International Journal Of Breast Cancer[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Awareness of Breast Cancer Screening among the Medical and General Population of the North Region of Cameroon.
Tagne Simo R, Baiguerel EM, Nwabo Kamdje AH … +4 more , Seke Etet PF, Ahmadou M, Nangue C, Telefo PB
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34354843 · Full text
Breast cancer has become a real public health problem in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas due to late diagnosis, resulting partly from the absence of national screening programs. This work is aimed at assessing brea...
Breast cancer has become a real public health problem in Cameroon, particularly in rural areas due to late diagnosis, resulting partly from the absence of national screening programs. This work is aimed at assessing breast cancer awareness in the North Region of Cameroon. Participants were selected in six health centers surrounding the rural area of Garoua, North Region, Cameroon, and administered a questionnaire aimed at assessing their awareness about breast cancer risk factors and screening. Out of the 475 women (including 37 medical personnel) interviewed, 45.5% attended at least secondary school; 91.3% were aware of the disease with the main sources of information from those around them (64.8%), media (46.5%), and health professionals in health facilities (42.7%). 23.3% had misconceptions and myth-based ideas on the origin of the disease. Ignorance was the main reason preventing the performance of breast self-examination, and the high cost prevents individuals from going for mammography. The highest awareness rate was observed in employed women with higher level of education. Our study highlights the need to raise awareness among the populations in North Region, Cameroon, about the risk factors and clinical signs of breast cancer and the importance of screening practice for early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Evaluation of the Clinical and Imaging Findings of Breast Examinations in a Tertiary Facility in Ghana.
Edzie EKM, Dzefi-Tettey K, Gorleku PN … +9 more , Amankwa AT, Aidoo E, Agyen-Mensah K, Idun EA, Quarshie F, Kpobi JM, Kusodzi H, Edzie RA, Asemah AR
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34336291 · Full text
Breast diseases have been one of the major battles the world has been fighting. In winning this fight, the role of medical imaging cannot be overlooked. Breast imaging reveals hidden lesions which aid physicians to give...
Breast diseases have been one of the major battles the world has been fighting. In winning this fight, the role of medical imaging cannot be overlooked. Breast imaging reveals hidden lesions which aid physicians to give the appropriate diagnosis and definitive treatment, hence this study, to determine the clinical and imaging findings of breast examinations to document the radiologic features in our setting. This cross-sectional retrospective study reviewed the sociodemographics, imaging reports (mammography and ultrasonography with BI-RADS scores and their features), and the clinical data of 425 patients from September 2017 to September 2020 in the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital. 72 solid lesions with their histology reports were also reviewed. Data obtained were organized, coded, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 20.0. The results obtained were presented in appropriate tables and charts. A chi-squared test was employed for associations and statistical significance was specified at ≤ 0.05. 63.29% of the patients were married, but only 18.59% had a positive family history of breast cancer. BI-RADS scores 1(57.46%) and 2(27.99%) were the most recurrent findings. The most common BI-RADS 2, 3, 4, and 5 imaging features were benign-looking axillary lymph nodes (66.33%), well-defined solid masses (61.54%), ill-defined solid masses (42.86%), and ill-defined solid masses with suspicious-looking axillary lymph nodes (100.00%), respectively. The most frequent indications were routine screening (49.18%), mastalgia (26.59%), and painless breast masses (19.77%). There was significant association between duration of symptoms and breast cancer ( value = 0.007). In conclusion, routine breast screening and mastalgia were the topmost indications for breast imaging. BI-RADS 1 and 2 were the commonest BI-RADS scores, and benign-looking axillary lymph nodes and simple cysts were the most frequent imaging features for BI-RADS 2 and ill-defined solid masses and suspicious-looking axillary lymph nodes for BI-RADS 4 and 5.
HER2 Testing Characteristics Can Predict Residual Cancer Burden following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.
Lillemoe TJ, Rendi M, Tsai ML … +7 more , Knaack M, Yarosh R, Grimm E, Susnik B, Krueger J, Olet S, Swenson KK
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 34123431 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: The response to HER2-targeted neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HER2-positive (+) breast cancer can be quantified using residual cancer burden (RCB) pathologic evaluation to predict relapse free/overall survi...
OBJECTIVES: The response to HER2-targeted neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in HER2-positive (+) breast cancer can be quantified using residual cancer burden (RCB) pathologic evaluation to predict relapse free/overall survival. However, more information is needed to characterize the relationship between patterns of HER2 testing results and response to NAC. We evaluated clinicopathologic characteristics associated with RCB categories in HER2+ patients who underwent HER2-directed NAC. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted with Stage I-III HER2+ breast cancer cases following NAC and surgical resection. HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), histologic/clinical characteristics, hormone receptor status, and RCB scores (RCB-0, RCB-I, RCB-II, and RCB-III) were evaluated. RESULTS: 64/151 (42.4%) patients with HER2+ disease had pathologic complete response (pCR). Tumors with suboptimal response (RCB-II and RCB-III) were more likely to demonstrate less than 100% HER2 IHC 3+ staining ( < 0.0001), lower HER2 FISH copies ( < 0.0001), and lower HER2/CEP17 ratios ( = 0.0015) compared to RCB-I and RCB-II responses. Estrogen receptor classification using ≥10% versus ≥1% staining showed greater association with higher RCB categories. CONCLUSIONS: HER2+ characteristics show differing response to therapy despite all being categorized as positive; tumors with less than 100% IHC 3+ staining, lower HER2 FISH copies, and lower HER2/CEP17 ratios resulted in higher RCB scores.
Sunitinib Combined with Th1 Cytokines Potentiates Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells and Suppresses Tumor Growth in a Murine Model of HER-2 Breast Cancer.
Ghimirey N, Steele C, Czerniecki BJ … +2 more , Koski GK, Showalter LE
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 33936816 · Full text
Although immune-based therapies have made remarkable inroads in cancer treatment, they usually must be combined with standard treatment modalities, including cytotoxic drugs, to achieve maximal clinical benefits. As immu...
Although immune-based therapies have made remarkable inroads in cancer treatment, they usually must be combined with standard treatment modalities, including cytotoxic drugs, to achieve maximal clinical benefits. As immunotherapies are further advanced and refined, considerable efforts will be required to identify combination therapies that will maximize clinical responses while simultaneously decreasing the unpleasant and sometimes life-threatening side effects of standard therapy. Over the last two decades, evidence has emerged that Th1 cytokines can play a central role in protective antitumor immunity and that combinations of Th1 cytokines can induce senescence and apoptosis in cancer cells. To explore the possibility of combining targeted drugs with Th1-polarizing vaccines, we undertook a study to examine the impact of combining Th1 cytokines with the relatively broad-spectrum receptor tyrosine kinase antagonist, sunitinib. We found that when a panel of five phenotypically diverse human breast cancer cell lines was subjected to treatment with sunitinib plus recombinant Th1 cytokines IFN- and TNF-, synergistic effects were observed across a number of parameters including different aspects of apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, sunitinib was found to have a profoundly suppressive effect of T cell's capacity to secrete IFN-, indicating that in vivo use of this drug may hinder robust Th1 responses. Nonetheless, this suppression was circumvented in a mouse model of HER-2 breast disease by supplying recombinant interferon-gamma to achieve a combination therapy significantly more potent than either agent.
Corrigendum to "Breast Cancer Survival and Incidence: 10 Years Cancer Registry Data in the Northwest, Iran".
Dolatkhah R, Somi MH, Jafarabadi MA … +5 more , Hosseinalifam M, Sepahi S, Belalzadeh M, Nezamdoust M, Dastgiri S
Int J Breast Cancer · 2021 · PMID 33688437 · Full text
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/1963814.].
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2020/1963814.].
Clinicopathological and Molecular Characteristics of Pleomorphic Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.
Segar JM, Pandey R, Farr KJ … +4 more , Nagle R, LeBeau L, Gonzalez VJ, Chalasani P
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 33299611 · Full text
Pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma (PILC) is a distinct morphological and biologically aggressive variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We hypothesized that was due to de novo activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathw...
Pleomorphic invasive lobular carcinoma (PILC) is a distinct morphological and biologically aggressive variant of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We hypothesized that was due to de novo activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in PILC resulting in higher proliferation rate and markers of cell cycle activation. We identified PILC and ILC tumors and tested for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation by immunohistochemistry (PTEN and pS6K1) and gene expression analysis (by Nanostring nCounter system). Proliferation index (Ki67) was elevated in 85% of PILCs compared to 20% of ILCs ( < 0.007). PTEN expression was high in all while pS6K1 was high in 8/9 PILCs compared to 3/9 ILCs ( < 0.007). Gene expression analysis shows that PILCs have overexpression of genes involved in cell cycle proliferation, cellular proliferation, DNA damage, and repair genes but no difference in PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway genes. PILCs are a biologically distinct group of ILC, and clinicopathological characteristics suggest they would have a more clinically aggressive behavior. In addition, our results indicate that PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway and cell cycle proliferation are activated in majority of these tumors. Further studies are needed to investigate these mechanisms as there are approved therapies available that may benefit PILCs.
Immunotherapeutic Approaches in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.
Oualla K, Kassem L, Nouiakh L … +4 more , Amaadour L, Benbrahim Z, Arifi S, Mellas N
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 33204535 · Full text
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It accounts for 15%-20% of all breast cance...
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). It accounts for 15%-20% of all breast cancers and is associated with an aggressive evolution and poor outcomes with the majority of recurrences and deaths occurring in the first 5 years. Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment in the absence of effective targets, but the good understanding of immune tumor microenvironment, the identification of immune-related targets, and the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in TNBC has allowed to develop promising immunotherapeutic strategies for this unique subset of breast cancer. Recently, immunotherapy is being extensively explored in TNBC and clinical trials have shown promising results. In this article, we tried to explain the rationale and mechanisms of targeting the immune system in TNBC, to report the results from recent clinical trials that put immunotherapy as a new standard of care in TNBC in addition to ongoing trials and future directions in the next decade.
Male Breast Cancer in Togo: Imaging and Clinicopathological Findings.
Darre T, Tchaou M, Djiwa T … +8 more , Simgban P, Amavi AK, N'Timon B, Amadou A, Bombonne M, Sama B, Amégbor K, Napo-Koura G
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32934847 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in men is a rare condition, often diagnosed late. The purpose of this study was to describe its epidemiological, histopathological, and radiographic aspects in Togo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This...
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in men is a rare condition, often diagnosed late. The purpose of this study was to describe its epidemiological, histopathological, and radiographic aspects in Togo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive retrospective study on cases of breast cancer in humans diagnosed histologically at the Laboratory of Anatomy Pathological and Imagery of the University Hospital in Lomé, over a period of 25 years (1995 to 2019). The parameters studied were epidemiological, anatomopathological, and imaging. RESULTS: Eighty-two (82) cases were diagnosed, an annual frequency of 3.28 cases. The mean age was 45 ± 2.5 years; the range was 27-63 years. The family history of 47 patients (57.32%) was known. Carcinomas represented the predominant histological group with predominantly nonspecific invasive carcinoma (87.5%). These cancers were diagnosed at late stages (75.71% grade II). They were mainly of luminal B profile (38.75%) and associated with mutations of the BRCA2 and BRCA1 genes in 14.63% of the cases. The lesions were classified ACR 5 in 61.5% (11/18). Two cases of breast angiosarcoma were diagnosed by the identification of CD31 markers and factor VIII in immunohistochemistry. Hormone therapy such as tamoxifen was prescribed in all luminal patients (43 patients). Radiotherapy was administered to 15 patients (18.3%), with acute toxicity in 20% of the cases. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the evolution was complete remission in 27 patients (32.93%). CONCLUSION: Breast cancer in men is rare, often diagnosed late with a poor prognosis.
A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Diagnostic Workup of PIK3CA Mutations in HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Anderson EJ, Mollon LE, Dean JL … +5 more , Warholak TL, Aizer A, Platt EA, Tang DH, Davis LE
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32637176 · Full text
PIK3CA mutation frequency varies among breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Recent evidence suggests combination therapy with the PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) alpelisib and endocrine therapy (ET) improves response rates and progressio...
PIK3CA mutation frequency varies among breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Recent evidence suggests combination therapy with the PI3K inhibitor (PI3Ki) alpelisib and endocrine therapy (ET) improves response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) in -mutant, hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC versus ET alone; thus, better understanding the clinical and epidemiologic elements of these mutations is warranted. This systematic review characterizes the mutation epidemiology, type of testing approaches (e.g., liquid or tissue tumor biopsy), and stability/concordance (e.g., consistency in results by liquid versus solid tumor sample, by the same method over time) in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced (locally unresectable) or metastatic disease (HR+/HER2- mBC) and explores performance (e.g., pairwise concordance, sensitivity, specificity, or predictive value) of respective mutation findings. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and select conference abstracts (i.e., AACR, ASCO, SABCS, ECCO, and ESMO conferences between 2014 and 2017) identified 39 studies of patients with HR+, HER2- mBC. The median prevalence of mutation was 36% (range: 13.3% to 61.5%); identified testing approaches more commonly used tissue over liquid biopsies and primarily utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or Sanger sequencing. There was concordance and stability between tissues (range: 70.4% to 94%) based on limited data. Given the clinical benefit of the PI3Ki alpelisib in patients with PIK3CA mutant HR+/HER2- mBC, determination of tumor mutation status is of importance in managing patients with HR+/HER2- mBC. Prevalence of this mutation and utility of test methodologies likely warrants mutation testing in all patients with this breast cancer subtype via definitive assessment of PIK3CA mutational status.
The Role of Establishing a Multidisciplinary Team for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in Improving Patient Outcomes and Spreading Awareness about Recent Disease Trends.
Yaghan RJ, Ayoub NM, Hamouri S … +6 more , Al-Mohtaseb A, Gharaibeh M, Yaghan L, Al-Dari M, Al-Kaff H, Al-Zoubi NA
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32411481 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Iidiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is stereotypically described as a mysterious entity that mimics breast carcinoma imposing management challenges. In 2002, we established a multidisciplinary team to tr...
BACKGROUND: Iidiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is stereotypically described as a mysterious entity that mimics breast carcinoma imposing management challenges. In 2002, we established a multidisciplinary team to treat patients with IGM. This study aimed to evaluate the role of this team in improving patient outcomes. Also, a review of literature is provided to highlight recent disease trends. . Pertinent data for 44 patients treated for IGM from 2002 to 2018 were analyzed and compared to data prior to 2002. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 37.9 years ± 6.4. The diagnosis of IGM was confirmed by True-cut biopsy (TCB), Frozen section (FS), and surgical biopsy in 70.5%, 25%, and 4.5% of patients, respectively. FS was used to assess the resection margins in three patients. Suspicion for malignancy was raised in one out of 39 ultrasound reports, and one out of 20 mammography reports. Wide local excision was the main treatment modality (95.5%). 19 patients (43.2%) received corticosteroids. Prior to 2002, IGM was only recognized after surgical resection with a 71% initial false impression of carcinoma. After 2002, the initial false clinical impression of carcinoma dropped to 29.5%. Recurrence rate was 31.82%. Younger age at diagnosis was significantly associated with recurrence ( = 5.598; = 0.018). Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between BMI and recurrence ( = 0.776; = 0.678). CONCLUSION: The establishment of a multidisciplinary team for IGM was associated with a reduced erroneous impression of breast cancer, and a reduced false positive radiological diagnosis of breast carcinoma. FS was a useful confirmatory procedure. Our series included the first case of a diffuse papular rash as a systemic manifestation of IGM. Recent literature indicates that IGM is changing its face. IGM is being reported in all age groups, and even in males. The clinical manifestations have markedly expanded. Diagnosis by TCB has replaced blind surgical excision. More data regarding predictors of recurrence is accumulating.
Breast Cancer Survival and Incidence: 10 Years Cancer Registry Data in the Northwest, Iran.
Dolatkhah R, Somi MH, Jafarabadi MA … +5 more , Hosseinalifam M, Sepahi S, Belalzadeh M, Nezamdoust M, Dastgiri S
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32411480 · Full text
METHODS: Data were obtained from East Azerbaijan cancer registry database for the 10-year period between 2007 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed to calculate the breast cancer-specific survival proportions and mor...
METHODS: Data were obtained from East Azerbaijan cancer registry database for the 10-year period between 2007 and 2016. Survival analysis was performed to calculate the breast cancer-specific survival proportions and mortality rates. Joinpoint trend analysis was performed to estimate the incidence trend of the cancer. RESULTS: A total number of 4989 patients were recorded with primary diagnosis of breast cancer. Of them, we collected follow-up data for 1335 (1309 female and 26 male). The 10-year crude mortality rate was 3.34 (per 100,000). The one-, two-, three-, five-, and ten-year breast cancer-specific survival proportions were 0.92 (95% CI 0.91-0.93), 0.88 (95% CI 0.86-0.90), 0.84 (95% CI 0.83-0.86), 0.77 (95% CI 0.74-0.80), and 0.65 (95% CI 0.60-0.70), respectively. Over the study period, the age-standardized incidence rates increased from 21.68 to 36.99 (per 100,000) with an annual percentage change of 5.5 percent. Older individuals and males patients had significantly worse survival, and patients with high-grade tumors had significantly higher risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: A relatively better survival for breast cancer in East Azerbaijan, Iran, was observed compared to the overall breast cancer-specific survival proportions and mortality rates in the country. However, it is still poor compared to the developed countries indicating that inappropriate treatment modalities might have played a role on this.
Association between Lymph Node Status and Expression Levels of Androgen Receptor, miR-185, miR-205, and miR-21 in Breast Cancer Subtypes.
Kalinina TS, Kononchuk VV, Yakovleva AK … +3 more , Alekseenok EY, Sidorov SV, Gulyaeva LF
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32373367 · Full text
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Difficulties in treating breast cancer are associated with the occurrence of metastases at early stages of disease, leading to its further progression. Rec...
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Difficulties in treating breast cancer are associated with the occurrence of metastases at early stages of disease, leading to its further progression. Recent studies have shown that changes in androgen receptor (AR) and microRNAs' expressions are associated with mammary gland carcinogenesis, in particular, with the formation of metastases. Thus, to identify novel metastatic markers, we evaluated the expression levels of AR; miR-185 and miR-205, both of which have been confirmed to target AR; and miR-21, transcription of which is regulated by AR, in breast cancer samples ( = 89). Here, we show that the molecular subtypes of breast cancer differ in the expression profiles of AR and AR-associated microRNAs. In addition, the expression of AR and these microRNAs may depend on the expression of PR, ER, and HER2 receptors. Our results show that the possibility of using AR and microRNAs as markers depends on the tumor subtype: a decrease in AR expression may be the marker for the presence of lymph node metastases in patients with HER2-positive subtypes of breast cancer, and disturbance of miR-205, miR-185, and miR-21 expressions may be the marker in patients with a luminal B HER2-positive subtype. Cases with metastases in this type of breast cancer are characterized by a higher level of miR-205 and a lower level of miR-185 and miR-21 in tumor tissues compared to nonmetastatic cases. A decrease in the miR-185 level is also associated with lymph node metastasis in luminal B HER2-negative breast cancer. Thus, the expression levels of AR, miR-185, miR-205, and miR-21 can serve as markers to predict cancer spread to the lymph node in luminal B- and HER2-positive subtypes of breast cancer.
Female Breast Cancer Patients, Mastectomy-Related Quality of Life: Experience from Ethiopia.
Abebe E, Demilie K, Lemmu B … +1 more , Abebe K
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32328310 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Mastectomy is the most common form of treatment for a developing-nation woman diagnosed with breast cancer. This can have huge effect on a women's quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess mastectomy-related qual...
BACKGROUND: Mastectomy is the most common form of treatment for a developing-nation woman diagnosed with breast cancer. This can have huge effect on a women's quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To assess mastectomy-related quality of life in female breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A facility-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from February 1 to July 30, 2018. A pretested structured data collection format was used to interview patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Breast Cancer-Specific (EORTC QLQ-BR23) were used to evaluate quality of life, functional capacity, and symptom scales. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS: The mean age of the 86 patients was 43.2 years (SD ± 11.4) and ranged from 25 to 70 years. 54.7% (47) of patient's mastectomy was done on the right side. Based on EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status/QOL scale, the mean score was 48.3. On the evaluation of EORTC QLQ-BR23, future perspective about their health was low with a mean of 40.3 and their sexual functioning and enjoyment were significantly affected with mean scores of 85.3 and 71.2, respectively. Symptom scales were low with mean from 19.1 to 24.5. Majority (49, 57%) of respondents do not want to have breast reconstruction after mastectomy. CONCLUSION: Our breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy performed poor in terms of quality of life as compared to international findings which demands attention in incorporating psychosocial aspects in the treatment plan.
Clinicopathological and Prognostic Characteristics of Malaysian Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing TAC Chemotherapy Regimen.
Abdul Aziz AA, Md Salleh MS, Ankathil R
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32308997 · Full text
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with aggressive tumour phenotype and early tumour relapse following diagnosis. Generally, clinicopathological features such as tumour size, patient's age at diagnosis, t...
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with aggressive tumour phenotype and early tumour relapse following diagnosis. Generally, clinicopathological features such as tumour size, patient's age at diagnosis, tumour histology subtypes, grade and stage, involvement of lymph nodes, and menopausal status are commonly used for predicting disease progression, prospects of recurrence, and treatment response. Prognostic value of clinicopathological features on Malaysian TNBC patients is limited. Thus, this study is aimed at investigating the association of clinicopathological features on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of Malaysian TNBC patients undergoing TAC chemotherapy. Seventy-six (76) immunohistochemistry-confirmed TNBC patients were recruited. The clinicopathological features of TNBC patients were collected and recorded. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank followed by a Cox proportional hazard regression model were performed to evaluate the TNBC patients' survival. Out of 76 TNBC patients, 25 were chemoresistant and 51 were chemoresponders to the TAC chemotherapy regimen. The overall 5-year cumulative DFS and OS of TNBC patients were 63.5% and 76.3%, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that medullary and metaplastic histology subtypes and positive axillary lymph node metastasis were significant prognostic factors associated with relapse with adjusted HR: 5.76, 95% CI: 2.35, 14.08 and adjusted HR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.44, 8.74, respectively. Moreover, TNBC patients with medullary and metaplastic histology subtypes and positive axillary lymph node metastases had a higher risk to death than patients who had infiltrating ductal carcinoma and negative axillary lymph node metastasis (adjusted HR: 8.30, 95% CI: 2.38, 28.96 and adjusted HR: 6.12, 95% CI: 1.32, 28.42, respectively). Our results demonstrate the potential use of medullary and metaplastic histology subtype and positive axillary lymph node metastasis as a potential biomarker in predicting relapse and survival of the TNBC patients. This warrants further studies on intensification of chemotherapy and also identification and development of targeted therapy to reduce relapses and improve survival of TNBC patients.
Elevated Soluble Galectin-3 as a Marker of Chemotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study.
Shafiq A, Moore J, Suleman A … +10 more , Faiz S, Farooq O, Arshad A, Tehseen M, Zafar A, Ali SH, Din NU, Loya A, Siddiqui N, Rehman FK
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32231800 · Full text
PURPOSE: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a glycan-binding lectin with a debated role in cancer progression due to its various functions and patterns of expression. The current study investigates the relationship between breast can...
PURPOSE: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a glycan-binding lectin with a debated role in cancer progression due to its various functions and patterns of expression. The current study investigates the relationship between breast cancer prognosis and secreted Gal-3. METHODS: Breast cancer patients with first time cancer diagnosis and no prior treatment ( = 88) were placed in either adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting based on their treatment modality. Stromal and plasma Gal-3 levels were measured in each patient at the time of diagnosis and then throughout treatment using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA, respectively. Healthy women (>18 years of age, = 63) were used to establish baseline levels of plasma Gal-3. Patients were followed for 84 months for disease-free survival analysis. RESULTS: Enhanced levels of plasma (adjuvant) and stromal (neoadjuvant) Gal-3 were found to be markers of chemotherapy efficacy. The patients with chemotherapy-induced increase in extracellular Gal-3 had longer disease-free interval and significantly lower rate of recurrence during 84-month follow-up compared to patients with unchanged or decreased secretion. CONCLUSION: The findings support the use of plasma Gal-3 as a marker for chemotherapy efficacy when no residual tumor is visible through imaging. Furthermore, stromal levels in any remaining tumors postchemotherapy can also be used to predict long-term prognosis in patients.
High-Dose Toremifene as a Promising Candidate Therapy for Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer with Secondary Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors.
Fushimi A, Tabei I, Fuke A … +2 more , Okamoto T, Takeyama H
Int J Breast Cancer · 2020 · PMID 32099680 · Full text
There are currently no established second- and later-line therapies for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer. We examined the efficacy of high-dose toremifene (HD-TOR)...
There are currently no established second- and later-line therapies for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer. We examined the efficacy of high-dose toremifene (HD-TOR) for this patient group and whether aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistance influences HD-TOR treatment outcome. This retrospective analysis investigated the outcomes of 19 women with postmenopausal hormone-sensitive recurrent or metastatic breast cancer who received HD-TOR, defined as 120 mg daily from 2012 to 2016. The median follow-up duration was 9.67 months. The overall response rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) were compared between various clinical subgroups, including patients exhibiting primary or secondary AI resistance as defined by the timing of recurrence or progression. Time to treatment failure (TTF) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between subgroups by the log-rank test. The overall ORR was 21.1%, and the CBR was 31.6%. CBR was significantly higher for patients without liver metastasis (50% vs. 0%, = 0.044). Nine cases exhibited primary and eight cases secondary AI resistance. Both ORR and CBR were higher in patients with secondary AI resistance (25% vs. 0%, = 0.087; 38% vs. 11%, = 0.29). The median TTF was 6.2 months in the entire AI-resistant group ( = 17) and was longer in the secondary resistance subgroup than in the primary resistance subgroup (8.40 vs. 4.87 months; log-rank: = 0.159). High-dose TOR appears to be most effective for postmenopausal breast cancer cases with secondary resistance to AIs, cases without prior AI treatment, and cases without liver metastasis. The detailed mechanisms of AI resistance and the clinical features of responsive cases need to be further clarified to identify the best candidates for HD-TOR.
Incidence of Breast Cancer in Eritrea: A Retrospective Study from 2011 to 2017.
Medhin LB, Tekle LA, Fikadu DT … +7 more , Sibhatu DB, Gebreyohans SF, Gebremichael KH, Halki TM, Said SM, Ghidei YT, Lobeck H
Int J Breast Cancer · 2019 · PMID 31355003 · Full text
In Africa, breast cancer closely compares with cervical cancer as the most common malignancy affecting women and the incidence rates appear to be rising. Eritrea is experiencing a growing breast cancer problem, but littl...
In Africa, breast cancer closely compares with cervical cancer as the most common malignancy affecting women and the incidence rates appear to be rising. Eritrea is experiencing a growing breast cancer problem, but little is presently known on tumor patterns, breast cancer epidemiology, and risk factors. The main objective of this study is to provide baseline data on breast cancer incidence in both sexes in Eritrea. This study was carried out retrospectively and quantitatively by collecting, abstracting, analyzing, coding, and interpreting data recorded in National Health Laboratory (NHL) using CanReg5 ver. 5.00.35. Extracting and classification of the tumor data was done using topography, morphology together with the ICD-10. To generate the incidence rate for the seven years the Eritrean population dataset was used from the population pyramid net for 2014. After we entered all the data from Pathology department in NHL, data was analyzed using the predetermined and developed built-in analysis tools of CanReg5 software and Microsoft Excel 2010. A total number of 9,403 pathology cases were recorded from 2011 to 2017. Out of these 1,497 cases were confirmed as cytology and histology of breast cases. From 1,497 confirmed breast cases in both sexes, the incidence of benign cases was higher than incidence of malignant cases with the case number of 1, 149, and 348, respectively. Out of the 1,497 cases, 1,447 (96.66%) were females; this included a total incidence cases of female benign and malignant breast cases 1,111 (76.78%), and 336 (23.22%), respectively. In both female and male age group the highest positive cases were found in the age greater than 85. The incidence age standard rate per 100,000 in females and male was 3.3 and 0.2, respectively. In sum, the age standardized incidence of breast cancer was relatively low. However, it is our opinion that the low prevalence may be due to low awareness and a highly centralized screening and diagnostic services. This limits access. Altogether, it is our opinion that breast cancer presents a burden to Eritrean ministry of health.
Comment on "Extreme Oncoplastic Surgery for Multifocal/Multicentric and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer".
Franceschini G, Di Leone A, Masetti R
Int J Breast Cancer · 2019 · PMID 31275658 · Full text
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Breast Cancer Survivors' Perceptions of Prevention versus Control of Future Cancer Recurrence.
Alwhaibi M, Lilly CL, Hazard H … +1 more , Kelly KM
Int J Breast Cancer · 2019 · PMID 31186965 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The Institute of Medicine has established Survivorship Care Planning as a critical component of cancer care to ensure that cancer survivors receive the appropriate follow-up care in a timely manner and suppor...
BACKGROUND: The Institute of Medicine has established Survivorship Care Planning as a critical component of cancer care to ensure that cancer survivors receive the appropriate follow-up care in a timely manner and support cancer survivors in dealing with the risk of recurrence, yet little is known about how cancer survivors think about preventing or controlling future cancer recurrence. This study sought to assess breast cancer women's perceived prevention and perceived control of future cancer recurrence. METHODS: Women with a history of breast cancer (n=114) were surveyed, and data were analyzed using concurrent mixed methods. Binary logistic regression models examined predictors of perceived prevention and perceived control of cancer recurrence. RESULTS: Most women perceived that they could control cancer recurrence (89%); few (30%) perceived that they could prevent cancer recurrence. Women reported components of the timeline (e.g., early diagnosis), identity (e.g., cancer in body), causes (e.g., hereditary), consequences (e.g., witness success), and cure/control (e.g., exercise) or lack of cure/control. Women who reported lack of control were less likely to perceive that they could control cancer recurrence. Women who reported causes were less likely to perceive that they could prevent or control cancer recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Women's perceptions about the prevention and control of cancer recurrence are important and different factors in the minds of women with breast cancer. Most women believed they could control cancer recurrence; however, few believed they could prevent cancer recurrence. Interventions to focus on control of cancer recurrence, focusing on evidence-based clinical and lifestyle interventions, are needed.
Knowledge and Health Seeking Behaviour of Breast Cancer Patients in Ghana.
Agbokey F, Kudzawu E, Dzodzomenyo M … +3 more , Ae-Ngibise KA, Owusu-Agyei S, Asante KP
Int J Breast Cancer · 2019 · PMID 31057972 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, despite the numerous measures employed to prevent and manage the disease. This study explored the knowledge and health seek...
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a major contributor to cancer-related deaths among women worldwide, despite the numerous measures employed to prevent and manage the disease. This study explored the knowledge and health seeking behaviour of breast cancer patients at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, from June 2014 to July 2014. Thirty-five participants were purposively selected. The responses to questions about their experiences with breast cancer were determined using indepth interviews. Transcripts were coded and analysed using NVIVO version 10.0. RESULTS: Participants' knowledge about signs and symptoms of breast cancer after their diagnosis was high but low for risk factors. Screening for breast cancer through self-breast examination was infrequently performed prior to their diagnosis. The patients' first point of care was generally health facilities. Some patients reported late due to misinterpretation of signs and symptoms, cultural influences and fear of losing their breast to surgery, physician delay, health providers' laxity, and disinterest in breast cancer. Men, for example, husbands, decide on where and when breast cancer patients go for treatment. CONCLUSION: There is poor knowledge of the risk factors for developing breast cancer. Patients resorted to the hospital as first options for cure but were generally delayed in doing so. There is the need to create awareness about breast cancer among the general population.
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