Voprosy Pitaniia[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
[Effects of different fat-tocarbohydrate ratio in crosscountry skiers on time "until exhaustion" and competitive performance].
Lyudinina AY, Bushmanova EA, Loginova TP … +2 more , Garnov OI, Bojko ER
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543065 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: In elite sports, studying the role of macronutrients in providing energy during physical activity is a vital area of research for achieving high performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the co...
UNLABELLED: In elite sports, studying the role of macronutrients in providing energy during physical activity is a vital area of research for achieving high performance. The aim of the present study was to analyze the correlation between performance indicators (VO2max, test time, and Russian Cross-Country Skiing Federation rating score) and the levels of carbohydrate (normal or below normal) and fat (normal or above normal) intake in elite athletes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective longitudinal analysis of data from cross-country skiers (n=46, male, age 19.7±4.8 years) collected during the preparation period from 2014 to 2017 was performed. Energy intake was evaluated using the 24-hour recall method for 3 days. Performance indicators and energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry in a test to failure. RESULTS: Relative energy intake of the athletes on typical training days was at the lower limit (47±12 kcal/kg day). Analysis of the actual diet showed a non-optimal ratio of carbohydrates (388±121 g/day) and fats (132±40 g/day) in the diet of the majority of the athletes. The association between carbohydrate and fat consumption levels with performance indicators demonstrated the leading contribution of carbohydrates to energy supply during submaximal and maximal physical performance. Adequate carbohydrate intake (more than 350 g/day) increased the duration of exercise testing time to failure by 13% (p=0.004) and, accordingly, the level of carbohydrate consumption can be considered as a marker for predicting athletic performance. The revealed direct correlation between high points in the Russian Cross-Country Skiing Federation rating and total testing time (ρ=0.53; p=0.008), as well as excess fat intake (ρ=0.51; p=0.021), indicate the participation of fats in the energy supply of competitive performance. CONCLUSION: The ratio between fat and carbohydrate intake (37:49%) among the examined cross-country skiers does not meet recommended levels and is insufficient to cover their energy expenditure, which may be accompanied by a decrease in performance during the competition period. The results of this study can be applied to optimizing athletes' actual dietary intake and improving their physical qualities.
[Current approaches for vitamins and minerals tolerable intake levels substantiation].
Martinchik EA, Vrzhesinskaya OA, Zhilinskaya NV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543064 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The upper tolerable intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals and their content in the widely consumed foods and in a specialized nutrition (SN) become very relevant due to the growing interest in both se...
UNLABELLED: The upper tolerable intake levels (ULs) for vitamins and minerals and their content in the widely consumed foods and in a specialized nutrition (SN) become very relevant due to the growing interest in both segments fortification. The substantiation of these micronutrients' tolerance limits in fortified foods and dietary supplements (DS) is complicated by the fact that such products are dedicated to eliminate micronutrient deficiencies without excessive intake at the population and individual levels. ULs substantiation for vitamins and minerals is the key element in this issue resolving, while ULs of these micronutrients have not been updated for more than 17 years in the Russian Federation. The aim of the research was to analyze and to summarize the current approach to the substantiation of micronutrient safe levels of intake based on health risk and safety assessment, in particular for vitamins and minerals, as well as for other bioactive compounds. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Russian and in English using the peer reviewed sources database PubMed, Russian on-line scientific platforms eLibrary and CyberLeninka, official European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on-line platform. RESULTS: The paper describes current approaches to safe intake level determination for micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) based on the risk assessment. Both scientific and regulatory sources in the field of setting safe levels of intake for micronutrients and bioactive compounds were reviewed. The four steps risk assessment process for establishing ULs for vitamins and minerals is given. The process is based on the complex assessment of possible adverse health effects on humans. The need to update the ULs is identified for the following micronutrients: vitamin A (retinol) and carotenoids, vitamin B9 (folates), vitamins D and C; minerals - calcium, magnesium, potassium; trace elements - iodine and iron. CONCLUSION: Actual data based on the latest scientific information for the purpose of consumption levels substantiation and, in turn, micronutrient content standardization in food - is a necessary element to ensure the disease prevention efficiency using fortified foods, SN and DS. For the vitamin A (retinol) and carotenoids; vitamins B9 (folates), D and C; minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium); trace elements (iodine and iron) - it is advisable to provide an action plan allowing to update the existing Russian ULs for DS and SN dedicated to the adult population.
[Comprehensive study of mare's and cow's milk proteins and their hydrolysates in children with allergy to cow's milk proteins].
Simonenko ES, Simonenko SV, Zorin SN … +2 more , Korotkova TN, Tarmaeva IY
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543063 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The use of innovative protein ingredients produced by biotechnological methods requires a comprehensive assessment of their allergenic potential for the child's body. The aim of the study was to evaluate the...
UNLABELLED: The use of innovative protein ingredients produced by biotechnological methods requires a comprehensive assessment of their allergenic potential for the child's body. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance and safety profile of hydrolysates of cow's and mare's milk proteins and lactoferrin (LF) for children with cow's milk protein (CMP) allergy. This was based on the investigation of the ability of these products to bind specific IgE, allowing for an assessment of the risks associated with their use, including potential cross-reactivity with mare's milk proteins (MMP) and primary allergenicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: LF from bovine colostrum, as well as hydrolysates of CMP and MMP have been used in the study. Protein hydrolysates from a concentrate of whey proteins of cow's milk and skim mare's milk were obtained by enzymolysis using two enzymes: trypsin and protozyme. Unreacted protein and enzyme were removed from the hydrolysates by tangential ultrafiltration through a 10 kDa polyethersulfone membrane, collecting the low-molecular-weight fraction, and subsequent desalination by nanofiltration. The purified and concentrated product was lyophilized using a freeze dryer. Cross-reactivity between protein fractions from different milks was assessed using indirect ELISA. Specific IgE responses to the peptide components of the studied hydrolysates, as well as to LF and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To detect antibodies to native CMP, the commercial AllergoELISA-specific IgE test system was used. Blood serum of 52 children aged 1-6 years (25 boys and 27 girls) with moderate and severe forms of allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma, food allergies) with established food allergy to BCM has been used in the research. RESULTS: The study results showed that cross-reactions between CMP and MMP, and their enzymatic hydrolysates, are expressed insignificantly. The antigenicity reduction coefficient of MMP hydrolysates relative to whey CMP varied from 26.700 to 39.200, and relative to casein fractions of CMP - from 11.000 to 13.800. An immunochemical analysis of blood serum from patients with confirmed sensitization to CMP revealed fundamental differences in IgE reactivity to the studied antigens. A key observation was the virtual absence of significant specific IgE titers to the hydrolyzed MMP. In contrast, sensitization to hydrolyzed CMP was detected in a small but statistically significant proportion of patients (≤10%), demonstrating significantly higher mean antibody levels (p<0.05). LF occupied an intermediate position: its ability to induce IgE synthesis was comparable to CMP hydrolysates but statistically significantly exceeded that of the low-allergenic marker protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). A critically important result is the confirmation that all four studied antigens (MMP hydrolysate, CMP hydrolysate, LF, BSA) demonstrated repeatedly and reliably (p<0.001) lower values both for the average level of specific IgE and for the frequency of their detection in the diagnostic titer, in comparison with СМР. The comprehensive analysis of the sensitization profile is aimed at establishing the safety degree and determining potential limitations for the use of these products in sensitized patients. CONCLUSION: The results of the research indicate that MMP hydrolysates are a promising protein component for creating hypoallergenic formulas intended for infants who have a mild degree of sensitization to CMP or a hereditary predisposition to it.
[Clinical case of association of food and pollen allergy with acne].
Barilo AA, Smirnova SV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543062 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by excessive sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, and skin inflammation. The relevance of this study stems from the ne...
UNLABELLED: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by excessive sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, and skin inflammation. The relevance of this study stems from the need for acne patients to receive dietary recommendations when consulting dermatologists. Data on the influence of food allergies on acne development are extremely limited, making this study particularly relevant. The aim of the study was to present a clinical case of association of food allergy with acne and concomitant hay fever in a patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A specific allergological examination was performed on a 15-year-old patient who had been diagnosed with acne for 3 years. The determination of the level of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), eosinophilic cationic protein in the blood serum by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, skin prick testing with food and pollen allergens were carried out. RESULTS: Increased serum levels of total IgE (284 IU/ml, reference values: 0-100 IU/ml) and eosinophil cationic protein (36 ng/ml, reference values: 0-24 ng/ml) were detected. Skin prick testing revealed a hyperergic reaction (25 mm) to tree pollen, a positive reaction (6-10 mm) to wheat flour and oatmeal proteins, milk protein, cereal pollen, and apples, and a weakly positive reaction (3-5 mm) to tomatoes and rye flour protein. After 2 months, a positive clinical effect was noted as a result of elimination diet prescribed taking into account the causative and cross-reactive allergens (including common antigenic determinants) with the exclusion of dairy products, rolled oats, bran, oatmeal cookies, cereal porridges, pasta, peanuts, all types of smoked sausages, coffee, cocoa, ice cream, sherbet, sesame, sorghum, honey and bee products, strawberries, citrus fruits, soy, sorrel, herbal teas, tree fruits (raw apples, peaches, cherries), as well as nuts, celery, raw carrots, tomatoes, exotic fruits. CONCLUSION: The presented case demonstrates the need for a specific allergological examination of patients with acne with concomitant sensitization to pollen allergens in case of resistance to standard therapy in order to select a personalized elimination diet with the exclusion of causative and cross-reactive allergens.
[Clinical and experimental efficacy of spirulina : mechanisms of action and prospects for use as a functional food ingredient].
Trushina EN, Rieger NA, Nikityuk DB
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543061 · Publisher ↗
The prevalence of chronic diseases, including alimentary ones, characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation and oxidative stress, dictates the need to develop and implement new domestic specialized food with immunom...
The prevalence of chronic diseases, including alimentary ones, characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation and oxidative stress, dictates the need to develop and implement new domestic specialized food with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. The proven therapeutic potential of spirulina is the basis for its inclusion in food for special dietary uses. The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize the data characterizing the mechanisms of immune and antioxidant protection involved in the implementation of the clinical effects of spirulina. Material and methods. For the search of sources over the past 7 years, the bibliographic databases RISC, PubMed, Scopus and the non-commercial search engine Google Scholar were used. Results. The review presents research materials devoted to the study of the therapeutic potential of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and its bioactive compounds. One of the most significant effects of Spirulina is its immunomodulatory activity. Studies have shown that regular consumption of Spirulina can enhance both innate and adaptive immunity by increasing the activity of NK cells, macrophages and T lymphocytes. The immunostimulatory effect is manifested in the activation of immunoglobulin production and suppression of genes involved in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. It has been established that Spirulina polysaccharides stimulate the production of cytokines such as interferon-gamma and interleukin- 2, which are crucial for the activation of immune cells and coordination of the immune response. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Spirulina is largely determined by its high content of phycocyanins and carotenoids. Phycocyanins effectively neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppress the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNFA and IL1B, and inhibit the promoter activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase iNOS and the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB. Сonclusion. Thus, there is evidence of the direct influence of Spirulina bioactive compounds on the mechanisms of immunoregulation. In addition, sufficient data has been accumulated indicating that Spirulina possesses anticarcinogenic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties, which confirms the possibility of its use for the prevention and dietary treatment of a number of chronic diseases.
[On digitalizing the analysis of food chemistry composition data].
Smirnova EA, Bessonov VV, Shakhvalieva ES … +4 more , Shcherbakov GD, Keshabyants EE, Andronova MS, Tutelyan VA
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543060 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The development of digital nutrition science, based on the application of artificial intelligence algorithms for the personalization of dietary recommendations, is hindered in the Russian Federation by the ab...
UNLABELLED: The development of digital nutrition science, based on the application of artificial intelligence algorithms for the personalization of dietary recommendations, is hindered in the Russian Federation by the absence of a unified verified database of the chemical composition of foods. Such a resource should representatively reflect the current state of the agro-industrial complex and include products that form the basis of the diet of various demographic groups of the population. The objective of the research was to develop a software-analytical complex for creating and verifying a national database of the chemical composition of food. The system being created will ensure the consolidation of data from heterogeneous sources on food raw materials, industrially produced products, and culinary dishes, forming a representative resource that reflects the structure of the actual nutrition of the population and the current product range. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The development of a three-tier software-analytical complex (MySQL 8.0, Python 3.13.3/Flask 2.0, HTML5/CSS3/JavaScript) involved the implementation and refinement of the following approaches: data collection (via web interface and REST API), data verification (using algorithms for missing value imputation, outlier detection, and k-means clustering), and the creation of algorithms to calculate the nutritional value of foods and dishes, accounting for technological losses. The system was validated against retrospective data from nutritional epidemiology studies. RESULTS: A software-analytical complex has been created, including three interconnected databases: the chemical composition of food raw materials and industrially produced foods, dishes and culinary products, as well as coefficients of losses during technological processing. Data verification algorithms were developed and implemented, including methods for processing missing values, detecting statistical outliers, and clustering. A module for calculating the nutritional value of ready-made dishes, taking into account technological losses, was created. Criteria for classifying data as verified were developed, including requirements for completeness of filling (≥95%), compliance with permissible value ranges, and consistency with reference values. Tools for calculating the nutritional value of ready-made dishes, taking into account technological losses, were created, including a methodology for selecting recipes considering regional dietary characteristics. CONCLUSION: The developed software-analytical complex with a web interface is designed for managing data on the chemical composition of food. The system supports the full data lifecycle. Further development of the complex involves expanding the list of analyzed nutrients and integration with software for various purposes, including for dietitians, public catering specialists, diet calculations for organized groups, as well as applications for individual nutrition assessment and informing the population about the energy and nutritional value of diets. The implementation of the project will provide an evidence base for epidemiological research, the development of preventive measures for diet-related diseases, and the formation of a scientifically based state policy in the field of healthy nutrition.
[The radiation decontamination detecting in commercial spices marketed in Russia: interpreting the spectra of electron paramagnetic resonance].
Titova DI, Medzhidov IM, Kharlamov VA
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543059 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: To increase shelf life and reduce microbial contamination, spices, widely used for a variety of purposes (coloring and preserving agents, flavor enhancers), are regularly subjected to radiation decontaminatio...
UNLABELLED: To increase shelf life and reduce microbial contamination, spices, widely used for a variety of purposes (coloring and preserving agents, flavor enhancers), are regularly subjected to radiation decontamination before subsequent sale and use by consumers. Although spices are consumed only in small amounts, it's important to note that they are added to a wide variety of foods, including ready-to-eat ones. Therefore, assessing the spice radiation decontamination fact of spices is relevant. The aim of the study was to apply electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra to identify the fact of radiation decontamination of finished foods (spices), to assess the signal intensity varies depending on the absorbed dose and attenuation kinetics of the spectra signal over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Samples of dry spices (ginger, ground cinnamon, and turmeric) were irradiated with 60Со ɣ-rays at absorbed doses of 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 kGy. For the irradiated and control samples, spectra were recorded on an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer and signals were detected. Spectra were recorded immediately after irradiation and after 7, 14, 28, 90, 180 and 270 days. RESULTS: The G-factor was 2.0042 for all spice spectra, indicating the carbon-containing radicals' presence. The EPR signal intensity increased with radiation dose elevation, confirming raise in the level of the presented paramagnetic centers. After 1-10 kGy radiation treatment, the signal intensity increased by 87-527% for ginger, by 110-657% for ground cinnamon and by 252-826% for turmeric. The kinetics of signal attenuation demonstrated a significant decrease in intensity during the first 14 days after irradiation of all the tested spices, with subsequent slower attenuation over the next 9 months. The signal intensity attenuation was maximal in the first 7 days for ginger (37-60%), for ground cinnamon (48-72%), as for turmeric (47-71%). CONCLUSION: After the γ-radiation treatment of the spices, oxidative processes occur and free radicals were formed, as indicated by the recorded EPR signals. Irradiated samples were clearly differed from control, allowing for the separation of radiationtreated samples from untreated. Treatments at 1-10 kGy could been differentiated based on the signal's intensity. EPR spectra assessment can be used to determine the fact of radiation treatment and, therefore, for radiation monitoring on the Russian consumer market for mono-component spices.
[Alternia toxins as a health threat: cytotoxic effects].
Konev AD, Sedova IB, Tutelyan VA
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543058 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Alternaria toxins are metabolites of fungi of the genus Alternaria that pose a potential health hazard. With the advent of modern analytical methods, they have begun to be detected in both raw materials and p...
UNLABELLED: Alternaria toxins are metabolites of fungi of the genus Alternaria that pose a potential health hazard. With the advent of modern analytical methods, they have begun to be detected in both raw materials and processed food. Despite the potential health risks, the content of Alternaria toxins in food is not regulated, and a lot of them remain completely unstudied. The aim of this review was to analyze and summarize the results of studies devoted to the investigation of the cytotoxic effects of Alternaria toxins via in vitro and in vivo experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search for sources was conducted in databases of peerreviewed scientific literature PubMed, Google Scholar and Cyberleninka without restrictions on year of publication by key words: Alternaria, Alternaria toxins, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, toxicity. RESULTS: The summarizing and analysis of data from studies on cytotoxicity, including DNA damage and oxidative stress (OS), and the results of toxicological experiments for the following metabolites of fungi of the genus Alternaria were carried out: alternariol (AOH), its monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), tenuazonic acid (TeA), tentoxin (TEN), altertoxin I (ATX I), altertoxin II (ATX II), altertoxin III (ATX III), alterperinol (ALTP), stemphyltoxin III (STTX III). Dose-dependent death of healthy and cancer cells in many studies proves the high toxicological hazard of AOH. A part of the cell lines viability reduction has a negative impact on some tissues and organs to AME. Toxicity of ALT was contradictory, and TEN did not produce cytotoxic effects at concentrations below 100 μM. TeA in the concentration range of 109 to 187.6 μM caused 50% cancer cells death. The data for ATX I are contradictory, while ATX II, ATX III, STTX III and ALTP perylenequinones showed high cytotoxicity, due to the presence of epoxy groups. Mixtures of Alternaria toxins exhibit additive and synergistic effects, pose a hazard and require further investigation in new combinatorial studies. AOH and AME caused DNA damage, so additional data of genotoxicity in vivo are needed, focusing on the gastrointestinal tract. AOH, AME, and TeA are able to induce OS. There are no publications currently available to assess impact of ALT, TEN, and perylenequinones on OS parameters. Particular attention should be paid to perylenequinones due to their strong in vitro cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION: Currently, sufficient data is available to confirm a health hazard only for AOH, and further data are needed for the remaining Alternaria fungal toxins.
[Protein-energy deficiency in children of the first year of life as a risk factor for dislipoproteinemia].
Kuznetsova OY, Gorbacheva IV, Gilmiyarova FN
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543057 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the overall mortality rate among populations in economically developed countries highlights the importance of atherosclerosis, with dyslipoproteinemia being...
UNLABELLED: The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the overall mortality rate among populations in economically developed countries highlights the importance of atherosclerosis, with dyslipoproteinemia being a key risk factor. The purpose of the research was to identify the features of the blood serum lipid spectrum in infants with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 107 children with acute PEM aged 1 to 12 months (60 boys and 47 girls), and 30 healthy children with normal physical development without acute diseases (18 boys and 12 girls), the blood serum parameters of lipid metabolism were studied: triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C). In 48 children, body weight deficit corresponded to degree I, in 42 - II, in 17 - III. Exclusion criteria for the survey: chromosomal and genetic diseases, congenital malformations, acute infectious diseases. RESULTS: In acute PEM in infants, the TC and HDL-C level does not differ from the indicators of children from the control group and is characterized by stability. The TAG level is significantly decreased at grade I PEM (-33%; p≤0.05), stabilizes at grade II. The significant TAG decrease at grade III (-36%; p≤0.05) reflects the depletion of the adaptation reserve during PEM. The decrease in VLDL-C and the increase in LDL-C are most pronounced at stage III PEM (-31%; p≤0.05; +85%; p≤0.05). In boys with PEM, an increase in both VLDL-C and LDL-C was found (+45%; p≤0.05; +85%; p≤0.05, respectively). In girls, an increase in LDL-C is combined with a decrease in VLDL-C (+40%; p≤0.05; -56%; p≤0.05, respectively). At the same time, dyslipidemia of the atherogenic type is formed only in children with PEM under 6 months of age. CONCLUSION: The development of PEM in children of the first half year of life leads to a change in the metabolic status of the atherogenic type, which is most typical for boys, without affecting the category of girls, and with a severe degree of PEM. This metabolic restructuring indicates the risk of developing atherosclerosis in subsequent age periods.
[Effect of polyphenols on vascular dilation in rats receiving a high-fat diet].
Ivanova GT
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543056 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), and the use of polyphenols can have a protective effect, reducing the severity of MS and preventing disorders of the c...
UNLABELLED: Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), and the use of polyphenols can have a protective effect, reducing the severity of MS and preventing disorders of the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of a possible protective effect of polyphenol (resveratrol and quercetin) usage on the reactivity of the mesenteric arteries in Wistar rats fed an excessive amount of fat in the diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 4 groups of Wistar rats: the HFD group (n=15) received HFD (50% fat by calories), groups HFD+R (n=10) and HFD+Q (n=10) were fed HFD, and resveratrol and quercetin were administered intragastrically at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively; rats of the control group (SD, n=15) received a standard diet. After 8 weeks, the reactions of the mesenteric arteries preconfigured with phenylephrine to acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NP), estimated as percentage of the contraction amplitude to phenylephrine, were studied in the absence and with the use of NO-synthase blockers (L-NAME). The diameter of the vessels was measured in the MMC program using in vivo microphotography and video recording. RESULTS: Administration of polyphenols under HFD had a protective effect on the severity of MS: it prevented an increase in blood pressure, reduced dyslipidemia and visceral obesity, which are characteristic of HFD. Evaluation of the functional state of the mesenteric arteries (in vivo) showed that the use of resveratrol and quercetin prevented inhibition of the dilation of the mesenteric arteries to ACh: total vascular reactivity with a stepwise increase in the concentration of ACh (in the range of 10-10-10-5 М) in HFD+R and HFD+Q rats did not differ from the control, whereas in the HFD group it was 33.9% less than in the SD group. At the ACh concentration of 10-5 M, the amplitude of mesenteric artery vasodilation in the HFD rats was reduced and amounted to 85.0±5.2 vs 106.1±6.4% in control rats (р<0.001), and in the rats treated with polyphenols it did not differ from the control (103.9±8.6% for HFD+R, 99.8±6.3% for HFD +Q). Blockade of NO-synthase reduced the amplitude of dilation in HFD rats by 46.6%, while in the control group - by 68.7%, in HFD+R group - by 68.4%, in HFD+Q group - by 71.3%. Reactivity to NP did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: The consumption of polyphenols (resveratrol and quercetin) with excessive fat intake reduces the severity of MS: loweres visceral obesity, improves carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, prevents blood pressure rise. Data have been obtained confirming the hypothesis of the protective effect of polyphenols in HFD on the functional state of the mesenteric arteries of rats: resveratrol or quercetin intake prevents the development of endothelial dysfunction characteristic of HFD, preserving NO-dependent vasodilation mechanisms.
[Drinking with increased deuterium content affects the gut microbiome and the antioxidant status of the organism].
Kozin SV, Sigareva AS, Moiseev AV … +3 more , Kozlova EA, Rubailo AD, Kravtsov AA
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543055 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: As preparations for a manned mission to Mars are currently underway, it is crucial to understand the impact of a drinking ration with a deuterium level corresponding to those found in Martian glaciers on mamm...
UNLABELLED: As preparations for a manned mission to Mars are currently underway, it is crucial to understand the impact of a drinking ration with a deuterium level corresponding to those found in Martian glaciers on mammals. The objective of the research was to study the dynamics of deuterium levels in laboratory animals and changes in oxidative processes following daily consumption of a drinking ration with a deuterium concentration of 6704‰. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats, which had an initial body weight 270-300 g. The response of laboratory animals to increased deuterium level was studied using 60 Wistar rats. The animals were divided into two groups (30 rats each): Group 1 consumed a drinking ration with a deuterium concentration corresponding to the natural level (-37‰); Group 2 consumed a drinking ration containing 6704‰ deuterium. Five animals were removed from the experiment on days 5, 8, 11, 16, 21 and 31. Fecal, blood and brain samples were collected during these procedures. The stress-protective activity of the drinking ration with a modified isotopic composition was studied using 3 groups of rats (7 rats each). The «Control, -37‰» group consumed water with a deuterium concentration of -37‰. Animals of the «Stress, -37‰» and "Stress, 6704‰" groups consumed water with a deuterium concentration of -37 ‰ and 6704‰, respectively, for 38 days while simulating immobilization stress (4 hours) for 3 days, starting from the 33rd day. Deuterium level in water and blood serum was determined on a NMR spectrometer (Bruker Avance NEO 700 MHz). A DELTA V Advantage isotope mass spectrometer was used to assess deuterium level in lyophilized cerebral cortex. The activity of free radical processes was assessed by the intensity of chemiluminescence of blood plasma and cerebral cortex supernatant. Catalase activity in the cerebral cortex was measured by spectrophotometry, and gene expression levels were determined using realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The proportion of dominant bacterial phyla in the intestinal microbiome was assessed using polymerase chain reaction with phylum-specific primers to 16s rRNA. RESULTS: Consuming water w ith a deuterium concentration of 6704‰ for 31 days increased its concentration in rat blood plasma from -25±4 to 4425±103 ‰, while in brain tissue, deuterium content increased from -127±7 to 667±32‰. As deuterium accumulated in the body, catalase activity increased (2.2-5.3 fold from the 8th to the 31st day, p<0.05) and the expression of several genes involved in antioxidant protection (Cat, Gclc, Nrf2) changed. Fluctuations in the composition of the intestinal microbiome were observed, especially on the 5th and 8th days of the experiment. These fluctuations resulted in a decrease in Bacteroides by 13 and 22%, respectively, and an increase in Firmicutes by 12 and 16%, respectively. These effects are the result of adaptive responses to stress caused by increased deuterium concentrations in the body's internal environment. The decrease in the intensity of oxidative stress in rat brain and blood after immobilization stress is due to the prolonged intake of water with a deuterium level of 6704‰ and the development of a cross-adaptation effect. CONCLUSION: It has been established that increased deuterium levels in the body fluids and tissues of laboratory animals trigger a stress response, activating mechanisms for adaptation to new conditions. This results in activation of the antioxidant system, which enhances the body's protective properties during immobilization stress.
[The importance of chrononutrition for human metabolic health].
Esipov AV, Gulyaev NI, Petko AP … +2 more , Prokhorchik AA, Pogozheva AV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41543054 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Biorhythms play a huge role in the self-regulation of living systems and in the regulation of their interaction with the environment. Circadian rhythms are the periodicity of internal biological mechanisms th...
UNLABELLED: Biorhythms play a huge role in the self-regulation of living systems and in the regulation of their interaction with the environment. Circadian rhythms are the periodicity of internal biological mechanisms that determine the state of metabolic processes, including those related to nutrient and energy consumption (chrononutrition). Chrononutrition is a type of food intake that is based on the chronotype: morning, intermediate, or evening type. The purpose of the study was to analyze and summarize data that characterize the effectiveness of chrononutrition under different dietary regimes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the main search of sources over the past 5 years, we used the bibliographic databases of the Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, as well as the non-commercial search engine Google Scholar. RESULTS: The review presents the results of studies on the chrononutrition effectiveness under various dietary regimes aimed at correcting excess body weight. A comparative assessment of the effect of low-calorie diets and intermittent fasting on anthropometric parameters and cardiometabolic risks in individuals with overweight and obesity has been conducted. No advantages of intermittent fasting over low-calorie diets have been found. The analysis of the data demonstrated the important role of a dietary pattern that is consistent with circadian rhythms in improving metabolic health. CONCLUSION: The features of chrononutrition must be taken into account when prescribing any dietary interventions, including low-calorie diets and time-limited eating strategies.
[Iodine and vitamin status, body composition in older persons living in Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)].
Beketova NA, Vrzhesinskaya OA, Kosheleva OV … +2 more , Lebedeva UM, Zhilinskaya NV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263360 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Optimizing the micronutrient status of older adults is an important component of maintaining healthy longevity. The objective was to study gender and age characteristics of iodine, vitamin A, E, B2 and β-caro...
UNLABELLED: Optimizing the micronutrient status of older adults is an important component of maintaining healthy longevity. The objective was to study gender and age characteristics of iodine, vitamin A, E, B2 and β-carotene status, as well as indicators of body component composition associated with aging in elderly indigenous people of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the autumn, a one-time examination of the micronutrient status of 53 women and 8 men aged 61-95 years (median - 75 years, indigenous residents of Yakutia) was conducted. The concentration of iodine in daily urine was determined by stripping voltammetry, in blood serum the level of riboflavin (vitamin B2) was determined by the fluorimetric titration with riboflavin-binding apoprotein, retinol (vitamin A), α- and γ-tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids (β-carotene) - by reversed-phase HPLC. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of body composition was performed using the InBody S10 analyzer. RESULTS: Reduced iodine status (excretion <100 μg/l) was observed in the majority of elderly individuals - 92.5%, vitamin B2 (riboflavin <5 ng/ml) - in 31.9%, vitamin E (α + γ-tocopherols <0.8 mg/dl) - 6.1% and carotenoids (β-carotene <10 μg/dl) - 22.4%. All subjects were provided with vitamin A (retinol >30 μg/dl). Combined deficiency of 3 micronutrients (most often iodine, vitamin B2 and β-carotene) was detected in 14.9% of citizens. In a subgroup of elderly women aged ≥75 years moderate (not mild) iodine deficiency was detected more often than in women 60-74 years old, while vitamin B2 deficiency was detected less often (p<0.05). There was a positive relationship (p<0.05) between the age of women and serum β-carotene level, as well as between the concentration of α-tocopherol, on the one hand, and the levels of γ-tocopherol and β-carotene, on the other. A negative correlation was found between the serum retinol level and some BIA body composition indices: extracellular water component (ECW; -0.466, p=0.002), minerals component (-0.420, p=0.006), bone mineral component (BMC; -0.405, p=0.009), soft lean mass (SLM; -0.408, p=0.008), fat free mass (FFM; -0.433, p=0.005), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM; -0.398, p=0.010). In women with 76.3-110.9 μg/dL serum retinol level (quartile IV), the mass of the ECW, minerals and BMC, SLM, FFM and SMM were significantly lower (p<0.05) than in those examined with retinol levels in the range of 30-63 μg/dL (quartiles I and II). CONCLUSION: Iodine and vitamin B2 deficiency are most common in elderly indigenous people of Yakutia; iodine deficiency worsens with age. In women aged ≥60 years, elevated serum retinol level (>80 μg/dl) was associated with negative changes in body composition parameters associated with aging. In elderly individuals, serum retinol levels above the upper norm limit should probably be considered as a diagnostically significant marker of increased risk of sarcopenia. The rationale for expanding measures to eliminate deficiency of iodine and B vitamins, and to correct excess vitamin A intake in order to prevent age-related alimentary diseases in elderly people living in Yakutia is substantiated.
[The influence of vitamin D status on anxiety and depression in students in different seasons of the year].
Tarasov AV, Rakhmanov RS, Skoblina NA … +1 more , Bogomolova ES
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263359 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The academic demands and lifestyle of university students contribute to the development of stress, anxiety, and depression, with micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D insufficiency, among the contri...
UNLABELLED: The academic demands and lifestyle of university students contribute to the development of stress, anxiety, and depression, with micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamin D insufficiency, among the contributing risk factors. The aim of the research was to evaluate the impact of vitamin D status on anxiety and depression in students by season. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study was conducted in September-October (n=100, including 64 girls and 36 boys) and April-May (n=94, including 70 girls and 24 boys) among students of 1st-5th years. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), with scores ≤7 indicating no clinically significant symptoms, 8-10 - subclinical symptoms, and ≥11 - clinically significant symptoms. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: Anxiety and depression were recorded in 25.0 and 11.0% of students in autumn, increasing to 50.0 and 29.8% in spring, respectively. In spring, the prevalence of clinically significant anxiety (from 6.0±2.5 to 25.5±4.5%, p=0.001) and subclinical depression (from 9.0±3.0 to 24.5±4.3%, p=0.001) rose. Median 25(OH)D level was 1.9-fold lower in spring than in autumn (10.16 [8.02; 13.85] vs 19.16 [16.41; 22.90] ng/ml, р<0.001) with no significant gender differences. The prevalence of severe deficiency increased 9.6-fold in spring, while insufficiency decreased 4.9-fold. In spring, the proportion of students with severe vitamin D deficiency increased from 8.4±3.5 to 54.2±6.7% among males and from 3.1±1.8 to 45.7±7.4% among females, while the prevalence of insufficiency decreased from 33.3±8.1 to 8.4±4.5% and from 37.5±7.9 to 7.1±3.6%, respectively. The correlation between vitamin D status and anxiety scores increased from weak to moderate (r =-0.39 to -0.56), and between vitamin D status and depression scores from very weak to moderate (r =-0.22 to -0.52); all correlations were statistically significant, supporting the role of vitamin D status in the development of these conditions. CONCLUSION: These findings support the implementation of biochemical screening to identify students with low vitamin D status and the initiation of supplementation at the beginning of the academic year.
[Nutritional support in the comprehensive management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in congenital epidermolysis bullosa].
Nikiforov MV, Pleshkov AS, Kornev VI … +6 more , Machs VM, Shushakova OV, Orlova OS, Zinovev GV, Drozdovskaya DA, Anokhina EM
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263358 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Congenital epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by blistering and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes. The dystrophic form of EB is particularly associat...
UNLABELLED: Congenital epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by blistering and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes. The dystrophic form of EB is particularly associated with severe complications including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and gastrointestinal tract involvement (esophageal strictures, malabsorption). These conditions frequently lead to protein-energy malnutrition, significantly worsening patient prognosis and quality of life. The purpose of the study was to present a clinical case of nutritional support implementation in a patient with dystrophic EB complicated by cSCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2015 to 2025, 79 EB patients (age range 18-74 years, mean age 29.4±11.1 years) were monitored at the Burn Department of the Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia. This cohort represented 62.6% of all registered EB cases in the Russian Federation. cSCC was diagnosed in 14 (17.7%) patients. We present a clinical case demonstrating the impact of nutritional support in an adult patient with dystrophic EB and cSCC. RESULTS: Timely nutritional intervention was shown to enhance wound healing and overall clinical status, reduce catabolic stress, optimize preparation for antitumor therapy. CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the critical importance of early nutritional support implementation within a multidisciplinary management approach for EB patients with oncological complications. The study demonstrates that appropriate nutritional intervention can significantly improve clinical outcomes in this challenging patient population.
[Nutritional status in patients with visual impairment and frailty].
Trofimova AA, Grjibovski AM, Popov VV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263357 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Geriatric care for the elderly assesses the patient's status using a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including questionnaires assessing nutritional, psychological and functional status, as well as screeni...
UNLABELLED: Geriatric care for the elderly assesses the patient's status using a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including questionnaires assessing nutritional, psychological and functional status, as well as screening examinations for deficits in sensory systems, including visual deficits. Nowadays, there is pure data on how visual deficits affect the development of certain geriatric syndromes in older people. The objectives of the research was to study the relationship between nutritional status and vision organ diseases, as well as mental status indicators assessed by screening methods in elderly patients of senile age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records with comprehensive geriatric assessment of patients (n=479, average age 80.1±0.2 years) have been studied. The pathology of the visual organ was assessed using standard ophthalmological examination methods necessary to make a diagnosis. To study nutritional status, cognitive impairment and likelihood of depression, a Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Geriatric Depression Scale survey were conducted respectively. The degree of frailty was determined by a geriatrician based on a set of geriatric syndromes. Associations between malnutrition and ophthalmic pathology were assessed in univariate analysis and subsequently using multiple logistic regression using odds ratios, both adjusted and unadjusted. RESULTS: The study included the records of 384 (80.2%) women, 95 (19.8%) men. Malnutrition was detected in 5 (1.0%) cases, the risk of malnutrition was shown in 169 (35.3%) patients without gender differences. The analysis revealed associations between the degree of frailty, age, mild cognitive impairment, depression and malnutrition. According to the results of logistic regression, nutritional problems were 82% more common in patients with glaucoma [OR 1.82, 95% CI (1.21-2.74), p=0.004], taking into account age and gender - 93% more often [OR 1.93, 95 CI (1.26-2.94), p=0.002]; 84% more likely in patients with secondary retinopathy (including diabetic) [OR 1.84, 95% CI (1.07-3.16), p=0.027], taking into account age and gender - 93% more often [OR 1.93, 95% CI (1.11-3.38), p=0.021]. CONCLUSION: Participants with malnutrition and visual deficits are more likely to experience cognitive impairment, depression and frailty. Secondary retinopathy and glaucoma can be used as ophthalmic pathology markers for the diagnosis of other geriatric impairments and this may serve as a basis for changing the routing of an elderly patient with visual pathology. Elderly patients with ophthalmic pathology require special attention in the construction of care management and a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and correction of geriatric syndromes.
[Effectiveness evaluation of the implementation of educational programs in the field of healthy nutrition in the Omsk Irtysh region adult population (2018-2023)].
Kozubenko OV, Menshchikova YV, Turchaninova MS … +3 more , Vilms EA, Brusentsova AV, Turchaninov DV
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263356 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The federal project «Strengthening public Health» of the national project «Demography» was implemented in 2018-2024, an essential part of which was the organization and implementation of educational training...
UNLABELLED: The federal project «Strengthening public Health» of the national project «Demography» was implemented in 2018-2024, an essential part of which was the organization and implementation of educational training (enlightenment) programs on healthy nutrition for various population groups. Omsk region has become one of the first five pilot Russian regions in this area, thanks to which some experience has been accumulated to solve an urgent scientific and practical task - assessing the effectiveness of educational measures, changes in the level of knowledge and skills in the field of healthy nutrition. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational programs on healthy nutrition in the Omsk region in 2018-2023. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the design of an epidemiological study of the «before-after» type on representative samples formed in 2018 (n=241) and in 2023 (n=506) from the general adult population. The level of knowledge and skills of applying the principles of healthy eating was assessed based on the results of data analysis obtained by a sociological survey. RESULTS: The positive changes that indicate the effectiveness of educational programs among the population of the region include an increase in knowledge about the structure of a healthy diet and the formation of practices in the field of healthy nutrition. The majority of respondents believe that vegetables, fruits and grain products should prevail in the diet structure (an increase from 46.9±3.1% of respondents in 2018 to 57.7±2.1% in 2023, p>0.05), it is necessary to reduce salt consumption (an increase from 57.3±2.5% to 65.2±2.0%, p=0.045), and the predominant use of iodized salt is noted (from 46.1±3.1% in 2018 to 58.1±2.1% in 2023, p<0.001). The leading criterion for choosing food in 2023 was its quality, taste habits were in second place, nutritional value was in third, and knowledge of the product usefulness was in fourth place. CONCLUSION: Against the background of activities within the framework of the implementation of training programs on healthy nutrition, the adult population of the region is developing ideas about the structure of a healthy diet. Although the media are the leading source of information for the general population, it should be noted that medical professionals have a significant influence on the formation of knowledge and ideas about healthy nutrition and their increasing role in this issue.
[Study of frequency and levels of mycotoxin contamination of fruit juices].
Sedova IB, Chalyy ZA, Spiridonova AL … +3 more , Kompaintseva DM, Keshabyants EE, Tutelyan VA
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263355 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Fruit juices and nectars are an integral part of the diet of the Russian population, especially children. Being a source of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and dietary fibers, at the same tim...
UNLABELLED: Fruit juices and nectars are an integral part of the diet of the Russian population, especially children. Being a source of antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, trace elements and dietary fibers, at the same time fruit and berries are a good substrate for the development of mold fungi capable of producing secondary metabolites with toxic and even carcinogenic properties - mycotoxins, which pose a real danger to human health. The aim of the research was studying of the nature of mycotoxins' contamination of fruit juices based on apples and grapes sold in the Russian market. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The content of 31 mycotoxins in 49 samples of fruit juices marketed in Moscow and Moscow region was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometric detection. RESULTS: Screening studies of fruit juices based on apples and grapes for mycotoxin content were carried out. The results obtained by multidetection method indicate the detection of at least one mycotoxin at relatively low levels in 39 samples; two or more mycotoxins - in 26 out of 49 tested samples. The spectrum of toxins found differed depending on the type of juice. Tenuazonic acid, mycophenolic acid, toxins T-2, HT-2 and alternariol were found more frequently. The detection of toxins (fumonisins, ochratoxin A, aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin, deoxynivalenol and patulin) at low levels of contamination, including in juice samples intended for children's nutrition, indicates the relatively low quality of fruit and berry raw materials used. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate the need to revise the technical requirements for fruit and berry raw materials in juice production industry. This is primarily necessary to prevent the inclusion of moldy and spoilage-prone fruit and berries, as well as to strengthen simultaneously control over product quality and safety, especially during storage and transportation intended for juice manufacturing.
[Age-associated accents of dietary patterns of the adult population. Results of the Russian epidemiological study ESSE-RF].
Karamnova NS, Shalnova SA, Shvabskaia OB … +10 more , Rytova AI, Rzhavtseva TS, Balanova YA, Evstifeeva SE, Imaeva AE, Kapustina AV, Kotova MB, Maksimov SA, Muromtseva GA, Drapkina OM
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263354 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: The results of many population studies note an association between the nature of nutrition and the age of the population. However, at the present stage there is a justified need to update these data. The aim...
UNLABELLED: The results of many population studies note an association between the nature of nutrition and the age of the population. However, at the present stage there is a justified need to update these data. The aim of the study was to screen the age-associated accents of the dietary patterns in adult population at the present stage with the Russian epidemiological study ESSE-RF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The male and female population aged 25-64 years (22,217 people, including 8,519 men and 13,698 women) from representative samples of 13 Russian Federation regions was examined. The response rate was about 80%. The dietary patterns were studied by the consumption frequency of the main food groups. The assessment of alcohol consumption was based on the frequency and quantity of their usual intake once and per week. RESULTS: Significant changes of the dietary patterns of Russians have been noted with age. Regardless of gender, consumption of red meat (p<0.005) and processed meat products (meat sausages and delicacies) (p<0.05), as well as products with added sugar (sweets, confectionery) (p<0.005), decreased with increasing age. The decrease in daily consumption of red meat in women was more pronounced than in men: from 41.4% at the age of 25-34 to 34.4% at the age of 55-64 (p<0.0001) in women compared with 53.8 to 49.7% (p=0.0065) in men, respectively. The frequency of consumption of any fish, fruit and vegetables, as well as cottage cheese, rose with increasing age. Unlike men, women's daily consumption of pickles (from 7.2% at the age of 25-34 to 10.3% at the age of 55-64, p<0.0001) and liquid dairy products (milk, fermented milk products; from 51.4 to 55.9% p=0.0002) elevated with increasing age versus 11.1-11.5 and 45.7-47.3%, respectively. Age trends of daily cereal consumption as the habit of adding salt to ready-made meals were statistically insignificant for both sexes. Despite the decrease in the high-salt food consumption, there was no decrease in the indicator of the integral assessment of Excess Salt Intake in the diet with age. CONCLUSION: Regardless of gender, the Russians' diet becomes more productive with increasing age: consumption of any fish, fruit/vegetables, cottage cheese increases and consumption of red meat and processed meat products decreases. However, the high salt content in the Russian's diet is unchanged with increasing age.
[The assessment of the consumption of food packaged in plastic containers].
Kudryavtseva KV, Martinchik AN, Shipelin VA … +5 more , Kraskevich DA, Gorbachev DO, Eliseev YY, Mitrokhin OV, Khotimchenko SA
Vopr Pitan · 2025 · PMID 41263353 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: Microplastics (MP) contamination of food has become a serious problem due to its increasing accumulation in ecosystems, including terrestrial and aquatic, as well as in organisms of living creatures, includin...
UNLABELLED: Microplastics (MP) contamination of food has become a serious problem due to its increasing accumulation in ecosystems, including terrestrial and aquatic, as well as in organisms of living creatures, including humans. MP can enter food such as water, milk, fish and seafood, which contributes to their entry into the human body and creates health risks. The main sources of contamination of food include the raw materials used and packaging or materials in contact with food during its transportation, cooking and storage. MP can be added or removed from food during processing and cooking. However, it is difficult to assess the total oral exposure to MP due to the lack of data on MP contamination in many other food groups. In addition, there is no data in the Russian Federation on the amounts of actual consumption of food packaged in plastic containers that may be contaminated with MP, which makes it relevant to study the scale of consumption of food groups in which microparticles are found most frequently. The purpose of the research was to assess the actual consumption of liquid products by the population of the Russian Federation, including dairy products, carbonated drinks, juices, mineral and drinking waters packaged in plastic containers as well as products in which, according to scientific data, the largest amounts of MP particles have been identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The assessment of food consumption was carried out using data obtained by analyzing the frequency of food consumption applying an online survey, which was based on a specially designed questionnaire. The survey was conducted on a voluntary basis among 494 respondents aged over 18 who lived in various regions. The data from the electronic survey was automatically stored in an Excel database. RESULTS: The obtained primary data on the frequency and volume of portions of consumed products, which were recalculated into average daily values - per capita and per consumer, and statistically processed. The average per capita consumption of water in plastic bottles was 411 ml/day, and per consumer - 497 ml/day. The average daily per capita consumption of milk in plastic bottles was 114 ml, in a tetrapack package - 68 ml. Milk consumption per consumer was 179 ml/day in a plastic bottle and 129 ml/day in a tetrapack package. There was also a high frequency of tea bag consumption. The average daily consumption of sugary carbonated and non-carbonated beverages was 81 and 55 ml, respectively. Among the products obtained from the aquatic ecosystem, boiled/ fried fish was the most consumed product - 16.9 g/day. However, the consumption of oysters (68.8 g/day) and mussels (29.9 g/day) per consumer was higher (this is due to the small number of consumers, n=30 and n=118, respectively). In general, the consumption of products packaged in plastic containers varied depending on the product category. CONCLUSION: The developed online questionnaire made it possible to assess the consumption of liquid food packaged in plastic containers, as well as products in which the highest quantities of MP particles were detected. The largest volume of liquid products packaged in plastic containers is accounted for by water and packaged tea. At the same time, there is a significant variation in consumption volumes, which is related to the individual preferences and habits of the respondents. Dairy products and sugary drinks are consumed in smaller volumes, but they also remain significant. Energy drinks, although consumed less frequently, are in high demand among consumers. Using the data obtained after quantifying the MP content in food will allow us to get closer to calculating the total oral MP exposure of the urban population of the Russian Federation. The need to expand the groups of respondents living in other regions remains urgent.
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