior kidney. The parasitic intensity in fish tissues was between 1 and 9 cyst g. was identified using the polymerase chain reaction in the gill tissues of 16 fish. The gill parasitic copepod was identified in one fish. Degenerative changes such as thickening, corrugation, and destruction of gill filament are the most dominant pathological changes in infested fish gills. Heavy metal concentrations in water samples were at normal levels, except for copper and iron in the southern part of the lake. All heavy metals in fish musculature were below the permissible limits. The parasitic infestation was more dominant in the northern part of the lake than in the southern region; this could be due to elevated copper concentration in the southern part of the lake that could negatively affect the survival of the first intermediate host and parasite cercaria. In conclusion, captured fish from Lake Burullus were safe for human consumption, and heavy metal pollution in lake water does not represent a severe risk.
Geographical and temporal dynamics of genetic diversity of merozoite surface proteins 1/2 in India.
Kojom Foko LP, Jakhan J, Narang G … +1 more , Singh V
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145372 · Full text
UNLABELLED: The high genetic diversity of () is a big obstacle to successful vaccine development programs. Here, the geographical and temporal dynamics of the genetic diversity of Indian isolates from patients living i...
UNLABELLED: The high genetic diversity of () is a big obstacle to successful vaccine development programs. Here, the geographical and temporal dynamics of the genetic diversity of Indian isolates from patients living in Ranchi, Raipur, Mewat, and Rourkela were analyzed. Typing and frequency of merozoite surface protein 1 and 2 genes (), their genotypes, clonality, heterozygosity, multiplicity of infection, and neutral evolution metrics were computed. A phylogenetic analysis was also performed for these two genes. The dominant allelic types were K1 (55%) and MAD20 (55%) for , and FC27 (64.7%) for . Infections were mainly monoclonal in Ranchi and Mewat while polyclonal in Raipur and Rourkela. Polyclonal infections dropped from 57.1 to 71.3% in 2013 to 33.3-33.4% in 2016 in Raipur. K1 and MAD20 sequences were highly diverse due to the organization of the amino acid units SGG, SVA, SVT, and SGN. The IC/3D7-related G,S,A-rich region showed a large variation of four to eight amino acid repeats, including mostly GAVASA (81.8%), GSGA (54.5%), and GASGSA (45.5%). The 32-amino acid sequence of the FC27 type was present in all isolates with several mutations. The sequences were not under neutral evolution, except the K1 family, which is under balancing selection. The sequences are phylogenetically closer to previous Indian sequences than those from Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania. This study outlines a high genetic diversity of infections with complex structure, and evolutionary signature changed with time. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01698-8.
In vitro anthelmintic efficacy of Ferulic and Sinapic acid against zoonotic cestode (Rudolphi, 1819).
Saha S, Mondal C, Mandal S … +2 more , Ray MS, Lyndem LM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145371 · Full text
The present study is aimed to investigate potential in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of two phenolic compounds Ferulic acid and Sinapic acid against the parasite . Adult parasites collected from infected rat's intestine (m...
The present study is aimed to investigate potential in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of two phenolic compounds Ferulic acid and Sinapic acid against the parasite . Adult parasites collected from infected rat's intestine (maintained in our laboratory) were treated with 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL concentrations of both the compounds in RPMI-1640 media containing 1% Tween 20. Further, one group was treated in Praziquantel as a reference drug and another group of parasites were kept as control. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of motility and mortality of the parasites. The paralyzed worms were further processed for the morphological and ultrastructural studies and observed through light and scanning electron microscopy. A significant dose-dependent efficacy was found in all treatment and decrease in relative movability value was also recorded in all the concentrations of two compounds treated parasites. The time taken for paralysis in 5 mg/mL of Ferulic acid and 10 mg/mL of Sinapic acid were 1.47 ± 0.04 h and 0.88 ± 0.03 h respectively which is accorded with the standard concentration of Praziquantel. Morphological micrographs revealed pronounced distortion and altered topography of scolex and tegument while histological study showed loss of uniform tegumental integrity with folds and cracks in the treated parasites. Further, extensive alteration in the scolex and irrevocable disruption all over the body surface with loss of trapezoid shape, shrinkage of tegument and sloughing off microtriches were observed in electron microscopic study. The study indicated that both the compounds possess strong activity against and further studies are required to understand their detailed mode of action to exploit them as potential alternative candidates for curing helminthiases.
Epidemiological characteristics and molecular identification of species among cases of imported malaria in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Al-Mutairat RMKF, Iqbal J, El Sayad MH … +4 more , Farag HF, Kethireddy AV, Sher A, El-Taweel HA
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145370 · Full text
Cases of imported malaria are reported each year in several malaria non-endemic countries, including Kuwait. PCR testing is the ideal method for identification of the infecting spp. The present study documented the epid...
Cases of imported malaria are reported each year in several malaria non-endemic countries, including Kuwait. PCR testing is the ideal method for identification of the infecting spp. The present study documented the epidemiologic characteristics of molecularly confirmed cases of imported malaria in Kuwait during the first year of COVID-19 pandemic. During the period from February 2020 to February 2021, 100 travelers with suspected malaria who had come from malaria-endemic countries of Africa (n = 60) and Asia (n = 40) were examined. Malaria diagnosis was made by microscopy of blood-stained smears and confirmed by a multiplex real-time PCR assay. Samples with discordant species identification results were sequenced. A total of 27 cases (27%) [ 14; 11; 1 mixed and , 1] were detected, of whom 12 came to Kuwait for the first time and 15 were returning after visiting their home countries. Most of the returning travelers (12 out of 15 cases, 80%) had not received malaria chemoprophylaxis. Most cases of falciparum malaria (13/15) were Africans while most of the vivax cases (9/11) were Asians. Malaria was more common among subjects entering Kuwait for the first time (OR = 4.025, CI 1.07,15.1) and illiterates (OR = 13.8, CI 1.8,101.4). In conclusion, imported malaria caused mainly by and was an ongoing problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. Travel history and education level were significant predictors of malaria among suspected cases.
Molecular detection of , and infection in cattle and buffaloes in India.
Fatima SA, Gonuguntla HN, Muthappa PN … +1 more , Sarangi LN
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145369 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant global threat, causing substantial economic losses to the dairy industry. In India, tropical theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis are major hemo-...
UNLABELLED: Tick-borne pathogens pose a significant global threat, causing substantial economic losses to the dairy industry. In India, tropical theileriosis, anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis are major hemo-parasitic diseases affecting bovines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hemo-parasites in different farms in India. PCR assays were employed to detect carrier status, using gene targets and for and species, respectively. Out of the 578 apparently healthy animals screened, 30.45% (95% CI: 26.84-34.32%) were infected with at least one hemo-parasite. Cattle showed an overall positivity of 32.87%, while buffaloes had a prevalence of 15.19%, which was statistically significant ( < 0.001). Interestingly, prevalence was higher in indigenous cattle (47.81%) compared to cross-breeds (25.53%) and exotics (14.62%), with a statistically significant difference ( < 0.001). The prevalence of hemo-parasites varied widely among the farms, ranging from 5.77 to 100%. was the most prevalent parasite (23.70% of animals), followed by (13.67%), species (1.90%), and species (1.56%). Enzootic instability was observed in six of the eight farms, indicating a potential for future outbreaks. Co-infection was detected in 60 out of 176 animals positive for hemo-parasites, with 59 animals co-infected with and , and only one cross-breed cattle infected with both and . The findings highlight the prevalence of hemo-parasites in farms, underscoring the need for whole-herd screening, treatment of infected animals, and improvement in farm management practices to prevent production losses caused by these pathogens. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01673-3.
as apotential therapeutic agent for lymphatic filariasis.
Jebaseelan J, Sadiq SB, Ravikumar AP … +2 more , Annaraj J, Balakrishnan AS
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145368 · Full text
This study investigates the medicinal potential of () leaves for the management of Lymphatic filariasis (LF). Phytochemical screening of the methanolic leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenol...
This study investigates the medicinal potential of () leaves for the management of Lymphatic filariasis (LF). Phytochemical screening of the methanolic leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The GC-MS analysis identified 24 phytoconstituents, including the major alkaloid "mitraphylline." Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of various functional groups corresponding to the identified compounds. The extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity against and . In vitro macrofilaricidal screening demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of worm motility and MTT reduction, indicating its potential as a macrofilaricidal agent. The larvicidal bioassay showed notable effectiveness against larvae, with 1% concentration displaying the highest larvicidal activity. Concentration-dependent antioxidant activity was observed using the DPPH assay, with 100 µg/ml showing the highest antioxidant potential. The findings suggest the potential of leaves for LF management, supporting further research to identify active compounds and elucidate their mechanisms of action. The study highlights the plant's diverse bioactive compounds, antibacterial and macrofilaricidal activities, larvicidal efficacy, and significant antioxidant properties. Future investigations, including in vivo experiments and clinical trials, are warranted to validate the safety and efficacy of as a potential therapeutic agent for LF.
Correction: Morphological and molecular analysis of from catfish in Northeast India on the basis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA.
Lyngdoh D, Warjri CD, Zas P … +1 more , Shabong GC
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145367 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01613-7.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01613-7.].
Redescription of alien nematode, (Malhotra and Anas, 2001) of evolutionary significance with revised key to the family Raphidascarididae Hartwich 1954.
Jaiswal N, Yadav A, Malhotra SK
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145366 · Full text
The redescription of has brought to focus Scanning Electron microscopic evidence of evolutionary consequence. The intestinal caeca, ventriculus and ventricular appendix of family Anisakidae; ventriculus and ventricular...
The redescription of has brought to focus Scanning Electron microscopic evidence of evolutionary consequence. The intestinal caeca, ventriculus and ventricular appendix of family Anisakidae; ventriculus and ventricular appendix of family Raphidascaridae; and along with it, post-cloacal collarette of family Physalopteridae in worms recovered from coral-reef associated fish hosts at '' island, evidently confirmed that the characters of as many as three families were encountered in . The selective adaptation of these specific characters exhibited significant evolutionary trend, and indeed these could radiate connecting link features of Raphidascarididae. Additionally, an inversely bifurcated interlabia on head and pre-cloacal as well as specialized lateral 'sunflower' papillae comprised significant taxonomic information on systematics of ascaridoid (raphidascaridid) nematodes. Interestingly, these worms equipped with remarkably advanced features parasitized primitive host group like, Pisces, in the series of vertebrates, contrary to the characteristics of co-evolution in which parasitizing organism gradually acquired advanced features as it progressed up the ladder of evolution (from Pisces to Mammalia). In the parasitic world, therefore, the worm like with its occupancy in the highly evolved group i.e. mammals obviously exemplified 'co-evolution', while on the contrary 'Reverse Co-evolution' was the event that was encountered in .
Detection of by microscopy and molecular methods in women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Northwest Iran.
Barzgar G, Ahmadpour E, Ahmadi R … +3 more , Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Kohansal MH
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145365 · Full text
Trichomoniasis is a parasitic disease that affects the human reproductive and urinary systems, representing a substantial non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Given its impact on reproductive health, and t...
Trichomoniasis is a parasitic disease that affects the human reproductive and urinary systems, representing a substantial non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Given its impact on reproductive health, and the limited available information on the prevalence of , this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of among women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Northwest Iran. Study was conducted on 448 suspicious women who attended to 29Bahman hospital in Tabriz, Northwest Iran, during September 2020 to September 2021. Demographic data were collected according to the study protocol. Vaginal discharges were obtained using sterile swabs, and the prevalence of was determined using Papanicolauo staining and PCR method. Among the 448 cases studied, 48 (10.7%) samples were suspected as a infection, while 4 (0.89%) confirmed using the PCR method. The mean age of infected individuals was 41.7 ± 9.4 years. No statistical correlation was observed between inflammation, method of contraception and infection ( = 0.8). The present study revealed a relatively low prevalence of infection within the study population. Additionally, the utilization of the PCR method can be beneficial in confirming suspected samples.
Effect of sp. infection on hematological parameters and trace element status in children with iron-deficiency anemia.
Hamdy DA, Fahmey SS, Abd El Wahab WM … +2 more , Mohamed SS, Mohamed YA
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145364 · Full text
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which causes greater morbidity and mortality in children, has multifactorial causes, including many helminthic and protozoal infections. Herein, the study aimed to find out the frequency and...
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which causes greater morbidity and mortality in children, has multifactorial causes, including many helminthic and protozoal infections. Herein, the study aimed to find out the frequency and associated risk of sp. infection among children with IDA, together with the estimation of the serum levels of iron, zinc, copper, and vitamin A. Both stool and blood samples were obtained from 90 children with a confirmed diagnosis of IDA and 90 non-anemic children. sp. was diagnosed by direct stool examination and Invitro cultivation methods. Different hematological parameters were recorded, and the serum level of iron, zinc, copper, and vitamin A was measured in serum samples. The overall predominance of in children was 36.7%, significantly higher ( < 0.001) in children with IDA (55.6%) compared to non-anemic controls (17.8%). Furthermore, infected children were 5.781 times more prone to be anemic (OR = 5.781). All IDA cases with positive infection had a mean hemoglobin level of 9.55 g/dl (moderate anemia). While in other non-infected IDA cases, it was 9.56 g/dl, showing no statistical difference ( = 0.845). Serum levels of zinc, iron, and vitamin A considerably decreased, whereas serum copper levels significantly increased in IDA children infected with . The current research is the first in Egypt to indicate that infection in children is a high-risk factor for developing IDA. infection significantly alters the metabolic and biochemical processes and interferes with the absorption of micronutrients and vitamin A in IDA children.
Evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic activity of crude extract and synthesized green silver nanoparticles of the leaves of L.
Khanrah J, Rawani A
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145363 · Full text
One of the most severe parasite infections to ever plague animals, paramphistomosis is particularly devastating in tropical and subtropical areas and causes significant economic losses to the world's food industry and po...
One of the most severe parasite infections to ever plague animals, paramphistomosis is particularly devastating in tropical and subtropical areas and causes significant economic losses to the world's food industry and poor animal health. In the present study potency of the crude extract and green synthesized silver nanoparticles from fresh and mature L. leaves was evaluated on trematode , collected from the infected rumen of the cow ) in 0.9% phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The crude extract at five dose levels (1 mL, 2 mL, 3 mL 4 mL, and 5 ml), and silver nanoparticles (AgNps) at the five dose levels (10 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 70 and 90 mg/mL) were applied. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Characterization studies of AgNPs revealed the synthesis of stable, crystalline AgNPs measuring an average size of 20-50 nm. The efficacy was evaluated based on the spontaneous movement reduction and death of . Maximum anthelmintic activity was found at the dose of 5 mL of crude extract and 90 mg/mL of AgNPs of leaves. The scanning electron micrograph study of treated helminths of crude and AgNps revealed conspicuous distortion on the surface architecture. It also showed shrinkage of the whole body and severe damage on both suckers (anterior and posterior). AgNPs caused more shredded and torn tegumental surfaces with loss of tegumental papillae compared to untreated. Thus, this study confirmed that the leaves extract and synthesized AgNPs can be a potential alternative herbal drug in traditional folklore medicine against serious helminth infections in our livestock industry.
Probiotics: an alternative anti-parasite therapy.
Mandal S, Mondal C, Lyndem LM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145362 · Full text
This paper review about probiotic effects and mechanism of action against the gut and non-gut helminths and protozoan parasites. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are considered a serious health problem and are widel...
This paper review about probiotic effects and mechanism of action against the gut and non-gut helminths and protozoan parasites. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections are considered a serious health problem and are widely distributed globally. The disease process which emanates from this parasite infection provides some of the many public and veterinary health problems in the tropical and sub-tropical countries. Prevention and control of the parasite disease is through antihelmintic and anti-protozoan drugs, but, due to the increasing emergence of such drug resistance, eradication of parasite infestation in human and livestock still lingers a challenge, which requires the development of new alternative strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms i.e. probiotics is becoming interesting due to their prophylactic application against several diseases including parasite infections. Recent studies on the interactions between probiotics, parasites and host immune cells using animal models and in vitro culture systems has increased considerably and draw much attention, yet the mechanisms of actions mediating the positive effects of these beneficial microorganisms on the hosts remain unexplored. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to summarize the latest findings on the probiotic research against the gut and non-gut parasites of significance.
Impact of water quality and morphometric indices on the spatio-temporal prevalence of fish endo-parasites and diversity in the Ase River, Niger-Delta, Nigeria.
Ito EE, Egwunyenga AO
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145361 · Full text
Three stations along the Ase River, Delta State Nigeria provided water and 85 fish samples which were analyzed. The fish were measured and examined for endoparasites according to established protocol. All water quality p...
Three stations along the Ase River, Delta State Nigeria provided water and 85 fish samples which were analyzed. The fish were measured and examined for endoparasites according to established protocol. All water quality parameters investigated were within the WHO-acceptable values for surface waters. Station variation of physicochemical parameters was not statistically significant ( > 0.05). Fish body conformation indices positively correlated with the prevalence of parasites in , and . The overall parasite prevalence of 63.53% was established with the most abundant parasite being . The parasites had a predilection for the gastrointestinal tract with a high occurrence of 307 individuals. Stations 1, 2, and 3 had 326, 213, and 259 parasites, respectively, out of a total of 798 parasites detected. was absent in station 1. All parasites were found in stations 2 and 3. Statistically, there was a significant difference ( < 0.05) in the prevalence in all stations. The correlation index of and in stations 1 and 3 was positively strong ( < 0.05) with the concentrations of water quality. However, water conditions in stations 1 and 3 had a deleterious impact on . maintained a high positive correlation with physicochemical water quality in all three stations. Shannon-Weiner's index in station 3 (H = 1.337) shows that the parasites were more diverse. PCA and biodiversity indices have enabled us to comprehend how parasite-host-environment systems interact.
Are artefacts misleading the diagnosis of in microscopy? Observations.
Ulaganeethi R, Rajkumari N, Ramachandrappa VKS … +2 more , Dorairajan G, Saya GK
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145360 · Full text
Stool has multiple components, which include undigested food material, plant, animal products, normal intestinal microbiome, and parasites. Due to the existence of all the elements, stool parasite examination is cumberso...
Stool has multiple components, which include undigested food material, plant, animal products, normal intestinal microbiome, and parasites. Due to the existence of all the elements, stool parasite examination is cumbersome, especially with identification of the eggs of . We examined 650 stool samples of pregnant women before anti-helminthic treatment. We found that the prevalence of was 5.4% (95% CI 3.8-7.4, n = 35) by a single observer in microscopy, and the majority (33/35) were identified as decorticated fertilized eggs. The prevalence of by molecular methods was 2.6% (95% CI 1.5-4.2%, n = 17). Five samples were positive by both methods. The prevalence of structures resembling was 4.6% (95% CI 3.1-6.5, n = 30). Three of the positive samples were confirmed with sequencing. With the subjective nature of microscopy along with the naked eye examination, errors can happen. Hence adequate training and confirmation with molecular techniques for identification of are advisable.
Epidemiological studies of (Digenea: Trematoda) infecting freshwater catfish in the Aligarh region of Uttar Pradesh.
Sahreen A, Saifullah MK
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145359 · Full text
Fisheries and aquaculture are crucial for ensuring food security and are significant sources of income and social advancement in developing nations. Parasitic infections among fish in natural and artificial culture syste...
Fisheries and aquaculture are crucial for ensuring food security and are significant sources of income and social advancement in developing nations. Parasitic infections among fish in natural and artificial culture systems are detrimental to their health and growth. Epidemiological studies are a prerequisite to understanding the dynamics of the disease in a fish population. In the present study, we have evaluated the prevalence and seasonal variation of the digenetic trematode parasite infecting the catfish from the Aligarh region of Uttar Pradesh. To perform epidemiological studies, regular sampling of fish was carried out from March 2018 to February 2023. A total of 1110 fish were examined, of which 293 were infected with The total number of parasites recovered from the fish host was 1297 and the prevalence and mean intensity were 26.39% and 4.42, respectively. The highest prevalence of infection, with a value of 34.94%, was observed during the winter season, while the summer season exhibited the lowest prevalence of 12.78%. The findings suggest that the prevalence of the parasite is highest during the late monsoon to early winter months and lowest during the summer to early monsoon months. This variation in prevalence may be attributed to environmental conditions, particularly temperature fluctuations. The necessity to assess parasite infection arises because parasitic infection or sickness in fish causes significant damage to the fishing industry, and as a consequence, livelihoods in poor or developing countries are affected.
Molecular epidemiology of bovine theileriosis and genetic diversity of in three governorates of Egypt.
Hassan MR, Abdullah HHAM, Abdel-Shafy S … +3 more , El-Maadawy RS, Abd El-Gawad SM, Khater H
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145358 · Full text
Bovine theileriosis is a protozoan disease caused by the intracellular parasite ( spp.) transmitted by ticks and it is considered one of the most significant parasitic diseases, potentially endangering Egyptian cattle he...
Bovine theileriosis is a protozoan disease caused by the intracellular parasite ( spp.) transmitted by ticks and it is considered one of the most significant parasitic diseases, potentially endangering Egyptian cattle herd industry. The present study was conducted for a molecular survey of bovine theileriosis and its associated risk factors (season variations, geographical locations, breeds, age, sex, tick infestation, and acaricide applications) in three Egyptian governorates, Beni-Suef, Al-Faiyum, and Al-Minya for a year extended from December 2021 to November 2022, in addition, genetic diversity of isolates. A total of 961 cattle were examined for infection clinically, microscopically, and by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using gene for piroplasms DNA detection, genus-specific primers of the small subunit of gene, and specific primers of the gene. The prevalence rate of bovine theileriosis was 9.26%, and 11.86% using Giemsa-stained blood smear and PCR, respectively. All positive samples screened by genus-specific primers were positive for when screened by the specific primers. Based on molecular screening, season, cattle breeds and acaricide applications were considered risk factors for infection, while locality, age, sex and tick infestation had insignificant effects with the occurrence of the disease. A potential novel haplotype based on the gene was identified with accession numbers OR364144 and OR915851. Therefore, was the only species found and played a significant problem in the cattle population. This study could be the basis for future studies on unexplored regions and different animal species for well-structured prevention and control measures.
Evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of mucus and tissue nucleoproteins extracted from snails on schistosomiasis .
Nafie EH, Abou-Gamra MM, Mossalem HS … +4 more , Sarhan RM, Hammam OA, Nasr SM, Anwar MM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Sep · PMID 39145357 · Full text
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with considerable morbidity. The lone effective drug, praziquantel (PZQ), is showing emergence of drug resistance hence, searching for new supportive treatment is crucial....
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with considerable morbidity. The lone effective drug, praziquantel (PZQ), is showing emergence of drug resistance hence, searching for new supportive treatment is crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of mucus and nucleoproteins (NPs) extracted from () snails on miracidia, cercariae and () adults in vitro and assess their experimental in vivo effect through parasitological, histopathological, and biochemical parameters. The in vivo study included 90 male Swiss albino mice. Mice were grouped into 9 groups; G1-G5 were infected and treated with; GI: PZQ, GII: mucus, GIII: combined PZQ and mucus, GIV: NPs, GV: combined PZQ and NPs. Control groups; C: Non infected non treated (negative control), C: Infected non treated (positive control), C: Non infected mucus treated and C: Non infected NPs treated. The in vitro study proved that the mucus had a better lethal effect on cercariae than miracidia, while NPs had better lethal effect on miracidia. The mucus lethal effect on adults surpassed the NPs as 100% and 60%, respectively. The in vivo study proved that the combined NPs or mucus with PZQ added to the effect of individual PZQ resulting in 100% total worm burden (TWB) reduction. As regard oxidative stress markers, the lowest level of nitric oxide (NO) was shown with combined PZQ and NPs. While, the highest glutathione (GSH) level was produced by individual PZQ. The study concluded that mucus and NPs of had cercaricidal, miracidicidal and anti-schistosomal effect in vitro and that their combination could be considered a contribution to PZQ potentiality in vivo.
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