Journal Of Parasitic Diseases[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Comprehensive review on parasitic infections reported in the common fish found in UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Mustafa RA, Rather SA, Kousar R … +4 more , Ashraf MV, Shah AA, Ahmad S, Khan MAH
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493488 · Full text
The people of Jammu and Kashmir rely heavily on fish as a source of nutritional protein. Fishes also contribute significantly to the local economy of this area. However, several infectious disorders, some of which are br...
The people of Jammu and Kashmir rely heavily on fish as a source of nutritional protein. Fishes also contribute significantly to the local economy of this area. However, several infectious disorders, some of which are brought on by helminth parasites, constitute a persistent threat to fish. The primary goal of the present review is to find out the parasites in common fishes found in Jammu and Kashmir as well as the impact of parasites on fishes and sickness on human health. Like other animals, fishes are susceptible to several diseases, many of which are external in origin while others are internal in origin. Fishes are known to be susceptible to parasites, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other external agents that can cause disease, and they also commonly experience organic and degenerative problems internally. Fish parasites have significant impact on both fish and human health. These diverse organisms, including protozoa, helminths, and crustaceans, can infest various fish tissues, leading to detrimental effects. Infested fish often experience reduced growth, weakened immune system, behavioral changes, physical damage, and even mortality. Economically, fish parasites can diminish the value of fish in markets and increase production costs in fisheries and aquaculture. Moreover, fish parasites pose potential human health risks. Consumers who ingest raw or undercooked fish containing certain parasites, like spp., may develop gastrointestinal discomfort or anisakiasis. Proper cooking and freezing can mitigate this risk. While fish parasites are primarily harmful, they also play ecological roles, contributing to biodiversity and ecosystem stability by controlling fish populations. Understanding the complex interactions between parasites, fish, and their environment is vital for effective fisheries management, aquaculture practices, and public health measures. Striking a balance between controlling parasite infestation and maintaining ecological integrity is crucial for sustaining both fish populations and human well-being.
Serological diagnosis of in mothers and their neonate referred to selected teaching hospitals, Tehran, Iran, 2020.
Mohebi M, Aghamolaei S, Sohrabi MR … +2 more , Khazan H, Rostami A
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493487 · Full text
Toxocariasis is a common zoonotic parasitic disease, primarily caused by the larvae of or . Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of infective eggs in soil contaminated with feces of infected animals, or b...
Toxocariasis is a common zoonotic parasitic disease, primarily caused by the larvae of or . Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of infective eggs in soil contaminated with feces of infected animals, or by consuming undercooked meat from paratenic hosts harboring larvae. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of spp. in 250 mothers and their 250 neonates referred to selected teaching hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2020. Data were recorded using a specialized questionnaire, and serum and peripheral blood smears (for eosinophil count) were collected. Serum samples were tested using the ELISA serological test for IgG antibodies against spp. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 21.0. A chi-square test was performed, and a value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 500 participants, 24 cases (4.8%) tested positive for anti- IgG antibodies. Seropositive cases included 6 mothers only (25%), 6 neonates only (25%), and 12 cases both mother and their neonate (50%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between the presence of anti- antibodies and hospital type and nationality ( value < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was found between the presence of antibodies and other demographic variables such as age, sex, eosinophilia, and history of contact with animals in mothers and their neonates ( value > 0.05). This study indicates a substantial rate infection in mothers and neonates, necessitating appropriate preventive measures by the relevant authorities.
infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: a comorbidity study.
Allam AF, Farag HF, Shehab AY … +3 more , El Sahy AS, Khalil SS, El-Latif NFA
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493486 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The implication of human () infection in concomitance with other risk factors such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still under c...
BACKGROUND: The implication of human () infection in concomitance with other risk factors such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still under controversy. This work aimed. to evaluate the role of infection in association with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and other risk factors in the development and/or progress of HCC. METHODS: The present study was carried out on 90 HCC patients recruited from Kafr El-Sheikh Liver Disease Research Institute. After obtaining their informed consents, socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and patients were examined for by Kato-Katz and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) techniques. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was determined. The Child-Pugh scoring system and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system were used to evaluate the pathological features of the studied patients. RESULTS: All participants were negative for active by Kato-Katz. Based on IHA, the participants were categorized into two groups: group I: sixty-two patients negative for and group II: twenty-eight schistosomiasis positive. The patients' age ranged between 40->60, HCC was more prevalent in the age range of > 50-60 years in both groups. Males were more than females and rural participants were more than urban patients in both groups. Most of the patients (88.9%) had HCV while 7.8% had HBV. A higher proportion of HCC patients showed concomitant HCV and (92.6%) than the negative group. The frequency of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) was four-fold higher among HCC patients positive for schistosomiasis compared to negative schistosomiasis cases (64% vs. 16%). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level was higher in group II than that in group I with no significant difference. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the two studied groups regarding Child scores. On the contrary, BCLC class D was significantly higher among HCC positive schistosomiasis cases compared to the negative group. CONCLUSION: Concomitant with HCV and HBV potentiate HCC progression.
Anthelmintic activity of crude and separated extract of (Xanthorrhoeaceae) against bovine adults parasites of and infected larvae of drug resistant strains of the free-living nematode .
Kalmobe J, Vildina JD, Boursou D … +3 more , Menga HNT, Kouam SF, Ndjonka D
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493485 · Full text
Human onchocerciasis is caused by the filarial worm. is a parasite that forms nodules under the skin. The aim of this work was to assess the nematicidal activities of on and and to determine the phytochemical compoun...
Human onchocerciasis is caused by the filarial worm. is a parasite that forms nodules under the skin. The aim of this work was to assess the nematicidal activities of on and and to determine the phytochemical compounds. Nodules were collected from the umbilical region of infected cattle, dissected and male worms were cultured in RPMI-1640. Worms were incubated with different concentrations of extracts in RPMI-1640 and M9-buffer. Polyphenol, tannin and flavonoid contents of extract were determined by using gallic acid and rutin as standards. The anthelmintic effect of extract against was concentration dependent with LC of 20.71 µg/mL and 11.75 µg/mL after 48 and 72 h respectively. extract exerted concentration dependent lethal effects (LC = 2747 and LC = 31,937 µg/mL) against (Wild Type). Methanolic-methylene chloride (MeOH-CHCl) of extract exhibited high DPPH activity with an IC value of 15 µg/mL and 9 µg/mL for ascorbic acid. The highest activity in adult worms was observed with the MeOH (100: 0) and AcOEtMeOH fractions with LC values of 12.82 and 15.50 µg/mL respectively. EcOEtMeOH (8:2 v/v) was more effective (LC = 250 µg/mL) on WT of contains polyphenols (1015.05 and AcOEtMeOH = 893.60), flavonoids (25.35 and MeOH = 225.76) and tannins (401.37 and Hex = 788.89). showed in vitro nematicidal activity against and . could be used as an alternative anthelmintic for onchocerciasis treatment.
Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of a Cnidarian parasite (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) , infecting gills of Indian major carp, .
Nissa K, Kaur H, Ghai N … +1 more , Katoch A
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493484 · Full text
Gill haemorrhagic disease is a significant health issue in Indian major carps, including . In this study, we investigate the molecular description of , the identified causative agent of gill haemorrhagic disease in these...
Gill haemorrhagic disease is a significant health issue in Indian major carps, including . In this study, we investigate the molecular description of , the identified causative agent of gill haemorrhagic disease in these fishes. Remarkably, no-one published molecular description of exists to date. Through molecular analysis, we examined the genetic characteristics of and explored its potential relationship with other species found in India, thus further investigating the possibility of a species complex. The present species shows maximum homogeneity of 99.33% with (KJ476886) (unpublished), 97.32% with (KR340464) with a base pair difference of only 4 and 30 respectively. The prevalence of infection in was found to be 17%. The findings of this study shed light on the molecular characteristics of and contribute to our understanding of its prevalence and evolutionary relationships within the genus.
Study on the prevalence of trematode cercariae infection in freshwater snails in Manipur, India.
Yumnam U, Singh TS, Dolma KG
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493483 · Full text
Freshwater snails act as first intermediate carriers for numerous trematodes, which can induce sickness in both humans and animals. In Manipur, various species of freshwater snails have been discovered to harbor trematod...
Freshwater snails act as first intermediate carriers for numerous trematodes, which can induce sickness in both humans and animals. In Manipur, various species of freshwater snails have been discovered to harbor trematode infections. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of different varieties of freshwater snail species serving as the primary, intermediate hosts for various trematodes in endemic areas of paragonimiasis, a disease caused by trematodes found in two separate regions, Luwangsangbam matai in the Imphal East district and Moreh in the Tengnoupal district of Manipur province. These areas are known to be endemic for human paragonimiasis. We examined 4074 snails, including , , using the shedding and crushing method. Our findings revealed that 43(1.05%) snails were positive for different trematode cercariae. Specifically, was infected with , and unidentified cercariae, while and harboured and cercariae. Interestingly, did not show any infection with trematode cercariae. A strong association was found between these types of snail species and cercarial infection. Furthermore, statistical analysis did not demonstrate a significant correlation between the geographical location and cercarial infection among snail species. Our study provides the current status of the prevalence of trematode cercarial infection in these snails, offering insights into disease transmission dynamics and the role of snails in paragonimiasis epidemiology.
Antimalarial efficacy of skin extract via inhibition of Na/H ATPase.
Bagwe AD, D'Souza RC, Sharma BB
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493482 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Malaria remains a major health issue worldwide that affects many people, particularly in developing nations. Since, the malarial parasite has developed resistance against nearly every antimalarial drug now in...
UNLABELLED: Malaria remains a major health issue worldwide that affects many people, particularly in developing nations. Since, the malarial parasite has developed resistance against nearly every antimalarial drug now in use, it is imperative to search for novel antimalarial medications. Toxins produced by skin glands of toads have been shown to possess antiparasitic properties against a variety of protozoan parasites because of the bufadienolides they contain. Even though several studies have been conducted to show that toad skin secretions have antimalarial properties, very little information is known about the precise mechanism by which they work against infection. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of crude skin extracts from Common Asian Toads, , of different sizes and illustrate how they work against 3D7 cells. The findings demonstrated a negative correlation between the toad size and percent yield of the extracts. HPTLC and UPLC-MS/MS analysis of the extracts exhibited varied composition of bufadienolides depending on the size of the animal. The extract obtained from small toads containing resibufagin and marinobufagin lactate demonstrated highest antiplasmodial activity and showed lowest cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It was discovered that the extract was effective against the trophozoite stage of the parasite. The extract was reported to inhibit Na/H ATPase of by binding to sodium-enzyme complex at ATP binding site. The study offers baseline data that can be used to assess the antimalarial potential of individual components in the skin extract derived from small toads. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-024-01716-9.
Morphological and molecular identification of in and its phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA fragment in Kashmir valley, India.
Ara I, Khan HR, Tanveer S … +1 more , Fatima NI
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493481 · Full text
is one of the most common round worms infecting wide range of terrestrial birds including domestic fowl. and are the species of same genus which infect other hosts predominantly aquatic birds, but show morphological si...
is one of the most common round worms infecting wide range of terrestrial birds including domestic fowl. and are the species of same genus which infect other hosts predominantly aquatic birds, but show morphological similarities mainly females of these species are difficult to identify. Here, we described the morphologically distinct features of along with identification through molecular analysis using ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA. Four hundred gastrointestinal tracts of domestic fowl were analysed for a period of 2 years. Light microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was used for determining the morphometric measurements and characteristic morphological features of . A PCR based DNA sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA was used for molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis was carried out through MEGA 11. Ninety gastrointestinal tracts were found to be infected with . The male worm displayed well developed lateral and caudal alae, caudal end had an anal sucker, 12 pairs of caudal papillae and cloaca from which 2 unequal spicules emerged. Female had visible vaginal bends, vulva present approximately in the middle of the body, and caudal end had a long pointed tail. Sequence analysis revealed that the PCR products of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA were 600 bp in size and showed 96-98% similarity with the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences of on BLAST analysis. Our ITS sequence of showed a nucleotide divergence of 4.9% with of Lucknow India. The phylogenetic analysis clearly differentiated from the other representatives of the genus and revealed the relationship among different species. The study revealed the infection status of prevailing among domestic fowl, and need of strategic control measures. The results of the study suggest that ITS rDNA would serve as a potential molecular marker in identification, diagnosis and systematics of species.
-sand fly interactions: exploring the role of the immune response and potential strategies for Leishmaniasis control.
Sabbahi R, Hock V, Azzaoui K … +1 more , Hammouti B
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493480 · Full text
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus , affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is transmitted by the bite of infected female sand flies, which act as vector...
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus , affecting millions of people worldwide. The disease is transmitted by the bite of infected female sand flies, which act as vectors and hosts for the parasites. The interaction between parasites and sand flies is complex and dynamic, involving various factors that influence parasite development, survival and transmission. This review examines how the immune response of sand flies affects vector competence and transmission of parasites, and what the potential strategies are to prevent or reduce infection. The review also summarizes the main findings and conclusions of the existing literature and discusses implications and recommendations for future research and practice. The study reveals that the immune response of sand flies is a key determinant of vector competence and transmission of parasites, and that several molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved in the interaction between parasite and vector. The study also suggests that there are potential strategies for controlling leishmaniasis, such as interfering with parasite development, modulating the vector's immune response or reducing the vector population. However, the study also identifies several gaps and limitations in current knowledge and calls for more comprehensive and systematic studies on vector-parasite interaction and its impact on leishmaniasis transmission and control.
A cross-sectional study on the prevalence and associated risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections among under-five aged children in Dabat primary hospital, north Gondar, Ethiopia.
Amare Y, Yohannes T, Tesfaye S
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493479 · Full text
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are the main public health problems in several developing countries, and under-five-aged children are the most vulnerable groups of the population. The current study aimed to determ...
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are the main public health problems in several developing countries, and under-five-aged children are the most vulnerable groups of the population. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of IPIs among under-five-aged children at Dabat primary hospital, northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional hospital-based study including 384 under-five-aged children was conducted from February to June 2022. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information on risk factors, and stool samples were collected and examined using wet mount and sedimentation techniques to determine prevalence. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to evaluate the possible association and the strength of the association between dependent and independent variables. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 32.81%. Ten species of intestinal parasites were identified. was the predominant intestinal parasite species, with a prevalence of 7.55%. and hookworm had prevalence of 6.77% and 5.47% respectively. Those children whose Mother/guardian do not wash their hand before feeding their child are more than five time infected than those who do wash (AOR = 5.26, CI = 2.28-12.2, < 0.001). Children who do not wear shoe are more infected than who did (AOR = 14.5, CI = 5.77-36.5, < 0.001). Several risk factors were identified in this study among these washing hands after toilet before touching child, washing hands before feeding their child, Child meal and habit of shoes wearing were the main predictors of IPI. Since the prevalence of IPI observed in this study is that of under-five-aged children; raising awareness of mothers/guardians about how to keep hygiene; transmission ways and health impacts of IPIs; and proper way of feeding their children to avoid risk is crucial.
An overview of fasciolosis in Nepal: epidemiology, diagnosis, and control strategies.
Thakur S
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493478 · Full text
Fasciolosis, caused by and , is a globally prevalent vector-borne disease that affects livestock and humans, with significant economic and zoonotic implications. In Nepal where livestock contributes to 11.5% of the GDP,...
Fasciolosis, caused by and , is a globally prevalent vector-borne disease that affects livestock and humans, with significant economic and zoonotic implications. In Nepal where livestock contributes to 11.5% of the GDP, fasciolosis poses a significant threat to the agriculture sector. The country's diverse geographical and climatic conditions contribute to the widespread prevalence of the disease. Domestic ruminants, including buffalo, cattle, goats, and sheep are extensively affected, with a prevalence rate ranging from 10.25% in goats to 68% in buffalo. The disease also impacts high-altitude regions, affecting even yaks in the Himalayas. Human infections are also on the rise, highlighting the zoonotic nature of the disease. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of fasciolosis in Nepal, emphasizing its pathogenesis, epidemiology, and diagnosis. The review also assesses the strategies for controlling fasciolosis in Nepal, including anthelmintic treatments, vector control, and farm management practices. The challenges and limitations of these methods are discussed, underscoring the need for alternative strategies to prevent drug resistance and enhance disease management. Additionally, this paper proposes future directions for the management of fasciolosis in Nepal to provide a comprehensive and effective approach for controlling and managing the disease in the country.
Correction: Detection of the levels of immune cytokines (IL4, IL5, TNF-α) in school-age and preschoolers with an infection.
Hamad AA, Mustafa HM, Mohsein OA
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493477 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01715-w.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01715-w.].
Burden, knowledge and perception of lymphatic filariasis in resource - poor communities in north central Nigeria.
Amaechi EC, Ariyo AA, Aderogba AA … +4 more , Nwachukwu PC, Nwadike CC, Ezekiel OO, Oyinloye FOP
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493476 · Full text
A number of vector-borne diseases are known to affect humans in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Lymphatic filariasis is one of such debilitating disease caused by a nematode, The present study assessed t...
A number of vector-borne diseases are known to affect humans in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Lymphatic filariasis is one of such debilitating disease caused by a nematode, The present study assessed the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis by screening individuals with filariasis test strip and clinical examination. A sample of 765 consenting individuals were screened for filarial antigenemia using filariasis test strip and clinical examination and interviewed for knowledge and perception of filariasis using a structured questionnaire. Overall antigenemia prevalence was 8.8% and the disease prevalence varied among villages with Shonga (16.7%) having the highest and Tada (1.6%) the least infected.In relation to age group, 40-49years had the highest (49.3%) while 0-9 years did not record any infection. Among the respondents infected, a greater number (43.3%) believed that the disease was caused by stepping on charm, 45.4% of those unaffected also believed in the same cause. A greater number of the respondents (28.4%) believed that avoiding sexual intercourse with affected individuals can help prevent the disease. A majority(67.2%) of the study participant had a misconception about its preventive measure. Misconceptions on the preventive measures included sacrifice to appease the gods and avoiding sexual intercourse with affected individuals. This study showed filarial antigenemia was above the threshold of 2% in the study area with misconception on the disease transmission and therefore this area warrants strategies to prevent transmission.
Detection of the levels of immune cytokines (IL4, IL5, TNF-α) in school-age and preschoolers with an infection.
Hamad AA, Mustafa HM, Mohsein OA
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493475 · Full text
Gastrointestinal parasite infections have been identified as a significant public health concern in regions with high humidity levels globally. Ascaris lumbricoides, a prevalent human pathogen, is widely distributed thro...
Gastrointestinal parasite infections have been identified as a significant public health concern in regions with high humidity levels globally. Ascaris lumbricoides, a prevalent human pathogen, is widely distributed throughout several regions globally. It is estimated that around 1.5 billion cases are attributed only to A. Lumbricoides. These types of disorders are associated with a wide range of diseases. Several animal studies have demonstrated the significance of T helper cell type 2 responses to helminths in the digestive system, as well as the crucial role of specific interleukins (ILs), such as IL-4 and IL-5, in eliminating parasites and combating infections. However, there is a limited body of research examining the response of human cytokines to gut helminths, particularly in relation to the cellular reactions to Ascariasis in populations where it is prevalent. This is a case-control study and included 100 children suffering from Ascaris infection, aged between 4 and 15 years, and 50 healthy children as a control group. Samples were collected at Al-Habobbi Teaching Hospital after ethical approval. The children were diagnosed by stool examination and the concentration method was performed. Five milliliter of blood was collected from each participant, and the levels of interleukins 4, interleukins 5 and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. The levels of TNF-α and IL-5 exhibited statistically significant variance between the preschool and school-age groups at P = <0.01. The difference in the level of IL-4 was non-significant between preschool and school-age groups at P > 0.05. The difference in the levels of TNF-α and IL-5 was significant between control and moderate infection (P = <0.05), while that of IL-4 was non-significant (P > 0.05). When comparing control, the modest groups showed significantly higher IL-5 and IL-4 levels (P = >0.05). The difference in TNF-α, IL-5 and IL4 levels between mild and control groups was significant (P < 0.001), except for TNF-α which was not significant (P = 0.86). The difference in levels of interleukins in children according to age group and severity of infection indicates the role of the cellular immune response in the emergence and development of the disease and its severity in children.
Molecular epidemiological studies of in commercial layer flocks in Southern peninsular India reveal the presence of new subclusters.
Gowthaman V, Gopalakrishnamurthy TR, Alagesan A … +7 more , Balakrishnan A, Udhayavel S, Gunaseelan S, Senthilvel K, Sasikala M, Jayachitra S, Soundararajan C
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493474 · Full text
The parasites are one of the important protozoa species affecting domestic poultry and wild birds. Though there are frequent reports about the incidence of in wild birds, the information regarding the occurrence of com...
The parasites are one of the important protozoa species affecting domestic poultry and wild birds. Though there are frequent reports about the incidence of in wild birds, the information regarding the occurrence of commercial poultry is underestimated. From October 2015 to August 2022, ailing and dead birds from 39 commercial layer flocks were submitted to the Poultry Disease Diagnosis and Surveillance Laboratory, Namakkal, with a history of brief illness, followed by mortality with oozing of blood from oro-nasal orifice. The presence of was confirmed in all the flocks by laboratory examination and PCR. All the -positive cases were reported after heavy rainfall and the affected farms were inhabited with Culicoides flies. The infected birds were dull and depressed, exhibited labored breathing, and blood-tinted ropy mucous from the oro-nasal cavity. Necropsy examination revealed pale-anaemic comb and wattles, massive haemorrhagic clot over the surface of the kidney, peritoneum, and trachea, and scattering of greyish-white/reddish military megaloschizonts throughout the serosa of viscera and skeletal muscles. Histopathological examination revealed many spherical cysts or megaloschizonts in the intestine, pancreas, gizzard, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, and breast muscles. The cysts were deeply seated within the above organ's parenchyma or embedded in the serosa. There was extensive connective tissue proliferation with mononuclear cell infiltration around the cyst. -specific DNA was detected in all the flocks by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene of reported from various parts of the world revealed that is grouped into two major clusters (Cluster I & II). Further, Indian sequences fall under sub-cluster I and II along with reported from Taiwan, Egypt, China, Myanmar, Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.
Effect of seasonal variability on the increased malaria positivity rate in drought-prone malaria endemic areas of Ethiopia.
Tefera S, Bekele T, Ketema T
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493473 · Full text
Malaria is a climate-sensitive and season-dependent disease that mainly affects the populations of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Climatic variables such as rainfall, temperature, and humidity are identif...
Malaria is a climate-sensitive and season-dependent disease that mainly affects the populations of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Climatic variables such as rainfall, temperature, and humidity are identified as the driving factors affecting the epidemiology of malaria. In Ethiopia, recently unexpectedly high malaria burden accompanied by substantial morbidity and mortality is observed. The incidence rate of vector-borne diseases such as malaria is largely influenced by fluctuation of seasonal variables due to the proceeding global warming. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the impact of seasonal and climate variability on the burden of malaria in one of drought-prone areas of north central Ethiopia. The study was conducted in the Oromia zone of the Amhara regional state in Ethiopia. Data from patients tested and diagnosed with malaria between 2014 and 2019 were extracted from the medical records of the patients registered in all health facilities found in the zone. Additionally, meteorological data such as rainfall and temperature (maximum and minimum) were collected from the regional meteorological agency. Data were analyzed using R software. The malaria positivity rate recorded in this study was 12.7% (64,522/508,057). Months from June to December were significantly ( < 0.05) associated with high malaria positivity. Rainfall had a significant negative effect on malaria positivity ( = 0.042). Also, three to four months of lagged rainfall is associated with high malaria positivity ( < 0.05). However, monthly minimum temperature positivity influenced the rate of malaria positivity (exp = 0.037, = 0.0098). While monthly mean maximum temperature showed a negative association with malaria positivity, although it was insignificant. In addition, malaria positivity significantly decreased from 2014 to 2019 by 20.5% (exp = 0.205, < 0.0001). The seasonal and climatic variables evaluated in this study substantially affected the malaria positivity rate. Monthly mean temperature was the leading and predictor variable for malaria infection. Despite vigorous efforts by health authorities in the country at this level, following the neglected implementation of interventional activities in the nation for a couple of years, malaria-associated burdens have increased. As seasonal and climate variables could play a key role in the rising burden, concerned national or local health authorities, and policymakers should prioritize urgent interventional activities to control malaria in one of the drought-prone areas of Ethiopia.
Infection of Egyptian domestic rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, with Cysticercus pisiformis (Cestoda: Taeniidae): morphological, molecular, and histopathological diagnostic tools.
Rabie SAH, Abuelwafa WA, Eldin MMM … +1 more , Hussein NM
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493472 · Full text
Cysticercosis raises the alarm for domestic rabbits since it has a significant impact on their health, productivity, and nutritional value. In this study, several white creamy- colored cysts were detected in the mesenter...
Cysticercosis raises the alarm for domestic rabbits since it has a significant impact on their health, productivity, and nutritional value. In this study, several white creamy- colored cysts were detected in the mesentery of the stomach and intestine, as well as embedded in the liver of domestic rabbits collected from Qena Governorate, Egypt. Based on both morphological and molecular assessments, revealed cysts could be identified as , the larval stage of . Gross and histopathological investigations of infected organs were documented. To our knowledge, this is the first geographical report on in domestic rabbits in Qena Governorate, using current morphological, molecular, and histopathological methodologies that provide critical data for developing diagnostic targets for .
Antiplasmodial evidence, host mitochondrial biology and possible mechanisms of action of a composite extract of and in -infected mice.
Olanlokun JO, Odedeyi A, Oderinde SO … +3 more , Owolabi BA, Koorbanally NA, Olorunsogo OO
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493471 · Full text
A. Juss (Meliaceae) (AI) and L. (Zingiberaceae) (CL) are used for malaria treatment but their anti-glycolytic and host mitochondrial effects have not been studied. The AI stem-bark and CL rhizomes were extracted with me...
A. Juss (Meliaceae) (AI) and L. (Zingiberaceae) (CL) are used for malaria treatment but their anti-glycolytic and host mitochondrial effects have not been studied. The AI stem-bark and CL rhizomes were extracted with methanol. Methanol extract of CL (Turmeric) was partitioned to yield methanol fraction (MF). Swiss mice infected with (NK 65 strain) were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of AI and turmeric for seven days. Turmeric and MF (200 and 400 mg/kg) were combined with 400 mg/kg AI to treat mice infected with i (ANKA strain) for four days. Drug and infected controls mice were treated with artemether lumefantrine (10 mg/kg) and distilled water (10 mL/kg), respectively. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aldolase activities were determined. Liver mitochondria were obtained for mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) pore opening and FF ATPase assays. The curcumin content of turmeric was determined using HPLC while LD of Turmeric and AI was also determined. The AI, and its combination with turmeric decreased parasite load and increased chemosuppression in both sensitive and resistant studies while MF and its combinations with AI induced mPT pore opening. In the resistant experiment, AI + Turmeric 400 mg/kg decreased FF ATPase, LDH and aldolase activities against the infected control. The LD values of both extracts were above 2000 mg/kg while the MF had the highest curcumin content. Antiplasmodial mechanisms of action of AI, CL and their combinations involve anti-glycolytic effects. Their composite formulations are more potent in malaria treatment.
To quest new targets of parasite and their potential inhibitors to combat antimalarial drug resistance.
Biswas P, Roy R, Ghosh K … +3 more , Nath D, Samadder A, Nandi S
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493470 · Full text
Malaria remains a global health challenge with significant mortality and morbidity annually, with resistant parasite strains complicating treatment efforts. There is an acute need for novel antimalarial drugs that can pu...
Malaria remains a global health challenge with significant mortality and morbidity annually, with resistant parasite strains complicating treatment efforts. There is an acute need for novel antimalarial drugs that can put a stop to the future public health crisis caused by the multi-drug resistance strains of the parasite However, the discovery of these new components is very challenging in the context of the generation of multi-drug resistance properties of malaria. The novel drugs also need to have several properties involving enhanced therapeutic prospects, successful treatment capabilities, and novel mechanisms of action that will forestall the resistance. To successfully achieve this aim researchers are trying to focus on exploring promising malaria targets. Various approaches have been made for the development of drugs for malaria including the remodelling of existing drugs and the development of novel inhibitors which acts on new targets. Advancement in the study provides more information on the biology of parasites and the new targets which help in the development of novel drugs. The present review focuses on the study of novel targets of malaria parasites and subsequent inhibitors of those particular targets. Some of these targets include malarial protease, various transporter proteins, enzymes involved in the synthesis of DNA, and nucleic acids like dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, dihydrofolate reductase, apicoplast and dihydropteroate synthase. Other potential targets are also included in this review such as isoprenoid biosynthesis, farnesyl transferase of parasite, translational elongation factor 2, and phosphatidyl inositol 4 kinase. These promising targets have also been summed up along with their corresponding inhibitors for combating multi-drug resistance malaria.
A checklist of the monogenean parasites (Platyhelminthes) of fishes of northeast India.
Wangchu L, Narba D, Matey C
J Parasit Dis · 2024 Dec · PMID 39493469 · Full text
A checklist was generated by compiling a database of all available published accounts of the monogenean parasites of fish from northeast India. The checklist is presented as a host-parasite list, including 35 nominal spe...
A checklist was generated by compiling a database of all available published accounts of the monogenean parasites of fish from northeast India. The checklist is presented as a host-parasite list, including 35 nominal species from 14 genera and 3 families of monogeneans. Ten of the monogenean species listed here have been described from native fishes in the region, while 25 had previously been described from other parts of India. Dactylogyridae was the dominant family with 33 species, followed by one species each from the family Sundanonchidae and Diplozoidae. was the most examined fish and was represented by five parasite species. This study is an important step for managing and controlling parasite diseases in regional aquaculture and also for future research on the ecology, evolutionary biology, and biogeography of monogenean parasites and their hosts. More significant efforts are needed to fully understand the diversity of monogenean parasites from the rich fish fauna of northeast India.
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