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Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi Kouqiang Yixue Zazhi = West China Journal Of Stomatology[JOURNAL]
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi Kouqiang Yixue Zazhi = West China Journal Of Stomatology[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Effect of Golgi membrane protein 1 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and its mechanism].
Li S, Wen C, Yu L … +2 more , Chen J, Feng H
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916712 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in O...
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effects on proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in OSCC cells and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases to evaluate the expression of GOLM1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its prognostic significance. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect GOLM1 expression in OSCC tissues and adjacent tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of GOLM1 in human normal oral keratinocytes (HOK) and OSCC cell lines (HSC-3 and SCC-25, respectively) were measured via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. For experiments, GOLM1 was silenced in HSC-3 and SCC-25 cells via lentiviral transfection, with the transfection efficiency validated through qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated via wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. Western blot was used to analyze EMT-related proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to identify potential signaling pathways associated with GOLM1, followed by validation through Western blot and rescue experiments. RESULTS: GOLM1 exhibited a high expression in HNSCC, correlation with poor prognosis, and significant upregulation in OSCC tissues. In addition, GOLM1 showed markedly elevated expression levels in OSCC cell lines HSC-3 and SCC-25 compared with those in HOK cells. Silencing of GOLM1 markedly suppressed OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, accompanied with an increased E-cadherin expression and decreased N-cadherin and Vimentin levels. GSEA revealed a strong association between GOLM1 and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Silencing of GOLM1 reduced the expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2, and phosphorylated Smad2. Exogenous recombinant human TGF-β1 protein rescued the inhibitory effects of GOLM1 knockdown on OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSIONS: GOLM1 is overexpressed in OSCC tissues and cells, and silencing of this protein inhibits OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT via the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway.
[Assistance and breakthrough of digitalization and intelligent digitalization in implant restoration of edentulous jaws].
Sa Y, Cai Y, Sun Y … +2 more , Zhao M, Xia S
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916711 · Full text
Digital and intelligent digital technologies can help optimize the clinical workflow of edentulous jaw implant restoration, significantly improving precision, predictability, and efficiency throughout all stages of treat...
Digital and intelligent digital technologies can help optimize the clinical workflow of edentulous jaw implant restoration, significantly improving precision, predictability, and efficiency throughout all stages of treatment. In the preoperative phase, by acquiring the patient's digital information model and integrating data with the assistance of an artificial intelligence-driven planning system, personalized design of implant positions and prosthesis morphologies can be achieved, thereby realizing accurate functional and aesthetic matching. During the surgical procedure, the adoption of static implant guides, dynamic navigation systems, or implant robotic systems can effectively enhance surgical precision and minimize patient trauma to the greatest extent. In the immediate and final restoration phases, digital impression technology based on intraoral and extraoral scanning systems enables accurate acquisition of information regarding implants, as well as hard and soft tissues related to edentulous jaw implantation. Among these technologies, the application of AI-assisted algorithms and modified intraoral scan bodies can further improve patient comfort and chairside work efficiency. When encountering metal restoration artifact interference, the use of artifact correction algorithms or methods to increase identifiable marker points can both enhance the fitting precision of virtual data, reduce the impact of metal artifacts on data matching, and provide more reliable data support for digital preoperative planning. For complex edentulous cases, such as pterygoid implant placement, implant robotic systems based on digital three-dimensional modeling enable high-precision implantation with intraoperative dynamic calibration, thereby improving prosthetic predictability. Although challenges remain in data interoperability and standardization of clinical protocols, the integration of unified data standards, comprehensive intelligent platforms, and standardized workflows may facilitate the standardized and intelligent application of digital technologies in edentulous implant rehabilitation. It is foreseeable that in the future, digital and intelligent digital technologies will continue to drive the development of the edentulous jaw implant restoration field, providing patients with more high-quality, efficient, and safe implant restoration solutions.
[Strategic orthodontic treatment for multiple mesioangular impacted molars: a case report].
Zhan J, Zhang J, Fan W … +3 more , Fu H, He X, Hu L
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916710 · Full text
Tooth impaction is a prevalent dentofacial developmental anomaly, mostly observed in third molars, whereas second molar impaction occurs with lower frequency. This article presents a case of a male adolescent with mesial...
Tooth impaction is a prevalent dentofacial developmental anomaly, mostly observed in third molars, whereas second molar impaction occurs with lower frequency. This article presents a case of a male adolescent with mesially impacted second molars resulting in the external root resorption of multiple first molars. The patient received orthodontic and surgical treatments simultaneously, achieving dental alignment and enhanced occlusal function. The treatments mitigated the long-term adverse complications of external root resorption.
[Follow-up study evaluating morphological changes in alveolar bone in the maxillary anterior region after extraction retraction in adult patients treated with clear aligners on the basis of cone beam computed tomography data].
Hong X, Zhang W, Qi S … +3 more , Yang L, Shen W, Liu J
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916709 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: Alveolar bone height and thickness changes in the maxillary anterior region were assessed before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and during the retention phase (T3) in patients with maxillary protrusion...
OBJECTIVES: Alveolar bone height and thickness changes in the maxillary anterior region were assessed before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and during the retention phase (T3) in patients with maxillary protrusion treated with clear aligners combined with premolar extraction. The aim was to provide clinical insights for safely retracting anterior teeth with clear aligners. METHODS: This retrospective study included 15 patients (2 males and 13 females) with maxillary protrusion, who underwent bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction and anterior tooth retraction with clear aligners. Cone beam computed tomography images were collected at T1, T2, and T3 (≥18 mon-ths post-treatment) for the measurement of vertical alveolar bone height (labial, palatal, mesial, and distal aspects) and horizontal alveolar bone thickness (labial, palatal, and total). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0, and changes across phases and correlations were assessed. RESULTS: After orthodontic treatment, the palatal and mesial alveolar bone height of the maxillary anterior teeth significantly decreased (<0.05). Concurrently, the labial midroot and apical thickness of the maxillary central incisors showed a significant increase, whereas the palatal cervical alveolar bone of the maxillary lateral incisors and canines exhibited significant thinning (<0.05). At T3, the labiopalatal alveolar bone height of the maxillary central incisors significantly increased (palatal height increase: 0.46 mm±0.57 mm; <0.05). Although the palatal alveolar bone thickness of the maxillary lateral incisors and canines continued to decrease, the differences were not statistically significant (>0.05). A negative correlation was observed between alveolar bone resorption during treatment and bone regeneration during retention (labial height of maxillary central incisors: =-0.597, <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After the retraction of maxillary anterior teeth with clear aligners, the alveolar bone height on the mesial and palatal sides of the upper anterior teeth showed considerable reduction. The palatal alveolar bone thickness at the cervical and middle root levels of the upper lateral incisors and canines decreased remarkably. By contrast, the labial alveolar bone thickness at the middle and apical root levels of the upper central incisors significantly increased. At T3-T2, the partial recovery of alveolar bone height and thickness was observed, but pretreatment levels were not reached. Notably, the degree of bone resorption during treatment may influence the remodeling potential at T3.
[Comparative study on the clinical performance of concealable traction hook spherical buccal tubes versus conventional rectangular buccal tubes].
Li S, Zhang L, Cui M … +5 more , Zhong T, Chen Z, Song W, Han Y, Ji L
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916708 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study comprehensively compares the differences between concealable traction hook spherical buccal tubes (concealable spherical tubes) and conventional rectangular buccal tubes in terms of patient comfort...
OBJECTIVES: This study comprehensively compares the differences between concealable traction hook spherical buccal tubes (concealable spherical tubes) and conventional rectangular buccal tubes in terms of patient comfort, incidence of buccal mucosal injury, periodontal health indices, and clinical bond failure rate to provide evidence for clinical application. METHODS: Thirty subjects were enrolled and treated using a split-mouth design, where the two sides of each patient's oral cavity were randomly assigned to receive either conventional rectangular buccal tubes (group A) or concealable spherical buccal tubes (group B). During treatment, pain scores, ulcer occurrence, and bond failure of the first molar buccal tubes were recorded. Periodontal indices, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) of the first molars, were assessed before treatment (T0) and 30 days after tube bonding (T1). RESULTS: The pain scores in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (=-5.231, <0.001). Moderate or higher pain was reported by 86.7% of patients in group A, whereas 90.0% of patients in group B reported mild pain only. The incidence of ulcers in group A (76.7%) was significantly higher than that in group B (3.3%, =-4.508, <0.001). After treatment, the periodontal indices in both groups increased significantly compared to pre-treatment levels (<0.05); however, the increases in PLI, GI, and SBI were significantly greater in group A than in group B (<0.001). The bond failure rate in group A (26.7%) was significantly higher than that in group B (8.3%, <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical performance of concealable spherical buccal tubes is significantly superior to that of conventional rectangular buccal tubes in improving patient comfort, reducing the incidence of mucosal injury and clinical bond failure, and maintaining periodontal health. This design offers patients a more comfortable and healthier orthodontic treatment experience.
[Impact of disc displacement on adolescent dento-maxillofacial morphology].
Jing D, Li Y, Duan Y … +2 more , Fang B, Zhao N
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916707 · Full text
Disc displacement (DD) is the primary type of temporomandibular disorder. Adolescence marks a period of high incidence for DD and is also a critical phase for dentofacial development. There is a strong correlation betwee...
Disc displacement (DD) is the primary type of temporomandibular disorder. Adolescence marks a period of high incidence for DD and is also a critical phase for dentofacial development. There is a strong correlation between DD and condyle size, ramus height, mandibular morphology and position. However, whether they are directly related, whether DD can cause or exacerbate dento-maxillofacial deformities, and the degree of association between different types of DD and adolescent craniofacial development remain inconclusive. This research reviews the abovementioned issues to deepen the understanding of the potential impact of DD on dento-maxillofacial development during adolescence. The aim is to offer comprehensive clinical recommendations for the etiological mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, and treatment planning of dento-maxillofacial deformities.
[Orthodontic treatment strategies and considerations in adult patients with periodontal disease].
Feng G, Zhong W, Song J
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916706 · Full text
The primary objectives of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with periodontal disease are to improve dental alignment and occlusal relationships, optimize oral hygiene conditions, restore masticatory function, and e...
The primary objectives of orthodontic treatment in adult patients with periodontal disease are to improve dental alignment and occlusal relationships, optimize oral hygiene conditions, restore masticatory function, and enhance aesthetic outcomes. During treatment, orthodontists should comprehensively and continuously evaluate the patient's periodontal health status, adopt personalized biomechanical control strategies, enhance multidisciplinary collaboration, and implement targeted prevention and management measures for potential orthodontic risks. This article provides an overview of common clinical issues encountered in the orthodontic treatment of adult periodontal patients. Key areas addressed include the relationship between periodontal disease and the development of malocclusion, the formulation of treatment objectives, indications and contraindications, key aspects of treatment process control, the role of radiographic examination in treatment planning and monitoring, and post-orthodontic retention protocols.
[Research advances in clear aligner].
Chen S
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916705 · Full text
This study systematically reviews the latest research advances in clear aligners across materials science, clinical treatment outcomes, and impacts on oral health. In materials science, research focuses on membrane bioco...
This study systematically reviews the latest research advances in clear aligners across materials science, clinical treatment outcomes, and impacts on oral health. In materials science, research focuses on membrane biocompatibility, development of bio/smart composite aligners, and direct printing technology for clear aligners. Although mainstream materials are generally safe, some still harbor cytotoxic risks. Smart composite materials offer novel strategies for monitoring and preventing enamel demineralization and bacterial biofilm formation by integrating sensors or incorporating antimicrobial agents. Directly printed aligner technology demonstrates significant potential due to its customizability and high precision. Regarding clinical efficacy, evidence indicates that clear aligners achieve comparable results with fixed appliances for mild-to-moderate malocclusions, though their efficiency and effectiveness are slightly inferior in complex extraction cases. Regarding specific tooth movement control, arch expansion primarily relies on crown inclination, yielding results below design expectations; molar distalization achievement is also limited. Studies refute the notion that a specific "bite-ramp effect" causes mandibular counterclockwise rotation. For skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusions in children, clear aligners combined with functional orthodontic modules show promising applications, though evidence levels require further enhancement. Regarding oral health impacts, multiple studies confirm that clear aligners effectively reduce enamel demineralization risk, decrease plaque accumulation, and improve periodontal health compared with fixed appliances. In summary, clear aligner technology has advanced toward great precision, efficiency, and personalization. However, clinicians must recognize its tool-like nature. Successful treatment fundamentally relies on comprehensive diagnosis, appropriate treatment planning, and meticulous clinical execution.
[Advancements in biomechanics and orthodontic strategies for clear aligner therapy].
Lei X, Jin F
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916704 · Full text
Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is increasingly used in orthodontic practice. However, the biomechanical effectiveness and predictability of tooth movement in complex cases should be further clarified and enhanced. This arti...
Clear aligner therapy (CAT) is increasingly used in orthodontic practice. However, the biomechanical effectiveness and predictability of tooth movement in complex cases should be further clarified and enhanced. This article provides a systematic review of the biomechanical mechanisms underlying four common complex treatment modalities in CAT, namely, molar distalization, arch expansion, vertical tooth movement, and extraction cases, and summarizes current clinical strategies, such as overcorrection design, attachment, mini-screw-assisted anchorage, and intra-/inter-arch elastic traction. The role of these strategies in improving tooth movement control and treatment efficacy is elucidated, and potential future developments is discussed. The findings can offer a theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing CAT and improving the control ability and predictability of treatment outcomes.
[Discussion on the application of clear aligner treatment in multidisciplinary complex cases].
Lai W
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916703 · Full text
Clear aligner treatment has evolved over the last 20 years. It has transformed from a simple tool for tooth alignment to an essential component of multidisciplinary oral treatment. It has shown significant advantages in...
Clear aligner treatment has evolved over the last 20 years. It has transformed from a simple tool for tooth alignment to an essential component of multidisciplinary oral treatment. It has shown significant advantages in the orthodontic treatment of periodontal disease, the orthodontic treatment of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), integrated approaches with dental implant restoration, and the combined treatment of orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. The objective of orthodontic treatment for periodontal disease is to enhance health and stability. Commencement of clear aligner treatment is advised after the management of periodontal inflammation. The principle of applying gentle and gradual force must be adhered to. The extent of tooth movement should be reduced. The coverage of the aligner should be minimized. The time between aligner replacements should be extended. The objective of orthodontic treatment for TMD is to achieve occlusal-joint coordination, eliminate occlusal trauma, stabilize joint function, align the teeth, and improve occlusion. Clear aligner intervention is only suitable for stable TMD. Emphasis is placed on collaborative multidisciplinary management. Informed consent for orthodontic treatment of patients with TMD is crucial. The goal of combined orthodontic and restorative treatment is to integrate space and aesthetics. The digital design of clear aligners can optimize spacing, expand the area for dental implants, intrude over-erupted opposing teeth, upright tilted abutment teeth, ensure optimal gingival distance and mesiodistal diameter for dental implants, and when combined with smile design, it can significantly improve the pink and white aesthetic score. Precise orthodontic-surgical coordination is achieved for the combined treatment of severe skeletal malocclusion via orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. The digital design of clear aligners facilitates the alignment of the upper and lower dental arches more effectively compared with fixed orthodontic treatment. It effectively reduces chairside operation time and significantly improves treatment efficiency. At present, the application of clear aligners in multidisciplinary fields remains limited, and high-quality studies are lacking. We anticipate further high-quality research in the future to enhance our understanding of clear aligner treatment. This will facilitate the exact and rapid completion of clear aligner therapy for patients, resulting in aesthetically pleasing smiles.
[Ⅱ].
Zhao Z
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2026 Feb · PMID 41916702 · Full text
Patients with skeletal ClassⅡ hyperdivergent patterns often present with mandibular retrognathism, increased lower facial height, and excessive vertical dimension of occlusion, resulting in an unaesthetic facial profile...
Patients with skeletal ClassⅡ hyperdivergent patterns often present with mandibular retrognathism, increased lower facial height, and excessive vertical dimension of occlusion, resulting in an unaesthetic facial profile and a higher incidence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). Conventional treatments such as camouflage orthodontics with extraction or single-jaw surgery often struggle to achieve a balance between improving facial aesthetics and functional outcomes. In recent years, a treatment approach centered on counterclockwise rotation (CCR) of the mandible has gained attention. By adjusting the occlusal plane and mandibular position, this approach not only improves mandibular retrognathism and optimizes facial proportions but also helps reduce joint loading and alleviate TMD symptoms to some extent. This article systematically discusses the role of CCR in skeletal ClassⅡ hyperdivergent cases from perspectives such as biomechanical foundations, orthodontic and orthognathic treatment strategies, joint functional adaptation, and clinical applications, while also offering insights into its stability and future research directions.
[Treatment of root fracture of immature maxillary permanent central incisor combined with impacted supernumerary tooth in the apical region: a case report].
Sun J, Qian H, Wu X … +2 more , Liu H, Liu Q
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332413 · Full text
Dental trauma is a common oral condition in children. For single-type trauma to young permanent teeth, timely treatment often results in a high survival rate for both the teeth and the pulp. However, in cases of complex...
Dental trauma is a common oral condition in children. For single-type trauma to young permanent teeth, timely treatment often results in a high survival rate for both the teeth and the pulp. However, in cases of complex dental trauma or when supernumerary teeth are impacted near the apex of the injured tooth, the prognosis is less predictable. This article reports a case of root fracture in an immature maxillary permanent central incisor combined with impacted supernumerary tooth in the apical region. After supernumerary tooth extraction and pulp revascularization therapy, the case demonstrated a good treatment outcome over a nearly 10-year follow-up period.
[Case of tooth autotransplantation with robotic surgery assistance].
Liu Y, Song J, Chen X … +4 more , Zhang C, Chen S, Zhang J, Gu Z
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332412 · Full text
Tooth autotransplantation is a restoration technology that grafts the patient's own teeth to the missing tooth area, usually by using the third molar to replace a nonnormally functioning molar for the purpose of "turning...
Tooth autotransplantation is a restoration technology that grafts the patient's own teeth to the missing tooth area, usually by using the third molar to replace a nonnormally functioning molar for the purpose of "turning waste into treasure". Robotic surgical assistance has been widely used in the fields of breast cancer, liver cancer, and orthopedics; however, its application in the dental field, particularly in tooth autotransplantation, remains relatively rare. This paper reports a case of tooth autotransplantation with the assistance of a domestic autonomous oral surgery robot, providing a reference for the application of robotic surgery assistance in tooth autotransplantation.
[Machine learning-based prediction model for caries in the first molars of 9-year-old children in Suzhou].
Chen L, Wang X, Zhu K … +2 more , Ren K, Wu Z
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332411 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to use machine learning algorithms to build a prediction model of the first permanent molar caries of 9-year-old children in Suzhou and screen out risk factors. METHODS: Random stratified who...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to use machine learning algorithms to build a prediction model of the first permanent molar caries of 9-year-old children in Suzhou and screen out risk factors. METHODS: Random stratified whole group sampling was applied to randomly select 9-year-old students from 38 primary schools in 14 townships and streets in Wuzhong District for oral examination and questionnaire survey. Multifactor Logistics regression was used to analyze the risk factors of tooth decay. The data set was randomly divided into training sets and verification sets according to 8∶2, and R 4.3.1 was used to build five machine learning algorithms: random forest, decision tree, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Logistics regression, and lightweight gradient enhancement (LightGBM). The predictive effect of these five models was evaluated using the area under the characteristic curve (AUC). The marginal contribution of quantitative characteristics to the caries prediction model was determined through Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). RESULTS: This study included 7 225 samples that met the standard. The caries rate of the first permanent molar was 54.96%. Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that sweet drinks, dessert and candy, snack frequency, and snacks before going to bed after brushing teeth were correlated with the occurrence of first permanent molar caries (<0.05). The AUC values of decision tree, Logistic regression, LightGBM, random forest, and XGBoost were 75.5%, 83.9%, 88.6%, 88.9%, and 90.1%, respectively. Compared with the variables after single heat coding, the SHAP value of high-frequency sweets (such as dessert candy ≥2 times a day, mother's sugary diet ≥2 times a day) and bad oral hygiene habits (such as frequent snacks before going to bed after brushing teeth and irregular brushing teeth) exhibited the highest positive. CONCLUSIONS: XGBoost algorithm has a good prediction effect for first permanent molar caries in 9-year-old children. High-frequency sweet factors and bad oral hygiene habits have a strong positive impact on the risk of first permanent molar caries and are key drivers that can be used in the formulation of targeted interventions.
[Construction of the evaluation index system for nursing quality management in outpatient dental clinics based on the structure-process-outcome model].
Wei J, Liu F, Yang C … +5 more , Wang J, Ma Y, Yang J, Xie J, Xu L
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332410 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to construct an evaluation index system for nursing quality management in outpatient dental clinics based on the structure-process-outcome model and provide an objective standard for the eval...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to construct an evaluation index system for nursing quality management in outpatient dental clinics based on the structure-process-outcome model and provide an objective standard for the evaluation of nursing quality in outpatient dental clinics. METHODS: Through literature review, multi-subject interviews, and expert meetings, the first draft of the evaluation index for nursing quality management in outpatient dental clinics was formulated. The Delphi method was adopted to select and invite 15 experts in the fields of hospital infection management, nursing management, and specialized oral care from across the country to modify the first draft. RESULTS: The positive coefficients of the experts in the two rounds of consultation were 86.7% and 92.3%, respectively. The total authority coefficients of the experts were 0.791 and 0.717, respectively. The mean scores of the importance and feasibility of the third-level indices in the two rounds of consultation were all ≥4.333; the coefficients of variation were all ≤0.150; and the Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.308 and 0.184 respectively, with <0.05 for all. These results indicated that the experts were motivated to participate in this study. They recognized the importance and feasibility of the overall items in this index system, and their opinions were relatively consistent. Finally, an evaluation index system, which included 3 first-level indices, 7 second-level indices, 22 third-level indices, and 69 index connotations, for nursing quality management in outpatient dental clinics was determined. The weights of the three first-level indicators were all 0.333. Patient satisfaction (0.076, outcome dimension), hand hygiene (0.061, outcome dimension), chair care ratio (0.057, structural dimension), and turnover rate (0.057, structural dimension) were the top tertiary indicators in terms of portfolio weight. CONCLUSIONS: The construction method of the evaluation index system for nursing quality management in outpatient dental clinics is scientific and reliable. It can provide a reference for the evaluation of the management level of nursing quality in outpatient dental clinics and promote the continuous improvement of nursing quality in outpatient dental clinics.
[Mediation analysis of plasma phosphorylated tau217 in the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment].
Zhang Y, Wei M, Zhao X … +5 more , Qi X, Zuo S, Mao S, Wang J, Ding G
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332409 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) in the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: In this case-cont...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) in the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: In this case-control study, patients diagnosed with MCI in the Neurology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University from November 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the case group (MCI group). Cognitively normal (CN) volunteers, matched for age and education level and recruited from the physical examination center during the same period, served as the control group (CN group). The general demographic data of the study participants were collected. The Beijing versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), clinical dementia rating (CDR), and activities of daily living scale (ADL) were used to assess neuropsychological functions. Clinical periodontal examinations were conducted, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated, and the periodontitis stage was determined in accordance with the 2018 classification. Fasting elbow venous blood samples were collected in the morning, and blood biochemical indicators were measured. Plasma p-tau217 levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses were performed using -test, Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, partial correlation analysis, multivariate Logistic regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analysis, and mediation effect analysis. RESULTS: Among the 192 participants, 96 belong to the MCI group and 96 to the CN group. The prevalence of periodontitis was 63.5% in the MCI group and 43.8% in the CN group, with a statistically significant difference (χ²=7.561, =0.006). The plasma p-tau217 levels in the MCI group were significantly higher than those in the CN group [7.00 (4.27-9.65) ng/mL versus 2.02 (0.80-3.81) ng/mL, =-8.108, <0.001]. Partial correlation analysis revealed that plasma p-tau217 levels were positively correlated with all the clinical periodontal indices (all <0.001). After adjustments for baseline covariates, multivariate Logistic regression indicated that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for MCI. Patients with periodontitis had a 1.977-fold higher MCI risk than those without periodontitis (OR=1.977, 95%CI: 1.088-3.594, =0.025). Moreover, the MCI risk for stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ periodontitis and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis was 1.878 times (OR=1.878, 95%CI: 1.029-3.425, =0.040) and 2.625 times (OR=2.625, 95%CI: 1.073-6.246, =0.035) higher than that for patients without periodontitis, respectively. Trend test showed that the MCI risk increased with periodontitis severity (=0.016). After adjustments for baseline covariates, multiple linear regression analysis showed that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for increased plasma p-tau217 levels (β=3.309, 95%CI: 2.363-4.254, <0.001). Compared with patients without periodontitis, those with stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ periodontitis (β=1.838, 95%CI: 0.869-2.806, <0.001) and stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ periodontitis (β=5.539, 95%CI: 4.442-6.636, <0.001) had significantly higher plasma p-tau217 levels. In addition, trend test indicated that plasma p-tau217 levels increased with periodontitis severity (<0.001). After adjustments for baseline covariates, RCS regression analysis further revealed that PISA had a positive linear dose-response relationship with MCI risk (=0.002, =0.344) and plasma p-tau217 levels (<0.001, =0.140). After adjustments for baseline covariates, mediation analysis showed that plasma p-tau217 mediated the association between periodontitis and MCI, with a mediation proportion of 13.99% (95% Bootstrap CI: 0.38%-49.39%, =0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis was independently positively associated with MCI risk, and plasma p-tau217 plays a mediating role in this association.
[Early warning model of postoperative infection of internal fixation device in maxillofacial fracture based on the synthetic minority over-sampling technique algorithm].
Jiang J, Wang H, Shi Y … +1 more , Xu K
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332408 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infection in patients with maxillofacial fractures and proposes an early warning model based on the synthetic minori...
OBJECTIVES: This study investigates independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infection in patients with maxillofacial fractures and proposes an early warning model based on the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm. METHODS: A total of 1 104 patients who underwent surgical treatment for maxillofacial fractures at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2021 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of postoperative internal fixation device infection: the infection group (27 cases) and non-infection group (1 077 cases). Clinical data from both groups were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infection in maxillofacial fractures. Subsequently, a Logistic regression model was established, and the dataset was improved based on the SMOTE algorithm to construct an early warning model with the improved dataset. The prediction performance of the models was compared and validated. RESULTS: Among the 1 104 patients who underwent surgical treatment for maxillofacial fractures, 27 cases of postoperative internal fixation device infections were identified, corresponding to an infection rate of 2.45% (27/1 104). Age, diabetes history, fracture severity, and oral hygiene status were all identified as risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infections in maxillofacial fractures (all <0.05). The prediction model based on the original data (P1). The prediction model based on the SMOTE algorithm (P2). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis shows that the area under curve (AUC) for the P2 model was 0.882, the P1 model was 0.861, indicating the superior predictive performance of the P2 model. The DeLong test results show that the difference in AUC between the two models was statistically significant (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Age, diabetes history, postoperative fracture severity, and oral hygiene status are all risk factors for infections associated with internal fixation devices after maxillofacial fracture surgery. The proposed early warning model demonstrated good predictive performance. Medical professionals can utilize this model to effectively intervene and anticipate infections related to internal fixation devices after maxillofacial fracture surgery.
[Cannabinoid receptor 2 inhibition on acantholysis in oral mucosal pemphigus].
Liu H, Song P, Hou Y … +3 more , Huo X, Mi L, Liu C
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332407 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cannabinoid receptor (CB) 2 inhibitor on desmoglein 3 (DSG3) expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with pemphigus serum. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staini...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of cannabinoid receptor (CB) 2 inhibitor on desmoglein 3 (DSG3) expression in HaCaT cells co-cultured with pemphigus serum. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare CB expression in pemphigus patients and normal individuals. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify the concentration of CB2 in the serum of pemphigus patients and normal individuals. A correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the serum CB2 and DSG of pemphigus patients. The CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of AM630 on HaCaT cells, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) value was utilized to determine the experimental concentration. Serum from normal individuals (negative control group) and pemphigus patients (pemphigus group) was co-cultured with HaCaT cells at a 1∶1 ratio. HaCaT cells cultured in complete medium were used as the control group. HaCaT cells in the pemphigus group treated with AM630 were employed as the AM630 group. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were conducted to assess the expression levels of CB2, DSG3, and β-catenin. Cell dissociation experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of AM630 on the adhesion of HaCaT cells. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry revealed significant differences in CB2 expression between pemphigus and normal mucosa (<0.000 1), but no difference was found in CB1 expression. ELISA analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the expression levels of CB2 in the serum between normal individuals and pemphigus patients (<0.001). The expression of CB2 in the serum of pemphigus patients exhibited a significant positive correlation with that of DSG3 (0.831, =0.003). The CCK-8 assay indicated that the IC of AM630 on HaCaT cells was 0.55 μmol/L. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression levels of CB2 and DSG3 increased in the pemphigus group, while the expression level of β-catenin decreased compared with that in the AM630 groups (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CB2 is highly expressed in oral mucosal pemphigus. AM630 inhibits overexpression of CB2 and DSG3 and underexpression of β-catenin levels, which can provide new therapeutic targets for pemphigus.
[Preparation of polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol-concentrated growth factor composite scaffolds and the effects on the biological properties of human periodontal ligament stem cells].
Gao L, Zhao M, Yang S … +3 more , Wang R, Cheng J, Chen G
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332406 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of a polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) scaffold incorporated with concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentia...
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effects of a polycaprolactone (PCL)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) scaffold incorporated with concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). METHODS: The PCL-PEG-CGF composite scaffold was fabricated using an immersion and freeze-drying technique. Its microstructure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility were systematically characterized. The hPDLSCs were isolated through enzymatic digestion, and the hPDLSCs were identified through flow cytometry. Third-passage hPDLSCs were seeded onto the composite scaffolds, and their adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation were assessed using CCK-8 assays, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and Western blot analysis of osteogenesis-related proteins [Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), ALP, and morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)]. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the PCL-PEG-CGF composite scaffold exhibited a honeycomb-like structure with heterogeneous pore sizes. The composite scaffold exhibited excellent hydrophilicity, as evidenced by a contact angle (θ) approaching 0° within 6 s. Its elastic modulus was measured at (4.590 0±0.149 3) MPa, with comparable hydrophilicity, fracture tensile strength, and fracture elongation to PCL-PEG scaffold. The hPDLSCs exhibited significantly improved adhesion to the PCL-PEG-CGF composite scaffold compared with the PCL-PEG scaffold (<0.01). Additionally, cell proliferation was markedly improved in all the experimental groups on days 3, 5, and 7 (<0.01), and statistically significant differences were found between the PCL-PEG-CGF group and other groups (<0.01). The PCL-PEG-CGF group showed significantly elevated ALP activity (<0.05), increased mineralization nodule formation, and upregulated expression of osteogenic-related proteins (Runx2, BMP2 and ALP; <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The PCL-PEG-CGF composite scaffold exhibited excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, enhancing the adhesion and proliferation of hPDLSCs and promoting their osteogenic differentiation by upregulating osteogenic-related proteins.
[Correlation analysis of cell-free DNA in gingival crevicular fluid with periodontal clinical indicators and cyclic guanosine phosphate-adenosine phosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes signaling pathway].
Chen L, Zhu X, Zhou J … +2 more , Li J, Zhao L
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi · 2025 Dec · PMID 41332405 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the potential relationships of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with periodontal clinical indicators and the expression of DNA receptor pathway cyclic guanos...
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to explore the potential relationships of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) with periodontal clinical indicators and the expression of DNA receptor pathway cyclic guanosine phosphate-adenosine phosphate synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) in gingival tissues and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). METHODS: GCF and gingival tissue samples were collected from periodontally healthy individuals and patients diagnosed with periodontitis. Periodontal clinical indicators were recorded, including plaque index (PLT), bleeding index (BI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The concentration of cfDNA in GCF was quantified, and the correlation between GCF and periodontal clinical indicators was analyzed. Immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to assess the distribution of cGAS, STING, and p-STING in gingival tissues. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of the key components of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, namely, cGAS, STING, inhibitory of kappa-B kinase (IKK), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were measured. Furthermore, cfDNA extracted from GCF was employed to stimulate HGFs in the healthy control and periodontitis groups, and the mRNA expression levels of the key molecules of cGAS-STING signaling pathway were detected through Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: The concentration of cfDNA in GCF was found to be significantly elevated in the periodontitis group compared with the control group. Moreover, cfDNA concentration demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the periodontal clinical indicators. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed considerably increased percentage of fluorescence co-localization of cGAS, STING, and p-STING with the gingival fibroblast FSP-1 marker in the gingival tissues of the periodontitis group. The mRNA expression levels of cGAS, STING, IKK, NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly higher in the periodontitis group. stimulation of HGFs with GCF-derived cfDNA resulted in increased protein expression of cGAS and p-STING and considerably upregulated the mRNA expression levels of cGAS, STING, IKK, NF-κB p65, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the healthy and periodontitis groups compared with the blank group. Correlation analysis showed that the concentration of cfDNA at the sampling site was positively correlated with the mRNA expression levels of cGAS, STING, NF-κB p65, and IL-6 in gingival tissues. CONCLUSIONS: cfDNA concentrations in the GCF of patients with periodontitis are considerably elevated, and are associated with the activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in HGFs. These findings suggest that cfDNA contributes to the progression of periodontitis.
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