Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417462
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This article discusses environmental licensing as an instrument for the identification and preservation of cultural heritage. Throughout 2021, studies were undertaken in and around Fundação Oswaldo Cruz's Manguinhos camp...This article discusses environmental licensing as an instrument for the identification and preservation of cultural heritage. Throughout 2021, studies were undertaken in and around Fundação Oswaldo Cruz's Manguinhos campus, in Rio de Janeiro, in preparation for the introduction of a sewage system by the local authority. The studies revealed how the territory had been occupied and enabled the identification of vestiges of material culture in an archaeological context and the heritage listed by Iphan, the Brazilian federal heritage protection agency - baianas de acarajé, capoeira, and cordel literature - the knowledge, and the forms of expression that bear witness to the development of the Manguinhos territory, a process in continuous motion.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39417461
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This article reflects on the resignification of the Tijuca massif during the latter half of the nineteenth century after the planting of the Tijuca Forest, based on notions of the social uses of forests which were in lin...This article reflects on the resignification of the Tijuca massif during the latter half of the nineteenth century after the planting of the Tijuca Forest, based on notions of the social uses of forests which were in line with Eurocentric imagery prizing nature. We utilized primary sources from the Brazilian Arquivo Nacional and Biblioteca Nacional, especially the Hemeroteca Digital online collection. The perception of these green areas shifted, with planted forests evolving from solely spaces for future forestry use to also serve as forest parks for recreation and contemplating nature, while still permitting appreciation of fine wood and landscapes and evoking the idea of nationalism and modernity.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39417460
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This paper aims at illustrating the panorama of health and medicine in Portugal in the first quarter of the twentieth century using the photographic collection of Jorge Marçal da Silva, a doctor and amateur photographer,...This paper aims at illustrating the panorama of health and medicine in Portugal in the first quarter of the twentieth century using the photographic collection of Jorge Marçal da Silva, a doctor and amateur photographer, which has been preserved by his family. From his collection, we have chosen a selection of photographs that illustrate the modus vivendi of the Portuguese population, in the rural interior, on the fishing coast and in city life, as well as some that depict hospital environments and medical care in the capital, in order to reflect on their importance as a source for the historiographical reflection on the history of Portuguese medicine in the 1900s.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39417459
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The concept of pharmakon encapsulates the paradoxical ambivalence of any therapeutic intervention's harmful as well as beneficial effects; within the context of immunological practices related to covid-19, this ambivalen...The concept of pharmakon encapsulates the paradoxical ambivalence of any therapeutic intervention's harmful as well as beneficial effects; within the context of immunological practices related to covid-19, this ambivalence has been successfully exploited by anti-vaccination movements and is also evident in widespread vaccine hesitancy in wealthy countries where vaccines for this virus are widely available. Here we engage with the theoretical apparatus of the pharmakon to examine how care, harm, risk, and prevention are enacted in covid-19 prevention measures and mobilize the transdisciplinary methodologies of science and technology studies to investigate how anticipatory imaginaries drive cutting-edge research on covid-19 vaccines and the clinical and social practices they have elicited.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39417458
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In 2020 the world suffered from covid-19. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz faced itself again with a challenging task. One of its strategies while battling the disease was building a hospital. It was not the first time the institut...In 2020 the world suffered from covid-19. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz faced itself again with a challenging task. One of its strategies while battling the disease was building a hospital. It was not the first time the institution would build such a healthcare facility. The first hospital, which nowadays needs preservation measures, opened in 1918 intending to study and treat tropical diseases. The second, built in 2021, was a field hospital designed to treat the new epidemic victims. This article aims to reflect upon both hospitals' construction contexts, as well as contribute to studies on the history of science and health.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39417457
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The aim of this work is to ascertain the relevance of the miasmatic theory for the construction and spatial organization of the Hospital Geral de Santo António in Porto, Portugal, in the 19th century, from then recent gr...The aim of this work is to ascertain the relevance of the miasmatic theory for the construction and spatial organization of the Hospital Geral de Santo António in Porto, Portugal, in the 19th century, from then recent graduate physicians' viewpoint. The methodology consists of analyzing the inaugural dissertations presented to the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica do Porto in order to assess the physicians' perceptions of the Santo António Hospital building, with emphasis on the relationship between health, medicine and environment. This work intends to contribute to better understand the relationship between the theoretical referential approach to disease and medical practice, at the interface of health, medicine, and environment by analyzing interspecies encounters.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39417456
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This study analyzes the influence of hospitals on medical specialization and resulting implications for the history of public health from 1880 to 1933, with a focus on Lisbon as a case study. After the 1755 earthquake, a...This study analyzes the influence of hospitals on medical specialization and resulting implications for the history of public health from 1880 to 1933, with a focus on Lisbon as a case study. After the 1755 earthquake, a shift occurred from Renaissance-style hospitals to a network of hospitals that strategically occupied diverse urban spaces, significantly shaping the modernization of medicine and governmental healthcare policies. Employing the framework of the history of science, technology and medicine studies, this research enriches the historiography of hospitals, offering comprehensive insight into their societal significance during the study period.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39417455
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This article draws on the recent historiography in international relations and global health, as well as selected archives, to propose some milestones for a history of global hospital governance from the late nineteenth...This article draws on the recent historiography in international relations and global health, as well as selected archives, to propose some milestones for a history of global hospital governance from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. How can we identify a system of hospital governance, including formal and informal arrangements, on a global or sub-global scale? Through the lens of the International Hospital Association, founded in 1931, we highlight the significance of internationalization processes, relationships with other international organizations, transnational interpersonal networks, and forces structuring innovation. This document provides a preliminary starting point for discussion and encourages further research.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 Sep · PMID 39383428
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Since the modern era, healthcare in Portugal has been provided primarily by hospitals, many of which were founded by the Sisters of Mercy and known as Misericordias. However, the creation of new hospitals in the nineteen...Since the modern era, healthcare in Portugal has been provided primarily by hospitals, many of which were founded by the Sisters of Mercy and known as Misericordias. However, the creation of new hospitals in the nineteenth century and first half of the twentieth century did not necessarily yield improved patient care, since these institutions tended to be small, poorly equipped, and lacking in human and material resources. This study presents a reflection on developments in Portuguese hospitals from 1834 through to the first decades of the twentieth century, drawing on data on several institutions to identify changes and continuities in the healthcare offered.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 39016418
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An analysis is presented of the approaches taken by the Brazilian Center for Health Studies (Cebes) and the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco) towards the nationalization of health during the Brazilian...An analysis is presented of the approaches taken by the Brazilian Center for Health Studies (Cebes) and the Brazilian Association of Collective Health (Abrasco) towards the nationalization of health during the Brazilian public health reform between 1976 (when Cebes was founded) and the enshrinement of public health in the Federal Constitution (1988). Discussions are presented of the theoretical and strategic principles defended by their intellectuals and the institutions' positions towards the nationalization of health. By positioning themselves against complete nationalization, they did not break away from the privatizing rationale embedded in the prevailing model of healthcare, and endeavored to conciliate private interests within the new framework for public health.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38896752
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The interview marks the 40th anniversary of the Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (Program for Integral Assistance to Women's Health), and aims to revisit the history of this innovative health policy, th...The interview marks the 40th anniversary of the Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (Program for Integral Assistance to Women's Health), and aims to revisit the history of this innovative health policy, the context in which it was created and the generation that took it forward, from the narrative of a key person, Ana Maria Costa, who played a leading role in the process of its creation, from conception to the elaboration of its final text. Launched in 1983, the policy was a pioneer in proposing and incorporating the principles of universality, equity and integrality, which would be the foundations of the Sistema Único de Saúde, and introducing the perspective of women's reproductive rights.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38896751
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This text presents the partial results of ongoing research into deafness in history teaching and historiography between 2015 and 2022. The study problematizes the place of disabled people in top-ranking periodicals (the...This text presents the partial results of ongoing research into deafness in history teaching and historiography between 2015 and 2022. The study problematizes the place of disabled people in top-ranking periodicals (the top two categories in Brazil) and in pedagogical projects on degree courses in history (with and without teacher-training certification) at the University of São Paulo and the State University of Campinas. These universities were chosen because they topped the ranking in a survey conducted by Folha de S.Paulo newspaper. The study observes how the Brazilian Inclusion Law (law 13.146, of July 6, 2015) is incorporated into the initial training of these professionals.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38896750
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This article examines the career of Argentine doctor Germinal Rodríguez, situating it within the context of social history of medicine and the recent trend of medical biographies. Using a qualitative documentary analysis...This article examines the career of Argentine doctor Germinal Rodríguez, situating it within the context of social history of medicine and the recent trend of medical biographies. Using a qualitative documentary analysis methodology, we analyzed various sources, including official records from the University of Buenos Aires, journalistic articles, and books by Rodríguez himself. Our analysis reveals that Rodríguez's enjoyed a successful academic career in university teaching, while concurrently engaging in active socialist activism between 1920-1930. Beyond academia, Rodríguez served as a science popularizer, a policy consultant for his party, and even a public official during the Peronist era.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38896749
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This paper analyzes the technical assistance program for research and fishery development, implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Brazil, between 1955 and 1978. We argue what were the motivations o...This paper analyzes the technical assistance program for research and fishery development, implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Brazil, between 1955 and 1978. We argue what were the motivations of the developed countries, the FAO and Brazil to mobilize this knowledge and how the socio-institutional support for its achievement was built. Following the itinerary of experts and attending to the characteristics of the field of fishing biology, we show how the Brazilian field of research, policies and fishing activity were built simultaneously. For this purpose, we used reports from several experts from the FAO and Brazilian public bodies.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38896748
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This article analyzes the speeches of leading doctors in the creation of the specialty in childbirth care: gynecotology. Between 1920 and 1940, under the influence of eugenic and maternalist thinking, in a context of val...This article analyzes the speeches of leading doctors in the creation of the specialty in childbirth care: gynecotology. Between 1920 and 1940, under the influence of eugenic and maternalist thinking, in a context of valuing the well-being of children, medicine built a new obstetric interventionism under the foundation of improving fetal viability. The supposed female "maternal instinct" was, thus, appealed to improve acceptance of the medical mandate. At the same time, doctors recognized their difficulties in providing adequate care. They did not wait long enough and tended to intervene in unnecessary physiological processes.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38865560
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This paper examines how variations in the height and health of Mexicans during the second half of the twentieth century reflect the evolution of economic inequality, as its effects have repercussions on the health and nu...This paper examines how variations in the height and health of Mexicans during the second half of the twentieth century reflect the evolution of economic inequality, as its effects have repercussions on the health and nutritional conditions of the population. The average height of Mexican adults had a modest increase with respect to the possibilities of human plasticity. These anthropometric variations were the result of the incorporation of advances in science and technology leading to improved standards of living among the population. Body changes were impacted by dietary habits, urbanization, and government policies supporting food production and distribution.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38775524
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This text analyzes female participation in Brazilian eugenics and medical discourse on the roles and social functions of the sexes during the first half of the twentieth century. In examining the production of two women,...This text analyzes female participation in Brazilian eugenics and medical discourse on the roles and social functions of the sexes during the first half of the twentieth century. In examining the production of two women, Ítala Silva de Oliveira and Eunice Penna Kehl, we maintain that certain women were effectively engaged in the eugenics movement and worked to bring women closer to eugenics. This analysis makes it possible to explore a pedagogical dimension of eugenics and of the popularization of this movement by attempting to form a hygienist and eugenist consciousness among women.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2024 · PMID 38775523
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This article uses the medical records of six women admitted to the Manicomio Nacional de Leganés, Madrid (Spain), in which, in addition to medical notes, there are letters and other personal documents. These unsent lette...This article uses the medical records of six women admitted to the Manicomio Nacional de Leganés, Madrid (Spain), in which, in addition to medical notes, there are letters and other personal documents. These unsent letters allow us to read about their complaints towards the institution, as well as to recover the voices of the inmates and their resistance to being treated like insane people. This analysis leads us to explore the double marginalization: being "women" and being "mentally ill"; it also brings us closer to building a story from the patient's point of view. The time frame is Franco's dictatorship, during which the implementation of a national-Catholic system undoubtedly reinforced the female hegemonic model of the regime.