Journal Of Global Infectious Diseases[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Pneumonia: Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiographic Features in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Nonhuman Immunodeficiency Virus Immunocompromised Patients.
Fang J, Lai R, Li J … +4 more , Huang J, Lai H, Cheng N, Xiang T
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958494 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: pneumonia (PJP) is a severe opportunistic infection in patients with weakened immune function, especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and various non-HIV immunocompromised patien...
INTRODUCTION: pneumonia (PJP) is a severe opportunistic infection in patients with weakened immune function, especially those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and various non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Here, we retrospectively compared the clinical, laboratory, and imaging features of PJP between HIV-infected and non-HIV-immunodepressed patients in Jiangxi Province to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide clinical treatment. Statistical analysis using normality tests (Shapiro-Wilk), -tests, and nonparametric tests highlighted major differences between the two groups. METHODS: The study included patients diagnosed with PJP from January 2020 to December 2024 in a tertiary A hospital in Jiangxi Province. The patients were divided into two groups: HIV infection ( = 30) and non-HIV immunosuppression ( = 60). Clinical data, laboratory results, and imaging findings of the two groups were analyzed. Statistical tests including Shapiro-Wilk normality test, -test for normally distributed variables, and nonparametric test were performed using SPSS version 26.0 to determine significant differences between groups. RESULTS: Compared with the HIV group, non-HIV immunocompromised patients had a higher mechanical ventilation rate and a higher likelihood of intensive care unit admission ( < 0.05). HIV-infected patients are younger and exhibit more severe systemic and respiratory symptoms (fever, dyspnea, cough, and asthma). Blood analysis showed white blood cell (WBC), Neutrophilicgranulocyte (NE), blood urea nitrogen (blood urea nitrogen) in non-HIV group. BUN) and Creatine Kinase MB Isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels were significantly increased (p<0.05), suggesting that most of these patients were complicated with immune function disorders such as heart, lung and kidney. The level of albumin-globulin (GLB) in HIV was significantly reduced, suggesting that the disease involved the liver or kidney and may be advanced. Imaging studies showed mediastinal lymph nodes, pleural effusion, bilateral infiltration, and ground-glass shadow in both groups. However, bilateral small pulmonary nodules, ground-glass shadows, and mediastinal lymph nodes were predominant in HIV patients, suggesting that various opportunistic infections may have occurred. In non-HIV immunocompromised patients, bilateral small lung nodules, mixed low-density shadows, and pleural effusion were predominant, suggesting a variety of potential diseases. A state of immunosuppression can lead to increased susceptibility to infection, tumorigenesis, and an increase in autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION: The majority of HIV-infected PJP patients in Jiangxi Province are young men, showing systemic symptoms and abnormal early lung imaging features. Non-HIV immunocompromised PJP patients showed nonsystemic symptoms and advanced lung imaging abnormalities. Basophils, total protein (TP), and GLB can reflect some states of the immune system. It can be used to preliminarily distinguish PJP patients with HIV infection from non-HIV immunocompromised patients. PJP co-infection with HIV usually involves complex immune responses and clinical manifestations, and relying on these indicators alone is not ideal for identification. A more accurate identification method should be combined with clinical symptoms, medical history, immune function tests (such as CD4+ T-cell count), viral load, and other indicators for comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, although the above indicators can provide a certain reference value for identification, they cannot be used as the only basis.
The Right Patient at the Right Place: A Quality Improvement Initiative Implementing Safe Dehospitalization of Patients Using Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy.
Garzella PMB, Felix TG, Dos Santos NO … +19 more , Bass LM, de Meireles LHF, Nunes CP, de Sousa AHF, Vieira CESC, Nóbrega D, Moniz S, Machado MA, de Lima FI, Trindade MF, Barros BSDS, Ramos ACMS, Ramalho PS, Cabral RM, Cota MFF, Schapowal KSP, Rolla F, de Barros CG, Vernal S
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958493 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Infection prevention programs promote a set of recommendations for rational antimicrobial management, encouraging outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) or step-down transitions to oral administ...
INTRODUCTION: Infection prevention programs promote a set of recommendations for rational antimicrobial management, encouraging outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) or step-down transitions to oral administration, when possible. However, proper selection of the right patient is critical for safe dehospitalization. The aim of the study was to report on implementing an outpatient antimicrobial management project using an improvement science framework. METHODS: A case report assessing a quality improvement initiative implementing an antimicrobial management project, DESOSP, in a Brazilian public tertiary hospital from July 2022 to June 2023. The intervention was implemented using a Breakthrough Series model, including plan-do-study-act cycles to promote OPAT and oral antimicrobial therapy (OAT) transitions. Clinical assistance outcomes were assessed from October 2022, including the dehospitalization rate of patients using antimicrobials in compliance with the eligibility criteria, the mean length of stay (MLS) of selected patients, and the hospital admission turnover rate. In addition, we used the financial data of OAT cases as a sample to estimate savings. RESULTS: After 9 months, DESOSP increased the dehospitalization rate of eligible patients from 70% to 91%. The MLS of these patients dropped from 4.2 to 2.8 days. Turnover rate increased from 0.5 to 0.9. The readmission rates of patients receiving antibiotic therapy discharged for the same pathology within 30 days were not modified. Considering the OAT sample, we estimated savings of USD$76,949.86 (return on investment of 201.2%). CONCLUSION: Promoting a safe, structural, and systematic process, training, and engaging clinical teams seems feasible and valuable for promoting stewardship recommendations in the public healthcare system.
Factors Influencing Early Sputum Culture Conversion in Pulmonary Drug-resistant Tuberculosis.
Kotokey UK, Kumari S
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958492 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: India bears the highest global burden of tuberculosis (TB), with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) posing substantial treatment challenges. Sputum culture conversion is a vital indicator of treatment response...
INTRODUCTION: India bears the highest global burden of tuberculosis (TB), with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) posing substantial treatment challenges. Sputum culture conversion is a vital indicator of treatment response and an early predictor of success in drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). This study aimed to evaluate the time to early sputum culture conversion (within 6 months) in DR-TB patients and identify factors influencing this outcome across different resistance patterns: MDR, MDR with fluoroquinolone resistance, MDR with second-line injectable resistance, and extensively DR-TB (XDR-TB). METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in India. Seventy-four DR-TB patients enrolled between January and October 2019 were assessed. Demographic data, comorbidities, and culture conversion times were analyzed using Chi-square tests and univariate logistic regression. <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Among the 74 patients (62.2% male; mean age 30 years), most MDR-TB patients (52%) achieved culture conversion within 3 months, while pre-XDR and XDR cases mostly converted within 2 months. Smoking ( = 0.03), low body mass index (BMI) ( = 0.025), cavitary lesions on chest X-ray ( = 0.01), and lower socioeconomic status ( = 0.02) were significantly associated with delayed conversion. CONCLUSION: Early sputum culture conversion is a key milestone in DR-TB treatment. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking, undernutrition, and cavitary disease may improve outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify interventions to accelerate culture conversion and enhance treatment success.
The State of the Globe: Unlocking Hospital Beds without Unlocking Harm.
Thakur S, Kim MM
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958491 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Evaluation of Sepsis Management in a Regional Community Hospital.
Abdelaziz H, Thibeault P, Laporte MM … +6 more , Bernard M, Cormier N, Landry D, Steeves J, Boucher C, Johnston G
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958490 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis remains a leading cause of global mortality. Despite established guidelines by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), adherence to time compliance with the SSC bundle is often inconsistent. In New Brun...
INTRODUCTION: Sepsis remains a leading cause of global mortality. Despite established guidelines by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC), adherence to time compliance with the SSC bundle is often inconsistent. In New Brunswick hospitals, this compliance has not been studied. This study evaluates compliance with the SSC bundle in a regional community hospital in New Brunswick (NB), Canada, and its impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center observational study was conducted to review sepsis and septic shock cases over 6 months. Patients were categorized into two groups: group A (sepsis or septic shock diagnosed at initial assessment) and Group B (diagnosed retrospectively based on SSC screening criteria and a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥2). The primary outcome was time compliance with SSC bundle components, while secondary outcomes included mortality, length of hospital stay, and quantity of crystalloid fluid administered. RESULTS: Of 44 patient charts reviewed, 20 met inclusion criteria (13 Group A and 7 Group B). Initial ordering compliance for the SSC bundle within 1 h was 45%, but processing compliance was only 5%. In an extended analysis, the time frame for antibiotic administration was broadened to 3 h, increasing overall compliance with the SSC bundle to 15%. When the analysis was extended to 3 hours for all bundle measures, ordering compliance rose to 60%, and processing compliance increased to 40%. Median time to antibiotic administration was 188 min, and median time to fluid initiation was 69 min. No significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes were observed between Group A and Group B. CONCLUSIONS: Delays in processing SSC bundle components highlight critical gaps in sepsis care. Implementing standardized protocols, enhancing communication, and utilizing real-time alert systems could improve compliance and patient outcomes in NB hospitals.
Hidden Burden of Hepatitis B: High Viral Loads among Asymptomatic Carriers in India.
Yadav AK, Vishwakarma K, Namdeo D … +4 more , Tripathi S, Dixit P, Nema S, Biswas D
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958489 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health issue in India, with a significant burden of undiagnosed asymptomatic carriers. Identifying such individuals is essential to achieve the World...
INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health issue in India, with a significant burden of undiagnosed asymptomatic carriers. Identifying such individuals is essential to achieve the World Health Organization's goal of HBV elimination by 2030. METHODS: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV viral load among asymptomatic healthcare workers and patients undergoing elective surgeries and to evaluate the need for universal HBV screening in such populations. This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center in Central India. Blood samples from 13,840 asymptomatic individuals were tested for HBsAg, and positives in HBsAg were further tested for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HBV DNA quantification was performed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based method on selected samples. RESULTS: Out of 13,840 individuals screened, 355 (2.57%) tested positive for HBsAg. Among these, 37 (10.42%) were HBeAg-positive, all of whom had HBV DNA levels > 2000 IU/ml. Notably, 48.64% of HBeAg-negative individuals also had significant viral loads. The average age of HBsAg-positive individuals was higher than negatives (42.38 ± 16.58 vs. 37.52 ± 18.92; = 0.008). Males were more frequently infected ( < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The study highlights a significant proportion of asymptomatic individuals with elevated HBV viral loads, particularly among HBeAg-negative cases. These findings support the implementation of universal HBV screening in preoperative and occupational health settings as a vital strategy for early detection, treatment initiation, and achieving national and global HBV elimination targets.
"Bilateral Nigral Hyperintensity Sign" in Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis.
Naaz S, Madduluri B, Turaga SP … +2 more , Balam Y, Siddaiah A
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958488 · Full text
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis is a rare cause of encephalitis in India and has no pathognomic imaging findings described. Here, we describe the case of a 17-year-old male with fever, cerebellitis, and extrapyrami...
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encephalitis is a rare cause of encephalitis in India and has no pathognomic imaging findings described. Here, we describe the case of a 17-year-old male with fever, cerebellitis, and extrapyramidal involvement, followed by altered sensorium. Imaging showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery bilaterally symmetric hyperintensities with diffusion restriction in substantia nigra. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and polymerase chain reaction were positive for EBV. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in EBV encephalitis are known to occur in cortical, subcortical regions, white matter, basal ganglia, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Isolated involvement of substantia nigra is less reported in the literature. Hence, this case highlights the clinical radiological correlation that can be seen in EBV encephalitis with secondary parkinsonism. The patient recovered after starting antivirals, steroids, and other symptomatic treatments.
Epidemiological Features, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnostic Evaluation, and Management Protocol of Splenic Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.
Chaudhary P, Kumar R, Alokjee M … +3 more , Bhalla A, Thakur S, Das P
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958487 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The splenic tuberculous involvement is common than other intra-abdominal solid organs such as the liver, pancreas, and kidney. The aim of this article is to present and share a review of the English-languag...
INTRODUCTION: The splenic tuberculous involvement is common than other intra-abdominal solid organs such as the liver, pancreas, and kidney. The aim of this article is to present and share a review of the English-language literature on splenic tuberculosis (TB) to gain a better understanding of etiopathogenesis, epidemiological features, and diagnostic methods and provide guidelines for its management and to present our experience of six cases. METHODS: The systematic search of the literature was performed on PubMed and Medline from 1950 to 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. RESULTS: Fifty-two manuscripts were included in this systematic review. All resulting titles, abstract, and full text, whenever available, were read and kept for reference. CONCLUSION: Direct histopathological demonstration is the best diagnostic modality. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the study of choice and polymerase chain reaction assay increases its sensitivity. The standard short course antitubercular therapy for 6 months is recommended for isolated splenic TB, and for widespread disease, 12-month therapy is recommended. Surgery is reserved for failure of medical therapy and complications such as abscess formation.
Pulmonary-renal Syndrome Caused by an Overlap Systemic Lupus Erythematosus/Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis Syndrome in the Setting of Immune Complex-mediated Glomerulonephritis in a Patient with COVID-19 Infection.
Betancourt MF, Nair R, Obi O … +1 more , Ambruzs JM
J Glob Infect Dis · 2026 · PMID 41958486 · Full text
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to be a global public health issue. Kidney disease is common, mainly presenting as acute kidney injury. Glomerular diseases have b...
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 continues to be a global public health issue. Kidney disease is common, mainly presenting as acute kidney injury. Glomerular diseases have been reported in COVID-19. We are presenting a case of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis in a patient with COVID-19 infection and probable superimposed systemic lupus erythematosus and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis overlap who developed a pulmonary-renal syndrome. The patient responded well with a combination of plasma exchange, rituximab, and glucocorticoid therapy. The treatment was successful with resolution of the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and prevention of potential end stage kidney disease. We would like to add this case to the literature as another example of the long-ranging potential autoimmune/autoinflammatory complications associated with COVID-19 disease.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Liver Fibrosis in People Living with HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Das D, Bairwa M, Sharma A … +2 more , Sharma R, Kant R
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583956 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: With Antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy in people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLHA) has improved, shifting focus to complications like liver fibrosis. Contributing factors...
INTRODUCTION: With Antiretroviral therapy (ART), life expectancy in people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (PLHA) has improved, shifting focus to complications like liver fibrosis. Contributing factors include HIV, ART-related metabolic changes, chronic inflammation, and co-infections (hepatitis B virus [HBV]/hepatitis C virus). However, HIV's independent role in fibrosis without traditional risk factors remains unclear. This study estimated liver fibrosis prevalence among PLHA in North India and identified associated risk factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months at a tertiary ART center, including 354 PLHA. Liver fibrosis was assessed using FibroScan and categorized into stages F0-F4. Laboratory tests included liver function, lipid profile, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and CD4 count. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the modified Adult Treatment Panel III of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Statistical methods included Chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression. RESULTS: The mean liver stiffness was 6.27 ± 1.87 kPa. Fibrosis stages included: F0-F1 (81.4%), F2 (13.6%), F3 (4.5%), and F4 (0.6%). Among HIV monoinfected patients without conventional risk factors, 12% had significant fibrosis, compared to 34% with risk factors ( < 0.001). Metabolic syndrome was the strongest independent predictor (Odds ratio = 27.86, < 0.001). A negative correlation was observed between high-density lipoprotein and liver stiffness (ρ = -0.29, < 0.001). No significant association was found with ART regimen, CD4 count, or viral load. CONCLUSION: Liver fibrosis was present in 18.7% of PLHA. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and HBV were key contributors. Routine fibrosis screening should be part of HIV care.
Assessment of Rapid COVID-19 Isolation Ward Implementation in Reducing Healthcare Worker Infections.
Chen TZ, Cheng BH, Liu CL … +1 more , Huang HM
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583955 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Because of insufficient number of standardized negative-pressure isolation rooms to manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rapid deployment of a temporary isolation ward in our hospital was required. T...
INTRODUCTION: Because of insufficient number of standardized negative-pressure isolation rooms to manage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), rapid deployment of a temporary isolation ward in our hospital was required. This report is intended to share our experience in the rapid deployment of a temporary isolation ward during a COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: We constructed a temporary hospital ward with 22 negative-pressure single-bed patient rooms to take care of COVID-19 patients. One-way traffic control for healthcare workers (HCWs) was designed. The temperature, humidity, and air changes per hour in each room were monitored. Each fan above ceiling of the nurse station was equipped with two ultraviolet-C (UV-C) 254 nm lamps to sterilize the environment and provide fresh air. All HCWs in the unit were tested for COVID-19 once a week by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal samples. RESULTS: During the period of May 31-June17, 2021, 55 patients with COVID-19 were admitted to this isolation ward, which was constructed in 2 days. The mean air changes per hour of the patient room were 11 times, and the temperature and humidity were 20.6°C and 74%, respectively. The pressure differential between the patient rooms and the corridor was 3 Pascals (Pa), lesser in the rooms. All of 966 PCR tests performed for HCWs were negative. CONCLUSION: The temporary COVID-19 isolation unit, constructed in 2 days, was effective for patient care and protection of HCWs.
A Mortise of Immune Cells: Leprosy with Disseminated Dermatophytosis.
Singh S, Upadhyaya A, Islahi S … +1 more , Gupta S
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583954 · Full text
Dermatophytosis and Hansen's disease in themselves are highly prevalent and endemic infections of tropical countries. However, the cases of mixed infections are rarely reported. The possibility of superficial fungal infe...
Dermatophytosis and Hansen's disease in themselves are highly prevalent and endemic infections of tropical countries. However, the cases of mixed infections are rarely reported. The possibility of superficial fungal infection in leprosy may be explained by the general immunocompromised state of the patients here, we report a very startling case of dual infection or co-localization of leprosy patches with tinea who presented to our tertiary level setup. This case highlights the importance of a proper detailed clinical examination with microbiological investigations to avoid misdiagnosis and missing of such rare cases of mixed infections in the endemic regions.
Global Overview, Emerging Patterns, and Networking of West Nile Virus Research: A Scientometric Analysis.
Espinoza-Carhuancho F, Cabanillas-Lazo M, Alvitez-Temoche D … +1 more , Mayta-Tovalino F
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583953 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The West Nile virus (WNV) has become a global concern, triggering major outbreaks in the United States and other regions. Effective surveillance and early detection are essential for controlling its spread....
INTRODUCTION: The West Nile virus (WNV) has become a global concern, triggering major outbreaks in the United States and other regions. Effective surveillance and early detection are essential for controlling its spread. This study aims to assess the global landscape of WNV research, identify emerging trends, and analyze collaborative networks in the field. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in the Scopus database on July 14, 2024, covering publications from January 2019 to July 2024 that included specific keywords in their titles or abstracts. Metadata from 2305 documents were extracted and analyzed using SciVal and Bibliometrix, applying various indicators and metrics to evaluate research trends and collaborations. RESULTS: The most prominent authors and institutions in this field include Ute Ziegler of the Friedrich-Loeffler Institute in Germany, Giovanni Savini of the Instituto Zooprofilattico Experimentale di Abruzzo e Molise in Italy, and Sylvie Lecollinet of the National Food Safety Agency, de l'Environnement et du Travail in France. The journals most central to WNV research include viruses and pathogens, the Journal of Medical Entomology, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, and PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. The thematic evolution of WNV research reveals various key themes over time. Most publications were concentrated in the first quartile (Q1), although a decreasing trend was observed in the number of publications over time in all quartiles. The USA had the largest number of corresponding authors. CONCLUSION: These findings provide a comprehensive view of the scope, influence, and impact of WNV research, highlighting the importance of international collaboration in this field.
State of the Globe: Multimarker Diagnostic Strategies: A Promising Leap Forward in Differentiating Candidemia from Bacteremia.
Kumar N, Goncalves RV
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583952 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Oral Manifestations of Monkeypox: A Global Scoping Review of Evidence.
Sridhar C, Krithika C, Deshpande A … +3 more , Santhanakrishnan S, Narasingam A, Pachamuthu B
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583951 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, has emerged as a significant global public health concern, particularly due to outbreaks in non-endemic regions. While cutaneous lesions are its...
INTRODUCTION: Monkeypox, a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus, has emerged as a significant global public health concern, particularly due to outbreaks in non-endemic regions. While cutaneous lesions are its hallmark, oral manifestations like mucosal lesions, ulcers, and enanthema may precede other symptoms, posing unique diagnostic challenges. This review aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical features, and implications of oral manifestations of monkeypox, emphasizing their importance in medical and dental practice. METHODS: A scoping review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines analyzed studies on oral symptoms of monkeypox published from 2005 to 2024. Comprehensive searches of databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were carried out and MeSH terms such as "oral lesions," "monkeypox," and "stomatitis" were used. Three independent reviewers extracted data on clinical presentations, prevalence, and implications for dental care. RESULTS: Oral lesions, including ulcers, vesicles, sore throats, and necrosis on the tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa, are key diagnostic markers of monkeypox. Prevalence rates varied widely (7-100%), with higher rates evident in immunocompromised individuals and pediatric populations, with smaller studies often reporting higher rates. Lesions typically lasted 7-14 days, extending to three weeks in severe cases and were associated with secondary infections, pain and dysphagia particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Management included hydration, analgesics, and, in some cases, antiviral therapy like tecovirimat. The findings emphasize the need for standardized reporting of oral symptoms to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical care. CONCLUSION: Oral manifestations of monkeypox are critical diagnostic and transmission markers. Dental practitioners should consider monkeypox in the differential diagnosis of unexplained oral ulcers, particularly in high-risk populations. Heightened awareness and standardized reporting can optimize diagnosis, care, and epidemic control efforts.
Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of Interleukin-6, C-reactive Protein, and Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells, Individually and Combined, in Differentiating Candidemia from Bacteremia in Intensive Care Unit Patients.
Khuchua E, Didbaridze T, Gvajaia N … +7 more , Kupradze V, Ormotsadze G, Sanikidze T, Intskirveli N, Pachkoria E, Megrelishvili T, Ratiani L
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583950 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Differentiating candidemia from bacteremia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is critical for effective treatment but is often delayed by reliance on conventional diagnostics like blood cultures. This st...
INTRODUCTION: Differentiating candidemia from bacteremia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is critical for effective treatment but is often delayed by reliance on conventional diagnostics like blood cultures. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1), individually and in combination, for distinguishing these bloodstream infections (BSIs). METHODS: This prospective observational study included 74 ICU patients with BSIs admitted to a university-affiliated hospital between September 2023 and August 2024. Biomarker levels were measured on the 2 day of ICU admission. Diagnostic performance was assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Of the 74 patients, 54 (72.9%) had bacteremia and 20 (27.1%) had candidemia. IL-6 and sTREM-1 levels were significantly higher in candidemia ( < 0.001), whereas CRP alone did not show discriminatory power ( = 0.981). The combined biomarker model achieved an area under the curve of 0.818, demonstrating superior diagnostic performance compared to individual markers. CONCLUSIONS: IL-6 and sTREM-1 are effective biomarkers for distinguishing candidemia from bacteremia, with CRP providing additional value in a multibiomarker model. This approach may enhance diagnostic precision and improve clinical decision-making in ICU settings.
Challenges in Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with Silicosis.
Dixit R, Srivastava K
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583949 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Hunting Trophozoites: A Rare Case of Amebiasis in an Infant.
Rao S, Osama MA, Wadhwa N
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583948 · Full text
The authors present a case of neonatal amebiasis in a 5-month-old girl who exhibited symptoms including vomiting, refusal to feed, abdominal distension, and mucoid, bloody stools. Sigmoidoscopy revealed multiple aphthous...
The authors present a case of neonatal amebiasis in a 5-month-old girl who exhibited symptoms including vomiting, refusal to feed, abdominal distension, and mucoid, bloody stools. Sigmoidoscopy revealed multiple aphthous ulcers, and a colonic biopsy was submitted with clinical suspicion of eosinophilic colitis. The histologic examination of the biopsy, however, confirmed the diagnosis of amebic colitis through identification of trophozoites of . The infant, who was likely infected by her caregiver or mother, was successfully treated with intravenous metronidazole. This report aims to raise awareness about the possibility of amebiasis in infants, particularly in endemic regions; thus, it should be kept as a differential in cases presenting with such symptoms.
Evaluating Tuberculosis Screening Tools: A Decade-Long Network Meta-Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity with Bibliometric Insights.
Mufida DC, Hibatulloh MF, Fadhil MY … +5 more , Anwar DFF, Pramusinta CK, Salma ZN, Salsabil AES, Chandrarini AS
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41583947 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge despite numerous innovations in diagnostic methods. Accurate early identification is essential for effective TB management and prevention of d...
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge despite numerous innovations in diagnostic methods. Accurate early identification is essential for effective TB management and prevention of disease spread. METHODS: This study combined bibliometrics and network meta-analysis (NMA) to evaluate publication trends and compare the sensitivity and specificity of various TB screening tools against the gold standard, culture. Literature searches were conducted in seven databases over the period 2014-2024. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model with adjustment for quality of evidence using Confidence in NMA. RESULTS: Of the 22 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 13 diagnostic tools were compared in 34 direct and 44 indirect comparisons. Culture remained the method with the best accuracy. TB molecular bacterial load assay (TB-MBLA), mNGS, and RT- (RT-MTB) performed closest to culture in terms of sensitivity and specificity, making them promising candidates for TB screening. No significant incoherence was found, but there was high inconsistency and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that molecular methods provide rapid detection and superior diagnostic performance compared to conventional methods, while also necessitating consideration of specificity factors and the risk of overdiagnosis. These findings highlight the urgent need to prioritize affordable, rapid, and scalable TB screening tools such as TB-MBLA and RT-MTB in low-resource, high-burden settings to improve early detection and reduce transmission.
Evaluation of a Digital Tool to Collect COVID-19 Surveillance Data.
van der Meulen MJSR, de Graaf LM, Hautvast JLA
J Glob Infect Dis · 2025 · PMID 41049258 · Full text
INTRODUCTION: The timely collection and dissemination of public health surveillance data is crucial in infectious disease outbreak control. Traditional methods of collecting surveillance data through telephone interviews...
INTRODUCTION: The timely collection and dissemination of public health surveillance data is crucial in infectious disease outbreak control. Traditional methods of collecting surveillance data through telephone interviews aimed at source and contact tracing can be vulnerable during an epidemic with rapidly increasing cases. To address this, we introduced a digital questionnaire that allowed for the timely retrieval of essential surveillance data. METHODS: This study evaluates the response rate and timeliness of the collection of surveillance data from COVID-19-positive individuals using this method and compares the demographic characteristics of responders and non-responders. RESULTS: The study involved 3240 individuals who tested positive on the COVID-19 laboratory test and were sent a digital questionnaire. Results show that a majority responded the same day (>80%), making it noninferior to conventional (telephonic) COVID-19 surveillance data collection in terms of speed. CONCLUSION: Our collection method yields responses from all genders, ages, and socioeconomic groups, including individuals with and without a history of COVID-19, and those tested by both the Public Health Service and third-party test sites. This allows personnel to focus on other priorities such as delivering health education and outbreak management. However, this method has limitations: it is ineffective for individuals without an email address, those facing language barriers, and cases where employers provided their own email addresses instead of the individual's email address. Future research into the quality of the answers provided in a digital questionnaire and its use in surveillance data collection for other infectious diseases is necessary.
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