Photodiagnosis And Photodynamic Therapy[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Agreement of anterior segment parameters measured by Scheimpflug-based Scansys and Pentacam HR: A prospective, cross-sectional comparative study.
Liao Y, Li P, Si L … +5 more , Shen Z, Yang S, Yuan Z, Zhang B, Xie L
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42173332 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the repeatability, differences, and agreement between Scansys and Pentacam HR for measuring anterior segment parameters. METHODS: This prospective consistency evalua...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the repeatability, differences, and agreement between Scansys and Pentacam HR for measuring anterior segment parameters. METHODS: This prospective consistency evaluation study evaluated 222 patients' right eyes at our hospital from October to December 2025, analyzing anterior segment parameters with Scansys and Pentacam HR through three scans per eye. Measurement repeatability for both devices was assessed. Differences between devices were analyzed, and agreement was evaluated. RESULTS: Both Scansys and Pentacam HR demonstrated excellent measurement repeatability (ICC >0.9). No significant differences were observed in corneal curvature between the two devices. Although significant differences in corneal thickness, horizontal white-to-white (HWTW), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle, and corneal volume were noted, these were clinically insignificant. Meanwhile, Q value, pupil diameter (PD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were significantly different. Agreement analysis showed that key parameters (corneal curvature, corneal astigmatism, corneal thickness, and corneal volume) demonstrated excellent agreement between devices (ICC >0.9; narrow 95% limits of agreement). However, agreement was poor for corneal asphericity, ACV, and PD (ICC <0.75). HWTW and ACD showed good agreement, but their 95% limits of agreement were wide. CONCLUSION: Scansys has good stability, and its measurements of corneal curvature and thickness align well with Pentacam HR, allowing safe interchange. However, parameters like corneal asphericity, ACV, and PD show poor consistency and should not be used interchangeably. Caution is warranted when using HWTW and ACD interchangeably in high-precision applications. Taken together, this study supports rational device selection in clinical practice.
Multimodal fundus features of Acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome in Han Chinese population introduction.
Peng H, Wang X, Lv Q … +1 more , Peng S
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42173331 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to characterize the multimodal imaging features of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (AVKH) in Han Chinese patients, with the expectation of providing valuable references for the clinical diagn...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to characterize the multimodal imaging features of acute Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (AVKH) in Han Chinese patients, with the expectation of providing valuable references for the clinical diagnosis, disease monitoring, and research on the pathological mechanisms of AVKH. METHODS: We enrolled newly diagnosed Han Chinese AVKH patients meeting revised criteria. All patients underwent multicolor imaging fundus photography (MCIFP), fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). We analyzed the incidence and coexistence patterns of typical fundus features. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients (61 eyes) were included for MCIFP, 28 (55 eyes) for FFA, and 29 (58 eyes) for OCT. The detection rate of neurosensory retinal detachment (NSRD) differed significantly among modalities (< 0.05): OCT (91.4%) > MCIFP (81.9%) > FFA (74.5%). On MCIFP, retinal striae (RS) and optic disc edema (ODE) were present in 80.3% and 32.2% of eyes, respectively, with NSRD+RS as the most frequent pattern. On FFA, pinpoint hyperfluorescent spots (PHS) and optic disc staining (ODS) each occurred in 85.5%, and all eyes showed ≥2 coexisting features. On OCT, internal limiting membrane (ILM) fluctuation was highly common (89.7%), and NSRD combined with ILM fluctuation was observed in 81.0% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Han Chinese AVKH patients mainly present with multiple coexisting fundus features, with no isolated finding on FFA. NSRD, RS, PHS, ODE, and ILM fluctuation are core hallmarks. We recommend a complementary multimodal pathway: MCIFP for initial screening, FFA for evaluating inflammatory activity, and OCT for assessing microstructural injury and follow-up.
A fiber balloon catheter for uniform light delivery in intraductal photodynamic therapy of bile duct tumors.
Lu Y, Liu G, Zhao M … +6 more , Jiang L, Wu R, Lyu Y, Zhang X, Pang L, Wang R
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42173330 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Intraductal photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for bile duct tumors, but clinical efficacy is limited by uneven intraductal light distribution and light dose attenuation in...
BACKGROUND: Intraductal photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising minimally invasive treatment for bile duct tumors, but clinical efficacy is limited by uneven intraductal light distribution and light dose attenuation induced by intraluminal blood and bile. OBJECTIVE: To develop an optical transmission device for intraductal PDT of bile duct tumors and optimize the light irradiation strategy. METHODS: The power density distribution was analyzed by COMSOL simulation, and laser attenuation by blood and bile was quantified using an integrating sphere power meter. A fiber-balloon catheter was constructed and evaluated in two pigs that received hematoporphyrin derivative (2 mg/kg) 48 h preoperatively. Under cholangiographic guidance, the device was inserted via enterotomy, and laser irradiation was delivered at 100 mW/cm² for 1200 s. Histopathology was assessed at 3 days post-PDT. RESULTS: Blood and bile caused 32.5 % to 45.8 % laser power attenuation. In a 1-cm-diameter duct, eccentric fiber positioning produced 2- to 3-fold wall power density variations. The balloon catheter maintained stable central fiber positioning, expelled intraluminal fluids, and caused no adverse events. Histopathology revealed circumferential, uniform bile duct epithelial necrosis at 3 days post-PDT. CONCLUSIONS: The cylindrical fiber balloon catheter is safe and feasible, and it can effectively improve the uniformity of light irradiation during intraductal PDT for bile duct tumors.
Precise staging of diabetic retinopathy through machine learning analysis of leakage source characteristics: A Radiomics-driven approach integrating OCT-A and FFA.
Ramezanzadeh E, Zare H, Shoeibi N … +5 more , Moattar MH, Shariati MM, Dourandeesh M, Toosi MHB, Tavakoli M
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42167392 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Evaluating retinal fundus image for diabetic retinopathy (DR) assessment is used to reduce the risk of blindness among diabetic patients. To do this, DR staging is one of the challenging tasks in screening...
INTRODUCTION: Evaluating retinal fundus image for diabetic retinopathy (DR) assessment is used to reduce the risk of blindness among diabetic patients. To do this, DR staging is one of the challenging tasks in screening DR that includes the assessment of disease severity or progression. We introduce a novel Radiomics and machine learning algorithm (MLA) framework that analyzes localized vascular leakage sources in Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images, using fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) as reference, to noninvasively stage DR. By extracting 23 optimized features from leakage-prone regions and employing X-Gradient (XGboost), Adaptive Boost, and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) classifiers, our approach achieves unprecedented accuracy in differentiating moderate NPDR to early proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHOD: We developed a novel radiomic and MLA framework to extract features (vascular, image-based, and clinical) from leakage source regions in OCT-A images identified by corresponding FFA images. XGboost, Adaptive Boost, MLP classifier were created to evaluate their diagnostic accuracy for different DR stages. MLA performance was comprehensively evaluated via multiple metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, AUC, sensitivity, specificity) and visualized through confusion matrices (CMs) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to ensure robust clinical applicability. RESULT: A dataset of 99 patients and 179 images was included. For staging in DR, the highest accuracy (96.6 ± 1.4% [95% CI: 93.9 - 99.3%]) and AUC (98.9 ± 0.5%) were observed for the XGBoost classifier with all image-based features alone. The MLP performed better with vascular and clinical features. (Accuracy: 92.5 ± 3.2%92.5[95% CI: 86.2 - 98.8%], AUC: 95.2%) Entropy, Haralick, GLCM, eccentricity, vessel branch, vessel density, tortuosity (combining geometric analysis and wavelet transform), fractal dimension analysis (combining box counting and wavelet-based), and fast blood sugar emerged as particularly significant discriminative features across DR stages. CONCLUSION: Our approach identifies distinctive vascular and textural biomarkers-including hybrid fractal dimension, vessel tortuosity, and Haralick features-that effectively differentiate DR stages while providing new pathophysiological insights into microvascular remodeling in leakage-prone areas. By bridging non-invasive OCT-A with leakage-specific assessment, this method offers a clinically viable tool for early detection, progression prediction, and personalized DR management. Although limited by macular-centric scans and exclusion of very early/advanced stages, our findings establish a foundation for future multi-center studies with wider fields of view. This work represents a significant advance toward AI-enhanced ophthalmology, paving the way for actionable diagnostic paradigms in diabetic eye disease.
The macular microvasculature evaluated by OCTA in various stages of keratoconus compared to healthy controls: A cross-sectional study.
Sorkhabi R, Mostafaie A, Ahoor MH … +7 more , Teymoorpoor A, Beyrami R, Rezazadeh E, Salek R, Abed Nikmanesh S, Attar Gharamaleki T, Arasteh A
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42167391 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the macular microvasculature and thickness in keratoconus (KCN) cases with various stagings and compare them with healthy controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: 110 eyes of 57 KCN cases (35...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the macular microvasculature and thickness in keratoconus (KCN) cases with various stagings and compare them with healthy controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: 110 eyes of 57 KCN cases (35 males and 22 females) and 150 eyes of 75 controls (25 males and 50 females) entered this cross-sectional study. After a thorough ophthalmic examination and corneal tomography with Pentacam, KCN cases were staged using the Amsler-Krumeich classification. All included eyes underwent macular OCTA using the RTVue XR Avanti system, evaluating vessel density in the superficial and deep capillary plexus (SCP and DCP) in various macular segments, the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and the foveal flow area. Linear mixed-effect models were used to compare parameters between groups, adjusted for age and sex, while accounting for inter-eye correlation. RESULTS: In the KCN group, the majority of eyes were in stages 2 and 4 of KCN, 34 eyes (30.9%) in each stage. 22 eyes (20%) were in stage 1, and 20 eyes (18.2%) were in stage 3. The macular vessel density (VD) adjusted for age and gender was significantly lower in KCN cases compared to the controls in all areas in both superficial and deep capillary plexus, except the parafoveal DCP VD, which showed no significant difference. However, macular thickness did not differ significantly between KCN cases and controls. The macular VD in most areas was also significantly lower in stage 4 cases than in stage 1 cases. CONCLUSION: This finding supports the concept that keratoconus may involve posterior segment microvascular alterations in addition to corneal ectasia. Future prospective studies applying standardized OCTA protocols and longitudinal follow-up are needed to determine whether these changes have prognostic value or demonstrate a broader systemic phenotype.
Hypertransmission as a biomarker for predicting postoperative microstructure and function of idiopathic macular hole.
Yue H, Shi Y, Fan Z … +1 more , Zhang X
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42155798 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To observe choroidal hypertransmission in idiopathic macular hole (IMH) before and after surgery using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to assess its correlation with retinal microstruc...
PURPOSE: To observe choroidal hypertransmission in idiopathic macular hole (IMH) before and after surgery using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and to assess its correlation with retinal microstructure and visual outcomes to determine whether hypertransmission can serve as a biomarker for predicting IMH prognosis. METHODS: This retrospective, observational study included patients diagnosed with IMH at Shanxi Eye Hospital between January 2019 and December 2020, who successfully achieved hole closure after vitrectomy, and had complete follow-up data. SD-OCT was used to assess baseline and postoperative retinal structures, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded. The follow-up time was 3-52 months. RESULTS: Fifty-four eyes (53 patients) were enrolled. On preoperative SD-OCT, 41 eyes (75.9 %) showed hypertransmission, with no differences in duration, MH stage, base diameter, pre- and postoperative BCVA, or restoration of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) between patients with and without preoperative hypertransmission (p > 0.05). With or without hypertransmission on postoperative SD-OCT were 17 and 37 eyes showed significant differences in duration (p = 0.001), base diameter (p = 0.001), and baseline BCVA (p = 0.029), as well as in the intraoperative inner limiting membrane procedure (p = 0.012) and tamponade (p = 0.021). Multivariate regression analysis showed that only base diameter was associated with postoperative hypertransmission (p = 0.024, odds ratio [OR] = 1.004, 95 %CI 1.001-1.008). The ELM (17/20) and EZ (17/51) lines in 17 eyes with postoperative hypertransmission were not restored at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Larger base diameter, poorer retinal microstructure, and visual acuity were associated with postoperative hypertransmission, indicating its potential as a biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with IMH.
Region-specific choroidal vascular alterations in diabetes revealed by ultra-wide-field swept-source OCTA.
Yang S, Zhang Y, Sun R … +4 more , Xu N, Lu L, Wang D, Cao M
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42155797 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To compare choroidal vascular alterations using ultra-wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-SS-OCTA) between diabetic eyes and control eyes, and to evaluate their associated facto...
PURPOSE: To compare choroidal vascular alterations using ultra-wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-SS-OCTA) between diabetic eyes and control eyes, and to evaluate their associated factors and diagnostic relevance. METHODS: UWF-SS-OCTA (24 × 20 mm) was performed in non-diabetic controls (NDM), diabetic patients without retinopathy (NDR), and patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). The scan area was divided into nine regions. Choroidal vascularity index (CVI), choroidal vascular volume per unit area (CVV/a), choroidal stromal volume per unit area (CSV/a), and choroidal stromal index (CSI) were compared among groups. Associations with clinical variables were analysed, and diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS: Mean CVI was significantly reduced in diabetic eyes, including NDR, compared with controls. The nasal-superior region showed the most pronounced reductions in CVI, CVV/a, and CSV/a. These parameters were negatively associated with age and independently influenced by diabetic status. CVI and CVV/a demonstrated good discrimination between diabetic and non-diabetic eyes but did not distinguish NDR from NPDR. CONCLUSION: Region-specific choroidal vascular impairment occurs early in diabetes. Nasal-superior CVI and CVV/a may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of early diabetic choroidopathy.
Corrigendum to "Comprehensive Visualization of Choroidal Microvessels and Nerve Structure in Graves' Disease without Clinical Ophthalmopathy Using Ultra-Widefield OCT Angiography" [PDPDT 2026 Apr 2;59:105453].
Liang J, Mao Y, Du T … +1 more , Peng J
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42151029 · Publisher ↗
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Antibiofilm effect of Curcuma longa L. extract in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against Enterococcus faecalis.
Cullash Luza ACH, Salazar Salvatierra ME, Luza Montero SC … +4 more , Castro Yanahida JE, Gutierrez Leiva AC, Temoche Rosales CA, Colchado Carhuavilca JR
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42142792 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Enterococcus faecalis is associated with persistent endodontic infections due to its ability to form resistant biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative approa...
BACKGROUND: Enterococcus faecalis is associated with persistent endodontic infections due to its ability to form resistant biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has emerged as a promising alternative approach. This study evaluated the antibiofilm activity of an ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. against E. faecalis ATCC 29,212, with and without aPDT. METHODS: An in vitro biofilm model was used. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) was determined. Biofilms were treated with the C. longa extract (7.81-2000 µg/mL) under LED irradiation (aPDT) and without light activation. Chlorhexidine (2%) served as a positive control while untreated biofilms served as negative control. Biofilm biomass was quantified by optical density, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The MBIC was 62.5 µg/mL. aPDT significantly reduced biofilm formation compared to the negative control (p < 0.001). The highest inhibitory effects were observed at 31.25 and 62.5 µg/mL, with effects comparable to those of 2% chlorhexidine under in vitro conditions. The highest concentration (2000 µg/mL) showed reduced activity and a potential paradoxical, concentration-dependent effect. Without light activation, the extract also showed antibiofilm activity, but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: Curcuma longa L. exhibits concentration-dependent antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis, enhanced by aPDT. Reduced efficacy at higher concentrations may be related to aggregation and self-quenching of curcumin. Despite chlorhexidine remaining the clinical reference, C. longa showed comparable effects at optimal concentrations. Limitations include the absence of a light-only control, lack of CFU confirmation, and potential staining risk.
Understanding post-publication retractions - Implications for scientific integrity and scholarly accountability.
Javed F, Almas K
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42142791 · Publisher ↗
Post-publication retractions have become an increasingly visible and contentious feature of contemporary academic publishing. Despite the rigorous expectations of peer review and editorial oversight, recent bibliometric...
Post-publication retractions have become an increasingly visible and contentious feature of contemporary academic publishing. Despite the rigorous expectations of peer review and editorial oversight, recent bibliometric analyses show that retractions have increased over the past two decades, with misconduct accounting for most cases. Yet authors are disproportionately held accountable for rejections, while institutional failures, inadequate research governance, and compromised or superficial peer review often remain unaddressed. This commentary critically examines the multifactorial reasons for article retractions, including honest or unintentional mistakes, scientific misconduct, compromised image or data integrity, authorship violations, editorial lapses, and political influence. The commentary also highlights the extent to which such events expose systemic weaknesses across journals, institutions, and regulatory frameworks. To address these challenges, future recommendations, including enhanced editorial accountability, stronger institutional integrity frameworks, standardized retraction procedures, article processing fee reform policies, and global guidelines outlining shared responsibility for research integrity have been proposed. Although post-publication retractions serve as an essential corrective mechanism in scholarly publishing, the multifactorial nature of retractions underscores the need for a shared-responsibility framework rather than an author-centric attribution of blame.
Orthokeratology in children with myopia and intermittent exotropia: the Nanjing strabismus cohort.
Li T, Zuo X, Tang H … +3 more , Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang Z
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42140332 · Publisher ↗
AIM: To assess the impact of orthokeratology on myopia progression, exotropia conditions and visual function in children with myopia and intermittent exotropia. METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited children a...
AIM: To assess the impact of orthokeratology on myopia progression, exotropia conditions and visual function in children with myopia and intermittent exotropia. METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited children aged 8-13 years with myopia and intermittent exotropia who chose to wear either orthokeratology lenses or single-vision spectacles. Participants underwent ocular assessments every 3 months over 1 year. Generalized estimating equations was employed to account for inter-eye correlation. RESULTS: Orthokeratology group had slower axial elongation than single-vision spectacle group at 1 year (0.24 mm vs. 0.40 mm; difference = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.25, -0.09; P < 0.001). In the orthokeratology vs. spectacle group, respectively, the mean change was -5.03 prism diopters (PD) vs. 1.77 PD (difference = -6.81, 95% CI: -9.38, -4.23; P < 0.001) in distant exodeviation, -4.11 PD vs. 0.39 PD (difference = -4.50, 95% CI: -8.28, -0.72; P = 0.02) in near exodeviation, -0.28 vs. 0.22 (difference = -0.49, 95% CI: -1.00, 0.02; P = 0.06) in distant exotropia control, and -0.25 vs. 0.26 (difference = -0.51, 95% CI: -0.98, -0.05; P = 0.03) in near exotropia control at 1 year. Improved accommodative functions were observed in the orthokeratology group at 1 year, including monocular accommodative facility (P = 0.004), negative relative accommodation (P = 0.02), and positive relative accommodation (P = 0.02). No serious adverse effect was observed throughout the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: In children with myopia and intermittent exotropia, orthokeratology may be recommended for its efficacy in controlling myopia progression, and for its potential to improve or maintain exotropia conditions.
Prospective evaluation of iridocorneal angle and anterior segment changes following lower eyelid blepharoplasty: evidence of transient, reversible ocular biomechanical alterations.
İritaş İ, Karataş E
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42140331 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To investigate early postoperative changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment morphology, after lower eyelid blepharoplasty, and to determine whether these alterations are transient or persistent...
PURPOSE: To investigate early postoperative changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and anterior segment morphology, after lower eyelid blepharoplasty, and to determine whether these alterations are transient or persistent. To our knowledge, this is among the first studies to prospectively quantify ICA dynamics following lower eyelid surgery. METHODS: This prospective study included 33 eyes of 33 patients undergoing lower eyelid blepharoplasty between November 2024 and February 2025. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Scheimpflug-based tomography assessed central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), iridocorneal angle (ICA), axial length (AL), and pupil diameter (PD) preoperatively and on postoperative days 1 and 7. Nonparametric statistics were used (Friedman test with Holm-adjusted Wilcoxon post-hoc comparisons). RESULTS: A significant transient IOP elevation was observed on postoperative day 1 (p < 0.001), normalizing by day 7 (p = 0.94). The ICA significantly narrowed from 33.56° to 30.03° on day 1 (p < 0.001) and partially reopened to 33.27° by day 7 (p < 0.001). Similar reversible reductions were found in ACD, AL, and ACV (all p < 0.001). CCT and PD remained stable (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Lower eyelid blepharoplasty induces short-lived biomechanical changes in anterior segment configuration, most notably a transient narrowing of the iridocorneal angle, an underreported finding in blepharoplasty literature. These reversible alterations likely result from temporary orbital pressure changes rather than structural damage. Preoperative gonioscopy and postoperative IOP monitoring are advisable, especially in glaucoma or narrow-angle suspects.
Adjunctive repeated low-level red-light therapy enhances structural outcomes in optical myopia control: A meta-analysis.
Zhang N, You Y, Li R … +1 more , Shi B
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42140330 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy, a photobiomodulation approach for myopia control, has shown potential in modulating choroidal and axial structures. Recent studies have combined RLRL with optical...
BACKGROUND: Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy, a photobiomodulation approach for myopia control, has shown potential in modulating choroidal and axial structures. Recent studies have combined RLRL with optical interventions such as orthokeratology (OK) and defocus incorporated multiple segment (DIMS) spectacles. However, the efficacy and safety of these combinations remain unclear. This study synthesized current evidence on RLRL combined with optical interventions for pediatric myopia control. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data was conducted up to July 14, 2025. Randomized and cohort studies comparing RLRL combined with OK or DIMS versus monotherapy were included. Primary outcomes were axial length (AL), spherical equivalent refraction (SER), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFChT). Fixed- or random-effects models were used based on heterogeneity. Risk of bias was assessed with ROB2 and ROBINS-I. RESULTS: Eight studies were included. Compared with optical monotherapy, combination therapy was associated with reduced axial elongation, slower SER progression, and greater increases in SFChT. Structural changes were observed as early as 1 month and persisted through 12 months. No significant differences were detected in short-term ocular surface adverse events. However, heterogeneity and regional concentration of data were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive RLRL therapy may enhance optical myopia control effects, particularly in reducing axial elongation and increasing choroidal thickness, possibly through choroidal modulation. These findings should be viewed as early biological signals, not definitive evidence of long-term superiority. Larger multicenter randomized trials with extended follow-up are needed to confirm durability, safety, and dose-response characteristics.
Diagnostic value of Sirius Scheimpflug-Placido corneal tomography in keratoconus and subclinical keratoconus.
Dal A, Postacı SA, Akikol T … +1 more , Kutluksaman B
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42114630 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal threshold values of anterior and posterior corneal parameters obtained with the Sirius+ Scheimpflug-Placido tomography system in detecting clinical keratoconus (K...
PURPOSE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal threshold values of anterior and posterior corneal parameters obtained with the Sirius+ Scheimpflug-Placido tomography system in detecting clinical keratoconus (KCN) and subclinical keratoconus (sKCN). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 112 eyes (40 KCN, 32 sKCN, and 40 healthy controls) were classified based on clinical and tomographic findings. Corneal tomography was performed using the Sirius+ system under standardized conditions. The evaluated parameters included anterior and posterior symmetry indices (SIf, SIb), anterior and posterior keratoconus vertex values (KVf, KVb), and minimum corneal thickness (THKmin). Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and optimal cut-off values. RESULTS: THKmin progressively decreased from controls to sKCN and KCN (528.08 ± 36.26, 479.30 ± 32.55, and 455.75 ± 37.76 µm, respectively; p ≤ 0.001). Conversely, SIf and SIb values increased significantly across groups (SIf: 0.21±0.36, 1.19±0.82, 3.86±3.09 D; SIb: 0.05±0.07, 0.37±0.39, 1.01±0.65 D; all p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, KVf and KVb values showed a progressive increase, with KVb demonstrating marked elevation in KCN (p < 0.001). For differentiating sKCN from controls, SIb showed the highest diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.934), with 90.0% sensitivity and 85.0% specificity at a cutoff value of >0.11 D Conclusion: Posterior corneal parameters derived from Sirius+ tomography, particularly SIb and KVb, demonstrated superior diagnostic performance in detecting both clinical and subclinical keratoconus. Posterior surface-based multiparametric analysis may improve early detection and should be incorporated into routine tomographic evaluation.
Effect of photodynamic therapy on accumulation of Streptococcus mutans on the surface of orthodontic composite used in fixed retainers: An in vitro study.
Moradi Cherati Z, Ghadirian H, Saberi S … +2 more , Afrasiabi S, Keshvad MA
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42105970 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) on accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on the surface of orthodontic composite used in fixed retainers. MATERIALS...
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) on accumulation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) on the surface of orthodontic composite used in fixed retainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, 60 Ortho Connect Flow composite discs were evaluated in two groups (n = 30) of fresh and aged (by thermocycling and toothbrushing). Composite discs in each group were inoculated with S. mutans, and evaluated in 5 subgroups (n = 6) of control, diode laser alone (660 nm, 200 mW, 400 mW/cm, 24 J/cm, continuous-wave mode, for 60 s), methylene blue (MB = 100 µg/mL), PDT with diode laser (with the aforementioned parameters) and MB, and 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX). After the treatments, S. mutans colonies were counted, and data were analyzed by three-way and two-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The CHX group showed the lowest colony count. The effects of 660 nm diode laser, MB, and their interaction (PDT) on colony count were all significant (P < 0.05). The PDT group also showed a significantly lower colony count than other groups (P < 0.05). The difference in colony count between the fresh and aged discs was not significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this in vitro study showed that PDT with 660 nm diode laser (with the aforementioned parameters) and MB significantly prevented the accumulation of S. mutans on the surface of orthodontic composite, and may be suitable as an adjunct for biofilm control.
From disinfection to pain control: expanding the clinical role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in endodontics.
Zonca ALG, d'Afonseca MS, da Silva CWLB … +2 more , Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Sivieri-Araujo G
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42105969 · Publisher ↗
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Clinical application of photodynamic therapy in endometrial hyperplastic diseases: a review.
Li L, Titova NR, Slovokhodov EK … +6 more , Voronina YY, Kaviladze MG, Meng M, Sheshukova NA, Deshchenko OV, Levakov SA
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42105968 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a common precancerous condition in gynecology. Conventional treatments are limited by recurrence, side effects, and fertility concerns. Photodynamic therapy (PDT...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a common precancerous condition in gynecology. Conventional treatments are limited by recurrence, side effects, and fertility concerns. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive and lesion-selective treatment, has emerged as a promising alternative. This review will summarize the clinical applications of PDT in EH and evaluate its diagnostic and therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature was systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov using the search terms 'endometrial hyperplasia', 'endometrial hyperplasia disease', 'endometrial disease', 'photodynamic therapy', and 'photodynamic diagnosis'. Articles related to PDT or photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) published between 1978 and 2025 were collected. Additionally, the bibliographies of relevant papers were manually screened to identify further eligible studies. RESULTS: Of the 11 included articles on endometrial hyperplasia diseases, 7 were therapeutic studies and 4 were diagnostic studies. PDT using various photosensitizers (Photogem, 5-ALA, and Photoditazin) demonstrated complete remission rates ranging from 68 % to 94 %, with recurrence rates between 6 % and 33 %. Among 17 patients who attempted pregnancy after PDT, 4 achieved 7 pregnancies resulting in 6 live births. In addition, hysteroscopic PDD demonstrated high diagnostic value in distinguishing endometrial lesions and guiding targeted intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy offers a minimally invasive, fertility-preserving alternative for the management of endometrial hyperplastic diseases. Its ability to integrate diagnosis and treatment, adapt to personalized regimens, and be combined with other modalities positions PDT as a promising strategy in gynecologic precision medicine. Continued innovation, standardization of treatment parameters, and expansion of clinical evidence are essential for routine adoption.
Traditional Chinese medicine constitution and physical fitness-based strategies for adolescent myopia prevention and control.
Gong H, Yu H, Cheng FF … +5 more , Li J, Xiong SM, Cheng JS, Pang L, Deng HW
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42097436 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution represents a relatively stable individual characteristic, whereas physical fitness reflects overall physical condition. Both factors have been associated with ad...
OBJECTIVE: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution represents a relatively stable individual characteristic, whereas physical fitness reflects overall physical condition. Both factors have been associated with adolescent health and disease susceptibility. This study examined the associations among TCM constitution, physical fitness, and myopia in school-aged children to identify potential avenues for myopia prevention and control. METHODS: A total of 1207 children aged 7-14 years from a primary school in Shenzhen were included in 2025. Data from annual routine campus physical fitness assessments were collected, along with vision screening results, axial length (AL) measurements, and responses to TCM constitution questionnaires. Relationships among TCM constitution, physical fitness, and myopia were preliminarily evaluated. RESULTS: Among the 1207 participants, 788 completed the TCM constitution questionnaire. Based on the responses, constitutions were categorized as either balanced or biased. Comparison of physical fitness assessment results between these two groups demonstrated a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.034). Data from the right eyes were analyzed for myopia-related indicators. Children with a balanced constitution had a significantly lower proportion of abnormal ocular axial length, with a significant difference observed (p = 0.045). No significant differences were found in spherical equivalent refraction or the AL/corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio across constitution types. However, among children with varying levels of physical fitness, significant differences were found in spherical equivalent refraction (p = 0.006) and AL/CR ratio (p = 0.024), while no significant difference was observed in AL. CONCLUSION: Both TCM constitution and physical fitness were associated with specific myopia-related indicators in children aged 7-14 years. These findings suggest that consideration of TCM constitution and physical fitness may inform new strategies for the management and prevention of myopia in school-aged populations.
Combined Mohs micrographic surgery and 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for nasal ala basal cell carcinoma: A case report.
Liang Z, Xu X, Huang Y … +2 more , Sun Z, Han J
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42097435 · Publisher ↗
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin malignancy, often occurring in cosmetically sensitive facial areas. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with BCC of the right nasal ala. The lesion had persisted for nine y...
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common skin malignancy, often occurring in cosmetically sensitive facial areas. We report a case of a 46-year-old woman with BCC of the right nasal ala. The lesion had persisted for nine years, gradually enlarging, with recent ulceration and crusting. Skin biopsy confirmed BCC. The patient underwent Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), with the wound left to heal by secondary intention for 48 h, followed by sequential 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) once weekly for five consecutive weeks. A freshly prepared 20 % 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) solution (118 mg, Shanghai Fudan-Zhangjiang Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd) was topically applied to the entire open defect of the right nasal ala and its 0.5 cm peripheral marginal area, occluded with aluminum foil to block light, and incubated for 3 h. After removal of the covering, the area was irradiated with 635-nm red light at 80 mW/cm²and 120 J/cm² for 20 min (Wuhan Yage Optic and Electronic Technique Co., Ltd). Approximately 5 months and 12 days after the final PDT session, repeat histopathology showed no residual tumor, and hypertrophic scar formation was observed. No recurrence or further BCC was noted during the 5-year follow-up. This case demonstrates that MMS combined with ALA-PDT can achieve effective local tumor control while preserving function and optimizing cosmetic outcome for BCCs larger than 1 cm in aesthetically sensitive facial areas.
Fourier transform infrared spectra and machine learning to detect low HER2 expression in breast cancer plasma.
Klongkleaw K, Chatchawal P, Tippayawat P … +2 more , Techasen A, Wongwattanakul M
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 42092436 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: In patients with breast cancer, tumors showing low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression may not demonstrate clinical benefits from chemotherapy. Since traditional diagnostic methods for...
BACKGROUND: In patients with breast cancer, tumors showing low human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression may not demonstrate clinical benefits from chemotherapy. Since traditional diagnostic methods for detecting HER2 expression require invasive tissue biopsies, we propose a less invasive approach that combines attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with machine learning to detect breast cancer with low plasma HER2 expression. METHODS: The leftover heparinized plasma with low HER2 expression from 55 breast cancer patients and 32 healthy controls were performed with ATR-FTIR spectrometer. The ten protocol was applied to preprocessed data analysis. Then, machine learning models such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and neural network were performed. The analytical performance was calculated for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the predicted model of detection. RESULTS: The infrared spectra of low HER2 expression from 55 breast cancer samples and 32 control samples were obtained and analyzed in the 1400 - 1000 cm, which is related to the HER2 extracellular domain structure. The neural network models achieved higher discriminative accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at 78%, while PLS-DA showed 65% accuracy, 71% sensitivity, and 56% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: This approach has the potential to detect low HER2 expression in less invasive samples. However, validation through larger-scale clinical trials should be considered to achieve more efficiency.
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