Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37610943
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This article addresses the political choices made by the Brazilian government concerning conditional cash transfer programs during the covid-19 pandemic. The aim is to analyze how the covid-related Emergency Aid (Auxílio...This article addresses the political choices made by the Brazilian government concerning conditional cash transfer programs during the covid-19 pandemic. The aim is to analyze how the covid-related Emergency Aid (Auxílio Emergencial), the extinction of the Bolsa Família Program, and the implementation of its replacement, Auxílio Brasil, interacted in the rearrangement and dismantling of Brazil's social protection network in a broader context of a generalized impoverishment of Brazilian workers. The article not only presents a record of these actions, but also offers an interpretative approach that, historically contextualized, can shed light on these actions, which ran parallel to the deepening entrenchment of neoliberal policies in the country.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37586011
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Perceptions of the importance of the role of psychological trauma in the origins of psychiatric problems have oscillated throughout the history of psychiatry. However, since the conception of post-traumatic stress disord...Perceptions of the importance of the role of psychological trauma in the origins of psychiatric problems have oscillated throughout the history of psychiatry. However, since the conception of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), western societies have witnessed a marked expansion of the discourse of trauma in the interpretation of devastating human experiences like catastrophes, genocides, disasters, and epidemics. Through an integrative literature review, this article analyzes some of the historical and epistemological determinants behind the emergence of traumatic memory and the establishment of trauma as a semantic field that orients clinical responses and political strategies in the field of the humanities and the health sciences.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37586010
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This text analyzes the way sick slaves were treated at the Office (ofício) of the Jesuit Province of Paraguay and Santa Catalina Farm (estancia) between 1711 and 1745. The sources consulted - Libro de cuentas del Ofício,...This text analyzes the way sick slaves were treated at the Office (ofício) of the Jesuit Province of Paraguay and Santa Catalina Farm (estancia) between 1711 and 1745. The sources consulted - Libro de cuentas del Ofício, Memoriales, and Cartas ânuas - reveal that the sickness of the enslaved people generated expenses, not only for medications, clothing, and food, but also for shrouds for their burial. As for the slaves from the Santa Catalina Farm, the sources indicate that depending on the infirmity, they were sometimes sent to Córdoba, where they were treated by laypersons trained in the healing arts, which incurred different expenses, also recorded in the ledgers.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37586009
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This article analyzes changing conceptions of the Tietê river, in São Paulo, Brazil, in the first four decades of the twentieth century as perceived by rowing clubs and the sports press. The historical sources consulted...This article analyzes changing conceptions of the Tietê river, in São Paulo, Brazil, in the first four decades of the twentieth century as perceived by rowing clubs and the sports press. The historical sources consulted were local newspapers and magazines produced by the clubs. Between 1900 and 1920, as these institutions started to offer water sports, the discourse in the sources vis-a-vis the promotion of health through such sports is positive. However, this relationship changes in the 1930s and 1940s. The Tietê, once synonymous with sport, health, and entertainment, becomes so polluted that it is considered inadequate, making sporting events on its waters unfeasible.
Granada D, Silveira C, Inoue SRV
… +2 more, Matsue RY, Martin D
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37585977
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The relationship between health and migration was severely affected during the covid-19 pandemic. This article discusses the literature on health and migration, including the deteriorating levels of social and economic v...The relationship between health and migration was severely affected during the covid-19 pandemic. This article discusses the literature on health and migration, including the deteriorating levels of social and economic vulnerability of international migrants to Brazil in 2020 and 2021. The analysis was based on a review of articles published in the national and international press addressing the impacts of covid-19 on contemporary processes of human mobility and its consequences for stigmatized populations. The results point to the possibility of understanding the pandemic as a key moment for rethinking nationality and borders.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37585976
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Between March 2020 and March 2022, more than 213,000 Peruvians died of covid-19. In this research note, we will identify and analyze the various social responses to covid-19 in Peru: denial, panic, search for culprits, s...Between March 2020 and March 2022, more than 213,000 Peruvians died of covid-19. In this research note, we will identify and analyze the various social responses to covid-19 in Peru: denial, panic, search for culprits, search for "magic remedies," and, in some sectors, mistrust towards the State and science. We argue that these social responses have been common throughout history, both in pandemics prior to the development of the bacteriological era and in the most recent ones. We intend to show that, in Peru, scientific ideas around health and disease coexist with religious ideas, conspiracy theories and traditional knowledge.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37585975
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This article analyzes feelings, experiences, practices, and actions that underlie the meanings attributed to the covid-19 pandemic. Based on a case study located in the province of Tucumán (Argentina), a mixed-methods in...This article analyzes feelings, experiences, practices, and actions that underlie the meanings attributed to the covid-19 pandemic. Based on a case study located in the province of Tucumán (Argentina), a mixed-methods investigation was developed, interested in capturing life experiences. Discourse analysis show the resignification of life itself, the valorization of close ties, community social capital, the State and politics. From the personal to the political, the interpretive frames people use to signify life experiences during the covid-19 pandemic exhibit differentiated feelings, experiences, practices, and actions.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37585974
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Inequality is a global, structural problem that is particularly marked in the world's poorest countries. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this historic problem in Latin America and the Caribbean and deepened uncertainti...Inequality is a global, structural problem that is particularly marked in the world's poorest countries. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this historic problem in Latin America and the Caribbean and deepened uncertainties in relation to basic human needs. This study presents an overview of the subject on the basis of official reports from international agencies (PAHO, WHO, ECLAC) between 2019 and 2022 and discusses some paths for the training of health professionals in Brazil. It also investigates how health practices could be changed to ensure greater social protection for vulnerable populations, based on the proposals of Paulo Freire and Edgar Morin, which highlight current social and health problems.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37556716
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This article analyzes an experiment to cure leprosy using the assacu plant (Hura crepitans L.) conducted in Santarém, Pará, in 1847, by an Indigenous man named Antonio Vieira dos Passos. The experiment was later repeated...This article analyzes an experiment to cure leprosy using the assacu plant (Hura crepitans L.) conducted in Santarém, Pará, in 1847, by an Indigenous man named Antonio Vieira dos Passos. The experiment was later repeated in other Brazilian provinces and abroad. This article establishes relationships between medical practices in other parts of the country while focusing on the dialog between official and Indigenous medicine. Newspaper articles and official documents of the time show that Indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants was widely recognized and utilized by physicians wishing to incorporate it into the official therapeutic repertoire.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37436299
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This article analyzes the ruptures from and continuations of eugenicist ideology in the work of Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr., a geneticist and professor at the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz." Documentary...This article analyzes the ruptures from and continuations of eugenicist ideology in the work of Salvador de Toledo Piza Jr., a geneticist and professor at the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz." Documentary research involving articles, correspondence, and notes from this former director of the Boletim de Eugenia investigates the reshaping of eugenics in the post-1945 context, a time when Piza Jr. began to publicize evolutionism. While Piza Jr. stopped publicly defending eugenics in latter half of the twentieth century, he maintained his racialized notions into the 1950s, corresponded with eugenicist groups in the 1960s, and supported a hierarchical interpretation of human evolution until the late 1980s.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37436298
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The article analyzes the influenza epidemic in 1918 in Diamantina, a town in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Bibliographic and documental sources are used to investigate the influence of the Vitória-Minas railroad (...The article analyzes the influenza epidemic in 1918 in Diamantina, a town in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Bibliographic and documental sources are used to investigate the influence of the Vitória-Minas railroad (Estrada de Ferro Vitória a Minas), opened in 1914, on the arrival of the disease in the town, which had until then been represented in the discourse of its elites as insalubrious and isolated. The interrelations between the spread of transportation systems across Brazil, the environment, scientific knowledge, and health-disease processes are discussed.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37436297
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This article describes the associations and controversies between indigenous and western uses of ayahuasca between 1850 and 1950 in relation to the "psychedelic renaissance." This movement has gained scientific attention...This article describes the associations and controversies between indigenous and western uses of ayahuasca between 1850 and 1950 in relation to the "psychedelic renaissance." This movement has gained scientific attention since 2000, but hearkens back to the 1960s and 1970s, when anti-drug policy halted research on the "therapeutic potential" of psychoactive substances. Pioneering studies on ayahuasca date back to the early twentieth century and mention reports of expeditions to Amazonia from 1850 onward. Here, these articles and reports are analyzed according to the historical aspect of actor-network theory and recent studies. We infer that history casts light on the current political debate about indigenous uses, classifications, and meanings, pharmaceutical interest in ayahuasca, and the debate on "drugs."
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37194754
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Collections formed and studies conducted in the early decades of the twentieth century in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were crucial for the study of the systematization and natural history of mosquitoes in Brazil. One key fig...Collections formed and studies conducted in the early decades of the twentieth century in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were crucial for the study of the systematization and natural history of mosquitoes in Brazil. One key figure in this context was Antonio Gonçalves Peryassú. The history of a collection he organized at Museu Nacional [National Museum] in Rio de Janeiro between 1918 and 1922 is analyzed.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37194753
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The source presented is the Linao Game Regulation Project, prepared by the Club Gimnasia y Deportes, and published in Santiago in 1929. The brochure consists of a speech by Dr. Luis Bisquertt and the normative corpus of...The source presented is the Linao Game Regulation Project, prepared by the Club Gimnasia y Deportes, and published in Santiago in 1929. The brochure consists of a speech by Dr. Luis Bisquertt and the normative corpus of linao, an ancestral ball game. Its transcription is useful for the historical study of sport, and research on the modernization of traditions in the national construction. It is also useful to understand the pedagogical and eugenic discourses, associated with the professional activity developed by the first physical education teachers at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37194752
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Our objective is to show the roots of Freudo-Marxism as a specific form of contact between Marxism and psychoanalysis in the Spain of late Francoism and the Transition (1975-1978). We analyze the relevance of the term "F...Our objective is to show the roots of Freudo-Marxism as a specific form of contact between Marxism and psychoanalysis in the Spain of late Francoism and the Transition (1975-1978). We analyze the relevance of the term "Freudo-Marxism", its differences with Argentine militant psychoanalysis influential in social currents of psychoanalysis in Spain, and the historical review of the movement carried out by a relevant figure for Spanish psychology such as Antonio Caparrós i Benedicto. Finally, we address the relative reception of the work of Wilhelm Reich through the dissemination effort of Ramón García and the figure of Carlos Frigola, Eva Reich's apprentice and creator of the Reich Foundation.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37194751
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An analysis is presented of the work of three international entities in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s: Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e Organização de Comunidade; Ação Comunitária do Brasil; and the Un...An analysis is presented of the work of three international entities in Brazilian favelas in the 1960s: Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e Organização de Comunidade; Ação Comunitária do Brasil; and the United Nations. These entities conveyed the ideal of developmentalism through technical cooperation with countries deemed underdeveloped, drawing on the pure and applied social sciences through community development. Documents from the Anthony Leeds archive at Casa de Oswaldo Cruz were used to analyze these entities' actions in the favelas and their conceptions of development. Their official documents were compared, including newspapers and programs, as well as fieldnotes and letters by social scientists engaged in fieldwork in favelas in the period.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos
· 2023 · PMID 37018785
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Contributions from traditional knowledge and history have proven useful in recent years to advance drug discovery. In response to the emergence of covid-19, scientists revisited traditional Chinese medicine. This source...Contributions from traditional knowledge and history have proven useful in recent years to advance drug discovery. In response to the emergence of covid-19, scientists revisited traditional Chinese medicine. This source of inspiration for drugs to treat this new disease is described here at three different levels: traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, traditional Chinese medical formulas, and traditional Chinese medical texts. Drug discovery inspired by traditional Chinese medicine still faces serious resistance for various reasons, including its system of formulas and clinical trial design. A perspective that includes related issues would benefit the reasonable application of traditional knowledge in drug research and development.