Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish Journal Of Psychiatry[JOURNAL]
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200 papers
Turkish Adaptation of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire: A Psychometric Evaluation in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples.
Fidan YS, Kizilsert A, Usta NİD … +7 more , Koçak NP, Çalli SY, Özçeri C, Alihanoğlu SU, Okan E, Albayrak M, Aydemir Ö
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891808 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ-TR) in clinical and non-clinical samples. METHOD: This cross-sectional...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Clinical Perfectionism Questionnaire (CPQ-TR) in clinical and non-clinical samples. METHOD: This cross-sectional study included 63 clinical participants (Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) and 148 non-clinical participants. The scale adaptation was conducted using a translation–back translation procedure. Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency analyses were performed. Convergent and concurrent validity were examined through correlations with the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scales–21 (DASS–21), and the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). RESULTS: The internal consistency of the original 12-item CPQ-TR was found to be at a borderline level (Cronbach’s α=0.677); following the removal of Items 2 and 8, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the resulting 10-item form increased to 0.76. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated limited support for a unidimensional factor structure. The CPQ-TR showed strong correlations with the FMPS (r=0.593) and moderate correlations with the Y-BOCS and DASS-21 (r=0.30–0.35). Participants with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder had significantly higher CPQ scores compared to those with Major Depressive Disorder (p=0.018) and healthy controls (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the 12-item CPQ-TR demonstrates borderline internal consistency but remains a valid instrument for assessing clinical perfectionism. The 10-item version appears to be a more psychometrically robust option for use in both research and clinical settings.
Treatment of Comorbid Schizophrenia in an Adolescent with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report.
Gümüş AEÖ, Onat M
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891807 · Full text
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility, growth retardation, hearing loss, and short stature. Literature on the comorbidity of OI and psychotic disorders is limit...
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by bone fragility, growth retardation, hearing loss, and short stature. Literature on the comorbidity of OI and psychotic disorders is limited. Antipsychotic side effects such as hyperprolactinemia, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension may increase fracture risk, presenting challenges in comorbid cases. Here, we describe a 14-year-old male with OI and schizophrenia. The patient presented with a three-month history of irritability, self-harm, auditory hallucinations, and referential delusions. His history included multiple fractures, leading to OI diagnosis at age 8. He was admitted with acute psychotic disorder and treated with aripiprazole 20 mg/day, resulting in significant symptom improvement. No new bone fractures were observed during one year of follow-up. This case highlights the management of comorbid OI and schizophrenia. Fracture risk is a critical concern in OI patients. Clinicians should carefully select antipsychotics in the presence of psychosis and closely monitor patients to minimize adverse effects. Keywords: Adolescent, antipsychotics, osteogenesis imperfecta, schizophrenia, side effects.
Clozapine-Induced Myocarditis in Huntington's Disease: Case Report.
Turhan NÖ
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891806 · Full text
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Its clinical presentation is primarily characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric s...
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Its clinical presentation is primarily characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Common psychiatric manifestations of HD include mood and anxiety disorders as well as behavioral and personality changes. Psychosis is relatively rare. Clozapine may be used for HD with psychosis because of its low extrapyramidal side effect profile. However, clozapine administration has been associated with rare but potentially fatal adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis and myocarditis. Clozapine-induced myocarditis is a severe complication that typically emerges within the first weeks of treatment and can lead to cardiovascular collapse if not recognized early. Although cardiac autonomic dysregulation and basal cardiac stress induced by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein accumulation are recognized in patients with Huntington’s disease (HD), data regarding clozapine toxicity within this specific context remain limited. This case report presents a 51-year-old male patient who developed acute myocarditis during clozapine treatment initiated for psychotic symptoms arising in the context of HD. Following the discontinuation of clozapine, the patient was referred for cardiological monitoring. Throughout this paper, we will discuss the diagnostic process of myocarditis—a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of clozapine—and potential contributing factors. This case highlights the vital importance of early cardiac monitoring during clozapine use, particularly in psychiatric conditions accompanied by neurodegenerative processes. Keywords: Case report, chorea, clozapine, Huntington’s disease, myocarditis, psychosis.
Psychotherapy Experiences within Multidisciplinary Care for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder: A Qualitative Study.
Demirsöz T
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891805 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition associated with significant disability and shaped by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social processes....
OBJECTIVE: Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (FNSD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition associated with significant disability and shaped by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social processes. Although clinical recognition of FNSD has increased, patients’ subjective experiences of psychotherapy within multidisciplinary treatment remain insufficiently examined. This study aimed to qualitatively explore psychotherapy experiences of individuals diagnosed with FNSD who received short-term cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as part of a multidisciplinary treatment program. METHOD: Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 12 patients diagnosed with functional movement disorders who had completed a multidisciplinary inpatient treatment program. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis to identify recurrent patterns across the narratives. RESULTS: Patients described therapeutic change across four domains: reduced symptom burden, improved emotional regulation, shifts in illness-related perspectives, and increased behavioral engagement in daily functioning. Change was primarily attributed to three domains: (i) the therapeutic relationship and the psychologically safe treatment environment, (ii) individual readiness and active participation in therapy, and (iii) structured cognitive, behavioral, and experiential techniques. Nevertheless, variability in outcomes was evident, as some patients reported persistent symptoms and ongoing emotional challenges. CONCLUSION: Psychotherapy experiences in FNSD are not limited to symptom reduction. Alongside improvement, multidimensional experiences such as increased self-awareness, changes in how they understand and interpret their experiences, and re-engagement in daily life were also reported. These findings provide clinically meaningful insights into how therapeutic change is experienced within psychotherapy for FNSD and the factors to which this change is attributed by patients.
Relationship Between Visual Integration, Social Cognition, and Symptoms in Schizophrenia: An Eye-Tracking Study.
Corum EN, Corum M, Tas C
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891804 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the associations between eye movement patterns, visual contour integration, social cognitive abilities, and symptom severity in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. METHOD: The stu...
OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the associations between eye movement patterns, visual contour integration, social cognitive abilities, and symptom severity in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. METHOD: The study included 40 clinically stable patients with schizophrenia. Eye movements were recorded using an eye-tracking system during a free-viewing paradigm. Visual integration was evaluated with the Jittered Orientation Visual Integration (JOVI) task, while social cognition was assessed using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and the Hinting Task. Symptom severity was measured with the PANSS. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: Positive symptom severity was positively correlated with increased fixation counts and faster path velocity in social contexts. Conversely, social cognition was negatively correlated with fixation duration and saccadic velocity during face exploration. Participants exhibited significantly lower fixation counts when viewing socially relevant images. Additionally, shorter saccade length and slower path velocity were observed during face viewing. However, no significant relationship was found between eye movements and contour integration. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia may be significantly associated with social cognition and symptom severity. Although causal inferences cannot be drawn due to the cross-sectional design, the findings help clarify inconsistencies in the literature and partially address gaps regarding eye movement research. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights for the development of eye movement–based assessment and intervention approaches in clinical practice.
A Comparison of Misophonia and Autistic Traits in Parents of Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Turgut FS, Öztürk M, Akan Z … +1 more , Yilmaz ED
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891803 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare misophonia levels and autistic traits between parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of typically developing children. METHODS: Parents of chil...
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare misophonia levels and autistic traits between parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parents of typically developing children. METHODS: Parents of children diagnosed with ASD who presented to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry outpatient clinic (n=56) and parents of typically developing children (n=56) were included in the study. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was administered to the children with ASD. All participating parents completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) and the Amsterdam Misophonia Scale– Revised (AMISOS-R). RESULTS: The rate of reporting throat sounds as a misophonic trigger was higher among parents of children with ASD (p=0.004). Weak but significant positive correlations were found across all participants between the AMISOS-R total score and the AQ total score, the attention switching subscale score, and the communication subscale score (r=0.275, p=0.003; r=0.266, p=0.005; r=0.35, p<0.001, respectively). Among parents of children with ASD, the AMISOS-R total score was positively correlated with items 3, 5, and 9 of the CARS (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings support potential associations between misophonia and ASD, and suggest that misophonia in parents may be related to certain characteristics in the child, such as sensory processing and emotional regulation.
A Psychiatric Perspective on Bariatric Surgery and Obesity: What Do Psychiatrists Think and Do? A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.
Koçyiğit Y, Çap D, Ay ŞB
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891802 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels, attitudes, and referral practices of psychiatrists regarding obesity and bariatric surgery. METHOD: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a questionnair...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels, attitudes, and referral practices of psychiatrists regarding obesity and bariatric surgery. METHOD: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to 169 psychiatrists and 75 psychiatry residents across Turkiye. The questionnaire included sections on demographic characteristics, clinical approaches to obesity, sources of information about bariatric surgery, referral tendencies, psychiatric contraindications, and knowledge regarding the postoperative period. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire created by the researchers and administered online via Google Forms. RESULTS: Most participants were able to define obesity (82.8%) correctly, but a large proportion reported that they do not routinely record patients’ height and weight in clinical practice (71.3%). It was reported by 78.7% of the participants that they had conducted at least one psychiatric evaluation prior to bariatric surgery, and 69.7% stated that they would refer patients for surgery when appropriate indications were present. Psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, and eating disorders were most frequently considered as contraindications, while anxiety and personality disorders were generally not regarded as contraindications. The level of knowledge regarding the conditions that need to be considered after surgery varied, with predominant lack of knowledge regarding nutritional management. Approximately one-third of the participants reported that they do not have sufficient knowledge about obesity treatment. CONCLUSION: Although the general attitudes towards bariatric surgery are positive, there were differences in levels of knowledge and some barriers affecting referral to surgery were evident. These findings highlight the need to develop educational programs aimed at enhancing psychiatrists’ knowledge and skills related to bariatric surgery.
Investigation of Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Trichotillomania.
Yazici S, Üstün ESA, Ilhan RS … +1 more , Saka MC
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2026 · PMID 41891801 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Immunological factors may play a role in the etiology of trichotillomania (TTM). Peripheral inflammatory markers such as Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte...
OBJECTIVE: Immunological factors may play a role in the etiology of trichotillomania (TTM). Peripheral inflammatory markers such as Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR), Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) have not yet been investigated in TTM. This study aimed to compare TTM with healthy control (HC) in terms of various inflammatory markers such as NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, SII. METHOD: The electronic records were examined of patients who were diagnosed with TTM who attended to the outpatient psychiatry clinic between January 2022 and December 2023. 46 TTM and 44 HC were included in the study. Blood samples for 90 participants were examined from electronic records, and NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII values were calculated. Participants with TTM were scored according to disease severity using the Clinical Global Impression–Severity (CGI-S) scale. RESULTS: NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, and SII were significantly higher in TTM. No significant correlation was found between CGI-S scores and NLR, PLR, MLR, MHR, and SII values in TTM. According to binary logistic regression analysis, a significant relationship was found between NLR and TTM. CONCLUSION: TTM group have elevated peripheral inflammatory markers compared with HC group. Findings of the study support the potential inflammatory process in TTM.
Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of the Five Item Social Frailty Scale.
Karakurt N, Çataltepe E, Çeker E … +3 more , Fadiloğlu A, Güngör F, Varan HD
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41457888 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Social frailty, defined by reduced social participation, isolation, and loss of self-sufficiency, represents a critical dimension of overall frailty in older adults. This study aimed to translate the five item...
OBJECTIVE: Social frailty, defined by reduced social participation, isolation, and loss of self-sufficiency, represents a critical dimension of overall frailty in older adults. This study aimed to translate the five item social frailty scale (SFS) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties among community-dwelling older adults. METHOD: A total of 308 participants aged ≥65 years were included. Individuals with dementia, active malignancy, infection, or difficulty communicating in Turkish were excluded. All participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, including evaluation of demographics and comorbidities. The SFS was translated using a standardized forward–backward procedure and pretested in 15 participants. Internal consistency, factor structure, inter-rater, and intra-rater reliability were assessed. Construct validity was examined via correlations between SFS scores and geriatric assessment measures. RESULTS: The mean age was 74.8±6.2 years, with 49% female. Social frailty distribution was 46.4% robust, 34.1% pre-frail, and 19.5% frail. Social frailty was less common among women, married individuals, and those engaging in regular physical activity. Social frailty scale scores correlated positively with depression and clinical frailty and negatively with cognitive function and daily activities (p<0.001). Inter- and intrarater reliability were excellent (κ=0.85–0.90, p<0.001). Cronbach’s α was 0.655. Principal component analysis (PCA) supported a unidimensional structure explaining 33.5% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: The Turkish SFS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing social frailty in older adults and can be confidently applied in clinical and research settings.
Approach To Families Of Children With Developmental Language Disorder From A Neurodevelopmental Perspective.
Yuluğ-Taş B, Özyurt G, Yavuz-Kan Ö … +3 more , Ulaş G, Gökmen G, Oral E
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41457887 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms in the parents of children diagnosed with language disorder (LD) and to compare these characteristics with those of parents...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence of neurodevelopmental disorder symptoms in the parents of children diagnosed with language disorder (LD) and to compare these characteristics with those of parents of typically developing children. METHOD: The study included 76 children diagnosed with LD and 71 typically developing controls, along with their parents. The diagnosis of LD was based on DSM-5 criteria. Language and other developmental domains were assessed using the Denver II developmental screening test. Neurodevelopmental symptoms in parents were evaluated using the Wender-Utah Rating Scale (WURS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), and the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ). RESULTS: Maternal education level was significantly lower in the LD group compared to parents of typically developing children (p<0.001). Parents of children with LD scored significantly higher on the TAS, WURS, and AQ scales compared to the control group (all p <0.001). Deficits in speech and language abilities were observed among the children of parents who obtained high scores (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: The presence of neurodevelopmental symptoms in parents may confer the risk of language, cognitive, and other neurodevelopmental delays in their children. Early diagnosis and family-centered intervention approaches are critical to mitigating these risks and supporting psychosocial functioning.
Continued or Discontinued Antidepressant Treatment During Pregnancy? A Single Center Long Term Follow-up Study.
Tirmikçioğlu Z
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41457886 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term follow-up data and risks associated with untreated depression and antidepressant use in pregnancy. METHOD: Patients who received consultation at the Clinical Pharmaco...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term follow-up data and risks associated with untreated depression and antidepressant use in pregnancy. METHOD: Patients who received consultation at the Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit at the Izmir Ataturk Research and Training Hospital for concerns related to use of medication during pregnancy between 2016 and 2020 were included in the study. During the initial interviews with the patients, data were collected regarding maternal characteristics and drug exposures. In follow-up calls after delivery, detailed information about pregnancy and birth outcomes was gathered. RESULTS: Among 2323 pregnant women who sought consultation due to drug use during pregnancy, 17% were receiving antidepressant treatment (398/2323). In follow-up calls, 290 women were reached. In women who had received no therapy during pregnancy (n=240), rates of gestational diabetes (p=0.02), pregnancy depression (p=0.01), postpartum depression (p<0.0001), and decreased breast milk (p=0.02) were significantly higher compared to women who continued treatment (n=50). CONCLUSION: In pregnant individuals with an ongoing antidepressant use, the benefits and risks of antidepressant continuation should be weighed carefully.
The Relationship Between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Psychological Resilience with Quality of Life in Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Comparative Study.
Uzun A, Özdin S, Laçiner K … +4 more , Böke Ö, Sarisoy G, Karabekiroğlu A, Güz HÖ
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41457885 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), psychological resilience (PR), and quality of life (QoL) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: A to...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), psychological resilience (PR), and quality of life (QoL) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: A total of 144 participants (72 patients with OCD and 72 matched healthy controls) were included. Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS), the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and the Yale- Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). RESULTS: The groups were matched for age, gender, and socioeconomic status (p>0.05). The OCD group had significantly higher IU scores and lower QoL scores across all SF-36 domains compared to controls. In the OCD group, all QoL subscales showed a significant negative correlation with total IUS scores (strongest for vitality: r=-0.676, p<0.001) and a significant positive correlation with total RSA scores (strongest for vitality: r=0.619, p<0.001). Regression analyses indicated that PR, illness duration, and symptom severity (Y-BOCS) were significant predictors of QoL, explaining 15.9% to 55.3% of the variance in key mental health-related QoL domains. CONCLUSION: QoL in OCD patients is significantly impaired compared to healthy individuals. This impairment is strongly associated with higher IU, lower psychological resilience, and greater symptom severity.
The Mediating Role of the Primary Emotional Systems and Rumination on the Relationship Between Resilience and Perceived Stress.
Hasanli J, Alici YH, Bağcaz A
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41457884 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the potential mediating influence of primary emotional systems and rumination on the relationship between resilience and perceived stress. METHOD: A sample of 503 undergraduate stud...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the potential mediating influence of primary emotional systems and rumination on the relationship between resilience and perceived stress. METHOD: A sample of 503 undergraduate students completed a selfreport battery including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Ruminative Responses Scale–Brief Form (RRS-BF), and the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS). Common method bias was assessed and found not to be a significant concern. Hypothesized relationships and indirect effects were tested using path analysis and mediation analysis (bootstrapping), with model fit assessed via CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and BIC indices. RESULTS: The final model, controlling for gender and age, demonstrated good fit (χ²/df = 2.91, RMSEA = 0.068, TLI = 0.963, CFI = 0.998). Resilience was negatively associated with the FEAR, SADNESS, and ANGER systems, brooding, and perceived stress (all p<0.001). FEAR and SADNESS were positively associated with brooding and perceived stress. Brooding was positively associated with perceived stress. Bootstrap analyses confirmed significant indirect effects of resilience on perceived stress through FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER, and brooding (β= -0.253, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Resilience capacity may influence stress evaluation through its relationship with primary emotional systems and rumination. These findings suggest that interactions between subcortical emotional mechanisms and cortical processes play a role in stress perception. Further research should investigate negative primary emotional systems as potential neuromodulation targets in stress processing Keywords: Affective.
Reliability and Validity Study of a Culturally Adapted Turkish Version of the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA.
Tüzün Z, Çuhadaroğlu FÇ, Akdemir D … +4 more , Özdemir DF, Temizel EA, Kahveci NGY, Goth K
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41457883 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to adapt the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), which is used to distinguish healthy identity development from identity diffusion in terms of impaired personalit...
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to adapt the Assessment of Identity Development in Adolescence (AIDA), which is used to distinguish healthy identity development from identity diffusion in terms of impaired personality functioning, into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties. METHOD: The sample consisted of 846 participants. The school sample consists of 778 adolescents from schools covering three different socioeconomic levels. The clinical sample consisted of 68 adolescents who were evaluated at Hacettepe University Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health and the Division of Adolescent Medicine. All participants completed the Offer Self-İmage Scales (OSIQ) and the AIDA Turkish. DSM-IV-based clinical interview, Scale For Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia For Kids-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and DSM-III-R Structured Clinical Interview For Axis II Disorders (SCID-II) were applied to the clinical sample. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis showed that the phenotypical factor structure of the AIDA Turkish was similar to the original. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient is 0.93 on the total scale, 0.83 and 0.90 on the two primary subscales, and between 0.65 and 0.80 on the subscale level. AIDA Turkish total score identity diffusion was found to significantly distinguish the clinical sample with diagnosed personality disorders from the school sample, with a large effect size (d = 0.9) between the school sample and a clinical sample with diagnosed personality disorders. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded a clinical cut-off score of 107 (95% CI: 0.66–0.86, p <0.001) providing 81% sensitivity and 84% specificity. CONCLUSION: AIDA Turkish is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate identity development and detect pathological identity diffusion.
Peripheral Circular RNA Expression Levels in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: Associations with Clinical Characteristics and Behavioral Phenotypes.
Ünal ŞO, Aydin M, Özdemir EM … +1 more , Zengin HY
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41392551 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders by regulating synaptic gene expression. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the perip...
OBJECTIVE: Circular RNA (circRNA) molecules may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders by regulating synaptic gene expression. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the peripheral expression levels of three circRNA molecules (chr3_196488683, chr5_69175537, and hsa_circ_0084021) and clinical characteristics, specifically behavioral phenotypes related to self-harm and harm to others, in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. METHODS: The study included 104 patients aged 18–65 diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and circRNA molecules were identified using RNA sequencing techniques. Clinical status was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impressions Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, and Suicide Probability Scale. The relationship between concurrent circRNA levels and clinical features was investigated. RESULTS: A significant positive correlation was observed among the circRNAs (p<0.001). Apart from a weak positive correlation between chr3_196488683 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory score (r=0.213, p=0.03), no significant relationship was found between clinical scales and circRNAs. No significant difference was detected between groups regarding suicidal behavior. However, mean levels of all circRNAs were found to be statistically significantly higher in the group with self-injurious behavior (chr3_196488683, p=0.036; chr5_69175537, p=0.001; hsa_circ_0084021, p=0.045). Similarly, levels of chr3_196488683 and chr5_69175537 were significantly higher in the group with homicidal behavior (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that peripheral circRNA levels may be associated with anxiety and behavioral risk profiles involving harm to self or others, indicating their potential value as biomarkers.
The Psychiatric Association of Türkiye Depression Treatment Guidelines - I: Introduction, Terminology, Core Concepts, Assessment Methods.
Öztürk EÖ, Tatli SZ, Buçgün İ … +27 more , Ceylan D, Çelik HEA, Eker MÇ, Ercis M, Korkmaz ŞA, Altinyazar V, Özbaran B, Özgündüz CM, Karaş H, Özgüven HD, Yilancioğlu HY, Alkan M, Eker Ö, Uygur ÖF, Şenol ŞH, Özbek SU, Cankorur VŞ, Kir Y, Aktürk BE, Ataşlar EY, Altun İK, Tekdemir R, Erbasan V, Akdeniz F, Bora E, Atagün Mİ, Aydemir Ö
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41131988 · Full text
Major depressive disorder (MDD), with its heterogeneous nature and variable course, poses significant challenges for clinicians in treatment planning and clinical decision-making. These challenges are further compounded...
Major depressive disorder (MDD), with its heterogeneous nature and variable course, poses significant challenges for clinicians in treatment planning and clinical decision-making. These challenges are further compounded by the rapid emergence of new treatment options and the uncertainty regarding their place within clinical algorithms. In this context, structured treatment guidelines that offer sequential, evidence-based recommendations based on comparative evaluation of available interventions have become essential reference tools for clinicians. Although various international guidelines offer comprehensive recommendations, the absence of a locally relevant and up-to-date guideline tailored to national clinical needs remains a critical gap. This guideline was developed to address that gap, aiming to provide a scientifically grounded and clinically applicable resource for the treatment of depression in Türkiye. This guideline reviews recent developments in MDD treatment and presents evidence-based, sequential recommendations applicable to clinical practice in Türkiye. It also systematically covers assessment tools, clinical subtypes, outcome measures and decision-making processes that may guide treatment planning. This article introduces the methodological framework, development process and the core concepts and definitions related to the guideline. Keywords: Psychometric rating, terminology, treatment of depression, treatment resistance.
Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability Study of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Stigma Scale into Turkish.
Çivgin U
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070522 · Full text
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to adapt the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Stigma Scale to Turkish and to determine its psychometric properties. This scale, which can be used for anyone showing generalized anxiety sym...
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to adapt the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Stigma Scale to Turkish and to determine its psychometric properties. This scale, which can be used for anyone showing generalized anxiety symptoms, has two sub-scale consisting of 9 statements (personal stigma and perceived stigma). METHOD: After the translation, 659 participants were included in the study via convenience sampling. The demographic information form, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Stigma Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were presented to the participants as a questionnaire set. RESULTS: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest and item total correlation findings were obtained for reliability. Cronbach’s alpha values of the scale were 0.78 for the personal stigma sub-scale and 0.87 for the perceived stigma sub-scale. In the analyses conducted for testretest reliability, the findings showed that the Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.70 for the personal stigma sub-scale and 0.79 for the perceived stigma sub-scale. The results indicated that the scale possesses reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied for validity. Similar to the original scale, it was observed that the factor loadings were clustered in two sub-dimensions, but it was decided to remove 2 items from the scale, making it a form consisting of 18 items in total. CONCLUSION: As a result, the findings obtained show that the scale has reliable and valid psychometric properties. The scale can be used in both research and clinical applications to measure stigma specifically for generalized anxiety symptoms.
The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Physical and Mental Quality of Life in Patients with Severe Mental Disorders.
Polat I, Guliyev EI
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070521 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), childhood trauma (CT), sociodemographic factors, and clinical characteristics in patients with severe mental disorders. METHOD:...
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), childhood trauma (CT), sociodemographic factors, and clinical characteristics in patients with severe mental disorders. METHOD: A total of 158 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders or bipolar disorder were evaluated. Data were collected using the Short Form-12 (SF-12), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale, and sociodemographic information form. RESULTS: CT was reported in 62.7% of participants. SF-12 physical component scores were lower in women (p=0.012), married individuals (p=0.002), and patients with comorbidities (p=0.005). SF-12 mental component scores were lower in patients who smoked (p=0.013) and used substances (p=0.030), treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (p=0.008), and had a history of suicide attempts (p=0.014). Physical HRQoL scores were negatively correlated with age (r=-0.222, p=0.006), body mass index (r=-0.277, p=0.002) and illness duration (r=-0.215, p=0.010); mental HRQoL scores were negatively correlated with antipsychotic dose (r=-0.166, p=0.041) and CGI-S scores (r=-0.376, p <0.001). Emotional neglect (β=0.220, p=0.018) and physical abuse (β=0.252, p=0.006) were associated with lower physical HRQoL scores; emotional neglect (β=0.212, p=0.019) and sexual abuse (β=0.299, p<0.001) were associated with lower mental HRQoL scores. CONCLUSION: CT was found to be a key factor contributing to lower HRQoL in individuals with severe mental disorders. Our findings emphasize the importance of screening for CT and trauma-focused care approaches in mental healthcare services.
Association Between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Gene Polymorphisms and Suicide Attempts in Schizophrenia: An Exploratory Study.
Uçak EF, Aydin M, Koçak N
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070520 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a high risk of suicide, arising from the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene, an NAD⁺- dependent dea...
OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with a high risk of suicide, arising from the interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene, an NAD⁺- dependent deacetylase, is involved in cellular stress response, apoptosis, and mitochondrial functions, as well as neuroprotection and circadian rhythm regulation. SIRT1 is thought to influence neurobiological mechanisms related to cognitive and affective regulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between specific SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: This cross-sectional, observational genetic association study included only a case group comprising 100 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Targeted sequencing of the SIRT1 gene, encompassing all coding exons and their exon-intron junctions, was performed. Based on minor allele frequency and technical quality criteria, 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for further analysis. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) assessment, haplotype structure, and genetic modeling were conducted using the SHEsis software platform. RESULTS: The rs10997870 GG genotype (p=0.017) and the rs7896005 AA genotype (p=0.033) were associated with suicide attempts, whereas the rs2236318 A allele (p=0.015) and the rs41299232 GG genotype (p=0.027) were found to be protective. The C-T-A-G haplotype (p=0.005) was associated with an increased risk, while the G-A-G-T haplotype (p=0.032) showed a protective effect. CONCLUSION: Certain polymorphisms and haplotypes within the SIRT1 gene may be associated with suicide risk among patients with schizophrenia. These findings point to the potential role of genetic profiling in identifying high-risk individuals. Further large-scale studies are warranted to increase the generalizability of the findings and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in greater detail.
Investigation of Anhedonia, Emotional Expression, and Emotion Regulation Difficulties in Individuals Diagnosed with Fibromyalgia.
Özmen ES, Koç AE, Hocaoğlu Ç … +1 more , Akgöl E
Turk Psikiyatri Derg · 2025 · PMID 41070519 · Full text
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationships between anhedonia, emotional expression ability and emotion regulation difficulties in individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS: 82 patients with FM a...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relationships between anhedonia, emotional expression ability and emotion regulation difficulties in individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS: 82 patients with FM and 80 age, gender, and educationmatched healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Participants completed the Sociodemographic Data Form, Expressing Emotions Scale (EES), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–Short Form (DERS-16), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Clinician-Administered Turkish version of the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS-C-TR). RESULTS: Higher SHAPS-C-TR scores (OR=1.836, 95% CI: 1.501– 2.245; p<0.001) and BAI scores (OR=1.120, 95% CI: 1.020–1.230; p=0.017) were significantly associated with FM diagnosis. Conversely, higher EES scores were negatively associated with FM diagnosis (OR=0.941, 95% CI: 0.896–0.988; p=0.015). Even after controlling for depression, individuals with FM exhibited significantly higher anhedonia scores (F (1.159)=295.10, p<0.001, η²=0.623). CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of anhedonia and anxiety were significantly associated with FM, whereas greater emotional expressiveness appeared to be a protective factor. These findings underscore the importance of psychological assessment and interventions in FM management.
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