Journal Of Parasitic Diseases[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Prevalence, associated risk factors and molecular identification of urinary schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Jama'are Local Government Area, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
Yusuf AS, Moi IM, Hassan MA … +1 more , Abubakar BM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901434 · Full text
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among school pupils in Jama'are Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria, a parasitic infection affecting over 250 million peopl...
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of urinary schistosomiasis among school pupils in Jama'are Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria, a parasitic infection affecting over 250 million people, with most cases concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the study area from January 2024 to May 2024 to address these issues. The urine samples of 384 school pupils aged 6-15 were examined to detect eggs. A structured questionnaire was used to gather data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors. Chi-square, univariate, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine relationships. DNA extraction, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed to determine the strain. The prevalence of was 14.60% (95% CI 11.20-18.50) among primary school pupils. The chi-square analysis revealed a significant association with all socio-demographic variables except age. Other risk factors, such as water source, fishing, playing in shallow water, toilet facility, itching experience, and blood in urine, were significantly associated with schistosomiasis infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pupils who defecated anywhere were 43 times more likely to contract schistosomiasis compared to those who used the water system at homes [AOR (95% CI): 43.56 (1.15-1646.52)]. Children experiencing itching had a 105 times higher risk of contracting the infection [AOR (95% CI): 104.84 (15.45-771.37)], while those with haematuria had a significantly higher likelihood of becoming infected [AOR (95% CI): 281.88 (32.70-2429.96). A phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that isolates were primarily pure strains closely related to from Nigeria and other African nations. The study found a moderate infection among primary school pupils, recommending that government authorities implement chemotherapeutic interventions, educational campaigns, and safe water sources.
Exploring the anthelmintic potential of some fabaceous plants: a comprehensive review.
Venkataraman S, Marimuthu K, Palani J … +5 more , Batcha BS, Amanulla ARB, Arul J, Ravichandran RK, Rahuman SS
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901433 · Full text
Parasites have long been a source of concern in medicine, with helminths thought to be responsible for a wide range of disorders in humans and animals. In traditional systems of medicine, a great range of medicinal plant...
Parasites have long been a source of concern in medicine, with helminths thought to be responsible for a wide range of disorders in humans and animals. In traditional systems of medicine, a great range of medicinal plants are reported to have anthelmintic properties and are used by ethnic groups all over the world. Even with the availability of several synthetic medications in the market, a revival of herbal and natural drug usage is clearly considered in this day. Nearly 80% of the world's population, mostly in urban areas, use traditional medicine. As a result, the necessity to explore plants for therapy has grown in importance. Various peer-reviewed publications and reputable search engines were thoroughly reviewed in order to collect information about phytochemical constituents, anthelmintic activity and other activities of some plants in the fabaceae family. Most of the plants in the Fabaceae family possess anthelmintic activity and this review provides a comprehensive list of a few medicinal plants from this family. Among the phytoconstituents present in these plants, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds etc. have been attributed to have anthelmintic activities. The present review consolidates the anthelmintic activities shown by different plants from the fabaceae family. This work will be of great importance to the researchers who work on isolation of various phytochemicals from the herbs such that the same can be utilized as a formulation.
Anthelmintic resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: an emerging threat in cattle farms in Bangladesh.
Khatun S, Anisuzzaman, Shohana NN … +3 more , Noor KA, Alam MZ, Dey AR
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901432 · Full text
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a major problem in the profitable production of livestock. Therefore, this study evaluated AR status in cattle farms at Mymensingh Sadar using in vivo, fecal egg count reduction test (FECR...
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a major problem in the profitable production of livestock. Therefore, this study evaluated AR status in cattle farms at Mymensingh Sadar using in vivo, fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and in vitro, egg hatch assay (EHA) techniques. For this, ten cattle farms and forty animals from individual farms with more than 200 eggs per gram (EPG) of feces were selected by employing the McMaster technique. For FECRT, four groups having ten animals in each group were designed and animals of group I were treated with albendazole (ABZ), group II with levamisole (LEV), group III with ivermectin (IVM) according to the bodyweight and group IV was served as control (untreated). Fecal samples were collected at day 0 (pre-treatment) and day 14 of post-treatment (p. t) from animals of all treated and untreated groups directly from the rectum to calculate EPG and subsequently considered for copro-culture to detect resistant parasitic larvae. For EHA, following the collection of pooled fecal samples from ten farms, eggs were isolated and incubated with different concentrations of albendazole such as 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 µg/ml. In FECRT, the result revealed that all three drugs such as ABZ, LEV and IVM were resistant in all farms except one where IVM was suspected resistance (SR). The identified resistant larvae from copro-culture were , and In EHA, the EC value of ABZ ranged from 0.14 to 0.29 µg ABZ/ml (> 0.1 µg/ml designated as resistance) with the coefficient of correlation (R2) > 0.97 confirming ABZ resistance in all cattle farms. The present study suggests that AR is increasing and creates an alarming condition in controlling GI nematodes in Bangladesh.
Investigation of haemato-biochemical parameters in bovine oriental theileriosis: A retrospective probe into the alterations in chronically infected cattle in endemic herds of Kannur district of Kerala, India.
Mathai VM, Sarangom SB, Abhijith SP
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901431 · Full text
Bovine theileriosis is a common tick-borne disease leading to reduced productivity, significant mortality and huge economic loss. The present study was conducted at Regional Clinical Laboratory, District Veterinary Centr...
Bovine theileriosis is a common tick-borne disease leading to reduced productivity, significant mortality and huge economic loss. The present study was conducted at Regional Clinical Laboratory, District Veterinary Centre, Kannur, Kerala, India to evaluate the haemato-biochemical parameters in bovine theileriosis caused by . The whole blood and serum samples of 75 cows collected from different parts of Kannur district, Kerala India, tested positive for by light microscopy and polymerase chain reaction were subjected to a battery of haemato-biochemical tests such as complete blood count, serum ionized calcium (iCa), magnesium (Mg), inorganic phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), total protein (TP), albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The pattern of variation in each parameter was evaluated retrospectively by grouping the animals based on the chronicity of infection into chronic and acute cases, and re-grouping them based on parasitemia rates. The variation of each hemato-biochemical parameter between groups in both the distribution patterns were compared and studied. Variations in haematological parameters such as haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red cell distribution width revealed a weak correlation with parasitemia rates. However, the between-group variations in biochemical parameters like GGT, TP, albumin, zinc, copper and TIBC were more consistent in the distribution based on chronicity of infection pointing towards the existence of hepatic impairment and trace mineral imbalance specifically in cows persistently infected with theileriosis.
in (Acari: Ixodida, Ixodidae) collected on horses from North-western Argentina.
Montini M, Torrents J, Nava S … +1 more , Sebastian PS
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901430 · Full text
ticks collected on horses from the North-West of Argentina were analyzed for the presence of the Piroplasm agents and . A total of 97 adult ticks from four different provinces (Jujuy, Santiago del Estero, Salta, Tucumán...
ticks collected on horses from the North-West of Argentina were analyzed for the presence of the Piroplasm agents and . A total of 97 adult ticks from four different provinces (Jujuy, Santiago del Estero, Salta, Tucumán) were included in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated, and conventional PCR assays were applied for the detection of the 18S rDNA gene of and species. One sample corresponding to a male of collected in Tapia, Tucumán Province, resulted positive. Phylogenetic analyses carried out with the obtained 18S rDNA partial gene sequences resulted in the identification of . Although the detection of in collected on a horse does not represent direct evidence of its vector competence regarding this species, it can be seen as an indication of the circulation of in the epidemiological circuit formed by the interaction horses.
Characterizing gut fauna of American cockroach: Presence of and .
Paul S, Sardar S, Ghosh J
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901429 · Full text
Cockroach gut houses mostly anaerobic microbial communities. Most of these eukaryotes live as endocommensal rather as pathogens. The morphological diversity of the eukaryotic microorganisms present in the intestinal trac...
Cockroach gut houses mostly anaerobic microbial communities. Most of these eukaryotes live as endocommensal rather as pathogens. The morphological diversity of the eukaryotic microorganisms present in the intestinal tract of American cockroach, were investigated. Cockroaches were dissected in 0.67% saline and temporary iodine wet mount were prepared. Microrganisms were stained permanently with Delafield and Heidenhain haematoxylin. Feulgen methods were used to study nuclear organization and Periodic acid-Schiff method was performed to observe mucopolysaccharide localization. Prevalence of isolated specimens was also determined. The study revealed the assemblage of complex eukaryotic fauna showing unique morphological peculiarities. Two oxyurid helminth genera namely and were isolated with 47.1 and 67.6% prevalence respectively. Among the protozoans the highest prevalence was shown by (91.2%). Feulgen reaction revealed that in most of the specimens micronucleus was embedded over the macronucleus of . Periodic acid-Schiff positive granules were mostly located in the anterior one third region of the cell. Here, a new species of ( n.sp.) was found in the hind gut of showing characteristic membrane folds with a prevalence rate of 11.8%. We also report the occurrence of (prevalence 2.94%) from hind gut smear of cockroach not previously reported in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Another human pathogen reported to cause lung infection, was also detected with a prevalence of 11.8%. A moderate number of (41.2%) and (14.7%) were isolated from the hind gut and mid gut of respectively. was detected in Kolkata not previously detected in the city. The isolation of , a potential pathogen of human lungs, from cockroach gut constitutes major health risk for humans. Discovery of new species of the ciliate () from cockroach hind intestine also may have a role in the host physiology as well disease causing potentiality in humans.
Misdiagnosis of crusted scabies as psoriasis: a case study.
Almheirat Y, Tahri N, Hormi O … +4 more , Talbi H, Zerrouki N, Zizi N, Dikhaye S
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901428 · Full text
This paper presents a case of a 43-year-old man with Down syndrome misdiagnosed with psoriasis, later diagnosed with CS. Clinical manifestations included pruritus, hyperkeratotic plaques, and yellow crusts on the scalp,...
This paper presents a case of a 43-year-old man with Down syndrome misdiagnosed with psoriasis, later diagnosed with CS. Clinical manifestations included pruritus, hyperkeratotic plaques, and yellow crusts on the scalp, hands, and feet. Laboratory findings revealed eosinophilia and confirmed scabies through mite identification. Treatment with oral ivermectin and permethrin cream led to complete lesion clearance in two weeks. Crusted scabies is highly contagious and often misdiagnosed, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and appropriate treatment to prevent complications and transmission.
Ciliate parasite causing acute mortality in tiger barb (, Bleeker, 1855) and widow tetra (, Boulenger, 1895).
Banu H, Swain HS, Bharathi Rathinam R … +2 more , Singh PK, Kamei M
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901427 · Full text
A mixed group of tiger barb () and different colored glo widow tetra () were procured from Galiff street market of Kolkata, India and stocked in a glass aquarium with 250L water capacity for ornamental fish decorative pu...
A mixed group of tiger barb () and different colored glo widow tetra () were procured from Galiff street market of Kolkata, India and stocked in a glass aquarium with 250L water capacity for ornamental fish decorative purpose. After a few days of stocking, fishes were (mean weight of 1.8 ± 0.5 g and mean length 5.0 ± 0.3 cm) found severely infected with white spot disease. Initially, the manifestation was clearly observed in Tiger barb followed by widow tetra with clinical signs of white spot, loss of fin, complete loss of gill filaments, and anorexia. The causative agent was identified as protozoan ciliate parasite , by wet mount preparation. The histopathological observation of infected fish skin tissue depicts that epidermis were severely damaged and presence of trophozoite parasite in dermis near the blood vessels. Molecular characterization of the parasitic pathogen was carried out by partial18s rDNA sequencing and the obtained sequences were showing 100% similarity with previously reported Indian sequence.
Genetic and morphological variation of isolated from sheep in different regions of Iran.
Rajabi S, Tavassoli M, Esmaeilnejad B … +1 more , Samiei A
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901426 · Full text
consists of several protoscolices and it contains a transparent cyst wall. Domestic and wild canids constitute the predators, while a wide range of herbivores are the prey hosts. The study aims to evaluate the phylogenet...
consists of several protoscolices and it contains a transparent cyst wall. Domestic and wild canids constitute the predators, while a wide range of herbivores are the prey hosts. The study aims to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships and nucleotide diversity using partial sequences of the ND1 gene in different regions of Iran. Samples were gathered from areas with various climatic locations in Iran. Sheep were slaughtered and their brain was used at abattoir and were palpated and incised to check for the presence of cysts. With immediate DNA extraction, a PCR test for the ND1 gene using specific primers was done. Subsequently, the total diameter of the cyst lies within 0.5 to 5 cm, and the amount of protoscolices in the cyst lies within 50-350 protoscolex, the average length of large and small hooks was 195 and 93 μm respectively. Sequencing results of Iranian isolates from sheep's brain cyst in this study showed no differences in partial NADH gene among the Iranian isolates and had high similarity with the sequences of isolates from Turkey, Italy, Greece, Egypt, and Australia. Based on molecular alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the close relationship between Iranian isolates from the same hosts as Turkey and China was correlated to the same geographical conditions and high rate of trade between countries. These results gave important information for further studies of molecular epidemiology and control of infestation to the public, medical associations, entomologists, and pest control operators in Iran.
Evaluation of anti- effects of lipid nanoparticles carrying tea tree oil on tachyzoites in Vero cells.
Khonakdari FA, Mirjalali H, Hosseini F … +4 more , Rahimi HM, Pazoki H, Hesari Z, Nemati S
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901425 · Full text
is a protozoan parasite that infects more than a third of the world's population. The drugs used today to treat toxoplasmosis cause severe side effects in many people and have poor success in treating chronic infections....
is a protozoan parasite that infects more than a third of the world's population. The drugs used today to treat toxoplasmosis cause severe side effects in many people and have poor success in treating chronic infections. In the current study, oil extracted from tea leaf was loaded into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and its anti- properties were analyzed. The double emulsification technique was employed to provide SLNs and their physical characteristics were assessed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Cell toxicity and anti-intracellular activity were investigated using a MTT assay. The anti- activity of Tea tree oil (TTO)-SLNs was evaluated through trypan-blue staining. The TTO-SLNs were round with a mean particle size of 85.23 nm and clear and stable margins. An association was observed between the cell toxicity of TTO-SLNs with the concentration of the component (-value = 0.009). The cytotoxic concentration (CC) against was > 10 mg/mL, while it was concentration-dependent (-value < 0.0001). the viability of - infected Vero cells were higher in lower concentrations of TTO-SLNs (-value = 0.0174), while at least 80% of infected Vero cells remaining alive at concentrations greater than >1 mg/mL. Overall, our findings demonstrated high anti- properties of TTO-SLNs, suggesting a promising role of SLNs in carrying TTO. In addition, our findings showed prolonged release of the TTO from SLNs capsulation of the can lead to, suggesting the potential of TTO-SLNs for applications in the chronic phase (cyst stages), which should be further investigated in animal models.
Bioactive profiling, larvicidal and pupicidal activities of against two developmental stages of malaria vector, .
Ileke KD, Babatunde NA, Akeju AV
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901424 · Full text
Mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose significant public health challenges globally. Synthetic insecticides, raise concerns regarding their environmental impact and human health risks. This study evaluates the effecti...
Mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose significant public health challenges globally. Synthetic insecticides, raise concerns regarding their environmental impact and human health risks. This study evaluates the effectiveness of crude extracts against malaria vector . The leaf, stem and root were extracted with ethanol, GC-MS analysis was done and a concentration of 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% was used for the bioassay. Mortality data was recoded, and the lethal concentrations were estimated. Bioactive profiling of the crude extracts revealed the presence of hexadecanoic acid, 1-(2-cyclohexyliminocyclopentyl) ethanone, heptadecanoic acid, N-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl) tetradec-2-ynamide and octadecanoic acid for leaf extract. Presence of tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, 5-methoxyquinoline-6-carbonitrile, 1-methoxy-3-methylsulfanylbenzene, and Octadecanoic acid was revealed for bark extracts. Additionally, presence of (E)-octadec-6-enoic acid, diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) silicate, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5-sulfanylidene-1,2,4-triazolidin-3-one and 3-(furan-2-yl)-4-prop-2-enyl-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione was revealed for bark extracts. Larvicidal activity recorded 100% larval mortality at 15% and 20% concentrations within 12, 18, and 24 h for the root extracts. 20% concentration of the leaf extract recorded 100% mortality in 6 h. The root extract recorded the lowest lethal concentration against the larvae at 0.04% and 8.07% for LC and LC respectively at 24 h. Similarly, complete mortality was observed in the leaf and bark extract at 20% concentration in 6 h with the lowest LC and LC being 1.78 and 14.75 respectively. Ethanolic extract of plant exhibited strong insecticidal activities against malaria vector. Use of plant product as plant-based mosquito control agent will help in reducing the eco-toxic effects of synthetic chemicals.
Morphological and morphometric variations in infecting Ovines from Kashmir valley, India.
Naaz F, Tak H, Ganai SA … +1 more , Wani MS
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901423 · Full text
Parasitic nematodes pose a significant threat to global livestock production, with emerging as a particularly devastating pathogen in small ruminants. Despite widespread use of anthelmintics, continues to evade control...
Parasitic nematodes pose a significant threat to global livestock production, with emerging as a particularly devastating pathogen in small ruminants. Despite widespread use of anthelmintics, continues to evade control measures by developing anthelmintic resistance and adapting to diverse environments. Here, we investigate morphological and morphometric characteristics and the associated variations in recently reported anthelmintic resistant population of in sheep from Kashmir valley, a region where small ruminant production faces persistent challenges from this parasite. Examination of 38 Corriedale sheep revealed a prevalence of 47.4%, yielding 864 specimens. Morphometric analysis confirmed all the specimens as , with some notable intraspecific variations including larger female body length, male body width, and male esophageal length, as well as more posteriorly positioned cervical papillae in both sexes. Female specimens exhibited three distinct types of vulvar flaps: linguiform (69.09%), knobbed (24.55%), and smooth (6.36%). These findings provide critical insights into the adaptive changes occurring in , potentially reflecting evolutionary changes related to anthelmintic resistance, immune evasion, and local selective pressures which can help in developing targeted control strategies and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of this economically significant nematode.
seroprevalence and associated factors among pregnant women attending their first antennal care visit in rural Burkina Faso.
Tahita MC, Kaboré B, Ilboudo H … +9 more , Zoma N, Sougue HM, Kazienga A, Ouedraogo EN, Nana B, Sanon EDG, Sinner R, Tinto H, Hübschen JM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901422 · Full text
, responsible for toxoplasmosis, is one of the worldwide prevalent parasitic zoonoses infecting warm-blooded animals including humans with cats being the definitive host. Congenital transmission can occur and leads to co...
, responsible for toxoplasmosis, is one of the worldwide prevalent parasitic zoonoses infecting warm-blooded animals including humans with cats being the definitive host. Congenital transmission can occur and leads to congenital toxoplasmosis, which may result in foetal or neonatal death, or severe malformations. In this study, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated factors among pregnant women in a rural setting of Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2020 to March 2021 in the Nanoro health district area. Women attending antenatal care for the first time at the selected health centers were enrolled in the study. For each participant, socio-demographic and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire. In addition, venous blood was drawn for the detection and avidity determination of IgG antibodies to by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. Out of 416 participants, 37.3% were positive for specific anti- IgG antibodies and only two of 149 women with interpretable results (1.3%) had low avidity IgG antibodies suggestive of recent primary infection. Younger age (16-18 years) was significantly associated with seronegativity (OR = 0.48, 95% CI:0.27-0.86, = 0.013), while multipara (OR = 2.20, 95% CI:1.37-3.76, p value = 0.001) and multigravida (OR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.37-3.76, = 0.001) were significantly more likely seropositive. The multivariate logistic regression showed that being at the third trimester of pregnancy (OR = 4.17, 95% CI:1.68-10.36, = 0.002) and being often in contact with a cat (OR = 1.72, 95% CI:1.03-2.37, = 0.035) were significantly associated with seropositivity. Our findings suggest that is widespread in the area, resulting in a high exposure risk of pregnant women and we indeed found two women with evidence of recent exposure. To avoid the potentially serious consequences to the foetus, there is an urgent need for systematic screening during antenatal care visits and awareness campaigns.
Anti-onchocerca activity, toxicity and induced biochemical changes of and stem bark methanolic extracts in mice.
Fotso FE, Tih AE, Sama W … +1 more , Ngemenya MN
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901421 · Full text
Human onchocerciasis has devastating pathological effects and the control relies on community directed treatment with ivermectin. However, ivermectin is only microfilaricidal and threatened by potential resistance in the...
Human onchocerciasis has devastating pathological effects and the control relies on community directed treatment with ivermectin. However, ivermectin is only microfilaricidal and threatened by potential resistance in the parasite among other limitations. and , with reported antiparasitic activity, were tested for anti-onchocerca activity and toxicity. The activity of methanol extracts of the stem barks were determined on adult male worms and microfilariae by motility reduction and adult female worms using MTT/Formazan assay. Cytotoxicity of extracts was assessed on monkey kidney epithelial cells, LLCMK2. Acute toxicity was investigated in mice and biochemical changes in the liver and kidney were assessed. High and moderate activities were recorded for and extracts with IC values of 4.37 and 37.4 µg/mL respectively. Both extracts were not cytotoxic (CC > 130 µg/mL), and no significant changes ( > 0.05), were recorded for the liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and the kidney function parameters (creatinine and urea). This study has revealed that and possess high and moderate anti-onchocerca activities respectively with a low risk of toxicity, hence could be exploited in traditional medicine as an alternative treatment for onchocerciasis. Both plants are potential sources of efficacious anti-onchocerca natural products which should be isolated and also studied.
The ileal crypt ultrastructural changes accompanying cryptosporidiosis in type 1 diabetic mouse model versus dexamethasone-immunocompromised mouse model.
Fahmy MA, Abdel-Aal AA, Hassan SI … +2 more , Shalaby MA, Esmat M
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901420 · Full text
Cryptosporidiosis is an enteric infection caused by The severity of the disease depends mainly on the immune status of the host. The infection is self-limited in immunocompetent individuals but in immunocompromised pati...
Cryptosporidiosis is an enteric infection caused by The severity of the disease depends mainly on the immune status of the host. The infection is self-limited in immunocompetent individuals but in immunocompromised patients, it can be severe and threatening. To provide new insights into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the infection and the impact of immune modulation on the course of the disease, we used 4 groups of Swiss-Albino mice; dexamethasone (DEX) group, the diabetic group, the DEX-infected group, and the diabetic-infected group. The blood glucose levels, oocyst shedding, mortality rates, and ultrastructural changes among study groups were observed and documented. The diabetic groups showed hyperglycemia while the DEX-infected group showed significantly higher oocyst shedding rates compared to the diabetic-infected group ( > 0.005). At the end of the experiment, the DEX groups showed higher mortality rates. Regarding the ultrastructural ileal crypt changes recorded in all groups, the DEX-infected group showed the severest changes with significantly lower numbers of Paneth cells, depletion of Paneth cell granules, and increased number of apoptotic crypt bodies significantly ( > 0.005) compared to the diabetic-infected group. On the contrary, the diabetic-infected group showed a significant expansion of Paneth cells with an increased number of granules and a significantly decreased number of apoptotic crypt bodies ( > 0.005). However, both models failed to control the infection properly highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of suspected immunocompromised cases.
Gastric equine myiasis: prevalence, pathogenesis, molecular and serological implications.
Attia MM, Omar HM
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901419 · Full text
This study aimed to collect data on the most common parasites of the family equidae which is spp. During this study we focused on the prevalence rate in the world; the distribution of the six known species: life cycle a...
This study aimed to collect data on the most common parasites of the family equidae which is spp. During this study we focused on the prevalence rate in the world; the distribution of the six known species: life cycle and the pathogenesis of the larvae inside the hosts were investigated around the world. Molecular as well as serological diagnoses were analyzed. Possible treatment strategies which were fully studied; are also, included. () and larvae are the main present larvae in equine; other species, such as , , and may be present. Although the female flies' egg-laying behavior can annoy horses and cause them to behave abnormally to escape the flies, clinical indications in equine are obtained from the presence and lesions generated by the larvae in the host's digestive tract. Oral, gingival, or lingual irritation, inflammation, or necrosis that can cause feeding difficulties, dysphagia, and, as a result, weight loss and impaired physical condition (particularly in young animals), as well as digestive disorders brought on by L2 and L3 larvae attached to the stomach or intestinal wall (inflammation of the gastric and intestinal mucosa, ulcers, gastric rupture, intramural gastric suppuration, gastroduodenal perforation and gastroeophageal reflux, peritonitis, and death).
Phytotherapeutic efficacy of for acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA).
Jebaseelan J, Venkatesan AA, Manivannan R K … +8 more , Kumar V, Sugumar V, S AM, S M, A S SH, Jamespandi A, Natesan S, Balakrishnan AS
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901418 · Full text
This study extensively evaluated the therapeutic potential of in treating filariasis-induced secondary lymphedema, with a specific focus on validating its efficacy as a dermal application for acute dermatolymphangioaden...
This study extensively evaluated the therapeutic potential of in treating filariasis-induced secondary lymphedema, with a specific focus on validating its efficacy as a dermal application for acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA). The research investigated the effects of leaf extract, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Mp-AgNPs), and the primary alkaloid Mitraphylline through various assays. Silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from leaves, confirmed by observable color changes and UV-Vis spectroscopy, highlighting their potential as enhanced wound dressing components. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups indicative of biochemical activities in Mp-AgNPs, while DLS and SEM studies elucidated their size and morphology characteristics, essential for understanding their application in therapeutic settings. Biocompatibility assessments demonstrated that all tested samples exhibited minimal hemolytic activity, supporting their suitability for further studies. Antioxidant assays showed significant radical scavenging activity in extracts and Mp-AgNPs, surpassing that of Mitraphylline and demonstrating potential therapeutic benefits. The leaf extract and its silver nanoparticles exhibited effective macrofilaricidal activity, with the nanoparticles showing enhanced inhibition at higher concentrations. Cytotoxicity evaluations on a Tilapia gill (TG) cell line revealed dose-dependent effects, suggesting Mp-AgNPs and the leaf extract's higher toxicity thresholds compared to purified Mitraphylline. Furthermore, wound healing assays indicated comparable efficacy among derivatives in promoting wound closure, emphasizing their potential in managing lymphedema-related infections. Overall, this comprehensive evaluation underscores the therapeutic promise of and its derivatives, particularly Mp-AgNPs, as effective topical treatments for secondary infections in lymphedema. The integration of nanoparticles in treatment strategies offers a novel approach to mitigate antimicrobial resistance, marking a significant advancement in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
Overview of the host immune response to malaria.
Antwi-Baffour S, Mensah BT, Annison L
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901417 · Full text
The host immune response to malaria is a complex interplay between the parasite, Plasmodium, and the human immune system. Upon infection, various components of the immune system, including innate and adaptive responses,...
The host immune response to malaria is a complex interplay between the parasite, Plasmodium, and the human immune system. Upon infection, various components of the immune system, including innate and adaptive responses, are mobilized to combat the parasite. Innate immunity provides the initial defense, with cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells recognizing and responding to the parasite. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines are released to coordinate the immune response. The adaptive immune response, primarily involving T and B lymphocytes, plays a crucial role in controlling and eliminating the parasite. T cells recognize and destroy infected cells, while B cells produce antibodies that target specific antigens on the parasite's surface. These antibodies can neutralize the parasite, block its invasion of host cells, and facilitate its clearance by phagocytes. However, the development of protective immunity against malaria is complex and influenced by various factors, including parasite diversity, host genetics, and prior exposure to the parasite. While some individuals develop partial immunity over time, others remain susceptible to severe disease. Understanding the intricacies of the host immune response to malaria is essential for the development of effective vaccines and therapies to combat this global health burden.
The first report on the occurrence of an actinosporean stage (Myxozoa) in oligochaetes in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal.
Batueva MD, Abasheev RY
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901416 · Full text
At the end of June 2019, out of 1000 oligochaetes, consisting of several species, collected in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal at a depth of 1 m, 1 specimen of the oligochaete (0.1%) was infected with actinospores of Tr...
At the end of June 2019, out of 1000 oligochaetes, consisting of several species, collected in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal at a depth of 1 m, 1 specimen of the oligochaete (0.1%) was infected with actinospores of Triactinomyxon type MNV. Actinospores developed in the intestinal epithelium of the oligochaete. Hypertrophy and death of infected epithelial cells were observed. The nucleotide sequence of the 18 S rDNA gene region with a length of 1064 bp was deposited in the Genbank database under the number PP575756. Sequence comparison in the Blast program revealed that Triactinomyxon type MNV is 97.51% similar to and 91% similar to Triactinomyxon type "changzou". Phylogenetically, Triactinomyxon type MNV clusters with species that infect cyprinids.
Morphological and molecular identification of (Digenea: Opecoelidae) isolated from (Perciformes: Scorpaenidae) in the Red Sea, Egypt.
Elhussien OFA, Hussein NM, Rabie SAH … +1 more , Abuelwafa WA
J Parasit Dis · 2025 Sep · PMID 40901415 · Full text
Fifteen specimens of the devil firefish, (Bennett) (Perciformes: Scorpaenidae), were collected from the Red Sea off Safaga, Egypt, between November 2022 and April 2024, and examined for parasitic infections. Parasitolog...
Fifteen specimens of the devil firefish, (Bennett) (Perciformes: Scorpaenidae), were collected from the Red Sea off Safaga, Egypt, between November 2022 and April 2024, and examined for parasitic infections. Parasitological analyses included light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, alongside partial sequencing of the 28 S rDNA gene for molecular characterization. A single digenean species was found in the intestine of 12 out of 15 (80%) specimens, identified as (Nagaty & Abdel Aal, 1962) Durio & Manter 1968 (Opecoelidae: Hamacreadiinae). Light microscopy revealed an elongated, fusiform body with key features such as a spherical oral sucker, larger ventral sucker, oblique testes, lobed ovary, and lateral vitellarium. SEM provided further details, showing intricate muscle structures in the ventral sucker. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the placement of the parasite within the genus . This study reports a southward range extension of within the Red Sea and provides clarification and confirmation of its host as . , which was likely misidentified as . in the original description. Furthermore, it provides new insights through SEM imaging and DNA sequence data for the species.
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