J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42226900
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is a zoonotic protozoan parasite with a wide host range, including cats, which are its definitive hosts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of infection among domestic and street cats in Golestan Province, Ira...is a zoonotic protozoan parasite with a wide host range, including cats, which are its definitive hosts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of infection among domestic and street cats in Golestan Province, Iran. A total of 94 cats, comprising 30 domestic and 64 street cats, were randomly selected and tested for antibodies using ELISA. The overall prevalence of was found to be 24.47% (23/94), with infection rates of 23.3% in domestic cats and 25% in street cats. Age distribution analysis revealed that 40.43% of the cats were 1-2 years old, 38.30% were 2-3 years old, and 21.27% were over 3 years old. Additionally, 20% of male cats (9/45) and 28.57% of female cats (14/49) tested positive for . These findings indicate a significant presence of in both domestic and street cats in Golestan Province, highlighting the need for effective control measures to prevent the transmission of the parasite to humans and other animals. Further research is required to explore the transmission dynamics of and to develop strategies for the prevention and management of the disease in cat populations.
Shather MM, Kalef DA, Khalaf OH
… +1 more, Jameel MS
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42226899
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Coccidiosis is a serious disease in rabbits, can affect both the liver and intestines. Hepatic coccidiosis is caused by , which inhabits the liver and bile ducts. In this study, 294 fecal samples were collected from loca...Coccidiosis is a serious disease in rabbits, can affect both the liver and intestines. Hepatic coccidiosis is caused by , which inhabits the liver and bile ducts. In this study, 294 fecal samples were collected from local rabbits in Baghdad. Although, oocysts with distinctive morphology were found in the liver and bile ducts, they resembled those of intestinal species. To investigate this, experimental infections were conducted along with molecular identification techniques. Experimentally infected rabbits showed dilated bile ducts with developmental stages of embedded in hyperplastic epithelium. PCR analysis of the region revealed that some isolates (Iq1-Iq3) had limited similarity with the known , while one (Iq4) was genetically closer to These findings highlight the morphological overlap between hepatic and intestinal species. The observed difference across isolates, may represent local species adaptability, host-parasite interactions, or even new species variety underline the need for molecular diagnosis to ensure accurate identification.
Ibrahim HM, Abdel-Rahman AA, Bishr NM
… +2 more, Ghonim A, Morsi DS
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42226898
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UNLABELLED: Due to the scarcity of data on the sero-positivity of anti- & anti- antibodies and the worldwide importance of these protozoans in the Republic of Egypt, our research aimed to discover the sero-prevalence of...UNLABELLED: Due to the scarcity of data on the sero-positivity of anti- & anti- antibodies and the worldwide importance of these protozoans in the Republic of Egypt, our research aimed to discover the sero-prevalence of & in buffaloes & cows from some Delta of Egypt provinces. Both IgG & IgM against these protozoans were detected using specific recombinant surface Ag 2 of (SAG2) & surface Ag 1 of (SAG1) based ELISA. The overall sero-positivity of anti- in cows from Gharbia, Beheira and Menoufia provinces were (22.19% for IgM) and (38.13% for IgG), respectively. While sero-positivity of anti- in cows from the same examined provinces were (16.88% for IgM) and (31.88% for IgG), respectively. In buffaloes, the overall sero-positivity of anti- from Gharbia, Damietta and Menoufia provinces were (6.82% for IgM) and (15.45% for IgG), respectively. While the total sero-positivity of anti- in buffaloes from the Gharbia, Damietta and Menoufia provinces were (7.27%for IgM) and (16.82% for IgG), respectively. The rates of mixed infections were 16.56% in cattle & 9.09% in buffaloes. This study showed significant differences regarding the age; gender & season in cattle while in buffaloes significant changes were demonstrated regarding the age & season. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are prevalent in cattle and buffaloes in the studied Provinces of the Delta of Egypt. In turn, these infections will represent a possible contaminated source for human infection and could affect the livestock industry development in Egypt. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-025-01858-4.
Mandal S, Chattoraj N, Nandi S
… +1 more, Samadder A
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42226897
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Malaria is a female anopheles mosquito-borne parasitic disease caused by The life cycle of begins with the entry of the sporozoites into a healthy human through the bite of an infected mosquito. These sporozoites synth...Malaria is a female anopheles mosquito-borne parasitic disease caused by The life cycle of begins with the entry of the sporozoites into a healthy human through the bite of an infected mosquito. These sporozoites synthesize circumsporozoite protein (CSP) which interacts with the host heparin sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptors of hepatocytes facilitating their entry. The sporozoites start developing very fast and release thousands of Merozoites which then attack red blood corpuscles (RBCs). The merozoites have a very characteristic fibrillar coat of merozoite surface protein (MSP) protein which interacts with the Erythrocytic surface and undergoes proteolytic cleavage during invasion. The merozoites feed Hb of RBC and release free heme which is very toxic for the parasite. So, it undergoes detoxification of heme and forms hemozoin granules. Malaria treatment nowadays is concerned with one of the CSP inhibitor vaccines marketed is RTS, S (Repeats, T-cell epitopes, and Surface antigen, referring to the components used in its development) which is produced by 'T' cell epitope recombinant of CSP. It prevents the entry of sporozoite into hepatocytes by fusing the CSP with recombinant RTS, S protein Surface other antimalarial drugs that target the Erythrocytic stage are Quinine, Chloroquine, Amodiaquine, Mefloquine, Hydroxyethylamines. These either prevent the detoxification or invasion inside RBC or kill the parasite. Several combinations antimalarial chemotheraputics like ELQ300, MMV019066 are also used for the full reduction of parasite from the body.
Saha N, Jena SK, Paul O
… +4 more, Das S, Bhattacharya U, Rizvi AN, Mohapatra PP
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42226896
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UNLABELLED: The present study reports sparganosis in (Dubois, 1975) from Jharkhand, India. While human cases of sparganosis have been documented in India, this study provides a confirmed record of this parasite in an am...UNLABELLED: The present study reports sparganosis in (Dubois, 1975) from Jharkhand, India. While human cases of sparganosis have been documented in India, this study provides a confirmed record of this parasite in an amphibian host from the country. The parasites collected from the thigh muscles of the hosts were morphologically identified as belonging to the genus . This finding expands the known host range of in India and highlights the need for systematic screening of such infections in the natural environment and museum collections to assess the prevalence and transmission dynamics of sparganosis in Indian amphibian populations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-025-01845-9.
Siyadatpanah A, Nikoo MR, Labana RV
… +4 more, Norouzi R, Nodoushan AAJ, Mirzaei F, Nissapatorn V
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Jun · PMID 42226895
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Toxocariasis is an emerging zoonotic threat linked to environmental contamination and poor animal hygiene. Despite its relevance, integrated studies addressing human exposure and environmental contamination remain limite...Toxocariasis is an emerging zoonotic threat linked to environmental contamination and poor animal hygiene. Despite its relevance, integrated studies addressing human exposure and environmental contamination remain limited, especially in underexplored regions. This study provides baseline data on the emergence of toxocariasis in Abadeh City, Iran, using One Health approach. This cross-sectional study employed a One Health approach to evaluate spp.: seroprevalence among 289 residents of Abadeh City, alongside soil contamination assessments in seven surrounding areas. Serological testing for anti- IgG antibodies was conducted using ELISA, while soil samples were examined microscopically for eggs using Sheather's sugar flotation method. While human seroprevalence was low at 1.73%, overall soil contamination reached 17.10%, with higher occurrence rates in residential alleys and peri-urban settings. Animal care significantly increased seropositivity risk (OR = 13.4769; 95% CI = 1.4803, 122.6952; = 0.0210), highlighting zoonotic pathways. Environmental contamination pattern suggests ongoing risk despite low infection rates. Using a One Health framework, feedback loops between human behaviors and environmental contamination reinforce the need for targeted control measures. This study reveals an environmental reservoir of spp. that could drive future human infections in Abadeh City. Integrating surveillance across human, animal, and environmental interfaces is essential to mitigate future zoonotic risks.
Zamri SZ, Aziz NAA, Mazlan M
… +4 more, Saidu YS, Zulhisam A, Che-Amat A, Sipin Q
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768932
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A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of three zoonotic malaria parasites known as , , and in long-tailed macaques () from wildlife-human confl...A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships of three zoonotic malaria parasites known as , , and in long-tailed macaques () from wildlife-human conflict zones in Selangor, Malaysia. The study conducted between September 2022 and April 2023, involved = 100 macaques culled as part of wildlife management programs in Petaling and Hulu Langat districts. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed a prevalence of 24% for , 23% for , and 4% for . Infection patterns included 51% single infections, 18% dual infections, and 2% triple infections. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using the Maximum Likelihood method with the Kimura 2-parameter model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Results identified major lineages (S-type and A-type) for all three species, providing insights into their evolutionary relationships and host-parasite interactions. The findings underscore the zoonotic potential of long-tailed macaques in wildlife-human conflict zones and emphasize the need for regular monitoring and surveillance to mitigate the public health risks associated with zoonotic malaria.
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768931
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Ascariasis is a disease caused by and the most common soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection worldwide, with over 807 to 1.2 billion reported cases. Ascariasis remains prevalent in the Philippines, a tropical and dev...Ascariasis is a disease caused by and the most common soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection worldwide, with over 807 to 1.2 billion reported cases. Ascariasis remains prevalent in the Philippines, a tropical and developing country, and is a major problem among school children. In Luzon Island alone, the biggest island of the archipelago, cases of Ascariasis remain to be a known prevalent yet localized risk map of its distribution among marginalized provinces in the country is still neglected. Therefore, the first base map that considered the potentialities of Ascariasis distribution in Cavite province was established using ArcMap software version 10.8.2. Meanwhile, the bioclimatic, soil, and elevation variables in the modeling of the disease employ the free software package Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt); Bayesian geostatistical models predicted that the highest prevalence of Ascariasis is in Cavite. Primary data on the prevalence of Ascariasis were collected from the 22 cities and municipalities of Cavite. The results showed a relatively moderate AUC value of 0.654 which also points to the city of Bacoor in Cavite as having the greatest risk of prevalence. Predictive maps generated in this study call out public health mitigation of the STH disease.
Gautam S, Parajuli RP, Dhakal P
… +1 more, Pandey K
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768930
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This study examined the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among indigenous communities in Bhumikasthan Municipality, Arghakhanchi, Nepal. The focus was on the Magar, Mijar, Pariyar, and Bishwokarma eth...This study examined the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among indigenous communities in Bhumikasthan Municipality, Arghakhanchi, Nepal. The focus was on the Magar, Mijar, Pariyar, and Bishwokarma ethnic groups, considering various socio-economic, demographic, nutritional, and behavioral factors. A total of 200 stool samples were collected from individuals (18-88 years old) using purposive sampling, which may limit the generalizability of the findings, and were preserved in potassium dichromate. A structured questionnaire supplemented the study, gathering data on relevant factors. Diagnostic methods employed included direct wet mount, saturated salt flotation, and formal ether sedimentation. Results showed an overall parasite prevalence of 44 (22%), with helminthic infections found in 32 (16%) and protozoan infections in 12 (6%) of the population. were the most prevalent helminth 29 (14.5%), followed by 8 (4.0%), 4 (2%), and 3 (1.5%). Females exhibited a slightly higher prevalence 34 (23.8%) compared to males 10 (17.5%), potentially influenced by occupational exposure. Univariate analysis indicated associations between IPIs and factors such as residing in muddy houses, consuming untreated tap water, and inadequate personal hygiene practices. Multivariate analysis highlighted significant associations with practices like insufficient handwashing with soap and water [i.e., adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.00 95% CI (2.16-22.70)], and dietary habits, particularly non-vegetarian diets [aOR 7.68 95% CI (1.71-34.50)]. The study underscores the importance of targeted health education interventions, particularly focusing on improving hygiene practices and modifying dietary habits among indigenous communities. Addressing these factors could mitigate the burden of IPIs, contributing to improved health outcomes in these populations.
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768929
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Malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infections are among the major public health concerns linked with increased risk of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. This study sought to determine the pre...Malnutrition and intestinal parasitic infections are among the major public health concerns linked with increased risk of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. This study sought to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in malnourished children admitted in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital and Maternal and Child Health Hospital in the Kumasi Metropolis. A cross-sectional study was conducted, with a total of 150 malnourished children who were selected using the simple purposive sampling technique. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Stool samples were collected and examined using the formol ether sedimentation technique. A generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to assess the impact of age, sex, and various other risk factors on the likelihood of intestinal parasite infection in malnourished children. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 55.3%. The protozoan parasites identified included and while helminths identified were , and hookworm. (25.3%) was the most prevalent. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was significantly related to age categories 1 to 2 years, 2 to 3 and 4 to 5 years old, rural residence, divorced marital status, and use of alcohol-based sanitizer. This study revealed that intestinal parasitic infections were prevalent among malnourished children in the study area. Soil-transmitted helminths had a higher prevalence in the children compared to protozoan infections. Marital status, residence, age and the use of hand sanitizer had a significant association with intestinal parasitic infections.
Kumar N, Sharma KK, Desai D
… +3 more, Maurya PS, Mishra AK, Solanki JB
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768928
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Parasite control remains a critical challenge in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and public health due to the their significant health and economic impacts. While chemical parasiticides have historically been effective...Parasite control remains a critical challenge in veterinary medicine, agriculture, and public health due to the their significant health and economic impacts. While chemical parasiticides have historically been effective, their drawbacks, including environmental residues and resistance development, necessitate sustainable alternatives. Biological control (BC), or biocontrol, employs living organisms such as fungi, bacteria, and predators to disrupt parasite life cycles, reduce population density, or prevent establishment through predation, parasitism, pathogenicity, or competition. Direct BC agents reduce parasite populations by limiting reproduction or causing mortality, while indirect agents modify environmental conditions to disrupt parasite life cycles. It offers high specificity, minimizing harm to non-target species, and reduces resistance risks, positioning it as an environmentally friendly alternative. Strategies like classical BC, augmentation, and conservation, often integrated with integrated pest management (IPM) practices such as rotational grazing and selective anthelmintic use, enhance efficacy. By preserving biodiversity and promoting long-term sustainability, BC holds transformative potential for parasite management.
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768927
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The present paper reports fundamental aspects of host-parasite interaction between a cymothoid isopod, (Milne Edwards, 1840), and the fish Indian Mackerel (Cuvier, 1816). is recovered from the branchial cavity of the...The present paper reports fundamental aspects of host-parasite interaction between a cymothoid isopod, (Milne Edwards, 1840), and the fish Indian Mackerel (Cuvier, 1816). is recovered from the branchial cavity of the host fish . The appendages like pereopods and the mouth part of exhibit morphological adaptation for the parasitic mode of life. The parasitic mode of feeding in was confirmed by amplifying DNA from its gut contents, which matched the tissue of the host fish (). The effect on the host fish includes a reduction in the length and weight of the host fish. The continuous lodging of the parasite inside the gill chamber causes the degeneration of the gill filaments of the host fish. Further, the mucus protease activity was higher in infected fish when compared to uninfected fish. Overall, this paper tries to address the effect of cymothoid parasitism on marine fishes.
Matini M, Hosseini SA, Bahmanzadeh M
… +1 more, Foroughi-Parvar F
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768925
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is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects more than a third of the world's population. This parasitic protozoan can be replaced in different parts of the female and male reproductive system. Toxoplasmosis has ca...is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects more than a third of the world's population. This parasitic protozoan can be replaced in different parts of the female and male reproductive system. Toxoplasmosis has caused changes in the function of sperm, testes, epididymis and prostate, in experimental models. Human studies have investigated the frequency of anti- antibodies mostly in the female population, and there is little information about the relationship between this infection and sperm factors and testosterone. This cross-sectional study involved 197 male volunteers who referred to the Fertility and Infertility Research Centre of Hamadan, Hamadan, Iran, from April to December 2023. Sera and semen were collected. ELISA test was performed to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in sera. Semen analysis was carried out based on WHO guidelines. The frequency for anti- IgG antibody was detected 48% (95 out of 197). Three percent of participants had anti- IgM. The highest level of IgG antibodies was observed in the age range of 36 to 40 ( < 0.001). The participants with defects in spermatozoids including abnormal morphology and non-progressive sperms had higher percentage of antibodies against (49.1%). Testosterone on average showed normal diversity 540 ng/dl. Fifty-one-point five percent, 48.5%, 52% and 100% of rural, self-employed, smokers and pet-(cat) keeper participants were positive for toxoplasmosis respectively. Although no significant relationship was observed between any other factors except age and toxoplasmosis, it seems that the high frequency of anti- IgG in this group of men who have infertility problems confirmed the parasite as not a main factor but a side factor with the production of pro-inflammatory substances as wells as cytokines which can lead to infertility and dysfunction of sperms.
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768924
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Neonatal calf diarrhoea remains a significant cause of mortality in dairy calves, often involving multiple pathogens.This study aimed to investigate the interactions between coccidian and bacterial pathogens within the i...Neonatal calf diarrhoea remains a significant cause of mortality in dairy calves, often involving multiple pathogens.This study aimed to investigate the interactions between coccidian and bacterial pathogens within the intestinal tissues of calves that succumbed to diarrhoea. Intestinal samples were collected from 43 calves during 17 outbreaks in the peri-urban areas of Ludhiana, Punjab. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of sexual and asexual forms of spp. in five calves. Immunohistochemistry detected , , and spp. antigens in association with coccidian stages. Notably, exhibited a greater affinity for all stages of coccidia, including oocysts, compared to spp., while antigens were predominantly localized extracellularly.These findings suggest that bacterial pathogens interact with specific stages of the coccidian life cycle, potentially modulating pathogenicity and contributing to the severity of intestinal lesions observed in neonatal calf diarrhoea.
Abdo SM, Tahoun MM, El-Wakil ES
… +5 more, Edmardash YA, El-Taweel HA, Elhadad H, Hamdy H, Ghazy RM
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768923
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UNLABELLED: Intestinal acaroid mite infection is a neglected rare health problem. In Egypt, several studies have investigated the prevalence of domestic mites, but few studies discussed intestinal acariasis and its assoc...UNLABELLED: Intestinal acaroid mite infection is a neglected rare health problem. In Egypt, several studies have investigated the prevalence of domestic mites, but few studies discussed intestinal acariasis and its associated risk factors. The present study aimed to detect the prevalence of intestinal acariasis and other helminthic infections in stool samples of school children in Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt. A total of 353 children were recruited. For each child, three stool samples were collected over three consecutive days and two Kato Katz slides were prepared from each sample. Different risk factors associated with parasitic infection were investigated through pre-designed structured interviewing questionnaire. About 70 (19.8%) children were infected with one or more parasites. Among them, 24 (34.2%) children had mite ( sp.) in one or more stool samples. Of the 24 cases, five cases had mite in all three stool samples. Out of the 70 infected children, 51 (72.8%) had helminthic infections: spp., , , and (15.7% 8.5% 28.5% 7.1% and 15.7%, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed age, having a working mother, raising animals and not receiving praziquantel treatment as independent risk factor for mite infestation. To our knowledge, this is the first report which detected a relatively high prevalence of intestinal acariasis in school children in Egypt. Broader studies should be done to investigate the source of mite infestation. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-025-01835-x.
Kumar A, Sharma A, Kumar V
… +4 more, Agrawal M, Tiwari K, Choudhary C, Vardhan G
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768922
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Canine Ehrlichiosis, caused by and transmitted through the brown dog tick (), poses a significant health challenge to dogs in India, where the warm climate favors tick proliferation. This study employs a meta-analytical...Canine Ehrlichiosis, caused by and transmitted through the brown dog tick (), poses a significant health challenge to dogs in India, where the warm climate favors tick proliferation. This study employs a meta-analytical approach to analyze the clinical and biochemical markers of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME) over the past decade (2014-2024) across India. The objective is to assess the diagnostic value of thrombocytopenia and elevated liver enzymes aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase (AST, ALT, ALP) in dogs affected by CME. Following PRISMA guidelines, 13 relevant studies were selected after screening 2,018 publications. Data were pooled to evaluate the associations between biochemical markers and CME. The meta-analysis found moderate associations between thrombocytopenia and CME (SMD = 0.34, I = 94.5%) and stronger correlations with elevated liver enzymes: ALT (SMD = 2.47, I = 94.0%), AST (SMD = 2.23, I = 94.3%), and ALP (SMD = 2.31, I = 91.9%). High heterogeneity among studies was noted, but the findings underscore the importance of these biochemical markers in CME diagnosis. Meta-influence analyses confirmed the robustness of the results, with no individual study disproportionately affecting the pooled estimates. Publication bias tests, including Egger's and Begg's, revealed no significant bias, ensuring the reliability of the conclusions. These findings highlight the critical role of liver enzyme evaluations in diagnosing CME, while thrombocytopenia remains a supplementary marker. This study contributes to a more standardized understanding of CME's clinical diagnosis and emphasizes the need for further research to reduce variability in future studies.
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768921
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Kala-Azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a neglected tropical illness that mostly affects populations with inadequate resources and has a significant global morbidity and mortality rate. This systematic review...Kala-Azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a neglected tropical illness that mostly affects populations with inadequate resources and has a significant global morbidity and mortality rate. This systematic review summarises developments in public health initiatives, treatment, and diagnosis for the management of VL. Disease identification has been improved by diagnostic advancements such as rK39 dipstick tests, ELISA, and PCR; nonetheless, regional variations in sensitivity and specificity, as well as the ongoing dependence on invasive techniques, underscore the necessity for widely available, non-invasive substitutes. New developments in medicine, including liposomal amphotericin B and combination treatments with paromomycin or miltefosine, have greatly increased therapy effectiveness while lowering toxicity and length of treatment. Cost, opposition, and restricted accessibility issues still exist, nevertheless. As a reservoir for disease transmission, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) continues to be a major obstacle to eradication. Although they have proven successful, vector control methods like indoor residual spraying (IRS) and durable insecticidal nets are hampered by DDT resistance and environmental issues. The illness load in the Indian subcontinent has been decreased as a result of public health measures like the Kala-Azar Elimination Initiative. Socioeconomic factors including poverty, malnutrition, and a lack of proper healthcare facilities still obstruct advancement in spite of these achievements. The urgent need for economical combination treatments, cost-effective diagnostics, and long-term vector control methods is highlighted by this review. To eradicate visceral leishmaniasis worldwide, a multisectoral strategy that addresses underlying vulnerabilities is necessary.
Hussain MA, Asl FSS, Jasim YH
… +4 more, Ahmed M, Al-Mamorri I, Amshawee AM, Barzegar GR
J Parasit Dis
· 2026 Mar · PMID 41768920
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is a significant cause of cryptosporidiosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, including those undergoing dialysis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of infection among hemodialysis patients at the...is a significant cause of cryptosporidiosis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, including those undergoing dialysis. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of infection among hemodialysis patients at the Behavior Disease Consultation Center of Rajai Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, using recombinant CP2 and CP23 antigens. One hundred hemodialysis patients were recruited from the Behavior Disease Consultation Center of Rajai Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. Stool and serum samples were collected and analyzed using modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining was used to microscopically detect oocysts in stool samples, while the ELISA was performed to detect anti-C. parvum IgG antibodies in serum samples, using recombinant CP2 and CP23 antigens specific to . Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 23. The study found a 15% seropositivity rate for IgG antibodies against using ELISA, and a 9% test positivity rate for oocysts in stool samples detected by microscopy. A statistically significant association was observed between infection rates, rural residence ( = 0.048), and animal contact ( = 0.004). The ELISA technique demonstrated higher sensitivity compared to microscopy. The findings of this study highlight the substantial prevalence of infection among hemodialysis patients, with significant correlations to rural residence and animal contact.