Journal Of Parasitic Diseases[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Epidemiological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southeastern Iran from 2019 to 2023.
Khoubfekr H, Dadkhah S, Dehghan O … +3 more , Bokaie S, Moghaddam MS, Hatam-Nahavandi K
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768919 · Full text
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by species and transmitted by infected sandflies. It poses a significant public health challenge in endemic regions like Iran due to its complex epidemiology an...
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease caused by species and transmitted by infected sandflies. It poses a significant public health challenge in endemic regions like Iran due to its complex epidemiology and limited treatment options. Effective control strategies are critical. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological factors of CL in areas covered by Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2023 to guide targeted interventions in high-risk zones. This retrospective study analyzed data from the leishmaniasis registration system at Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences. Cutaneous leishmaniasis cases were confirmed through microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained smears. Demographic details, including age, gender, occupation, residence, and lesion characteristics, were collected through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, applying non-parametric tests. A -value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among 1440 patients, 67.0% were male, with 88.6% residing in rural areas. The most cases occurred in 2020, with lesions primarily affecting exposed body parts. Topical treatment was the most common therapeutic approach. A significant peak in incidence was observed in February and March, with statistically significant differences in patient characteristics ( ≤ 0.05). The study underscores the importance of epidemiological surveillance in understanding CL distribution. Targeted control efforts in rural areas are essential for reducing disease prevalence. Further research should focus on optimizing vector and reservoir control strategies.
Impact of helminth parasites on length and weight relationship in catfish (Bloch, 1794) of Gomti river, Lucknow.
Jaiswal N, Mishra M, Yadav M … +2 more , Kumar P, Srivastava R
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768918 · Full text
Fishes are infected with helminth parasites that affect their normal physiology, making them vulnerable to diseases that lower their productivity, and high fish mortality. Some helminths, such as trematodes, nematodes, c...
Fishes are infected with helminth parasites that affect their normal physiology, making them vulnerable to diseases that lower their productivity, and high fish mortality. Some helminths, such as trematodes, nematodes, cestodes, and acanthocephalans, heavily parasitize freshwater fish, affecting fish growth and health conditions. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the length and weight relationship (LWR) and condition factors between infected and non-infected freshwater catfish The medium-length range of males was more infected with Trematodes and Cestodes, while no Nematode infection was found in the males. The medium-length range of females was more infected with trematode, cestode, nematode, and Acanthocephala, and females were comparatively more infected than males. The results showed that the growth of infected catfish species exhibited negative allometry because the regression coefficient "b" obtained was < 3. The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between infected and non-infected fish in the b value. Moreover, the highest "b" value (2.24) was recorded in non-infected fish as substantial ( < 0.05) positive allometry. The present research is beneficial as it offers pertinent data for studying fish biology, assessing the condition of fish in their habitat, and evaluating parameters about population dynamics.
Temporal prevalence of cattle trypanosome infection and Tsetse fly density in Zala district, Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia.
Toka T, Sheferaw D, Lejebo F … +1 more , Hailegebreal G
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768917 · Full text
In Ethiopia, livestock are an integral part of farming systems, and importance sources of high quality protein (meat, milk and eggs) as well as they are contributing to the economic welfare of the people. Bovine trypanos...
In Ethiopia, livestock are an integral part of farming systems, and importance sources of high quality protein (meat, milk and eggs) as well as they are contributing to the economic welfare of the people. Bovine trypanosomosis is a parasitic disease causing serious economic impact on livestock productivity and agricultural development. A repeated cross-sectional design was employed to estimate the seasonal prevalence of trypanosome infection and to assess spp. apparent density in Zala district, Gofa zone. A total of 560 cattle (280 in each season) were examined for trypanosome by using buffy coat technique. For the entomological survey, 80 NGU traps, odour-baited with acetone, were deployed in watering and grazing areas that is where the animals and vector are believed to have frequent contact. The overall prevalence of trypanosome infection in cattle was 7.0% (95% CI = 5.1-9.4). The dry and wet season trypanosome infection were 4.3% (95% CI = 2.4-7.4) and 9.6% (95% CI = 6.7-13.7), respectively. The prevalence of cattle trypanosome infection was significantly higher during wet season (OR = 2.38, < 0.05), in black and black-spotted coat color (OR = 4.61, < 0.05) and poor body conditioned (OR = 4.55, < 0.05) animals. Both in dry and wet seasons two species of were circulating in the area: (87.2%) and (12.8%). The mean PCV value of infected cattle (20.89 ± 4.04) was significantly lower than in non-infected animals (22.9 ± 6.32%). A total of 564 flies were caught, and 56.9% was spp. and 43.1% was other biting flies. was the only species observed, and moreover, two other genera of biting fly (i.e. spp. and spp.). The overall apparent density of was 1.38 F/T/D, and it was 1.78 F/T/D and 0.99 F/T/D, in wet and dry season, respectively. The observed prevalence of trypanosome infection, and apparent density could be a potential threat to animal health and productivity. So, the recorded prevalence was high, and it suggests that the need for the development of strategy for vector and the parasites control.
Intestinal parasitic infections are related to micronutrient status and body composition in Mexican school-age children: results from a cross-sectional study.
García OP, Zavala GA, Campos-Ponce M … +5 more , Doak CM, Brito A, Polman K, Allen LH, Rosado JL
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768916 · Full text
Intestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health issue, particularly in low-resource settings. They have been linked to poor micronutrient status and body composition, which are critical determinants of...
Intestinal parasitic infections remain a significant public health issue, particularly in low-resource settings. They have been linked to poor micronutrient status and body composition, which are critical determinants of child health and development. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between intestinal parasitic infections and micronutrient status, and whether these differ according to the body composition. Serum concentrations of zinc, iron, ferritin, vitamins A, E, C, D, folate, B12 and CRP, were determined in 269 school-aged children from rural Mexico. Infection with soil transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal protozoa was screened in a fecal sample. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken. Lower ferritin, zinc and vitamin C concentrations were found in children infected with any STHs or compared to parasite-free children ( < 0.05). Children infected with any intestinal protozoa, or had higher concentrations of ferritin and B12 than parasite-free children ( < 0.05). Vitamin E: lipid concentration was higher in children infected with any intestinal protozoa and Among the children with high body fat percentage, those infected with STH had lower zinc, and those infected with intestinal protozoa had lower vitamin A than parasite-free children ( < 0.05). STH infection was associated with lower concentrations of ferritin, zinc and vitamin C, whereas intestinal protozoa infection with higher concentrations of ferritin, vitamin E: lipids, and B12. These associations differed according to body fat percentage.
Survey of some intestinal parasites infecting children and their mothers in Haro Health Center, Southwest Ethiopia.
Zemene E, Abdi K, Aman A … +4 more , Dubale M, Gebrezgabiher G, Tiruneh A, Mekonnen Z
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768915 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Under-five children and women of reproductive age in developing countries face a high risk of morbidity from intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). Maternal IPIs may increase the risk of infection of their c...
BACKGROUND: Under-five children and women of reproductive age in developing countries face a high risk of morbidity from intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs). Maternal IPIs may increase the risk of infection of their children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among mothers and their under-five children at Haro Health Center, Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving under-five children and their mothers was conducted in Haro Health Center between March and June 2019. Socio-demographic data and factors associated with IPIs were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Stool samples from both the children and their mothers were examined for intestinal parasites using direct wet-mount microscopy and formol-ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed using STATA_MP version 12 (Stata Corp., TX, USA). RESULTS: A total of 209 mother-child pairs participated in the study. Intestinal parasitic infections were detected in 22% (46/209) of the mothers and 19.1% (40/209) of the children. Overall, and were the predominant intestinal parasites recorded. Significant factors associated with maternal IPIs included source of drinking water (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.8, 95% CI 1.0-28.3), bathing in the river (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI 2.6-20.0) and having untrimmed fingernails (AOR = 28.0, 95% CI 7.5-105). Among the children, IPIs were significantly associated with having untrimmed fingernails (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI 1.0-6.5) and experiencing diarrhea in the two weeks prior to the survey (AOR = 9.4, 95% CI 2.2-40). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, untrimmed fingernails were a predisposing factor for IPIs in both the children and their mothers. There is a need to improve personal hygiene and enhance the quality of drinking water for the local population.
The effect of intestinal protozoan infections on hematological parameters and micronutrients in colorectal cancer patients.
Marhoon IA, Al-Aredhi HS
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768914 · Full text
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections ( and ) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from Iraq as well as evaluating the blood components and essential micronutrient levels in these p...
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections ( and ) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from Iraq as well as evaluating the blood components and essential micronutrient levels in these patients. The existing study involved 90 patients diagnosed with CRC who referred to Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital between January and June 2024. A fresh stool specimen was obtained from each participant and placed in a sterile, labeled container. Direct smear method (wet mount) and the formol-ether concentration technique were used to identify intestinal protozoa. Each patient provided 3 mL of blood, which was divided into two parts: in the first part, 2 mL of blood was placed in yellow hooded coagulant tubes to obtain the sera for evaluating the serum level of the micronutrient-related elements (iron and zinc). The remaining blood was placed in EDTA anticoagulant tubes for complete blood count (CBC) analysis. Our results showed infection as the most common parasite affecting 61.29% of patients, alongside infection found in 38.70% of subjects. This dual parasite infection resulted in significant reductions of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume but produced minimal neutrophil elevation and displayed variable effects on both white blood cells and eosinophil levels. Participants experienced a reduction in their iron content when infected with both parasites, while caused major zinc loss, and showed moderate declines in zinc levels. The identified protozoan infections of CRC patients generate substantial health consequences, which indicate a crucial requirement for proper parasitic management within this at-risk patient group.
Correction: Prevalence and histopathological analysis of hydatid cysts in sheep and cattle slaughtered in Batna, Northeast Algeria.
Baghezza S, Azizi A, Foughali AA … +3 more , Ghougal K, Mamache B, Bennoune O
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768913 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01742-7.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12639-024-01742-7.].
Burden of diarrhoeal diseases and intestinal parasitic infections in the Taabo health and demographic surveillance system, Côte d'Ivoire: prevalence and associations.
Coulibaly G, Ouattara M, Dongo K … +5 more , Tuo N, Alloka RG, Akro JK, Raso G, N'Goran EK
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768912 · Full text
Diarrhoeal diseases and intestinal helminth infections remain significant public health concerns, particularly in rural areas with poor hygiene conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diarrho...
Diarrhoeal diseases and intestinal helminth infections remain significant public health concerns, particularly in rural areas with poor hygiene conditions. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between diarrhoeal diseases and intestinal parasitic infections. In November 2017, a cross-sectional parasitological survey was conducted in thirteen (13) localities within the Taabo sub-prefecture, which hosts a Health and Demographic Surveillance System. Study participants were requested to provide stool sample, which were subsequently examined macroscopically for diarrhoea and microscopically for intestinal parasitic infections. A total of 690 participants were included in this study. The prevalence of diarrhoeal disease was 15.9% (110/690). In addition, stool analysis using Kato-Katz method revealed infection prevalence of 15.5% for spp., 3.2% for and 0.1% for both and . Among these parasite species, a statistically significant association was observed between cases of diarrhoea and . (χ = 6.443; = 0.011). The findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of diarrhoeal diseases and hookworm infestation in the Taabo sub-prefecture. However, the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was notably lower than reported in previous studies. These results highlight the need for integrated intervention strategies including Mass Drug Administration (MDA), Oral Hydration Salt (ORS), Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and Community Health Education (CHE) for effective and efficient control of these diseases to alleviate their burden among vulnerable groups.
Prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding tick infestation in large ruminants of district Sheikhupura, Punjab, Pakistan.
Shah SSTH, Shabbir RMK
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768911 · Full text
ABSTRACT: Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) are obligatory ectoparasites that pose a significant threat to livestock due to their hematophagous feeding habits and their role in the transmission of numerous diseases. This study ai...
ABSTRACT: Ticks (Acari: Ixodoidea) are obligatory ectoparasites that pose a significant threat to livestock due to their hematophagous feeding habits and their role in the transmission of numerous diseases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tick infection in cattle and buffaloes in Punjab, Pakistan's Sheikhupura District and to analyze livestock farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about tick control. From April to September 2021, 534 cattle and buffaloes were analyzed in addition to conducting structured interviews with farm owners. Results of this study demonstrate that Sheikhupura has a comparatively low prevalence of tick infestation as compared to other areas of the country. There was no statistically significant difference in tick infestation between buffaloes (20.28%) and cattle (22.18%), suggesting that both species are equally susceptible. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the seasonal distribution of ticks, with a marked increase in infestation during the summer months (July-August; < 0.05), indicating a strong influence of climatic conditions. Moreover, significant breed-specific differences were noted ( < 0.05), as hybrid buffaloes and Desi cattle exhibited higher infestation rates compared to indigenous breeds, suggesting that genetic and management factors may play a crucial role in host susceptibility. Additionally, geographically distinct variations in tick prevalence among tehsils were statistically significant ( < 0.05), underscoring the impact of localized environmental conditions on tick distribution. The widespread behavior of manually removing ticks (95.88%), which multiplies the risk of disease transmission, indicates that even though 91.02% of farmers questioned were aware of ticks, this awareness was not translated into effective control measures. There are still gaps in effective tick control, even though 58.80% of respondents claimed they used anti-tick medications. The unsafe tick removal techniques draw attention to the necessity of educational initiatives that encourage safer handling techniques. Future control initiatives in Pakistan's endemic areas might benefit from the important insights this study offers about the dynamics of tick infestations and livestock management techniques.
Prevalence of piroplasm infection and associated risk factors in goats from upper Egypt, with emphasis on 18S rRNA gene diversity.
Elseadawy R, Saleh S, El-Alfy ES … +5 more , Abbas I, Abdelhamid M, Elkashefy E, Elkhodery S, Gioushy M
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768910 · Full text
UNLABELLED: Sheep and goats are significant livestock in Egypt economy; however, there is still a lack of published data investigating piroplasm infections, particularly in goats. Blood samples were collected from 182 ap...
UNLABELLED: Sheep and goats are significant livestock in Egypt economy; however, there is still a lack of published data investigating piroplasm infections, particularly in goats. Blood samples were collected from 182 apparently healthy goats from herds in Aswan ( = 100) and Assiut ( = 82) governorates in Upper Egypt. Microscopic examination of thin blood smears stained with Giemsa revealed 33 positives for piroplasm infection (18.13%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the location, Assiut compared to Aswan governorate ( ≤ 0.001), was the significant risk factor for infection. Additionally, tick infestations were also identified as a risk factor for infection ( < 0.05) according to the multivariate logistic regression model. Twenty microscopic positive samples were shown to be positive for using 18S rRNA-PCR assay, but none of them tested positive for and . Nucleotide sequencing of five isolates out of the twenty confirmed infection. Currently, there is no available information on the level of genetic diversity among populations, and all isolates have been sequenced using the 18S rRNA gene. A total of 445 GenBank published 18S rRNA nucleotide sequences were collected including this study isolate and subjected to various genetic analyses. The isolates were clustered into 37 haplotypes with low haplotype and nucleotide diversity, and high sequence conservation. A major haplotype was identified, and dominated across all sampled hosts and countries. Additionally, comparisons of populations across different hosts and geographical regions showed limited genetic differentiation and strong gene flow. This data suggests that the analysed region of the 18S rRNA gene is highly conserved. Identification and sequence analysis of polymorphic markers could be useful for understanding the infection dynamics and evolutionary relationships among spp. infecting small ruminants. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12639-025-01819-x.
Microscopic investigation of poultry coccidiosis and associated risk factors in farms in gondar, Ethiopia.
Yayeh M
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768909 · Full text
Coccidiosis is a common disease in poultry caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, affecting the gut of domestic and wild birds. Seven Eimeria species (, , , , , , and are recognized to infect poultry. A cro...
Coccidiosis is a common disease in poultry caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, affecting the gut of domestic and wild birds. Seven Eimeria species (, , , , , , and are recognized to infect poultry. A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2024 to determine the prevalence of coccidiosis and its risk factors in poultry farms around Gondar Town, Ethiopia. A total of 384 poultry samples were collected using simple random sampling, considering different management systems, sex, breed, and age. Fecal samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The overall prevalence of coccidiosis was 22.4%, with five Eimeria species identified: , , , , and The prevalence of single-species infection (20.03%) was higher than mixed infections (2.34%), with being the most prevalent, followed by . The highest infection rate (24.35%) was observed in chickens aged 2-8 weeks, though no statistically significant difference was found between age groups. Intensive management systems had a higher infection rate (28.41%) compared to semi-intensive systems, However, this difference was not statistically significant. The study concluded that age, management systems and body condition were main risk factors for coccidiosis, while sex, breed, and production purpose showed no significant association with infection rates. Despite a reduction in prevalence, coccidiosis remains a significant challenge for poultry farmers and veterinary professionals in the region. Improved management practices, including enhanced biosecurity measures and regular monitoring are recommended to reduce the prevalence of coccidiosis in the study area.
Report on nematode parasites in spot-billed pelicans () and painted storks () from Telineelapuram, Srikakulam District, AP, India.
Mathews A, Malathi S, Mohinikumari P … +1 more , Shameem U
J Parasit Dis · 2026 Mar · PMID 41768908 · Full text
The present investigation is undertaken to understand the cause of the sudden mass mortality of Spot-billed Pelicans () that have mixed colonies with Painted storks () at Bird Migration Site, Telineelapuram Village, Tekk...
The present investigation is undertaken to understand the cause of the sudden mass mortality of Spot-billed Pelicans () that have mixed colonies with Painted storks () at Bird Migration Site, Telineelapuram Village, Tekkali Mandal, Srikakulam District, Andhra Pradesh. Post-mortem examination of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of a single pelican was conducted along with the faecal analysis of both birds using Mac Master floatation technique. The infected proventriculus of pelican was studied histopathologically. Adult nematode parasites collected were identified and described using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Faecal analysis of 25 birds (15 pelicans and 10 storks) showed 100% prevalence of infection. Post-mortem revealed very high parasite burden with as many as 1967 parasites in four stages i.e. 316 third larval stage (L3), 652 fourth larval stage (L4), 573 immature adult and 426 mature adult nematode parasites. These nematodes were found attached to mucosal surface of the proventriculus, obstructing the lumen, causing haemorrhages and revealing some histoarchitectural changes at the histopathological level. Adult parasites were identified as species i.e. and . This is the first record of species in the proventriculus of a wild spot-billed pelican at Srikakulam District. Overall, the present study alerts the occurrence of sudden mass mortalities in migratory birds like pelicans and storks due to heavy infections and stresses the importance of implementing timely preventive measures to safeguard the avian fauna.
In vivo efficiency evaluation of nitazoxanide with cationic and amphoteric surfactants on murine cryptosporidiosis: parasitological, and histopathological studies.
Ahmed Z, Kandeel EM, Badr EE … +4 more , Aboushousha T, El-Ashkar AM, Sadek M, Abdelmaksoud HF
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230277 · Full text
Cryptosporidiosis in humans is a major contributor to diarrheal epidemics that are spread through water and have a significant impact on a global scale. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is still the only FDA-approved drug against cryp...
Cryptosporidiosis in humans is a major contributor to diarrheal epidemics that are spread through water and have a significant impact on a global scale. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is still the only FDA-approved drug against cryptosporidiosis, but unfortunately, it has poor water solubility and bioavailability that greatly affect its efficacy. This study aimed to test the efficacy of NTZ when used in combination with cationic and amphoteric surfactants on murine cryptosporidiosis. Fifty-four white albino female mice were separated into nine groups, with each group containing six mice that had compromised immune systems. normal non-infected non-treated (healthy control). infected, non-treated (infected control); infected with species oocyst and treated with: NTZ (NTZ), cationic surfactant [3-(dodecyl(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)amino)-N,N,N-triethyl-2-hydroxypropan-1-aminium chloride (GDCS)]; amphoteric surfactant [sodium 3-(dodecyl(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)amino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonate (GDAS)]; : NTZ and GDCS; NTZ and GDAS; NTZ and GDCS in a critical micelle concentration (CMC); NTZ and GDAS in CMC. Parasitological, and histopathological, examinations were done. Parasitological examination revealed a statistically significant difference ( < 0.001) between the different test and control groups. GIX showed the best results, with the highest percentage of reduction of oocysts in the stool (98.21%) which was statistically significant from other test and control groups. Histopathological examination revealed marked improvement in small intestinal villi, liver, and lung tissues when NTZ was used in combination with GDCS, and GDAS, especially with GDAS CMC. Therefore, surfactant could be an excellent adjuvant therapy when combined with NTZ in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis, especially GDAS CMC.
Morphological and molecular investigation of hydatid cyst isolated from small ruminants in Rasht, Iran.
Farokhpey S, Sadr S, Yaghfoori S … +1 more , Borji H
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230276 · Full text
Cystic echinococcosis is an important zoonotic disease and pose a significant health threat worldwide. () has ten strains and exhibits many characteristics. Hence, the current study aims to identify the hydatid cysts ge...
Cystic echinococcosis is an important zoonotic disease and pose a significant health threat worldwide. () has ten strains and exhibits many characteristics. Hence, the current study aims to identify the hydatid cysts genotype isolated from sheep and goats in Rasht County through morphological and molecular analyses. During 6 months (winter 2018 to summer 2019), 50 samples, including liver and lung tissues, were collected at Rasht County slaughterhouse (30 goats and 20 sheep). Hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) was extracted, and protocoleces were collected and rostellar hooks' morphological parameters were examined. DNA was extracted, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using primers on the ITS 1 gene using EgF and EgR, and the enzyme Bsh1236 I was used for digestion. The morphological and molecular analysis identified sheep and goat hydatid cyst isolated as strain G1-G3. This study highlights the importance of carefully monitoring the prevalence of hydatid disease in Rasht, Iran, especially in small ruminants. It is especially important for future studies in strain identification and awareness-raising about methods for preventing and controlling zoonotic diseases caused by . This research can be considered important for epidemiological studies and examining how the parasite spreads in other regions of the country and even globally in the face of drug resistance and common diseases between humans and livestock.
A review on molecular markers of .
Abebe W, Woldesenbet D
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230275 · Full text
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Malaria control efforts on a global scale are in danger due to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria. Despite stakeholders' dedic...
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoans of the genus Malaria control efforts on a global scale are in danger due to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant malaria. Despite stakeholders' dedication to the prevention and treatment of malaria, the current state of global health does not offer an effective answer to the issue of drug resistance. Furthermore, there is an information gap about the molecular mechanisms of 's drug resistance, which makes it difficult to develop monitoring systems. Most countries lack adequate and comprehensive information on antimalarial drug efficacy. has developed resistance to almost all anti-malarial drugs, which poses a significant danger to malaria control worldwide. The fundamental mechanism of artemisinin resistance is due to point mutations in the beta-propeller domain of the gene encoding Kelch protein 13. Atovaquone resistance can be caused by a variety of mutations in the cytochrome b gene, with the majority of mutations affecting the protein's ubiquinol binding site. Similarly, mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter, multi-drug resistance 1, and an increase in falciparum Plasmepsin II and III copy numbers all lead to 4-aminoquinoline drug resistance. Also, the number of amino acid substitutions in dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthase is correlated with the degree of antifolate drug resistance. Moreover, amino alcohol drug resistance is caused by multidrug resistance protein 1 and Na+/H + exchanger 1 mutations. In general, chloroquine resistance transporter, multidrug resistance protein 1, Na+/H + exchanger 1, plasmepsin II & III, cytochrome b gene, dihydrofolate reductase, ATPases 6, Kelch protein 13, and dihydropteroate synthase were just the molecular markers of drug resistance of . Future research on the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in should focus on significant area including using transcriptomic and genomic technologies to identify genetic variations associated with resistance. Finding the protein interactions that underlie these resistance mechanisms requires proteomic research. Additionally, the possibility of resistance development may be decreased by investigating combination therapies that target several phases of the lifecycle. In order to successfully address drug resistance in malaria, it will be essential to strengthen worldwide monitoring systems and promote interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, regular monitoring, identification, and limiting of drug-resistant strains through in vivo efficacy tests, in vitro tests, combination therapy, molecular techniques, and appropriate policies must continue to ensure the effectiveness of malaria treatment.
The efficacy of resveratrol and nitazoxanide combination therapy in a murine model of chronic toxoplasmosis.
Hassan ZR, Zekry KM, El-Sayed S … +17 more , Ahmed SG, Taha AK, Mahmoud NA, Etewa MAM, Mousa SNM, Mohamed RE, Eraque AMS, Mohamed SA, Amin Salman MM, Hamouda MMM, Tolba AMA, Nasr SM, Atta SA, Mohamed RA, Fahmy NT, Beshlawy HA, Badr MS
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230274 · Full text
Toxoplasmosis is a global parasitic disease that can affect the central nervous system, causing severe complications. Introducing new agents that are safe during pregnancy and more effective for chronic toxoplasmosis is...
Toxoplasmosis is a global parasitic disease that can affect the central nervous system, causing severe complications. Introducing new agents that are safe during pregnancy and more effective for chronic toxoplasmosis is essential. This study investigated the effects of combined treatments with resveratrol, nitazoxanide, and spiramycin in chronic toxoplasmosis. Fifty-four Swiss albino mice were distributed into nine groups: Group 1, non-infected control; Group 2, infected non-treated control; Group 3, infected resveratrol-treated; Group 4, infected nitazoxanide-treated; Group 5, infected spiramycin-treated; Group 6, infected resveratrol and nitazoxanide-treated; Group 7, infected resveratrol and spiramycin-treated; Group 8, infected resveratrol, nitazoxanide, and spiramycin-treated; and Group 9, infected half-dose resveratrol, nitazoxanide, and spiramycin-treated. Effectiveness was evaluated by counting brain tissue cysts, histopathological examination of liver and brain tissues, immunohistochemical analysis of brain CD8 T expression, biochemical measurement of serum IFN-γ and tissue MDA levels, and molecular assays for and gene expression. The data demonstrated that adding resveratrol to spiramycin significantly reduced brain tissue cyst load, improved underlying tissue pathology, reduced brain CD8 T expression, and lowered serum IFN-γ, tissue MDA, , and gene levels in the liver, with elevated MDA, , and gene levels in the brain. These results were enhanced by adding nitazoxanide to the resveratrol and spiramycin combination. It can be concoluded that co-administration of resveratrol and nitazoxanide can synergistically enhance the therapeutic effect of spiramycin in chronic toxoplasmosis.
The role of blood nested B1-gene in differentiation of acute toxoplasmosis from chronic infection during pregnancy.
Roostaei T, Hosseini SA, Foroughi-Parvar F … +3 more , Haghi MM, Hajilooi M, Matini M
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230273 · Full text
causes common parasitic infection, and congenital toxoplasmosis is considered a serious public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of maternal blood PCR in distinguishing acute from chronic toxoplasm...
causes common parasitic infection, and congenital toxoplasmosis is considered a serious public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of maternal blood PCR in distinguishing acute from chronic toxoplasmosis during pregnancy. From January to June 2023, 291 pregnant women in Malayer, western Iran, were screened for IgG antibodies via ELISA. Seropositive samples underwent further testing for IgG avidity and IgM antibodies. Peripheral blood samples from IgG-positive women were then analyzed for DNA by targeting the B1 gene through nested PCR. Among the 291 pregnant women, 77 (26.46%; 95% CI: 21.39-31.53) tested positive for anti- IgG. Seropositivity rates were significantly higher in women aged 39 years or older. Anti- IgM was detected in two of the IgG-positive samples. IgG avidity results showed low levels in four asymptomatic women, borderline levels in four women, and high levels in 69 women. The B1 gene was detected in four out of the 77 seropositive samples. Based on the combination of serological and PCR results, primary infection was diagnosed in three PCR-positive women with low and borderline IgG avidity. Finally, acute toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in three pregnant women (1%), indicating that the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis remains a serious issue. Furthermore, these findings suggest that serology results should be interpreted in conjunction with additional confirmatory tests.
Detection of LPG2 and GP63 genes sequencing in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Muhammad OM, Salih TA, Al-Halbosiy MM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230272 · Full text
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant health issue, particularly in Iraq, with a notable increase in cases during the winter months. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, selected...
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant health issue, particularly in Iraq, with a notable increase in cases during the winter months. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ramadi Teaching Hospital, selected due to the rising incidence of CL. A total of 10 patients, aged 18-40, with an average age of 29, participated in the study, which ran from December 10, 2023, to March 2024. Blood samples were collected from the lesions of CL patients using capillary tubes, ensuring sufficient volume by using multiple tubes per sample. Patients were undergoing treatment with Pentostam as prescribed. The collected blood was transferred to tubes containing sodium chloride solution and stored at- 20 °C until DNA extraction. After storage, genomic DNA was successfully extracted from the samples. This DNA served as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, utilizing specific primers designed to amplify genes associated with virulence factors. Among the 10 samples, 7 tested positive for DNA extraction, while 3 were negative. Of the 7 positive samples, PCR electrophoresis indicated that 3 were positive for the GP63 gene and 4 were negative. Conversely, 4 samples were positive for the LPG2 gene, while 3 were negative. A control group was included to facilitate comparison during PCR electrophoresis for both genes. Analysis confirmed that Leishmania major is the sole causative agent of CL in Anbar.
Green-synthesized silver and iron nanoparticles from and antimalarial agents in mice models.
Abuh OO, Surakat OA, Azeez LA … +3 more , Rufia AM, Fasasi KA, Adeleke MA
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230271 · Full text
Malaria remains a significant health burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, exacerbated by growing parasite drug resistance. Nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for effective antimalarial drug delivery, mitigat...
Malaria remains a significant health burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, exacerbated by growing parasite drug resistance. Nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for effective antimalarial drug delivery, mitigating resistance, and reducing toxicity. This study investigated the antiplasmodial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) green-synthesized using and extracts against in mice. Characterization confirmed nanoparticle formation: visual color changes, UV-Vis SPR peaks (295 nm for AgNPs, (TCA) 435 nm for AgNPs (AA), 270 nm for FeNPs (TCF), 242 nm for FeNPs (AF), FTIR identification of capping functional groups, and SEM-EDX elemental confirmation (Ag: 77.20% and 65.20%; Fe: 60.24% and 71.40%). Acute toxicity (LD) tests showed high safety, with TCA, AA, and TCF exhibiting above 5000 mg/kg, while AF's LD was 223.6 mg/kg. In curative assays, all nanoparticles demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition, with AA 100 mg/kg achieving the highest at 75.6%. Prophylactic tests revealed impressive efficacy, with TCF 100 mg/kg showing 94.1% inhibition, and other nanoparticles above 87.0%. No significant difference ( > 0.05) in efficacy was observed among different nanoparticle dosages. These findings underscore the dose-dependent curative and prophylactic antiplasmodial activities of these green-synthesized nanoparticles, advocating for their further development as accessible antimalarial options.
Rapid visual detection of tick borne in Indian buffaloes using loop mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting major surface protein 5 gene.
Kumar N, Solanki JB, Patel DC
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Dec · PMID 41230270 · Full text
This study demonstrates the efficacy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, both targeting the major surface protein 5 (msp5) gene, for the detection of in Indian wa...
This study demonstrates the efficacy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, both targeting the major surface protein 5 (msp5) gene, for the detection of in Indian water buffaloes. The LAMP assay exhibited superior sensitivity, detecting the pathogen in 24 out of 110 samples (21.81%), compared to PCR, which identified 16 out of 110 samples (14.55%), and conventional microscopic examination, which detected only 6 out of 110 samples (5.45%). Relative to PCR, the LAMP assay achieved a diagnostic sensitivity of 93.75% (95% CI 69.77-99.84%) and specificity of 90.43% (95% CI 82.60-95.53%), with a positive predictive value of 62.50% and a negative predictive value of 98.84%. These findings highlight the LAMP assay as a sensitive, specific, and practical diagnostic tool for . in buffaloes, particularly suitable for field conditions due to its simplicity and visual detection capabilities.
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