International Journal Of Breast Cancer[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
The Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Women towards Breast Cancer Screening.
Rakhshani T, Dada M, Kashfi SM … +2 more , Kamyab A, Jeihooni AK
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35663837 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Early identification of breast cancer may result in earlier treatment and a lower mortality rate. This fact has resulted in the development of screening programs to detect breast cancer in its early stages; t...
BACKGROUND: Early identification of breast cancer may result in earlier treatment and a lower mortality rate. This fact has resulted in the development of screening programs to detect breast cancer in its early stages; thus, the current study sought to investigate the influence of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice about breast cancer screening in Izeh, Khozestan Province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experiment was carried out on the women of Izeh city in 2019. This study included 120 women who were randomized into the experimental and control groups at random (60 in the experimental and 60 in the control groups). Before and two months after the intervention, data were collected using a researcher-created questionnaire by the control and education groups. The intervention program for the intervention group included eight educational sessions over the course of two months. The SPSS 20 statistical program was used to examine the data, as well as the paired -test, independent -test, and Chi-square. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups' mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice prior to the educational intervention, but a significant difference was observed after the intervention, with the experimental group obtaining significantly higher mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice ( = 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the present study, the educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards breast cancer screening led to the increased scores of the experimental group compared to control group.
Evolution of Frozen Section in Carcinoma Breast: Systematic Review.
Rana MK, Rana APS, Sharma U … +2 more , Barwal TS, Jain A
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35655582 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The frozen section (FS) has been a good technique in surgical management of breast lesions since many years. But complete agreement and cooperation have not been achieved everywhere among surgeons and patholo...
BACKGROUND: The frozen section (FS) has been a good technique in surgical management of breast lesions since many years. But complete agreement and cooperation have not been achieved everywhere among surgeons and pathologists especially in the developing countries. FS undergoes continuous criticism due to various shortcomings but continued to be evaluated especially in developing countries. OBJECTIVES: This review was conducted to synthesize information on the use of frozen section in carcinoma breast. . The MEDLINE database for frozen section since its origin and its implication in recent breast surgery techniques was studied. . Sixty-five articles were reviewed with complete analysis on FS in both benign and malignant breast lesions. . The analysis of frozen section was done as a diagnostic tool in breast lesions, margin status in breast conservative surgery in carcinoma breast, and sentinel lymph node and use of immunohistochemistry for sentinel lymph node FS. RESULTS: It was analysed that the FS gives accurate results in margin status analysis, decreasing rerecurrence. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of FSA, low recurrence rate, avoidance of reoperation, and good cosmesis are the key points of its use in breast conservative surgery. Its use in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is equivocal. However, application of immunohistochemistry on frozen section of SLNB is an evolving trend in today's era.
The Patient Health Engagement Model in Cancer Management: Effect of Physical Activity, Distress Management, and Social Support Intervention to Improve the Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients.
Changizi M, Ghahremani L, Ahmadloo N … +1 more , Kaveh MH
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35535128 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Providing better care and encouraging behaviors promoting health are effective measures to manage breast cancer patients. The present research was conducted to carry out an intervention based on the PHE model...
BACKGROUND: Providing better care and encouraging behaviors promoting health are effective measures to manage breast cancer patients. The present research was conducted to carry out an intervention based on the PHE model to promote physical activity, distress management, social support, and quality of life in breast cancer patients. METHODS: This randomized control trial study was conducted on 123 women with breast cancer and their caregivers (group 1 = 61 and group 2 = 62). Subjects entered the study from the oncology ward of a specialized clinic in Shiraz, Iran. The education was done through clips, pamphlets, and lectures in 8 sessions with a duration of 15 to 25 minutes. A posttest was carried out in the both groups in 2 times (the end and 3 months) after intervention. The SPSS software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean and SD of age of group 1 were (45.77 ± 8.84) and control group 2 (45.58 ± 77.64). The fiding showed a significant difference between the mean scores of distress management, social support, physical activity, and cancer self-efficacy in group 1 vs. group 2 after intervention ( < 0.001). Also, the educational intervention improved quality of life ( = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Intervention program based on the PHE model may facilitate the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes in breast cancer patient. Thus, it appears that the PHE model might promote patients' quality of life.
The Prognostic Potential of Neurokinin 1 Receptor in Breast Cancer and Its Relationship with Ki-67 Index.
Al-Keilani MS, Elstaty R, Alqudah MA
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35419208 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of NK1R in breast cancer tissues and its relationship...
BACKGROUND: Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the expression level of NK1R in breast cancer tissues and its relationship with proliferation index as measured by Ki-67, clinicopathological characteristics of patients, and overall survival rate. METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of NK1R and Ki-67 was measured in 164 paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues of four molecular subtypes (42 HER2-enriched, 40 luminal A, 42 luminal B, and 40 triple negative). NK1R was scored semiquantitatively, while Ki-67 was obtained by the percentage of total number of tumor cells with nuclear staining. The optimal cutoff values for NK1R and Ki-67 were assessed by Cutoff Finder. Pearson's Chi-square ( ) and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the staining scores between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method with log-rank test was used for survival analysis. ANOVA and Student's -test were used to compare group means. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients were included in the study which represented females with invasive ductal carcinoma. NK1R was expressed at high levels in about 34% of investigated cases. The mean Ki-67 level was about 27% and 41.5% of sample had high Ki-67 (expression level > 22%). NK1R expression levels were associated with higher tumor grade ( = 0.021) and high Ki-67 ( = 0.012). NK1R expression negatively impacted overall survival in grade II tumors ( = 0.027). CONCLUSION: NK1R contributes to cellular proliferation and is associated with negative prognosis in breast cancer. These findings suggest the potential role of NK1R as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Association of XRCC3, XRCC4, BAX, and BCL-2 Polymorphisms with the Risk of Breast Cancer.
Ozoran E, Trabulus FDC, Erhan D … +2 more , Batar B, Guven M
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35320970 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Genetic risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence have been identified. AIMS: This study is aimed at determining the association of XRCC3 Thr24...
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Genetic risk factors associated with breast cancer incidence have been identified. AIMS: This study is aimed at determining the association of XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539), XRCC4 G(-1394) T (rs6869366) DNA repair and BAX G(-248) A (rs4645878), and BCL2 C(-938) A (rs2279115) apoptotic gene polymorphisms with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genetic analysis was performed using peripheral blood samples. Gene polymorphisms were detected by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. 175 patients and 158 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: Breast cancer risk was 5.43 times more in individuals with AA genotype of Bax G(-248) A (rs4645878) ( = 0.002). The risk of metastasis was 11 times with this genotype. It was associated with 6 times more risk of having a tumor larger than 2 cm. The risk of breast cancer was 2.77 times more in individuals carrying the Met/Met genotype of XRCC3 Thr241Met (rs861539) ( = 0.009). The risk of having advanced clinical stage (stage III+IV) with the Met/Met genotype was 4 times more increased. No relationship with breast cancer was found with XRCC4 G(-1394) T (rs6869366) and BCL2 C(-938) A (rs2279115) gene polymorphisms. CONCLUSION: Multicenter trials using subjects with genetic variations are needed to establish the relationship between breast cancer and single gene polymorphism.
Assessment of Suspected Breast Lesions in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer during Follow-Up after Breast-Conserving Surgery Using Multiparametric MRI.
Sad LMAEA, Dabees NL, Mohamed DAE … +2 more , Tageldin A, Younis SG
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35223102 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The local recurrence rate of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be as high as 12%.The standard treatment for early-stage TNBC is breast-conserving surgery (BCS), followed by postoperative radiotherapy w...
BACKGROUND: The local recurrence rate of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) can be as high as 12%.The standard treatment for early-stage TNBC is breast-conserving surgery (BCS), followed by postoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. However, detection of the local recurrence of the disease after radiotherapy is a major issue. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was at investigating the role of dynamic and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during follow-up after BCS and radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy to differentiate between locoregional recurrence and postoperative fibrosis. . This prospective study was conducted at the oncology, radiology, and pathology departments, Tanta University. It involved 50 patients with early-stage TNBC who were treated with BCS, followed by radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. The suspected lesions were evaluated during the follow-up period by sonomammography. All patients were subjected to MRI, including conventional sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic postcontrast study. RESULTS: Ten cases were confirmed as recurrent malignant lesions. After contrast administration, they all exhibited irregular T1 hypodense lesions of variable morphology with diffusion restriction and positive enhancement. Eight cases displayed a type III curve, while two showed a type II curve. Histopathological assessment was consistent with the MRI findings in all eight cases. The combination of the data produced by DWI-MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI resulted in 100%sensitivity, 92.5% specificity, 90.9% positive predictive value, 100% negative predictive value, and 98% accuracy. CONCLUSION: Combination of DWI-MRI and DCE-MRI could have high diagnostic value for evaluating postoperative changes in patients with TNBC after BCS, followed by radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy. . No trial to be registered.
Pharmacological Properties to Pharmacological Insight of Sesamin in Breast Cancer Treatment: A Literature-Based Review Study.
Sohel M, Islam MN, Hossain MA … +6 more , Sultana T, Dutta A, Rahman MS, Aktar S, Islam K, Al Mamun A
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35223101 · Full text
The use of dietary phytochemical rather than conventional therapies to treat numerous cancers is now a well-known approach in medical science. Easily available and less toxic dietary phytochemicals present in plants shou...
The use of dietary phytochemical rather than conventional therapies to treat numerous cancers is now a well-known approach in medical science. Easily available and less toxic dietary phytochemicals present in plants should be introduced in the list of phytochemical-based treatment areas. Sesamin, a natural phytochemical, may be a promising chemopreventive agent aiming to manage breast cancer. In this study, we discussed the pharmacological properties of sesamin that determine its therapeutics opportunity to be used in breast cancer treatment and other diseases. Sesamin is available in medicinal plants, especially in , and is easily metabolized by the liver. To better understand the antibreast cancer consequence of sesamin, we postulate some putative pathways related to the antibreast cancer mechanism: (1) regulation of estrogen receptor (ER- and ER-) activities, (2) suppressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) overexpression, (3) growth factor receptor inhibition, and (4) some tyrosine kinase pathways. Targeting these pathways, sesamin can modulate cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell growth and viability, metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and oncogene inactivation in various and animal models. Although the actual tumor intrinsic signaling mechanism targeted by sesamin in cancer treatment is still unknown, this review summarized that this phytoestrogen suppressed NF-B, STAT, MAPK, and PIK/AKT signaling pathways and activated some tumor suppressor protein in numerous breast cancer models. Cotreatment with -tocotrienol, conventional drugs, and several drug carriers systems increased the anticancer potentiality of sesamin. Furthermore, sesamin exhibited promising pharmacokinetics properties with less toxicity in the bodies. Overall, the shreds of evidence highlight that sesamin can be a potent candidate to design drugs against breast cancer. So, like other phytochemicals, sesamin can be consumed for better therapeutic advantages due to having the ability to target a plethora of molecular pathways until clinically trialed standard drugs are not available in pharma markets.
Clinical Significance of Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Ki67 Expression as a Predictive Value for Pathological Complete Response following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Lebanon.
Atoui A, Bou Zerdan M, El Mahmoud A … +3 more , Chamseddine N, Hamad L, Assi HI
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35190777 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is considered nowadays the most prevalent cancer worldwide. The molecular era has successfully divided breast cancer into subtypes based on the various hormonal receptors. These molecular subt...
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is considered nowadays the most prevalent cancer worldwide. The molecular era has successfully divided breast cancer into subtypes based on the various hormonal receptors. These molecular subtypes play a major role in determining the neoadjuvant chemotherapy to be administered. It was noted that the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with higher achievement of pathological complete response. The aim of the study was to determine the predictive role of breast cancer subtypes in the efficacy and prognosis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. METHODS: Combining dose dense anthracycline-based, regular dose anthracycline-based, and nonanthracycline-based chemotherapy, we observed data from 87 patients with breast cancer who received surgery after administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution between January 2015 and July 2018. The patients were classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2 overexpression, and triple negative breast cancer as well as low Ki67 (≤14%) and high Ki67 (>14%) expression groups using immunohistochemistry. Pathologic complete response was the only neoadjuvant chemotherapy outcome parameter. To evaluate variables associated with pathologic complete response, we used univariate analyses followed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: 87 patients with breast cancer were classified into different subtypes according to the 12 St. Gallen International Breast Cancer Conference. The response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly different ( = 0.046) between the subgroups. There were significant correlations between pathological complete response (pCR) and ER status ( < 0.0001), HER2 ( = 0.013), molecular subtypes ( = 0.018), T stage ( = 0.024), N stage before chemotherapy ( = 0.04), and type of chemotherapy ( = 0.029). Luminal B type patients had the lowest pCR, followed by luminal A type patients. CONCLUSION: Evaluating molecular subtype's significance in breast cancer prognosis warrants additional studies in our region with extensive data about patient-specific neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Our study was able to reproduce results complementary to those present in the literature in other outcomes.
Prognostic Implications of MALAT1 and BACH1 Expression and Their Correlation with CTCs and Mo-MDSCs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Surgical Management Options.
Elbasateeny SS, Yassin MA, Mokhtar MM … +5 more , Ismail AM, Ebian HF, Hussein S, Shazly SA, Abdelwabab MM
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35096427 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically separate entity of breast cancer that cannot get benefits from targeted or endocrine therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of MALAT1 and BACH1, as...
BACKGROUND: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a biologically separate entity of breast cancer that cannot get benefits from targeted or endocrine therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression of MALAT1 and BACH1, as well as monocyte-myeloid-derived suppressor cell (Mo-MDSC) levels and circulating tumor cell (CTC) count in TNBC to correlate these markers with the clinic-pathological criteria of TNCB patients and to evaluate their roles as predictive markers for selection of the patients that can be operated by oncoplastic conserving breast surgery. METHODS: Eighty-eight TNBC were managed by modified doughnut breast oncoplastic surgery in early stages and by modified radical mastectomy for patients with late stages unsuitable for breast-conserving. All were examined for MALAT1 and BACH1 expression by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR as well as Mo-MDSC levels and CTCs. RESULTS: MALAT1 and BACH1 expressions are correlated with the larger size, lymph node, distance metastasis, and TNM staging ( < 0.05). CTCs ≥ 5 and high MO-MDSCs were significantly more in TNBC with MALAT1 and BACH1 overexpression. The survival study proved that DFS for patients with both positive expression of MALAT1 and BACH1 was shorter than that of one positive expression, and both negative expression ≤ 0.001, CTCs ≥ 5, and high Mo-MDSCs are associated with poor outcomes. No significant difference between modified round block and modified radical mastectomy techniques as regards recurrence. However, all postoperative management outcomes were significantly better in patients operated by oncoplastic conserving breast surgery. CONCLUSION: BACH1 and MALAT1 expressions are significantly upregulated in TNBC. They are correlated with CTCs and Mo-MDCs, and all are associated with poor outcomes. Not all TNBC patients have a bad prognosis, patients negative for one of MALAT1 and BACH1 or both, have a slightly good prognosis, and so can be managed by breast oncoplastic conserving surgery.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) toward Cervical Cancer Screening among Adama Science and Technology University Female Students, Ethiopia.
Tadesse A, Tafa Segni M, Demissie HF
Int J Breast Cancer · 2022 · PMID 35070454 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a complication of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Eighty percent of the cases occur in low-resource countries. According to the 200...
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a complication of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Eighty percent of the cases occur in low-resource countries. According to the 2009 World Health Organization report, the age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer in Ethiopia was 35.9 per 100,000 patients with 7619 annual number of new cases and 60-81 deaths every year. The study is aimed at assessing the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning cervical cancer among female students at Adama Science and Technology University. . An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 667Adama Science and Technology University female students. A simple random sampling method was used to select the respondents. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. RESULTS: About 404 (60.6%) of the participants heard about cervical cancer, 478 (71.7%) had positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening, and only 15 (2.2%) participants were screened for cervical cancer. Lack of information about cervical cancer was the most reported reason for not attending to cervical cancer screening. . The study showed that there was low knowledge on cervical cancer and screening for premalignant lesion among women. There is a need to promote and encourage women to early cervical cancer screening at precancerous stage by informing their susceptibility to cervical cancer.
Indeterminate (B3) Breast Lesions and the Ongoing Role of Diagnostic Open Biopsy.
Tan E, Arachchi A, Cheng M … +1 more , Lockie D
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34987869 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Due to their uncertain malignant potential, indeterminate breast lesions on core needle biopsy (CNB) require diagnostic open biopsy (DOB). This study evaluated DOB results given largely benign pathology. Le...
INTRODUCTION: Due to their uncertain malignant potential, indeterminate breast lesions on core needle biopsy (CNB) require diagnostic open biopsy (DOB). This study evaluated DOB results given largely benign pathology. Lesions included are atypical papilloma, atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions (RS/CSL). . A retrospective audit from 2010 to 2017 analysed patients with a screen-detected suspicious lesion and indeterminate (B3) CNB diagnosis. Primary outcome was the malignancy upgrade rate, with secondary evaluation of patient factors predictive of malignancy including age, symptoms, mammogram characteristics, lesion size, biopsy method, and past and family history. RESULTS: 152 patients (median age 57 years) were included, with atypical papillomas being the largest subgroup (44.7%). On DOB histology, 99.34% were benign, resulting in a 0.66% malignancy upgrade rate. Patient characteristic analysis identified 86.84% of B3 lesions were in patients greater than 50 years old. 90.13% were asymptomatic, whilst 98.68% and 72.37% had a negative past and family history. Majority 46.71% of lesions had the mammogram characteristic of being a mass. However, with 57.89% of the lesion imaging size less than 4 mm, a corresponding 60.5% of core needle biopsies were performed stereotactically. The small malignant subgroup limited predictive factor evaluation. CONCLUSION: Albeit a low 0.66% malignancy upgrade rate in B3 lesions, no statistically significant patient predictive factors were identified. Until predictive factors and further assessment of vacuum-assisted excision (VAE) techniques evolve, DOB remains the standard of care.
Survival Outcomes among Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2- (HER2-) Positive Breast Cancer Patients at Kenyatta National Hospital.
Tuwei G, Degu A
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34956679 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: HER2-positive breast cancer is associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality rates than other breast cancer subtypes. The advent of trastuzumab has significantly changed the natural history of HER2-pos...
INTRODUCTION: HER2-positive breast cancer is associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality rates than other breast cancer subtypes. The advent of trastuzumab has significantly changed the natural history of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, it is not an affordable treatment option in sub-Saharan African countries. Because of the expense, most patients in our setting do not receive trastuzumab for the optimal control of their disease. Additionally, there is a lack of comprehensive data about the survival outcomes of HER2-positive breast cancer patients in our setting. The present study was aimed at determining the survival outcomes among HER2-positive breast cancer patients at the Oncology Department of Kenyatta National Hospital. METHODS: A hospital-based retrospective cohort design was used to evaluate the survival outcomes among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019 at Kenyatta National Hospital. A total of 50 eligible HER2-positive breast cancer patients were included in the study. In the predesigned data abstraction tool, data were collected by reviewing the medical records of the patients. The data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 software. The mean survival time was estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.44 ± 12.218 years, with a majority (80%) of the patients being below 60 years. Most patients (64%) had advanced-stage disease. The median follow-up time for patients with curative stages of breast cancer was 41 months, while the median follow-up time for those with the advanced incurable disease was 8.5 months. The 4-year survival rate was 62.5% for those curable-stage HER2-positive breast cancer compared to 5.6% for those with metastatic disease at presentation. CONCLUSION: The 4-year survival rate for both early-stage and advanced-stage HER2-positive breast cancer in our setting is suboptimal when compared to existing outcome data from health care systems where trastuzumab is more widely available.
CD44 Variant Exon 6 Isoform Expression as a Potential Predictor of Lymph Node Metastasis in Invasive Breast Carcinoma of No Special Type.
Rustamadji P, Wiyarta E, Bethania KA
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34925920 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) is the most widespread invasive carcinoma subtype causing primarily regional metastases of the lymphatic node (LNM). The capacity of CD44 variant exon 6...
BACKGROUND: Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST) is the most widespread invasive carcinoma subtype causing primarily regional metastases of the lymphatic node (LNM). The capacity of CD44 variant exon 6 (CD44v6) expression as an LNM predictor biomarker in IBC-NST was explored. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional research with 48 paraffin blocks containing IBC-NST primary tumors that were divided into two groups by LNM. The assessment has been carried out in terms of age, tumor size, tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and CD44v6 expression. The expression of CD44v6 was analyzed on the grounds of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, while other data were taken from archives. Statistical analysis is carried out by univariate, multivariate, and AUROC. RESULTS: CD44v6 exhibits a dominant expression in IBC-NST tumor cells. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between CD44v6 and LNM status ( = 0.001). Multiple logistic regression results showed that CD44v6 expression and LVI were significantly associated with LNM with OR 10.7 (95% CI: 2.43 to 47.08) and 6.22 (95% CI: 1.4 to 27.88), respectively. CD44v6 expression was able to discriminate against LNM with AUROC 0.863 ± 0.053 (95% CI: 0.759 to 0.967) at the H-score cut-off 133.889 (75% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity). CONCLUSION: CD44v6 expression and LVI are potential predictors of LNM in IBC-NST. The H-score cut-off of the CD44v6 expression can also be used as a threshold for classification in further investigation.
Truncated WT1 Protein Isoform Expression Is Increased in MCF-7 Cells with Long-Term Estrogen Depletion.
Santiago SA, Pablo ZB, Edgar MG … +3 more , Karina CA, Mariela AR, Cristina RP
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34845427 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The gene codes for a transcription factor that presents several protein isoforms with diverse biological properties, capable of positively and negatively regulating genes involved in proliferation, different...
BACKGROUND: The gene codes for a transcription factor that presents several protein isoforms with diverse biological properties, capable of positively and negatively regulating genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. WT1 protein is overexpressed in more than 90% of breast cancer; however, its role during tumor progression is still unknown. . In this work, we analyzed the expression of WT1 isoforms in several breast cancer cells with different tumor marker statuses and an assay using MCF-7 cells cultured with long-term estrogen depletion (MCF-7 LTED cells) with the finality to mimic the process of switching from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent. Moreover, growth kinetics, sensitivity to tamoxifen, and relative expression analysis of ER and Her2/neu were performed. RESULTS: Initially, the expression of 52-54 kDa protein isoform of WT1 in the breast cancer cell line ER (+) was detected by western blot and was absent in ER (-), and the 36-38 kDa protein isoform of WT1 was detected in all cell lines analyzed. The analysis of alternative splicing by RT-PCR shows that the 17AA (+)/KTS (-) isoform of WT1 was the most frequent in the four cell lines analyzed. , the MCF-7 cells in the estrogen depletion assay show an increase in the expression of the 52-54 kDa isoform of WT1 in the first 48 hours, and this was maintained until week 13, and later, this expression was decreased, and the 36-38 kDa isoform of WT1 did not show change during the first 48 hours but from week 1 showed an increase of expression, and this remained until week 27. Growth kinetic analysis showed that MCF-7 LTED cells presented a 1.4-fold decrease in cellular proliferation compared to MCF-7 cells cultured under normal conditions. In addition, MCF-7 LTED cells showed a decrease in sensitivity to the antiproliferative effect of tamoxifen ( ≤ 0.05). Samples collected until week 57 analyzed by qRT-PCR showed an increase in the relative expression of the Her2/neu and ER. CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of protein isoforms showed differential expression of WT1 isoforms dependent on estrogen receptor. The absence of 52-54 kDa and the presence of the 36-38 kDa protein isoform of WT1 were detected in ER-negative breast cancer cell lines classified as advanced stage cells. Long-term estrogen depletion assay in MCF-7 cells increased the expression of the 36-38 kDa isoform and reduced the 52-54 kDa isoform, and these cells show an increase in the expression of tumor markers of ER and Her2/neu. MCF-7 LTED cells showed low proliferation and insensitivity to tamoxifen compared to MCF-7 cells in normal conditions. These results support the theory about the relationship of the 36-38 kDa isoform of WT1 and the absence of ER function in advanced breast cancer.
Signs of Central Hypersensitivity, Stress, and Anxiety following Treatment for Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study.
Ribeiro IL, González XG, Torres DL … +4 more , Lorca LA, Dixit S, Benavides NY, Gonzalez FO
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34707910 · Full text
BACKGROUND: With treatment for breast cancer, women treated may present significant sensory abnormalities in the upper extremity. However, there are no conclusive studies that have evaluated pressure pain thresholds (PPT...
BACKGROUND: With treatment for breast cancer, women treated may present significant sensory abnormalities in the upper extremity. However, there are no conclusive studies that have evaluated pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in the shoulder of postoperated women for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare PPT in the shoulder, stress, anxiety, depression symptoms, and quality of sleep among postoperated women for breast cancer (PO group) and asymptomatic women of shoulder pain (control group). METHODS: 40 women participated ( = 20, PO group, age: average ± standard deviation, 49.2 ± 8.3 years; body mass index (BMI): 27.5 ± 3.0 kg/cm; surgery time: 22.2 ± 34.4 months; = 20, control group, 46.9 ± 8.1 years; BMI: 26.8 ± 3.5 kg/cm). The PPT was evaluated with a digital algometer at 32 points in the shoulder region and one control point in the tibialis anterior. Stress, anxiety, and depression were evaluated with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21) and the quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed over 1.5 kgf/cm in 33 points evaluated ( < 0.01) with a small to high effect size (Cliff's delta range = 0.16; 0.92) and higher levels of anxiety and stress in the PO group (anxiety: median [first; third quartile], 5[3; 12.5]; stress: 9.7 ± 4.7 (7.8; 11.8)) in comparison with the control group (anxiety: 2.5[1; 4.8]; stress: 6.7 ± 3.31 (5.2; 8.3), ( < 0.05)). No significant differences were found between the groups in depression and sleep quality ( > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperated women for breast cancer present hyperalgesia in the shoulder anterior and posterior region, low PPT in the tibialis anterior, and higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to the control group.
Detection of High- and Low-Risk HPV DNA in Archived Breast Carcinoma Tissues from Ethiopian Women.
Gebregzabher E, Seifu D, Tigneh W … +6 more , Bokretsion Y, Bekele A, Abebe M, Lillsunde-Larsson G, Karlsson C, Karlsson MG
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34671492 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is involved in the development of cancer of the cervix, mouth and throat, anus, penis, vulva, or vagina, but it has not been much considered as a cause of breast cancer. Recently,...
BACKGROUND: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is involved in the development of cancer of the cervix, mouth and throat, anus, penis, vulva, or vagina, but it has not been much considered as a cause of breast cancer. Recently, a number of investigations have linked breast cancer to viral infections. High-risk HPV types, predominantly HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59, are established as carcinogens in humans. In this study we aimed to detect 19 high-risk and 9 low-risk HPVs from archived breast tumor tissue among Ethiopian women. METHODS: In this study, 75 breast cancer patients from Tikur Anbassa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) were included. HPV detection and genotyping were done using the novel Anyplex™ II HPV28 Detection Assay at the Orebro University Hospital, Sweden. The Anyplex™ II PCR System detects 19 high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, and 82) and 9 low-risk HPV types (6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 61, and 70). IHC for p16 was done using an automated system, the Dako Autostainer Link. RESULTS: Out of the 75 valid tests, two were found to be positive (2.7%) for HPV. One of the cases was positive for the high-risk HPV16 genotype while the other was positive both for the high-risk HPV39 and the low-risk HPV6. The cell cycle protein p16 was highly expressed in the case positive for the high-risk HPV16, but it was not expressed in the case positive for HPV39. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HPV is low in Ethiopian breast cancer patients, but the role played by HPV in breast carcinogenesis among Ethiopian breast cancer patients cannot be commented based on these observations.
Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Associations with Molecular Subtypes: A Case-Control Study.
Ntirenganya F, Twagirumukiza JD, Bucyibaruta G … +2 more , Rugwizangoga B, Rulisa S
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34659834 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and the leading cause of women's cancer-related deaths and morbidity worldwide. In Rwanda, BC incidence is increasing with an unacceptably high mortali...
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer in women and the leading cause of women's cancer-related deaths and morbidity worldwide. In Rwanda, BC incidence is increasing with an unacceptably high mortality rate in premenopausal women. OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to identify modifiable BC risk factors and assess associations between common breast cancer risks factors and molecular subtypes in premenopausal women in Rwanda. METHODS: This was a case-control study. Premenopausal women with histological confirmation of BC and frequency-matched for age controls were recruited. A preestablished questionnaire was administered to both cases and controls for sociodemographics, BC probable risk factors, and clinical and pathological characteristics. BC was classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2-type, basal-like (triple negative), and unclassified molecular subtypes by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 340 participants were recruited into the study (170 cases 170 controls). The median age was 39 years. The majority of cases presented at advanced stages of the disease (51.2% in stages III and IV) and had invasive ductal carcinoma (98.2%). 60.6% had subtypes of poor prognosis (HER2 enriched 14.7%, triple negative 12.9%, and unclassified 32.9%). Alcohol intake (AOR = 3.73, 95% 2.19 - 6.32, < 0.001), obesity/overweight in adolescence or early adulthood (AOR = 10.86, 95% 4.82 - 24.4, < 0.001), history of primary infertility (AOR = 33.8, 95% 3.5 - 321.5, = 0.002), nulliparity (AOR = 3.75, 95% 1.61 - 8.75, = 0.002), and a history of benign breast disease (AOR = 6.06, 95% 1.19 - 30.73, = 0.03) were associated with the occurrence of premenopausal breast cancer. There was no significant difference between risk factor stratification per molecular subtype. CONCLUSION: Several reproductive, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors have been identified to be associated with premenopausal BC. Among them, alcohol intake and obesity/overweight during adolescence/early adulthood can be modified. Interventions targeting alcohol consumption and obesity/overweight in adolescents and young adults may decrease the incidence of premenopausal breast cancer.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening Methods among Female Community Pharmacists in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Ayoub NM, Al-Taani GM, Almomani BA … +4 more , Tahaineh L, Nuseir K, Othman A, Mensah KB
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34631169 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Our study is aimed at exploring the knowledge and personal practice of breast cancer screening among female community pharmacists in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a nonrandom...
OBJECTIVES: Our study is aimed at exploring the knowledge and personal practice of breast cancer screening among female community pharmacists in Jordan. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a nonrandom sample selection method for pharmacists in community pharmacies. RESULTS: A total of 551 female pharmacists completed the questionnaire. The mean age of pharmacists was 29.1 ± 7.3 years (range 21-67), and most have bachelor degrees in pharmacy (89.1%). The mean score of knowledge of breast cancer signs and symptoms was 4.2 ± 1.5 out of 6 points (range 0-6). The mean score of knowledge of risk factors was 7.6 ± 1.9 out of 12 points (ranging from 2-12). The mean score for knowledge of screening guidelines was 2.8 ± 0.9 out of 4 points (range 0-4). Overall, 452 pharmacists (85.8%) had acceptable knowledge while 75 pharmacists (14.2%) had poor knowledge of breast cancer. Pharmacists surveyed were aware of the different screening methods of breast cancer. The percentage of pharmacists who has performed breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography was 46.6%, 16.5%, and 5.4%, respectively. The most common reason for the lack of BSE and CBE performance was the absence of breast symptoms. Not being at the age recommended for mammography was the most common reason for not undergoing this screening method. Knowledge and practice of screening methods were influenced by age, years of experience, geographic region, personal history of breast cancer, and educational level among community pharmacists. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed some gaps in the knowledge of breast cancer among female community pharmacists. The practice of the different screening methods was suboptimal, and variable reasons were indicated for the low uptake of these screening methods. Community pharmacists need to practice preventive behaviors to a satisfactory level to encourage women in the community to adopt similar behavior.
Dose-Dense Docetaxel versus Weekly Paclitaxel following Dose-Dense Epirubicin and Cyclophosphamide as Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.
Khoshroo S, Sandoughdaran S, Sabetrasekh P … +7 more , Hajian P, Bikdeli P, Sabetrasekh P, Nasrollahi F, Mohammadi Yeganeh L, Naeini SJ, Mirzaei HR
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34594580 · Full text
METHODS: This study included patients from two prospective studies conducted in our institute from April 2007 to March 2009. Ninety-one women with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer who had received four cycles o...
METHODS: This study included patients from two prospective studies conducted in our institute from April 2007 to March 2009. Ninety-one women with axillary lymph node-positive breast cancer who had received four cycles of dose-dense epirubicin and cyclophosphamide were treated with either weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m) for 12 doses or biweekly docetaxel (75 mg/m) for four cycles. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 88 and 109 months, 11 (23.4%) and 10 (22.7%) patients had experienced disease recurrence ( = 0.16), while 10 (21.3%) and 5 (11.4%) patients had died in the paclitaxel and docetaxel arm, respectively ( = 0.56). No significant difference could be seen in 5-year DFS or OS among groups (HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.19-1.81, = 0.35; HR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.19-1.81, = 0.35, respectively). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, both evaluated adjuvant chemotherapy regimens have comparable effectiveness regarding DFS and OS.
The Importance of Clinical Data for the Diagnosis of Breast Tumours in North Afghanistan.
Stauch G, Fritz P, Rokai R … +9 more , Sediqi A, Firooz H, Voelker HU, Weinhara M, Mollin J, Soudah B, Dalquen P, Brinckmann F, Dippon J
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34373791 · Full text
BACKGROUND: This study was performed in knowledge of the increasing gap between breast disease treatment in countries with restricted resources and developed countries with increasingly sophisticated examination methods....
BACKGROUND: This study was performed in knowledge of the increasing gap between breast disease treatment in countries with restricted resources and developed countries with increasingly sophisticated examination methods. METHODS: The authors present the analysis of a breast disease register consisting of diagnostic cases from Mazar e Sharif and Herat in 2018 and 2019. The study comprises a total of 567 cases, which were presented to experts via telemedicine for final diagnosis. 62 cases (10.9%) were excluded due to inacceptable data or insufficient image quality. These data provided by daily diagnostic classification were used for the built-up of a profile for each frequent breast disease and a breast cancer register. All images and cases were seen by at least 3 independent experts. The diagnoses were made in 60% of cases by cytology of fine needle aspiration and in 40% by histological images. RESULTS: For each entity of breast diseases (e.g., fibroadenoma), a profile of context variables was constructed allowing to assist medical decisions, as "wait and see," elective surgery or immediate surgical intervention with R0 (complete) resection. These "profiles" could be described for fibroadenoma, mastitis, galactocele, fibrous-cystic disease, and invasive breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The presented preliminary data set could serve as a cost-effective basis for a North Afghan breast cancer registry, with option to extent to a national model. These preliminary data are transformed in profiles of breast diseases, which are used by the local physicians in charge of breast disease patients. Each new case can be compared by the local treating physician with the profile of all preceded cases with the same diagnosis.
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