Photodiagnosis And Photodynamic Therapy[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Immune-priming mechanisms of photodynamic therapy in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and translational implications for ovarian near-infrared photoimmunotherapy.
Hussain N, Haddad AHIA
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41720205 · Publisher ↗
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers lesion control with tissue preservation, which is important for patients seeking to avoid excision in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This review examines ev...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers lesion control with tissue preservation, which is important for patients seeking to avoid excision in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). This review examines evidence for aminolaevulinate- and hexaminolaevulinate-based PDT as a tissue-preserving treatment for cervical HSIL and explores the biological rationale for translating near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) to intraperitoneal ovarian cancer. We summarise mechanisms by which PDT and NIR-PIT induce immunogenic cell death and engage cGAS-STING signalling, and review cervical clinical data demonstrating histologic regression, high-risk human papillomavirus clearance, and favourable tolerability. For ovarian cancer with peritoneal dissemination, we discuss how antigen-targeted NIR-PIT aligns with the immunobiology of immune-excluded serosal disease by promoting local cytotoxicity and systemic immune activation. Key translational considerations are outlined, including antigen selection, immune responsiveness, and rational combination strategies with immunomodulatory agents. Emphasis is placed on biological mechanisms and immune correlates relevant to treatment response. Overall, this review highlights the shared immunological foundations of PDT and NIR-PIT while defining distinct clinical contexts for cervical HSIL and investigational intraperitoneal ovarian cancer therapy.
Multimodal treatment approach for giant condylomata acuminata complicated by lichen sclerosus: A case report.
Chang L, Sun X, Song D … +5 more , Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Yan G, Wen L, Zhang G
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41720204 · Publisher ↗
A 65-year-old male presented with cauliflower-like growths on the penis for two years. Physical examination revealed erythema and cutaneous atrophy on the prepuce, glans, and external urethral meatus, with diffuse caulif...
A 65-year-old male presented with cauliflower-like growths on the penis for two years. Physical examination revealed erythema and cutaneous atrophy on the prepuce, glans, and external urethral meatus, with diffuse cauliflower-like proliferations on this basis. Based on the clinical and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of condylomata acuminata (CA) with concomitant lichen sclerosus (LS) was made. The patient received a multimodal treatment involving 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), Holmium-laser, and curettage, which led to significant improvement of the lesions. No recurrence was observed during a 4-year follow-up period.
Synergistic potential of bacteriophage and blue light therapy against biofilm-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae in postoperative gynaecological infections.
Shukla A, Seyyadali A, Rastogi S … +2 more , Rani S, Nath G
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41720203 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae, a prominent member of the ESKAPE pathogen group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp...
BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae, a prominent member of the ESKAPE pathogen group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species), represents a serious concern in postoperative gynaecological infections due to its multidrug resistance (MDR) and strong biofilm-forming ability. The limited efficacy of conventional antibiotics against such infections underscores the need for innovative combinatorial strategies, such as bacteriophage therapy and phototherapy. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial potential of bacteriophage therapy and blue light (450 nm) phototherapy against biofilm-associated MDR K. pneumoniae isolated from a post- cesarean wound infection. METHODS: A clinically isolated MDR K. pneumoniae strain was characterised, and biofilms were treated with phage, blue light, or sequential phage-light combinations. Crystal violet assays and microscopy quantified biofilm biomass reduction, while synergy was analysed using the Bliss independence model. Phage stability under blue light and cytocompatibility with HiFi™ human PBMCs were also assessed, along with cytokine profiling. RESULTS: The combined phage-blue light treatment achieved an 82.3% reduction in biofilm biomass, significantly surpassing either monotherapy (p < 0.0001). Sequence-dependent synergy was observed, with Phage→Light treatments showing stronger early effects (6 h). Phage viability remained unaffected by blue light, and PBMC assays confirmed high cytocompatibility with no detectable cytokine induction. Mechanistically, blue light-induced ROS disrupted the biofilm matrix, facilitating enhanced phage penetration and infection. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteriophage-blue light combination therapy represents a safe, synergistic, and resistance-mitigating approach for managing MDR K. pneumoniae biofilm infections, offering promising translational potential in postoperative gynaecological wound care.
Evaluation of photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green loaded chitosan nanoparticles, as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with stage I and II periodontitis". A randomized controlled trial.
Shashikumar P, R RL, S R … +2 more , Gujjari SK, Nisha S
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41720202 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition marked by progressive attachment loss and bone destruction. Traditional therapy includes mechanical debridement; however, subgingival pathogens persist in com...
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition marked by progressive attachment loss and bone destruction. Traditional therapy includes mechanical debridement; however, subgingival pathogens persist in complex biofilms. Hence photodynamic therapy using photosensitizers for elimination of subgingival pathogens is being widely studied. Indocyanine green is one such photosensitizer which when used along with lasers has shown promising results. Photosensitizer bioavailability is found to be better when used in the form of nanoparticles. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using indocyanine green (ICG) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: In this randomized controlled interventional study, 40 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were randomly allocated into test (SRP + PDT) and control (SRP alone) groups. ICG-CS-NPs were applied locally and activated with 810 nm diode laser. Clinical parameters (plaque index-PI, gingival index-GI, probing pocket depth-PPD, and clinical attachment level-CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 months. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed for colony forming units (CFU). RESULTS: In both the treatment groups there was a significant improvement in all the clinical parameters from baseline to 3 months. When intergroup comparisons were made the test group showed a statistically significant improvements in probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level as well as colony forming units (CFU) of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) & Aggregatibactor actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) at 3 months post therapy. CONCLUSION: Chitosan (CS) encapsulated ICG- Nanoparticles mediated PDT when used as an adjunct to SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis patients can render improvements in clinical as well as microbiological parameters. CS-ICG-NP can be considered as an alternative to conventional photosensitizers used in PDT for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Advancements in OCT and OCTA imaging for AMD: An in-depth analysis of research hotspots, emerging trends, and technological innovations.
Liao X, Lou J, Liu C … +7 more , Wang Y, Zhu G, Ke Y, Bai M, Yang P, Yang W, Chi W
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41713794 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To map research hotspots and emerging trends of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) from 2015-2024 using bibliometric...
PURPOSE: To map research hotspots and emerging trends of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) in Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) from 2015-2024 using bibliometric analysis. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (2015-2024) on January 2025, identified 2471 English-language articles on OCT/OCTA in AMD, and extracted data on countries, institutions, journals, keywords, and citations. CiteSpace 6.4 and Excel were used for co-occurrence/co-citation analyses and visualization; H-indexes were compiled for countries and institutions. RESULTS: Seventy-eight countries/regions contributed to the field; the United States led in publications and H-index, followed by China. Among 200 institutions, the University of California System produced the most studies and showed the highest influence. Publication output increased steadily (R≈0.69). Core topics clustered around geographic atrophy (GA), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), ranibizumab, OCT, and AMD. Recent keyword bursts highlighted macular neovascularization (MNV), hyperreflective foci (HRF), deep learning, impact, and growth. High-impact literature underscored OCT/OCTA's noninvasive vascular imaging utility, anti-VEGF treatment outcomes, GA progression metrics, and rapid advances in AI-driven detection/segmentation and prognostication. Meta-analyses reported high diagnostic accuracy of OCTA for CNV, while technical challenges (e.g., signal-to-noise) persist. Emerging themes include multimodal integration, biomarkers such as hyperreflective foci for prognosis, and time-series/AI models for predicting GA/CNV trajectories and personalizing treatment intervals. CONCLUSION: OCT and OCTA research in AMD has expanded substantially, with the U.S. and leading academic centers driving influence. Integrating AI with OCT/OCTA enables earlier detection, refined phenotyping, and data-informed, personalized management. Advancing precision and standardization will further improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic decision-making in AMD.
Intravesical hematoporphyrin photodynamic therapy combined with pirarubicin for intermediate and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A multicenter, prospective single-arm cohort.
Li H, Long G, Hu L … +9 more , Wang Q, Cao Z, Xie C, Xing S, Liang H, Wang W, Wu Y, Jiao W, Tian J
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41698628 · Publisher ↗
INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated as an alternative treatment modality for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, its clinical application has been limited due to lack of high-q...
INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been investigated as an alternative treatment modality for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, its clinical application has been limited due to lack of high-quality evidence. We conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining PDT with intravesical chemotherapy in the management of NMIBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicenter, prospective, single-arm cohort study (registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry; ChiCTR2100046736) enrolled patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC. Following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), eligible patients received intravesical instillation of hematoporphyrin derivative for PDT, with light energy delivered at 16.8-20 J/cm². Subsequently, standard intravesical pirarubicin chemotherapy was administered. Cystoscopy, with biopsies when necessary, was performed every three months to monitor tumor recurrence and progression. The primary endpoints included 12-month recurrence and progression rates, with adverse events documented and classified according to the Clavien-Dindo system. RESULTS: Between May 2021 and October 2024, 135 patients were enrolled from 4 institutions, with 132 patients included in the final analysis. The cohort comprised patients with high-risk features: over 50% had T1 (40.9%) or carcinoma in situ (Tis; 13.6%) lesions; 68.2% were identified as high grade, and 71.2% were classified as high risk per European Association of Urology (EAU) criteria. Based on the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk table, the 12-month recurrence rate following combination therapy was 9.1% (3/33) in the lower-risk subgroup (scores 1-4), 29.5% (26/88) in the intermediate-risk subgroup (scores 5-9), and 54.5% (6/11) in the higher-risk subgroup (scores ≥10). These rates were significantly lower than those reported in historical EORTC cohorts (24.0% [95% CI: 21.0-26.0], 38.0% [35.0-41.0], and 61.0% [55.0-67.0], respectively). The 12-month progression rates were 0% (0/43) in the lower-risk subgroup (scores 0-6), 3.2% (2/62) in the intermediate-risk subgroup (scores 7-13), and 14.8% (4/27) in the higher-risk subgroup (scores ≥14). The progression rate in patients with a progression score of 0-13 was notably lower than historical data. Adverse events occurred in 93 patients (70.5%). The most common were pollakiuria (29.5%), dysuria (25%), noninfectious cystitis (23.5%), and hematuria (22%). Most complications were transient and self-limited. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PDT and intravesical chemotherapy was associated with significantly reduced recurrence rates in selected NMIBC patients, with mild and transient complications. Further studies are warranted to definitively establish the role of PDT in the standard management of NMIBC.
Transbronchial photodynamic therapy for peripheral lung cancer - A pilot study.
Chiu YC, Chao HS, Lee SW … +6 more , Pai JT, Lee CY, Lee CM, Chang HL, Wu YL, Hsieh YS
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41698627 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVES: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment for centrally located early-stage lung cancer but remains limited for peripheral lung cancers in part due to restricted light penetration and the difficu...
OBJECTIVES: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment for centrally located early-stage lung cancer but remains limited for peripheral lung cancers in part due to restricted light penetration and the difficulty of precisely positioning optical fibers. Our team developed a novel light delivery technique involving the transbronchial infusion of Lipiodol to induce a waveguide effect, expanding the illumination field. We conducted two sequential pilot clinical trials to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this approach. METHODS: Two single-arm, Phase-0 feasibility studies were conducted. Eligible patients had peripheral lung malignancies (≤2 cm in Stage I; ≤3 cm in Stage II) and were unsuitable for or refractory to standard therapies. In Stage I, an electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope (ENB) was used to position a catheter for Lipiodol infusion and single-illumination PDT. Stage II employed an ultrathin bronchoscope to access multiple peripheral airways for repeated Lipiodol infusion and illumination from 3 to 6 angles. The primary endpoints were technical feasibility and safety (specifically lipoid pneumonia or hemoptysis). RESULTS: Six patients (three in each stage) were treated. Diagnoses included primary adenocarcinoma and metastatic lesions. All procedures were technically successful with complete Lipiodol encapsulation confirmed by cone-beam CT. No major acute complications occurred. Tumor response at 3 months varied: in Stage I, two patients had progressive disease (PD) and one had stable disease (SD); in Stage II, one PD, one partial response (PR), and one SD were observed. Lipiodol was gradually absorbed within 3-6 months. CONCLUSION: Lipiodol-assisted transbronchial PDT is technically feasible and demonstrated a favorable acute safety profile in this small pilot cohort. While the light dose (200 J/cm) resulted in modest tumor control, the technique successfully addressed the challenge of light delivery to peripheral lesions. Future Phase I trials with dose escalation are warranted.
Agreement of anterior corneal aberrations between a Placido-disk-based wavefront analyzer and a Scheimpflug system in myopic candidates for refractive surgery.
Doostparast A, Semnani F, Ghandhari M … +5 more , Ghandhari M, Khosronejad AH, Ahmadi A, Khoshayand M, Eslampoor A
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Jun · PMID 41698626 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the anterior corneal aberrometry between Pentacam HR, a Scheimpflug-based imaging system, and Peramis, an aberrometer that combines a pyramidal wavefront sensor with Placido-disk topography....
PURPOSE: We aimed to compare the anterior corneal aberrometry between Pentacam HR, a Scheimpflug-based imaging system, and Peramis, an aberrometer that combines a pyramidal wavefront sensor with Placido-disk topography. METHODS: Myopic, otherwise healthy patients who were scheduled for refractive surgery were examined for anterior corneal aberration profiles using Pentacam HR and Peramis in a 4 mm pupil-centered analysis zone. This profile included corneal total aberrations (TAs), lower-order aberrations (LOAs), higher-order aberrations (HOAs), trefoil (Z(3,-3), Z(3,3)), coma (Z(3,-1), Z(3,1)), and spherical aberrations (Z(4,0)). Subgroup analysis was performed according to the laterality of eyes and the severity of myopia. In addition to the root mean square micrometer (RMS µm), the aberrometry data were simultaneously presented as equivalent diopters to facilitate clinical understanding. A difference of less than 0.5 diopter or 0.3 RMS µm was considered clinically interchangeable. RESULTS: A total of 160 eyes from 80 patients were included. Pentacam HR consistently showed significantly higher corneal TAs, LOAs, HOAs, and SA in both eyes (p < 0.01). There was a moderate correlation for corneal TAs, LOAs, and coma aberrations (ICC: 0.39-0.59). In contrast, the correlation was poor for trefoil and spherical aberrations (ICC: 0.16-0.38) and almost non-existent for HOAs (ICC: 0.01-0.07). The width of the 95 % limits of agreement was too large across all comparisons, exceeding 2 RMS µm for TAs and LOAs and 1 RMS µm for HOAs. It was also approximately 0.5 RMS µm for trefoil, coma, and spherical aberrations. Similar patterns were observed in subgroups, regardless of eye laterality or myopia severity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite moderate correlations in some Zernike terms, the two systems could not be used interchangeably. This is important in pre-operative planning, where patients with higher HOAs might be/not be candidates for particular cataract or wavefront-based refractive surgeries.
Does adjunctive photodynamic therapy enhance sodium hypochlorite-based root canal disinfection? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Oliveira-Aguiar J, Salmon B, Lourenço PR … +4 more , Faria-E-Silva AL, Souza-Gabriel AE, Sousa-Neto MD, Candemil AP
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41692102 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combining a photosensitizer with laser activation has been proposed as an adjunct to enhance disinfection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on th...
OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) combining a photosensitizer with laser activation has been proposed as an adjunct to enhance disinfection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of NaOCl irrigation combined with PDT compared with NaOCl alone for disinfecting root canal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were ex-vivo studies on human teeth infected with E. faecalis, comparing NaOCl alone with NaOCl + PDT and reporting colony forming unit (CFU) outcomes. Standardized mean differences (SMD) in CFU reduction were synthesized using random effects models, with subgroup analyses by photosensitizer (methylene blue and toluidine blue). The certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. RESULTS: The review included 7 studies. CFU counts decreased in both NaOCl alone and NaOCl+PDT groups; NaOCl alone achieved 19.36-99.93 % reduction, while adjunctive PDT achieved 65.85-99.92 %. Meta-analysis favored PDT+NaOCl over NaOCl alone (SMD = 5.64; 95 % CI = 2.67-8.62; p = 0.0002) with high heterogeneity (I² = 95 %). Subgroup analyses showed a significant benefit with methylene blue, whereas toluidine blue showed no significant effect. The risk of bias indicated overall medium risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: NaOCl + PDT with methylene blue enhances disinfection compared with NaOCl alone, in extracted teeth, while toluidine blue shows no clear added benefit. High heterogeneity limits certainty, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and reporting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although limited to ex vivo evidence, the findings provide microbiological support for adjunctive antimicrobial strategies and may inform the design of future clinical disinfection protocols.
Retinal and choroidal microcirculation in fuchs uveitis syndrome after caffeine intake assessed using OCTA.
Gong Y, Xiong A, Chen S … +4 more , Jiang F, Wang X, Li S, Li P
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41690354 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term effects of a single oral intake of coffee (250 mL of water containing 200 mg of coffee powder) on retinal and choroidal microcirculation in Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) using OCTA. M...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term effects of a single oral intake of coffee (250 mL of water containing 200 mg of coffee powder) on retinal and choroidal microcirculation in Fuchs uveitis syndrome (FUS) using OCTA. METHODS: This prospective study included 10 FUS patients and 10 matched healthy controls (HC). Eyes were divided into FUS, fellow (FUS-F), and HC groups. All participants underwent 6 × 6 mm OCTA at baseline and 60 min post-caffeine. RESULTS: A total of 12 eyes from 10 patients with FUS were analyzed, among whom 8 patients (80.0%) had unilateral involvement. Compared with FUS-F and HC, FUS eyes showed significantly reduced vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and decreased foveal density within 300 µm of the foveal avascular zone (FD-300), along with an enlarged foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in the total capillary plexus (TCP). In addition, FUS eyes exhibited increased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and reduced choroidal thickness (CT). After caffeine intake, retinal perfusion parameters showed no significant changes except for decreased RNFL VD in the nasal and inferior sectors. In contrast, CT decreased significantly in the fovea, temporal parafovea, inferior parafovea, and temporal perifovea, accompanied by corresponding reductions in the choroidal vascularity index of medium and large choroidal vessels (3D-CVI) in FUS eyes. CONCLUSIONS: FUS eyes exhibit impaired posterior microcirculation, characterized by reduced SCP VD and CT. Choroidal vessels are more sensitive to caffeine than retinal circulation, while vascular reactivity appears blunted in FUS eyes.
Impact of multifocal contact lens wear on optical coherence tomography measurements of the cornea and retina.
Demirtaş AA, Turun Bozkurt B, Yüce B … +1 more , Küsbeci T
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41690353 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) on structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, including central corneal thickness (CCT), ganglion cell-inner plexifo...
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) on structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters, including central corneal thickness (CCT), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness. In addition, we assessed their effect on scan acquisition quality, as measured by the OCT quality index (QI). METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on 80 eyes of 40 female presbyopic participants (mean age 52.4 ± 6.1 years). All subjects were fitted with Acuvue Oasys Multifocal lenses (Johnson & Johnson Vision). OCT imaging was performed for the anterior segment, ganglion, and disc analyses both with and without MFCLs. Parameters assessed included CCT, average and minimum GCIPL thickness, average RNFL thickness, and scan QI. Only scans with QI ≥ 4 were included. Correlation analyses were performed between OCT parameters and clinical parameters (age, spherical equivalent, K1, K2, and corneal radius), and MFCL variables (spherical power and addition levels). RESULTS: Linear mixed model analysis revealed significant differences in several OCT parameters between lens-off and lens-on conditions. CCT slightly increased with MFCL wear (adjusted means of difference = +1.9 µm, p < 0.001), while anterior scan quality remained stable. In contrast, posterior segment scan quality decreased significantly in both ganglion (p = 0.003) and disc (p = 0.002) modules, accompanied by a reduction in average RNFL thickness (adjusted means of difference = -3.19 µm, p < 0.001). Correlation analyses showed that both spherical equivalent and MFCL spherical power were significantly associated with GCIPL thickness, suggesting a subtle optical influence of refractive status and lens power on retinal measurements. Addition levels showed no significant correlations with any OCT-derived parameters. CONCLUSIONS: MFCL wear was associated with reduced OCT image quality in posterior segment imaging and with thinner RNFL measurements, while anterior segment quality and GCIPL parameters remained stable. Correlation analyses revealed that refractive status and lens spherical power subtly influenced GCIPL thickness. Therefore, OCT examinations in presbyopic patients should be interpreted with caution, and baseline scans without lens wear may be preferable, particularly in glaucoma screening.
Enhancing photodynamic therapy via encapsulated temoporfin by silica nanoparticles: A red blood cell-based efficacy and modeling study.
Aljarrah K, Al-Akhras MH, Makhadmeh G … +7 more , Abuelsamen A, Gharram MA, Zyoud S, Ashames A, Mandumpal J, Abdelfattah M, AlZoubi T
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41690352 · Publisher ↗
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment in select cancers.. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, PDT may be hindered by poor delivery and stability of the photosensitizers, which are essential for conducting...
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment in select cancers.. Unfortunately, in clinical practice, PDT may be hindered by poor delivery and stability of the photosensitizers, which are essential for conducting PDT, as well as by significant side effects and aggregation. The aim of this study was to incorporate the second-generation chlorin-based photosensitizer, Temoporfin, into silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to improve the safety and efficacy of PDT. Due to their ability to control the delivery of oxygen to the tumor microenvironment, red blood cells (RBCs) were chosen as biological targets. Selective photodynamic damage to red blood cells may influence oxygen transport dynamics in the local microenvironment, suggesting a potential mechanism that could be relevant to tumor-associated hypoxia in future therapeutic models. Temoporfin was microemulsified, encapsulated within silica nanoparticles, and characterized for size, shape, and stability. Multiple photodynamic experiments were conducted with varying concentrations and exposure times to compare free Temoporfin and the encapsulated formulation. The formulation encapsulated in silica nanoparticles demonstrated photodynamic effects at much lower doses and shorter exposure times compared to the free formulation, largely due to improved light absorption, enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, and reduced aggregation of the photosensitizer within the silica polymer. The observations of this study provide a detailed reference for the design and fabrication of efficient photodynamic therapy systems, and the silica nanoparticles are encouraged to be used for sustained photosensitizer delivery. In addition, mathematical models were developed to relate the concentration of the drug to the time required to induce 50 % RBC death (t₅₀) for both free and encapsulated Temoporfin. These models provide an initial estimate for refining PDT treatment parameters and can help limit extensive experimental optimization. Overall, the study underscores the efficacy of silica nanoparticles as drug carrier systems for photosensitizers and supports their use in developing more refined, efficient, and biocompatible PDT approaches. This approach can be particularly useful for future cancer treatment models and can be extended to other areas of biomedicine.
Research on the application value of blood plasma autofluorescence spectroscopy model constructed by machine learning algorithms in identifying the types of post-operative kidney transplantation injury.
Wu L, Liu T, Zhou W … +2 more , Peng W, Zhu J
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41690351 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the value of blood plasma autofluorescence spectroscopy in classifying renal injury after renal transplantation. METHODS: The researchers included 86 patients after kidney transplan...
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the value of blood plasma autofluorescence spectroscopy in classifying renal injury after renal transplantation. METHODS: The researchers included 86 patients after kidney transplantation and established five classifications: stable group, tubular injury group, IgA nephropathy group, antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) group, and mixed group. They also established two classification (stable and unstable) diagnostic models based on renal histopathological results. Clinical and laboratory test data of patients were integrated, peripheral blood was collected and blood plasma autofluorescence spectra were detected; postoperative injury classification models were constructed using principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM). RESULTS: Among the five-classification diagnostic models, the overall accuracy of the classification obtained after training the model with blood plasma autofluorescence spectra alone was 84%; the overall accuracy of the classification obtained after training the model with laboratory renal function indexes alone was only 36%; and the accuracy of the classification obtained after combining the two with blood plasma was 88%. In the dichotomous diagnostic model, blood plasma autofluorescence spectroscopy alone had an overall accuracy of 96.30%; laboratory renal function alone had an overall accuracy of 84%; and the combination of both had an accuracy of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Blood plasma autofluorescence spectroscopy has potential application in rapid, minimally invasive diagnosis of post-transplantation renal injury and identification of the type of injury.
Short-term clinical outcomes of neuroplasticity-based binocular visual training in pediatric amblyopia.
Lan FF, Zhao WX, Gan L … +2 more , Luo Y, Li ZC
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41687760 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of neuroplasticity-based binocular visual training compared with conventional spectacle correction combined with occlusion therapy in children diagnosed wit...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of neuroplasticity-based binocular visual training compared with conventional spectacle correction combined with occlusion therapy in children diagnosed with ametropic amblyopia. METHODS: A single-center randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 70 children aged 4 to 16 years with a clinical diagnosis of amblyopia. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention group (spectacle correction combined with 20 sessions of neuroplasticity training) or a control group (spectacle correction combined with occlusion therapy). Primary outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), stereoacuity, and binocular suppression index. RESULTS: Following 10 training sessions, participants in the intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in BCVA, increasing from 0.72 to 0.88 in the right eye and from 0.70 to 0.90 in the left eye, with outcomes superior to the control group (both p < 0.001). Stereoacuity improved from 253.6 arc seconds (arcsec) to 160.7 arcsec in the intervention group, which was significantly greater than the improvement observed in the control group (250.4 arcsec to 132.7 arcsec); after adjusting for baseline stereoacuity differences using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the intergroup difference in corrected stereoacuity outcomes reached statistical significance (p = 0.001). The intervention group showed superior long-term stability of stereoacuity at 3-month follow-up (158.32 ± 35.21 arcseconds versus 145.24 ± 32.09 arcseconds in the control group, p = 0.023), and achieved a significantly higher rate of combined efficacy endpoint (stereoacuity improvement ≥30% plus perceptual eye alignment error ≤30 pixels, 85.7%) compared with the control group (62.3%, p < 0.01), which served as the core basis for the efficacy conclusion. The foveal suppression index decreased from 51.4% to 14.3% in the intervention group. No serious adverse events were reported during the intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: Neuroplasticity training was associated with significant short-term improvements in BCVA and binocular visual function in children with amblyopia, demonstrating a favorable safety and efficacy profile. These findings support its potential application in clinical practice.
Photobiomodulation therapy inhibits ISO-induced myocardial remodeling in mice through modulating TGF-β/Smad7 and PI3K/AKT pathways.
Jiang Y, Xu Z, Sun X … +7 more , Sun S, Ding K, Li J, Chu W, Chang J, Sun W, Shi L
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41687759 · Publisher ↗
UNLABELLED: This study elucidates the mechanism by which Photobiomodulation (PBM) suppresses the progression of isoproterenol (ISO) -induced heart failure (HF) in mice and investigates the effects of PBM therapy on ventr...
UNLABELLED: This study elucidates the mechanism by which Photobiomodulation (PBM) suppresses the progression of isoproterenol (ISO) -induced heart failure (HF) in mice and investigates the effects of PBM therapy on ventricular remodeling in vivo. Our results showed that PBM therapy effectively alleviated ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis as well as inhibiting cardiomyocytes disorganization and apoptosis. Meanwhile, PBM also attenuated activation of fibroblasts and accumulation of myofibroblasts, inhibited Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) associated inflammation. Finally, we revealed that PBM exerted its cardioprotective effects through coordinated modulation of TGF-β/Smad7 and PI3K/AKT pathways.This dual modulation culminates in attenuated myocardial remodelling and improved cardiac function. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The characteristics of adverse ventricular remodeling include chamber dilation, wall thickening and diminished contractility which are the typical histopathological changes of HF. PBM effects via radiative, resonant and thermal mechanisms. While PBM therapy demonstrates efficacy in chronic disease management, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its cardioprotective effects, particularly in preventing or reversing cardiac remodeling, remain incompletely defined. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PBM against HF and delineate the precise molecular mechanisms involved in its modulation of ventricular remodeling. METHODS: Forty-eight adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated to four groups: control mice (CON), ISO-induced mice (ISO), PBM-treated mice (ISO+PBM) and PBM-only mice (PBM). ISO and ISO+PBM groups were injected intraperitoneally with ISO 10mg/(kg·d) daily for 4 weeks. The PBM and ISO+PBM mice were treated with Photobiomodulation for 4 weeks. 4-week later, Cardiac function was evaluated by cardiac ultrasound. HE staining was performed to assess myocardial histopathological changes. Masson staining, TUNEL fluorescence, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were employed to quantify fibrosis and apoptosis in myocardial tissues. Bioinformatics analysis and Western blotting were conducted to identify the potential underlying mechanisms of PBM in protecting ISO-induced myocardial injury. RESULTS: PBM therapy significantly mitigated ISO-induced HF in C57BL/6 mice. PBM therapy suppressed inflammatory mediator accumulation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis. During cardiac fibrosis, PBM blunted fibroblast expansion by suppressing EndMT and, via up-regulation of Smad7 in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, antagonised TGF-β signaling and the associated inflammatory response. Bioinformatics analysis identified the PI3K/AKT pathway as indispensable for β-adrenergic receptor-mediated cardiac dysfunction. PBM restores PI3K/AKT/CREB signaling homeostasis, thereby conferring therapeutic benefit in HF. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that PBM therapy effectively targets two pivotal pathways to mitigate ISO-induced ventricular remodeling: (1) upregulating Smad7 to constrain TGF-β-driven cardiac fibrosis, and (2) suppressing PI3K/AKT/CREB phosphorylation to mitigate maladaptive remodeling. This dual-pathway regulatory mechanism is the basis for PBM's efficacy in alleviating HF. Therefore, PBM represents a mechanistically based and promising non-pharmacological strategy against pathological cardiac remodeling.
Comparison of a new non-contact automatic ophthalmic optical biometer with an SS-OCT based optical biometer ARGOS.
Lin X, Li J, Li Y … +8 more , Yu J, Yang Y, Savini G, Schiano-Lomoriello D, Zhou X, Huang J, Li K, Huang X
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41687758 · Publisher ↗
PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement of ocular biometric parameters measured by a novel all-in-one optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer (SW-9000 Plus) compared with a swept-source optical coherence tomograph...
PURPOSE: To evaluate the agreement of ocular biometric parameters measured by a novel all-in-one optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) biometer (SW-9000 Plus) compared with a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer (ARGOS). METHODS: 48 eyes of 48 healthy subjects were included. The following parameters were obtained: axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (Km), astigmatism (AST), J, J, corneal diameter (CD) and pupil diameter (PD). Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were utilized to confirm the concordance between the devices. Participants were categorized into two groups based on AL to facilitate a subgroup analysis (AL > 25 mm or AL < 25 mm). RESULTS: The new biometer showed small differences with SS-OCT: AL (0.01 ± 0.03 mm), CCT (4.65 ± 4.29 μm), ACD (-0.11 ± 0.05 mm), LT (0.03 ± 0.08 mm), Km (-0.08 ± 0.18 D), AST (-0.03 ± 0.17 D), J (0 ± 0.09 D), J (-0.05 ± 0.09 D), CD (-1.21 ± 0.36 mm), and PD (-0.37 ± 0.64 mm). For AL > 25 mm and AL < 25 mm, differences were 0.02 ± 0.03 mm and -0.01 ± 0.03 mm. Bland-Altman plots showed narrow 95% LoAs for all except PD (-1.62 to 0.87 mm) and CD (-1.91 to -0.51 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The novel all-in-one OLCR biometer showed high agreement with the SS-OCT device for most ocular biometry parameters in healthy eyes. CD and PD demonstrated lower agreement and should not be considered interchangeable between devices.
Photodynamic therapy combined with radiofrequency ablation and systemic therapy for KRAS-mutant advanced low rectal cancer: A case report.
Liao L, Li Y, Liu J … +5 more , Li Y, Ma J, Qi Y, Ma J, Chen H
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41679415 · Publisher ↗
The overall incidence of colorectal cancer, particularly the lower part of the rectum normally known as low rectal cancer, is globally on the rise, accounting for approximately 10% of all new oncology cases. KRAS, a comm...
The overall incidence of colorectal cancer, particularly the lower part of the rectum normally known as low rectal cancer, is globally on the rise, accounting for approximately 10% of all new oncology cases. KRAS, a common oncogenic mutant gene, has a mutation frequency of up to 40% in colorectal cancer and significantly impacts its prognosis and therapeutic outcomes. Anatomically, low rectal cancer usually develops in a deep and narrow pelvic space, adjacent to critical nerves and organs, posing significant challenges for radical resection. A 52-year-old female presented with an extremely low-lying locally advanced rectal cancer or tumor exhibiting high-risk features with an intravascular tumor thrombus and high proliferative activity. This patient initially underwent an endoscopic photodynamic therapy combined with "oxaliplatin + capecitabine" chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and sintilimab monotherapy, resulting in some significant tumor shrinkage and decrease in volume. Subsequent sequential therapeutic strategies included radiofrequency ablation, second-line chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab, and sintilimab. Following 15 months of intensive neoadjuvant conversion therapy, the tumor continued to decrease in size, ultimately enabling successful radical abdominoperineal resection with rectal resection. This case demonstrates a remarkable successful application of a novel treatment strategy combining photodynamic therapy with radiofrequency ablation for local treatment alongside systemic therapy to give room to surgical opportunities for patients with locally advanced ultra-low rectal cancer.
Effect of conbercept combined with dexamethasone implantation on macular thickness, visual function, retinal perfusion, and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetic macular edema: A prospective controlled study.
Muqier, Li H, Gong H … +7 more , Zhou J, Zhang X, Yan B, Song L, Su R, Tian X, Zhang G
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41679414 · Publisher ↗
BACKGROUND: Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains a leading cause of vision impairment among adults with diabetes worldwide. Although current therapies such as anti-VEGF injections and laser treatment provide clinical ben...
BACKGROUND: Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains a leading cause of vision impairment among adults with diabetes worldwide. Although current therapies such as anti-VEGF injections and laser treatment provide clinical benefit, the optimal approach to simultaneously target macular structure, visual function, retinal perfusion, and inflammatory activity remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Conbercept Plus Dexamethasone compared with Conbercept alone therapy in patients with DME over a 12-month follow-up period. METHODS: Forty-six eyes from 46 patients with DME were enrolled in a prospective controlled trial and assigned to an observation group (n = 23, receiving Conbercept Plus Dexamethasone) or a control group (n = 23, Conbercept alone treatment). Central macular thickness (CMT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), superficial vascular density (SVD), deep vascular density (DVD) were measured at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. At baseline and 3 months after the fourth vitreous cavity injection, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were measured in the aqueous humor. Repeated measures ANOVA and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: At baseline and during the first three months, CMT and BCVA did not differ between groups. At 6 and 12 months, the observation group had significantly lower CMT (236.09 ± 21.94 μm and 239.61 ± 28.77 μm) than controls (343.83 ± 60.23 μm and 322.70 ± 56.19 μm; both p < 0.001), with BCVA showing a trend toward improvement at 6 months (p = 0.060) and significant gain at 12 months (p = 0.001). DVD increased significantly in the observation group at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.018 and 0.045), while SVD remained similar. Inflammatory cytokines decreased in both groups, but reductions in IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF were greater in the observation group (all p < 0.05). CMT strongly correlated with BCVA (r = 0.778, p < 0.001), and weak but significant correlations existed between glycemic indices and retinal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Conbercept Plus Dexamethasone provides superior long-term structural, functional, and microvascular benefits compared with conventional therapy, likely mediated by enhanced resolution of inflammation. CMT strongly predicts visual outcomes, supporting its use as a primary surrogate marker in clinical management of DME.
Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy mediatied by 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of cervical in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions combined with high-risk human papillomavirus in patients of childbearing age: A retrospective analysis.
Chen M, Li L, Wang L … +5 more , Zhu X, Xia Z, Li H, Wu Y, Xu L
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41654066 · Publisher ↗
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 5-ALA-PDT for treating cervical LSIL and HR-HPV in women of childbearing age. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 237 patients (aged 20-40 years) who underwent...
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of 5-ALA-PDT for treating cervical LSIL and HR-HPV in women of childbearing age. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 237 patients (aged 20-40 years) who underwent 5-ALA-PDT at Minhang Hospital between 2022 and 2024. The treatment protocol involved topical application of 5-ALA, followed by 635-nm laser therapy at a power of 100 J/cm², administered over a duration of 30 min, and repeated in three sessions, with a spacing of one to two weeks between each session. Follow-up: 1 month (adverse reactions, cervical structure); 3-6/12 months (HR-HPV clearance, LSIL regression). The IBM SPSS 26.0 software was used for the analysis of the data, with a significance level of P < 0.05 being established as significant. The HR-HPV clearance study revealed that the success rate increased from 67.09% (3-6 months) to 88.19% (12 months), with a higher success rate observed in younger patients (P = 0.014/0.018). The following regressions were observed: LSIL regression of the cervical (98.82% to 99.44%), cervical canal (86.30% to 100%), and vaginal (82.25% to 96.77%) epithelium, with a 3-6-month cervical regression greater than that of other sites (P = 0.03). In this study, 65.82% of patients had no adverse reactions, with mild events (e.g., bleeding 22.78%, adhesions 14.34%) resolving within five days. The study concluded that 5-ALA-PDT is a safe and effective treatment for cervical LSIL combined with HR-HPV in women of childbearing age. This treatment promotes HR-HPV clearance and LSIL regression, preserves cervical structure, and accelerates HPV clearance in younger patients.
Visual quality evaluation of topography-guided FS-LASIK based on phorcides for myopia and astigmatism.
Fu C, Sun M, Zhang F … +9 more , Zheng Y, Zhai C, Li Y, Song Y, Wu W, Guo N, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhang Q
Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther · 2026 Apr · PMID 41654065 · Publisher ↗
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and visual quality after Phorcides planned Contoura topography-guided femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (TOPO-G FS-LASIK) for myopia and astigmat...
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and visual quality after Phorcides planned Contoura topography-guided femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (TOPO-G FS-LASIK) for myopia and astigmatism correction. METHODS: Non-randomized retrospective study. 38 eyes in the high ocular residual astigmatism (HORA, >0.75D) group and 44 eyes in the low ocular residual (LORA, <0.75D) group were treated, and the accuracy was evaluated based on the Phorcides planned Contoura TOPO-G FS-LASIK. Routine examinations and specific tests, such as ocular aberrations, optical quality analysis system, a subjective visual quality questionnaire, and contrast sensitivity (CS), were measured and compared within and between groups preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: At 6 m postoperatively, manifest refractive spherical equivalent, uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, safety index, effectivity index, target-induced astigmatism, surgical-induced astigmatism, difference vector, angle of error, and correction index were similar in both HORA and LORA groups (P > 0.05). Objective scatter index, modulation transfer function cut-off, visual acuity (VA) 100%, and all the CS were similar between the two groups preoperatively and postoperatively (P > 0.05). But VA20%/9%, Strehl ratio, the CS of 1.5/3/6/12/18c/d in the HORA group, and 1.5/3/6c/d in the LORA group were significantly elevated 6 m postoperatively. The subjective visual quality questionnaire scores were consistent both within and between groups preoperatively and 6 m postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Phorcides planned Contoura TOPO-G FS-LASIK achieved the predicted outcomes, demonstrating objective and universal applicability. Visual quality in the HORA group was significantly improved, especially the night vision and high-frequency spatial CS.
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