Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2025 · PMID 39969021
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The objective is to reflect on the Water Code (1934) and the water supply and sewage collection services in Brazil during the first government of Getúlio Vargas. Treated by historiography mostly as an instrument to regul...The objective is to reflect on the Water Code (1934) and the water supply and sewage collection services in Brazil during the first government of Getúlio Vargas. Treated by historiography mostly as an instrument to regulate the hydroelectric energy sector, the code presents elements that go beyond it: regulating the use of "water" imposed by the situation of expanded capital accumulation and systematizing diffuse legislation and its different uses, highlighting issues such as salubrity, pollution etc. Such elements, in turn, correspond to Vargas' plans to "rebuild" the nation. To this end, a historiographical assessment of the themes was carried out and the relevant legislation was analyzed.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2025 · PMID 39936730
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This article presents a prosopography of the leaders of science and technology policy in Brazil during the Military Dictatorship. We draw the social profile of the general directors of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de P...This article presents a prosopography of the leaders of science and technology policy in Brazil during the Military Dictatorship. We draw the social profile of the general directors of Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (Capes), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep) between 1964 and 1985, looking at variables such as gender, region of origin, course and university of training, and professional career. We proposed an approach anchored in historical sociology, analyzing the social trajectory of the agents and the conflicts in the academic-scientific field. The research revealed that the management of the science and technology policy during the dictatorship was controlled by male professors trained in traditional professional courses, a profile similar to that of the presidents of Brazilian universities.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2025 · PMID 39813529
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The study analyses scientific knowledge circulation between Brazil and the United States, drawing on Rockefeller Foundation's funding to Escola Paulista de Medicina to modernize medical training. The chosen initial chron...The study analyses scientific knowledge circulation between Brazil and the United States, drawing on Rockefeller Foundation's funding to Escola Paulista de Medicina to modernize medical training. The chosen initial chronological landmark is 1956, when the foundation started funding the Brazilian institution, and the final year is 1962, deadline for spending the grants. The study's sources are dossiers collected at Rockefeller Archive Center, analyzed drawing on the evidential paradigm. The conclusion is that when the philanthropic agency decided to finance the school, the latter was already part of an international network of knowledge circulation, and its medical training modernization comprised investments in basic sciences, clinical practice, and the defense of full-time departments.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2025 · PMID 39813528
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This text analyzes the medical reports of doctor Murillo de Campos on an expedition by the Rondon Commission to the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso in 1911. Originally published as a scientific article, the report begins...This text analyzes the medical reports of doctor Murillo de Campos on an expedition by the Rondon Commission to the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso in 1911. Originally published as a scientific article, the report begins by detailing the nosological profile in the places visited and the customs of the inhabitants. It then presents a detailed fieldwork report into the healing practices of the Bororo indigenous people in eastern Mato Grosso. An investigative approach is employed to describe the therapeutic methods used by the healers, particularly the extensive use of medicinal plants. The analysis demonstrates that Campos acted as an intermediary between medical knowledge and Bororo healing practices.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699531
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The article deals with the representation of illness among Russian Orthodox peasants from the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century. Materials from ethnographic expeditions, folklore, nineteenth-century texts on treat...The article deals with the representation of illness among Russian Orthodox peasants from the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century. Materials from ethnographic expeditions, folklore, nineteenth-century texts on treatments, memoirs, and publications in the local press are used as sources. Analysis of the sources allowed us to reach the following conclusions: the conception of illness among Russian peasants was constructed by various actors; rural doctors were the least influential among these actors; and illnesses were represented as a consequence of mixing the world of the living and the world of the dead or the action of anthropomorphic or zoomorphic entities, with treatment implying a return to the natural ("correct") order of things.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699530
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The collection of oral history interviews from Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, is the starting point for a reflection on the conditions of possibility for the writing of history of science. The study traces the history of...The collection of oral history interviews from Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, is the starting point for a reflection on the conditions of possibility for the writing of history of science. The study traces the history of the production of this memory by drawing on interviews from the collection and making analyses of new oral history testimonials from 2023, directing special attention to the intentions, choices, gaps, and other narrative operations involved in the patrimonialization of this memory about the scientific collections from the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. The research is affiliated to cultural heritage management studies, in particular those studies that probe the situated nature of scientific knowledge.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699529
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The objective of this research is to analyze the outbreak of cholera that occurred in the city of Arica, located on the northern border of Chile-Peru, at the end of the 1880s. The study focuses on the impact generated by...The objective of this research is to analyze the outbreak of cholera that occurred in the city of Arica, located on the northern border of Chile-Peru, at the end of the 1880s. The study focuses on the impact generated by the epidemics in society, medical diagnoses and the rapid spread of contagion. The creation of an institutional framework to face the health emergency and the policies that were implemented to prevent the arrival of the condition to the port are addressed. Based on specialized literature, the Arican press and the documentation of the Vicente Dagnino Historical Archive, we concluded that the cholera outbreak activated a series of political-health mechanisms that generated transformations in public and private hygiene practices.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699528
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This study reflects on the efforts to disseminate and administer the smallpox vaccine in the Brazilian province of Paraná between 1853 and 1863, taking a circulation-based perspective. Chronologically, the first mileston...This study reflects on the efforts to disseminate and administer the smallpox vaccine in the Brazilian province of Paraná between 1853 and 1863, taking a circulation-based perspective. Chronologically, the first milestone is the founding of Paraná and the second is the drafting of the first regulations for vaccination in the province. This research draws on the assumptions of translocal microhistory and the theoretical conceptions expounded by Kapil Raj and Fa-ti Fan. The central argument is that the factors blocking the spread of the smallpox vaccine were the very processes by which vaccination was circulated, and that popular resistance to the prophylactic agent, itself part of these processes, was not widespread.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699527
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The article addresses the British sanitary movement in the 1830s and 1840s, analyzing the ideology that permeated official efforts to promote public health. The sources used consist primarily of the inquiries carried out...The article addresses the British sanitary movement in the 1830s and 1840s, analyzing the ideology that permeated official efforts to promote public health. The sources used consist primarily of the inquiries carried out by royal commissions into the state of sanitation in towns and cities. The main argument is that the ideological assumptions underpinning these inquiries can be understood as part of a political economy of public health, within which tensions can be observed arising from the contradictions between a liberal perspective and the need for greater intervention on the part of the government.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699526
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Presented herein is the unpublished translation of a manuscript in French, the "Memoir on the heroic virtues of quinoa." Through this work, the Peruvian physician José Manuel Dávalos tried to be appointed as a foreign me...Presented herein is the unpublished translation of a manuscript in French, the "Memoir on the heroic virtues of quinoa." Through this work, the Peruvian physician José Manuel Dávalos tried to be appointed as a foreign member of the prestigious Royal Society of Medicine, from France, at the end of 1787. Despite a laudatory letter of introduction from a Spanish diplomat, his application was rejected, possibly due to Dávalos' lack of credibility in the sense of David Bloor or Steven Shapin. The introduction also provides the historical context in which the Peruvian doctor's work is inscribed, highlighting the central characteristics of the medical institution to which the Limenean doctor sought membership.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699525
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The article draws a parallel between two pathological phenomena with great social impact in different settings: the smallpox epidemic in Ceará, northeastern Brazil, between 1900 and 1905, and the covid-19 pandemic in Bra...The article draws a parallel between two pathological phenomena with great social impact in different settings: the smallpox epidemic in Ceará, northeastern Brazil, between 1900 and 1905, and the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil between 2020 and 2022. Despite the historical and temporal distance between these two episodes, there are some significant similarities in the ways they were conducted politically, especially with regard to the use of fake news and misinformation on the emergency of implementing mass vaccination. The analysis makes extensive use of press reports concerning the covid-19 pandemic and writings by the pharmacist Rodolfo Teófilo, a key figure in the smallpox vaccination campaign in Ceará.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39699524
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This article investigates the strategies employed by Antônio Prudente to develop an initiative aimed at combating cancer throughout Brazil, based on his experience in the state of São Paulo. The approach used in the anal...This article investigates the strategies employed by Antônio Prudente to develop an initiative aimed at combating cancer throughout Brazil, based on his experience in the state of São Paulo. The approach used in the analysis draws on both the historiographical literature and primary sources, focusing on the period from 1934, when the São Paulo Association for the Fight against Cancer was founded, to 1954, when Prudente was appointed director of the National Cancer Service. The study highlights the disputes between cancerologists from the Union and São Paulo, highlighting the uniqueness of the São Paulo proposal, marked by a combination of liberal ideals and the sentiment of "Paulistaness."
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39504107
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The issue of public health and epidemics is again in the spotlight today because of the recent epidemic we have experienced, which, although weaker, continues to be the object of our attention. In this article, we attemp...The issue of public health and epidemics is again in the spotlight today because of the recent epidemic we have experienced, which, although weaker, continues to be the object of our attention. In this article, we attempt to understand the relationship between the environment and public health, within this context exploring the main epidemics known to have occurred in Portugal in the Modern Age. Conditions in Portugal at that time were favorable for the spread of several epidemics; the environment encouraged the spread of disease and boosted virulence at a time when medicine was unable to cope, causing mortality rates to soar.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39504106
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The article examines the circulation of the schizophrenia category in debates and psychiatric spaces in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the twentieth century. It analyzes this category in the scientific exchange betwe...The article examines the circulation of the schizophrenia category in debates and psychiatric spaces in Rio de Janeiro at the beginning of the twentieth century. It analyzes this category in the scientific exchange between Eugen Bleuler and Ernst Kretschmer - observing correspondences between psychodynamic and constitutionalist theories in the European context - and then pursues its use in the Observation Pavilion of the Hospício Nacional de Alienados, in articles and scientific meetings. We investigated how its circulation was simultaneous in scientific and assistance spaces. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that, as occurred in the European context, Brazilian psychiatrists actively participated in the transnational circulation of the schizophrenia category through its appropriation and expanded use of the semantic field "schizo" according to local interests.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417468
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This text addresses the process of biomedicalization in the responses to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), based on field research in Rio de Janeiro and document and li...This text addresses the process of biomedicalization in the responses to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), based on field research in Rio de Janeiro and document and literature reviews. Considering the socio-anthropological perspective and social studies of science, the current predominance of preventative biomedical strategies implies both reconfigurations of the scientific and institutional order and interventions in health and sexuality. These transformations reveal an established definition of the epidemic as a clinical problem, reconfiguration of debates on sexuality and stigma, and erasure of the discussion on structural inequalities and human rights, and new studies on HIV/aids within social sciences and humanities are needed.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417467
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This study analyzes the activities, poisoning, and medical treatment of the "La Esperanza" mercury mine workers in Aranzazu (Caldas, Colombia) between 1948 and 1975. The mining work there was difficult due to the geologi...This study analyzes the activities, poisoning, and medical treatment of the "La Esperanza" mercury mine workers in Aranzazu (Caldas, Colombia) between 1948 and 1975. The mining work there was difficult due to the geological instability of the area and the use of inappropriate mining technology, which generated a high occurrence of poisoning manifested in tremors of limbs, bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and bad mouth odor. The mine was the first Colombian company to treat its poisoned workers with dimercaprol and penicillamine. Occupational toxicology in Colombia was thus born during one of the most significant occupational health disasters in the country.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417466
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This article examines the general characteristics of how the invertebrate paleontology collection at the National Museum [Museu Nacional] in Rio de Janeiro took shape and the stages in its trajectory, considering the ins...This article examines the general characteristics of how the invertebrate paleontology collection at the National Museum [Museu Nacional] in Rio de Janeiro took shape and the stages in its trajectory, considering the institution's own journey from the perspective of museology and heritage studies. It addresses the reach of the collection within the context of the department and the procedures and practices involved, namely research, education, and exhibitions. The collection's trajectory reflects the contexts that formed the backdrop for the museum, domestically and globally, between the mid-1900s and the early twenty-first century.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417465
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This article reconstructs the origins of psychosomatic medicine in Latin America through the history of the institutionalization of psychoanalysis in Argentina and Brazil. The study focuses on the exchange between Argent...This article reconstructs the origins of psychosomatic medicine in Latin America through the history of the institutionalization of psychoanalysis in Argentina and Brazil. The study focuses on the exchange between Argentine and Brazilian psychoanalysts from 1942 to 1959. The analyses indicate similarities and differences between the two projects of dissemination and theoretical production of psychosomatic medicine in both countries. The conclusions indicate that the Argentine group of psychoanalysts had the intention of strengthening psychoanalysis while, in Brazil, the main disseminator of psychosomatics, Danilo Perestrello, supported a profound transformation of traditional medicine.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417464
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This article draws on a large volume of documents retrieved from the historical archives of Institut Pasteur, in Paris, the Manguinhos library of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and the Hemeroteca Digital library run by Nat...This article draws on a large volume of documents retrieved from the historical archives of Institut Pasteur, in Paris, the Manguinhos library of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and the Hemeroteca Digital library run by National Library of Brazil to analyze the links between the institutionalization of parasitology in São Paulo and the presence of the French physician Émile Brumpt at the São Paulo School of Medicine and Surgery in its early years. Bringing to light information from previously unresearched or little-known primary sources, this article contributes to the historiography of exchanges between French and Brazilian scholars and the institutional memory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417463
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The article "Was nennen wir Konstitution, Konstitutionanomalie und Konstitutionskrankheit?" [What do we call constitution, constitutional anomaly, and constitutional disease?], published in 1922 by the German pediatricia...The article "Was nennen wir Konstitution, Konstitutionanomalie und Konstitutionskrankheit?" [What do we call constitution, constitutional anomaly, and constitutional disease?], published in 1922 by the German pediatrician Meinhard Pfaundler, is presented in an annotated translation into Portuguese. Commissioned by Klinische Wochenschrift [Clinical Weekly], the article presents and discusses what were at the time the most recent debates and terminology concerning the "constitutional doctrine" in medicine. "Was nennen wir Konstitution..." therefore sheds theoretical and conceptual light on debates regarding the constitution in European medical circles in the interwar period.