Veterinary Research[JOURNAL]
Sun
200 papers
Investigating the evolution of the Arctic lineage of canine distemper virus circulating in Italy.
Lanszki Z, Pellegrini F, Diakoudi G … +11 more , Vasinioti VI, Lanave G, Colaianni ML, Lucente MS, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N, Moreno A, Fehér E, Görföl T, Kemenesi G, Martella V
Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401952 · Full text
Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause fatal viral infection in domestic and wild animals globally. Several lineages are known, originating from distinct geographical regions and hosts, and can spread naturally or throug...
Canine distemper virus (CDV) can cause fatal viral infection in domestic and wild animals globally. Several lineages are known, originating from distinct geographical regions and hosts, and can spread naturally or through human intervention into new geographic areas. The Arctic lineage was first described in carnivores of the Arctic ecosystems and subsequently reported in several European and Asian countries, yet its origin, evolution, and ecology remain partially unresolved. In this study, we generated genome sequence data of (n = 16) CDV strains of Arctic lineage collected from dogs in Italy over a nearly 15-year period, providing an extensive dataset to investigate the evolution of this particular lineage. We also generated genome data of seven Europe strains of another major lineage collected during the same period from red foxes (n = 3) and dogs (n = 4). Inter-lineage recombination events were identified in two CDV sequences. Sequence 2008 of the European lineage acquired a fragment from an Arctic lineage virus between the N and P genes. Sequence 2015 of the Arctic lineage displayed a more complex recombination pattern with fragments from Europe, America-2, and Rockborn lineages across multiple genes and hosts. Phylogenetic tree showed that the oldest Italian Arctic lineage from 2006 was more similar to the oldest Arctic CDV isolates, whilst a well-defined sub-cluster circulated from 2009 onwards in domestic and wild carnivores. These results provide novel insights into CDV evolution in Europe and emphasize the importance of ongoing genomic monitoring.
Echocardiographic effects of medetomidine, butorphanol, and their combination in donkeys.
Abass M, Hamed M, Elnafarawy HK … +1 more , Farag AM
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401949 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Standing sedation is frequently required in donkeys for minor surgical and diagnostic procedures, yet information on the cardiac safety of α2-adrenoceptor agonists and opioid combinations in this species is l...
BACKGROUND: Standing sedation is frequently required in donkeys for minor surgical and diagnostic procedures, yet information on the cardiac safety of α2-adrenoceptor agonists and opioid combinations in this species is limited. This study evaluated the echocardiographic effects of intravenous medetomidine, butorphanol, and their combination in clinically healthy donkeys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty donkeys were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15/group) to receive intravenous saline (control group, CG), medetomidine group (10 µg/kg, MG), butorphanol group (50 µg/kg, BG), or medetomidine-butorphanol group (10 µg/kg + 50 µg/kg, MBG). Butorphanol was administered 5 min after medetomidine in the MBG. M-mode echocardiography was performed from a right parasternal short-axis view at baseline and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after treatment. Left ventricular internal diameter (LVID), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) were measured at end-diastole (d) and end-systole (s). Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF%), and fractional shortening (FS%) were calculated. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures general linear model. RESULTS: Medetomidine alone was associated with significant reductions in EF% and FS%, together with significant changes in LVIDs and LVIDd. SV was also significantly lower in the medetomidine group than in the control group during the main post-treatment period; however, SV and the calculated LV volumes were interpreted cautiously because they are load-dependent variables derived from linear M-mode measurements. These changes were accompanied by an increase in LVIDs and a reduction in IVSs, indicating transient depression of conventional left ventricular systolic indices and altered loading conditions. Butorphanol alone produced only minor, parameter-specific changes in LVID, IVST, and most echocardiographic indices, with no consistent clinically relevant deterioration compared with baseline or the CG. In contrast, the MBG showed marked changes in ventricular dimensions and calculated indices from 15 to 60 min; however, these findings were interpreted cautiously because the calculated systolic indices are load-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous medetomidine, butorphanol, and their combination exert distinct and protocol-dependent effects on left ventricular dimensions and systolic function in donkeys. Medetomidine alone substantially and transiently depresses systolic performance, whereas butorphanol alone is comparatively cardiovascular-sparing. The medetomidine-butorphanol combination may be considered for standing sedation in clinically healthy donkeys; however, its echocardiographic effects should be interpreted cautiously as load-dependent changes, and cardiovascular monitoring remains advisable.
Duplex MIRA assays for simultaneous detection of novel goose astrovirus and goose circovirus.
Hu X, Zhou H, Zhong Y … +11 more , Chen F, Wang J, Yin D, Yin L, Shen X, Liu Y, Chen L, Pan X, Xia L, Zhao R, Dai Y
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42401933 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Novel goose astrovirus (NGAstV) and goose circovirus (GoCV) are two major pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in goslings, causing substantial economic losses to the goose farming industry. In this st...
BACKGROUND: Novel goose astrovirus (NGAstV) and goose circovirus (GoCV) are two major pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in goslings, causing substantial economic losses to the goose farming industry. In this study, two duplex multienzyme isothermal rapid amplification (MIRA) assays were developed for the simultaneous detection of NGAstV and GoCV, and the specificity and sensitivity of these detection methods were evaluated. RESULTS: Both MIRA assays demonstrated high specificity for NGAstV and GoCV, with no cross-reactivity observed with six waterfowl pathogens, including duck enteritis virus, goose parvovirus, fowl adenovirus serotype 4, H9 subtype avian influenza virus, Muscovy duck reovirus and duck Tembusu virus. The basic duplex MIRA assay completed amplification within 25 min under a constant temperature of 25 °C, with minimum detection limits of 1 × 10 copies/µL for NGAstV and 1 × 10 copies/µL for GoCV. In contrast, the duplex MIRA-qPCR assay reduced the reaction time to 20 min at 39 °C, and increased the sensitivity to 1 × 10 copies/µL for NGAstV and 1 × 10² copies/µL for GoCV. Fluorescence imaging technology enables differentiation of infection types based on color variations: mixed infections appear yellow, single NGAstV infections show green fluorescence, and single GoCV infections exhibit red fluorescence. In the clinical sample testing, the detection rates of the two pathogens were relatively high, with a mixed infection rate of up to 18%. CONCLUSIONS: This method significantly improves pathogen detection efficiency and serves as an effective tool for the rapid identification of NGAstV and GoCV.
From inserts to 3D spheroids: MAC-T and BME-UV1 co-culture models for in vitro reconstruction of the bovine mammary epithelial architecture.
Bellemans J, Meyer E, Boutinaud M … +1 more , Finot L
Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42400088 · Full text
Two bovine mammary epithelial cell lines, MAC-T and BME-UV1, were co-cultured either in Transwell® inserts or in 3D culture systems to comparatively investigate their potential to mimic the structure and function of a ma...
Two bovine mammary epithelial cell lines, MAC-T and BME-UV1, were co-cultured either in Transwell® inserts or in 3D culture systems to comparatively investigate their potential to mimic the structure and function of a mammary alveolus. Using either Matrigel® or animal-friendly alternatives, i.e. rat collagen type I, a mixture of rat collagen type I and mouse laminin, Vitrogel® or matrix-free ultra-low attachment surfaces, both co-culture mammosphere development and tight junction formation were assessed. On Transwell® inserts, co-culture failed to establish a functional epithelial barrier. In contrast, varying patterns of cell-cell interaction and barrier organization emerged using the different 3D co-culture systems, providing new insights into the reconstruction of physiologically relevant and animal-friendly models of the bovine mammary gland.
The role of PlsC in Brucella melitensis virulence: impacts on membrane homeostasis, stress tolerance, and pathogenesis.
Xu F, Feng Y, Li M … +9 more , Li N, Yang G, Qu J, Yang Z, Li Y, Wang S, Bao Y, Qi J, Tian M
Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42400085 · Full text
Brucella melitensis, a facultative intracellular pathogen, relies on membrane integrity and homeostasis to resist host defenses and establish infection. The plsC gene encodes 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferas...
Brucella melitensis, a facultative intracellular pathogen, relies on membrane integrity and homeostasis to resist host defenses and establish infection. The plsC gene encodes 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, a key enzyme in the glycerophospholipid pathway that catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidic acid, an essential precursor for membrane lipid formation. However, its role in B. melitensis virulence remains poorly understood. Here, we constructed a plsC deletion mutant (ΔplsC) and a complemented strain (ΔplsC-Com) in B. melitensis strain M5 and characterized their phenotypes. Deletion of plsC impaired bacterial growth in nutrient-limited media, reduced tolerance to hydrogen peroxide and polymyxin B, and decreased lipid synthesis while increasing outer membrane permeability. Ultrastructural analysis revealed surface roughness, cytoplasmic voids, and nucleoid condensation in the mutant. Although ΔplsC retained normal adhesion and invasion capabilities in RAW264.7 macrophages and HeLa cells, its intracellular survival was specifically attenuated in macrophages at 48 h post-infection. In a mouse model, ΔplsC showed significantly reduced colonization of the spleen and liver and induced fewer and smaller liver granulomas as compared with the parental and complemented strains. These results demonstrate that PlsC is essential for maintaining membrane homeostasis and stress resistance in Brucella, which in turn supports its survival within professional phagocytes and full virulence in vivo. Our study suggests a critical link between phospholipid metabolism and Brucella pathogenicity.
Correction: Anesthetic and analgesic management of Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) undergoing experimental stereotaxic neurosurgery.
Kalinová J, Appenroth D, Cázarez-Márquez F … +3 more , Thorvaldsen R, Hazlerigg DG, Nymo IH
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42399942 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Optimal dietary nano-VD₃ enhances growth performance and bone development in broilers through remodeling the gut microbiome and metabolites.
He N, Tian J, Wu J … +7 more , Tan L, Wang Y, Dai H, Chen Y, Lu J, Zhang G, Jiang S
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42399940 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Skeletal maldevelopment is a significant challenge in broiler production, causing substantial economic losses. Vitamin D₃ (VD₃) plays a critical role in poultry skeletal health, but its optimal dietary inclus...
BACKGROUND: Skeletal maldevelopment is a significant challenge in broiler production, causing substantial economic losses. Vitamin D₃ (VD₃) plays a critical role in poultry skeletal health, but its optimal dietary inclusion level for medium-growth broilers remains to be determined due to bioavailability differences among forms. This study investigated the effects of dietary VD₃ levels (conventional vs. nano-formulated) on growth performance, bone development, and gut microbiota composition and metabolite profile in broilers. A total of 420 one-day-old male Luhua broilers were randomly assigned to four groups in an 84-day experiment: a control group fed a basal diet, and three treatment groups supplemented with 3,750 IU/kg conventional VD₃ (CVD), 2,500 IU/kg low-dose nano-VD (LNVD), or 3,750 IU/kg high-dose nano-VD (HNVD). RESULTS: Both CVD and LNVD significantly enhanced average daily gain (ADG) and bone development by improving bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), mechanical properties (yield strength, stiffness, Elastic modulus), increasing calcium and ash content, and upregulating osteogenic gene expression (ALP, OC, OPG, BMP1) in the femur and tibia. Compared to CVD, LNVD led to significantly higher ADG from days 1-84 and greater bone indices at days 28, 56 and 84, including fresh bone weight (FBW), fat-free dry weight (FFDW), yield strength, elastic modulus, and calcium and ash content in the femur and tibia. In contrast, HNVD significantly decreased ADG and bone indices. Furthermore, cecal microbiome and metabolomics analysis showed that LNVD increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Ligilactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, NK4A214_group) and key metabolites (e.g., butyric acid, kynurenic acid, glutathione), while reducing harmful taxa (e.g., Desulfovibrio, Campylobacter_jejuni) and detrimental metabolites (e.g., leukotriene E3, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-Cys-Gly conjugate). These shifts significantly correlated with improved growth and bone traits. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, 2,500 IU/kg nano-VD₃ is recommended as the optimal supplementation level for Luhua broilers under the conditions of this study, offering a strategy to enhance VD₃ nutrition and skeletal health.
Dietary anti- Escherichia coli K88 IgY enhances immune response and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88.
Xing Y, Bai M, Liu J … +4 more , Hu R, He P, Tan B, Liu H
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42399933 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has shown potential in preventing pathogen infections. This study examined the effectiveness of dietary IgY supplementation at 6 g/kg in preventing weaned piglets from...
BACKGROUND: Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has shown potential in preventing pathogen infections. This study examined the effectiveness of dietary IgY supplementation at 6 g/kg in preventing weaned piglets from developing diarrhoea after a challenge with Escherichia coli K88 (E. coli K88). The experiment employed a 2 × 2 factorial design. Twenty-four healthy 17-day-old piglets with similar body weights (4.63 ± 0.39 kg) were selected and divided into 4 groups, each with 6 replicates (n = 6). The experimental period lasted 11 days. The control group (CON) and the E. coli K88 group (ECON) were fed a basal diet supplemented with 6 g/kg of common yolk powder. Meanwhile, the anti-E. coli K88 IgY group (IgY) and the E. coli K88 IgY group (EIgY) received a diet supplemented with 6 g/kg of anti-E. coli K88 IgY. From days 8 to 11 of the formal trial, piglets in the CON and IgY groups received an equal volume of normal saline (NS), while the ECON and EIgY groups were orally administered 10 mL of NS containing approximately 1 × 10 CFU/mL of E. coli K88. RESULTS: Results showed that dietary 6 g/kg anti-E. coli K88 IgY supplementation increased the IL-10 protein expression level in the jejunum tissue, villus height (VH), the villus height to crypt depth ratio (V: C), sucrase activities, and reduced colonic E. coli counts, diarrhea incidence, and D-LA levels in E. coli K88-infected piglets (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the IgY diet increased Claudin-1 protein levels and decreased IL-8 levels in the jejunum tissue of E. coli K88-challenged piglets (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The dietary 6 g/kg anti-E. coli K88 IgY supplementation can reduce intestinal structural damage and inflammation, improving growth by enhancing passive immunity and intestinal barrier function in E coli K88-challenged piglets.
Correction: Exploration of the effect and mechanism of indirubin on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus based on network pharmacology.
Ma X, Lv H, Liu X … +7 more , Ma Y, Jiang Q, Lv J, Li X, Li N, Zhong Q, Yao G
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42399927 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Correction: Effects of vatinoxan and fentanyl on blood glucose concentrations and diuresis in male Wistar rats sedated with medetomidine and midazolam.
Lindh E, Meller A, Alm K … +2 more , Raekallio M, Honkavaara J
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42399885 · Full text
Abstract loading — click title to view on PubMed.
Pseudorabies virus in wild swine: current evidence and interpretations from monitoring studies.
Müller T, Denzin N, Freuling CM
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42393705 · Full text
To synthesize current knowledge on pseudorabies virus (PRV; also known as Aujeszky's disease virus or Suid alphaherpesvirus 1) infections in wild swine, a combined review and meta-analysis was conducted. The study aimed...
To synthesize current knowledge on pseudorabies virus (PRV; also known as Aujeszky's disease virus or Suid alphaherpesvirus 1) infections in wild swine, a combined review and meta-analysis was conducted. The study aimed to critically interpret reported PRV seroprevalence data, assess risks for animal health and disease control programs, and inform future monitoring and management strategies. An extensive literature search covering the period from 1970 to 2025 identified 160 serosurveys published between 1979 and 2024, yielding 516 datasets for analysis. Binomial logistic and mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess spatio-temporal patterns. The results indicate that PRV is widely established in wild swine populations, particularly in Europe and North America, forming stable endemic cycles largely independent of host density. Persistent spatial heterogeneity and region-specific temporal trends were observed, and once introduced into naïve populations, PRV appears to persist long term, limiting the added value of continued monitoring in long-established endemic areas.
Molecular prevalence and clinical profiles of canine babesiosis in northern India.
Kumari A, Agnihotri D, Nehra AK … +1 more , Moudgil AD
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42393672 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Canine babesiosis is a significant and emerging tick-borne disease caused by Babesia spp. This study investigated the molecular prevalence, hematobiochemical profiles, and risk factors for B. vogeli and B. gi...
BACKGROUND: Canine babesiosis is a significant and emerging tick-borne disease caused by Babesia spp. This study investigated the molecular prevalence, hematobiochemical profiles, and risk factors for B. vogeli and B. gibsoni infections in dogs in northern India, addressing the molecular research on babesiosis prevalence in this region. RESULTS: An overall prevalence of canine babesiosis by microscopy and PCR was 12.5% (27/216) and 27.78% (60/216), respectively. The prevalence rates for B. vogeli by microscopy and conventional PCR were 10.64% and 22.22%, respectively, whereas the corresponding rates for B. gibsoni were 1.85% and 5.55%, respectively. Results revealed that B. vogeli was the predominant species. Non-descript dogs were significantly more susceptible to B. vogeli infection (OR: 27.491; 95% CI: 1.092-692.018; P < 0.05). Additionally, dogs with enlarged lymph nodes were three times more likely to be B. vogeli-positive (OR = 3.338; 95% CI: 1.345-8.287; P < 0.05). Dogs under one year had higher odds of B. vogeli infection, but this was not statistically significant (OR = 1.765; 95% CI: 0.663-4.703). Similarly, B. gibsoni infection was associated with dogs over four years old (P < 0.001) and males (P < 0.05). Vital parameters (temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate) showed no significant association with B. vogeli and B. gibsoni infections. Hematological parameters, viz., hemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocyte count (TEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet count, were significantly decreased in both B. vogeli and B. gibsoni affected dogs (P < 0.05). Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs had significantly lower TEC, PCV, and platelet count than B. vogeli-infected dogs. Biochemical parameters, viz., alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), indirect bilirubin (IDB), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), were significantly increased, with decreased albumin levels (P < 0.05). Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs had significantly higher BUN, TB, and IDB levels than B. vogeli-infected dogs. Treatment was based on the Babesia species, with imidocarb dipropionate for B. vogeli and a combination therapy (diminazene aceturate, imidocarb dipropionate, and clindamycin) for B. gibsoni, which showed promising efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlighted the importance of accurate diagnosis and species-specific treatment for canine babesiosis, with B. vogeli being more prevalent (22.22%) than B. gibsoni (5.55%), and distinct risk factors and clinical implications for each Babesia species in northern India. These findings contribute to the understanding of Babesia epidemiology in the region and highlight the need for further studies to inform the development of targeted control strategies.
Development and immunological evaluation of a ferritin nanoparticle vaccine displaying chicken infectious anemia virus VP1-VP2 proteins.
Zhang L, Li Z, Yan YC … +2 more , Sun H, Wei F
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42393671 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes immunosuppression, aplastic anemia, and lymphoid atrophy in young chicks, causing major economic losses to the poultry industry. Vaccination is the primary strate...
BACKGROUND: Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes immunosuppression, aplastic anemia, and lymphoid atrophy in young chicks, causing major economic losses to the poultry industry. Vaccination is the primary strategy for disease control. This study aimed to develop a ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccine displaying CIAV VP1-VP2 proteins and evaluate its protective efficacy in chicks. RESULTS: Using the SpyTag003/SpyCatcher003 system, we expressed ferritin-SpyCatcher003 (SC-FN) in insect cells and SpyTag003-VP2-VP1Nd129 in E. coli, achieving in vitro assembly of FN-VP2-VP1Nd129 nanoparticles, which were confirmed by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. Two-week-old chicks immunized with the nanoparticle vaccine developed significantly higher CIAV-specific antibody levels compared to the control group. Following lethal challenge with CIAV Cux-1 strain, the vaccine group showed significantly higher hematocrit values and thymus indices (p < 0.001), and importantly, no viral nucleic acid was detected in their thymus tissues. CONCLUSIONS: We successfully constructed a ferritin nanoparticle-based antigen display system for CIAV. The vaccine induced robust humoral immunity, effectively protected against viral replication and clinical disease, and offers a promising new strategy for developing safe and effective subunit vaccines against CIAV.
Spatial analysis of sheep fascioliasis in rural communities of the Southern highlands of Peru.
Tanabe MB, Morales ML, Jalanocca-Janampa B … +13 more , Hoban C, Murga-Moreno CA, Alccacontor JL, Ruiz-Pérez D, Castro C, Terrones-Cerna DM, Sequeiros M, Fernández-Sánchez AM, Salazar PSM, Cárcamo CP, Ortiz P, Cabada MM, Peru TMRC on Fasciola hepatica
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42393654 · Full text
Sheep fascioliasis causes considerable economic losses globally, yet risk factors for infection in Andes Highlands remain poorly characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the risk factors of sheep...
Sheep fascioliasis causes considerable economic losses globally, yet risk factors for infection in Andes Highlands remain poorly characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the risk factors of sheep fascioliasis in rural communities of the Southern highlands of Peru. Data on farm and animal characteristics, management practices, and water sources were collected. Stool samples were geographically tagged and examined microscopically for Fasciola and other parasites eggs. A total of 3,518 sheep from 268 farms were evaluated, of which 40.6% (1,429/3,518) were infected with F. hepatica. Whereas 73.6% (2,591/3,518) harbored other non-Fasciola parasites. Infected sheep were typically older (2.72 ± 1.7 vs 2.25 ± 1.6; p < 0.001), had lower body condition scores (2.08 ± 0.6 vs 2.16 ± 0.6; p < 0.001), and often had prior treatment for fascioliasis (50.9% vs 49.1%; p < 0.001). Farms with infected sheep tended to have larger flock sizes (OR 1.061, 95%CI 1.007-1.119; p = 0.027) and use irrigation water as a water source (OR 2.359, 95%CI 1.000-5.563; p = 0.050), whereas were less likely to have more family members (OR 0.690, 95%CI 0.542-0.878; p = 0.003) or rely on artificial canals (OR 0.379, 95%CI 0.155-0.926; p = 0.033) than those without infection. Spatial analysis revealed heterogeneous infection distribution across the study regions. Further research is needed to validate our findings in fascioliasis transmission in the Peruvian highlands.
Unveiling the clinical signs and pathology in red deer (Cervus elaphus) naturally infected with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 8.
Muñoz-Fernández L, Agulló-Ros I, Cano-Terriza D … +12 more , Abo-Zakaib-Ali F, Martínez R, Frías M, Ortiz JA, Gortázar C, Armillotta G, Mercante MT, Fuentes-Rodríguez E, Ruiz-Fons JF, García-Bocanegra I, Velarde R, Risalde MÁ
Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42387563 · Full text
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a notifiable disease to the World Organisation for Animal Health caused by Orbivirus ruminantium (EHDV), closely related to bluetongue virus (BTV) and transmitted by Culicoides spp...
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) is a notifiable disease to the World Organisation for Animal Health caused by Orbivirus ruminantium (EHDV), closely related to bluetongue virus (BTV) and transmitted by Culicoides spp. In autumn 2022, EHDV serotype 8 (EHDV-8) was detected for the first time in Spain and Europe, affecting domestic and wild ruminants. Red deer (Cervus elaphus) were the most affected wild species, with reports of neurological signs, severe respiratory distress and mortality. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of EHDV-8 in this species remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and pathological impact of EHD in red deer, characterising clinical signs, main lesions, tissue distribution and target cells of EHDV. Clinical data were collected through a nationwide online survey and field outbreak studies, and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on 16 confirmed EHDV-8 cases. Frequent clinical signs included neurological signs, ptyalism, lameness and dyspnoea. During the outbreak, average morbidity and mortality in captive red deer were 6.9% and 4.9%, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 70.3%, higher in males and almost exclusively in adults. Gross examination revealed extensive vascular and epithelial lesions with generalised congestion, focal to multifocal haemorrhages and marked pulmonary oedema, confirmed histologically with severe cellular damage. The most affected organs were the brain, lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen, showing interstitial oedema, vasculitis, mononuclear infiltration with necrosis, severe lymphoid depletion and gliosis with satellitosis in the brain. The EHDV antigen was primarily detected in macrophages, reticular cells, endothelial cells and epithelial cells. This study provides the first description of EHDV's clinical and pathological impact in red deer, confirming their high susceptibility to EHDV-8.
Veterinarians' attitudes towards the treatment and surgical management of brachycephalic dogs - a survey among small animal veterinarians in Austria.
Hebenstreit M, Springer S
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42387531 · Full text
BACKGROUND: The rising popularity of flat-faced dog breeds has intensified discussions around brachycephaly and its associated health risks. The structural shortening of the skull coupled with a lack of a concurrent redu...
BACKGROUND: The rising popularity of flat-faced dog breeds has intensified discussions around brachycephaly and its associated health risks. The structural shortening of the skull coupled with a lack of a concurrent reduction in the volume of the soft tissues in these breeds often results in chronic health issues, notably Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS), which remains incurable but may be alleviated through corrective surgical interventions. In light of these challenges, veterinarians are increasingly called upon to provide informed guidance and support to pet owners navigating the complexities of brachycephalic breed care. METHODS: Using an online questionnaire distributed to practising veterinarians in Austria (N = 395), we explored small animal veterinarians' attitudes regarding the treatment and surgical management of brachycephalic dogs. RESULTS: Veterinarians estimated that signs of BOAS are the primary presenting issue in 41-50% of the brachycephalic dogs they treat. According to the majority of surveyed veterinarians, snoring (96%) and difficulty breathing (92%) are frequently observed by owners. 40% of respondents disagreed that the treatment of brachycephalic dogs is interesting from a medical point of view. A further 30% stated that treating brachycephalic dogs is no different for them than treating other dogs. Surgical interventions for BOAS are recommended more frequently than they are performed, and veterinarians who perform surgery or work in surgical practices are significantly more likely to recommend these procedures (p < 0.001). Moreover, 70% of the veterinarians identified financial constraints as a common reason why owners decline surgical options. The severity of clinical signs of BOAS did not result in significant differences in the likelihood of recommending surgery (p = 0.363). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the complexity surrounding attitudes to brachycephaly in dogs within the veterinary profession. While a significant proportion of veterinarians recognise the prevalence of BOAS signs, there is notable uncertainty regarding the treatment of these dogs. To address this, it is essential to enhance educational efforts aimed at both veterinarians and owners, ensuring a better understanding of the condition and its management.
Ovine milk-derived non- aureus Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus spp. (NASM) isolates and their cell-free supernatants inhibit major mastitis pathogens in vitro.
de Amorim JE, Ferronatto JA, Polydoro LS … +6 more , Batista CF, Toledo-Silva B, Costa LBSBC, Heinemann MB, Blagitz MG, Della Libera AMMP
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42387523 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Innovative strategies to control ovine mastitis pathogens and reduce dependence on conventional antimicrobials are globally essential for One Health and sustainable livestock production. Non-aureus Staphyloco...
BACKGROUND: Innovative strategies to control ovine mastitis pathogens and reduce dependence on conventional antimicrobials are globally essential for One Health and sustainable livestock production. Non-aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicoccus spp. (NASM) are commonly isolated in cases of ovine mastitis and may influence the microbial ecology of the mammary gland. This study evaluated the inhibitory potential of these microorganisms against key ovine mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, through two experimental approaches. In experiment 1, 30 isolates of NASM were screened for their inhibitory activity using the cross-streaking method, assessing total, partial, or absent inhibition of S. aureus and E. coli. In experiment 2, the antimicrobial effect of cell-free supernatants from non-aureus Staphylococcus cultures (NAS CFS) cultures was tested at varying concentrations (12.5%, 25%, and 50%) under different treatments (heat treatment, pH adjustment, combined heat treatment + pH adjustment, and control). Pathogen growth was quantified by colony forming unit (CFU)/mL counts after incubation, and data were analyzed via ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. RESULTS: Results from experiment 1 revealed that 36.7% of the isolates partially or totally inhibited S. aureus, while 20% partially inhibited E. coli. In experiment 2, the combined heat treatment and pH adjustment at a concentration of 12.5% significantly reduced S. aureus and E. coli CFU/mL when tested, for example, in the presence of S. xylosus (p < 0.01 for both cases).Results from experiment 1 revealed that 36.7% of the isolates partially or totally inhibited S. aureus, while 20% partially inhibited E. coli. In experiment 2, the combined heat treatment and pH adjustment at a concentration of 12.5% significantly reduced S. aureus and E. coli CFU/mL when tested, for example, in the presence of S. xylosus (p < 0.01 for both cases). CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the preliminary potential of antimicrobial compounds derived from NASM for ovine mastitis control, while underscoring the need for further studies to confirm their applicability as sustainable strategies alongside conventional approaches.
Impact of Opuntia spp. by-product silage on sheep metabolic profile, rumen fermentation and microbial communities.
Vastolo A, Tolone M, Gannuscio R … +6 more , Staropoli A, Giosa D, Bonomo A, Vinale F, Cutrignelli MI, Todaro M
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42387479 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) by-products represent a promising alternative feed resource for improving the sustainability of sheep production systems in Mediterranean areas. This study evaluated the ef...
BACKGROUND: Prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) by-products represent a promising alternative feed resource for improving the sustainability of sheep production systems in Mediterranean areas. This study evaluated the effects of prickly pear by-product (PPB) silages on rumen fermentation, metabolic profile, and rumen microbiome in lactating ewes. Twelve Valle del Belice ewes were assigned to three dietary treatments (control, CTR; prickly pear peel silage, PPP; and pastazzo silage, PPS) in a Latin square design. Blood biochemical parameters, rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), and metagenomic profiles were analysed. RESULTS: PPB inclusion did not induce significant changes in blood biochemical parameters, which remained within physiological ranges. Rumen fermentation parameters were significantly affected, with the PPP diet increasing total VFA concentration and promoting a more glucogenic profile through higher propionate production. The rumen microbiome was dominated by Prevotella, which showed higher relative abundance in the CTR diet. PPB supplementation was associated with shifts in microbial functional profiles, including pathways related to polyphenol degradation, vitamin K2 biosynthesis, and central carbon metabolism, partially consistent with observed changes in rumen fermentation. No significant effects were observed on methanogenesis-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Prickly pear by-product silages, particularly prickly pear peel, modulate rumen fermentation and microbial functional profiles in lactating ewes without adversely affecting systemic metabolic status.
Molecular characterization and risk factors analyses of zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes in pet and semi-pet dogs in Haryana, India.
Rani S, Moudgil P, Gupta R … +3 more , Agnihotri D, Kumar M, Moudgil AD
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jun · PMID 42381034 · Full text
BACKGROUND: Dogs play an important role in the transmission of zoonotic parasites to humans. Among these, gastrointestinal (GI) helminths are widely prevalent and pose a significant public health risk. This study investi...
BACKGROUND: Dogs play an important role in the transmission of zoonotic parasites to humans. Among these, gastrointestinal (GI) helminths are widely prevalent and pose a significant public health risk. This study investigated the prevalence, molecular characterization and risk factors analyses of gastrointestinal nematodes in pet and semi-pet dogs in Haryana, India, to assess their potential zoonotic relevance. RESULTS: A total of 310 faecal samples were collected from pet and semi-pet dogs from five randomly selected blocks of Hisar district of Haryana, India and examined for the presence of zoonotic GI nematodes. Of these, 77 samples (24.85%) were found positive for zoonotic GI nematodes. Among the positive samples, 73 (94.80%) exhibited single parasitic infection with Ancylostoma spp. and three (3.90%) with Toxocara spp., whereas mixed infection with both parasites was observed in only one (1.30%) sample. A Toxocara spp. worm was also observed in one of the Toxocara spp. positive faecal samples. Molecular characterization based on the cox1 gene identified Ancylostoma spp. as Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara spp. as Toxocara canis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the A. caninum sequences of the present study formed a distinct clade compared to sequences reported from other countries. In case of T. canis, no geographical segregation of clades was observed and the sequences generated herein assorted with the sequences of China, Poland, Russia and Brazil origin. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified breed, deworming status, living conditions of the dog, type of housing, contact with stray dogs, history of allotriophagia, vaccination status and faecal score to be significantly associated (p < 0.05) with GI nematodosis in dogs. Multivariate analysis identified history of allotriophagia (p = 0.0158) as the major significant risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of zoonotic GI nematodes underscores the potential role of pet and semi-pet dogs as sources for these parasites. This highlights the probable risk of transmission of these zoonotic parasites to humans, particularly in settings with close human-dog interactions. Raising awareness among dog owners and caretakers regarding zoonotic GI nematodes and their routes of transmission could act as a key for controlling and preventing zoonotic GI nematodosis in dogs under the One-Health framework.
Spatial distribution and determinants of antimicrobial resistance in livestock across pathogen types, animal species and antimicrobial classes.
Omotoso RO, Odetokun IA, Shittu A … +2 more , Elthoth M, Adejumo AO
BMC Vet Res · 2026 Jul · PMID 42381005 · Full text
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock is a growing global health concern with important implications for food security, human and animal health. However, the spatial distribution and determinants of AMR in livestoc...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in livestock is a growing global health concern with important implications for food security, human and animal health. However, the spatial distribution and determinants of AMR in livestock systems remain insufficiently characterised. This study examined spatial patterns and contributions of selected AMR drivers in livestock AMR, using data from the ResistanceBank database, which encompasses livestock species, bacterial pathogens, and antimicrobial categories. This study included all data compiled in the Resistancebank database, including prevalence studies published between 2000 and 2021 and 33,186 resistance data points compiled from 93 countries. Spatial dependence was evaluated using Global and Local Moran's I statistics, while the influence of livestock species, pathogens, and antimicrobial classes was analysed using beta regression and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning models. The spatial analysis includes only countries listed in the Resistancebank database and displays them. Global Moran's I revealed significant positive spatial autocorrelation in AMR proportions (I = 0.1911, p = 0.0246; Z-score = 1.9676, expected I = - 0.0127), indicating geographic clustering of resistance. High-high clusters were identified across South and East Asia, the Middle East, parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, and South America, whereas low-low clusters occurred in Southern Africa, Southeast Asia, and several European regions. Beta regression showed that cattle (β = -0.5953, p = 0.0263) and sheep (β = -0.7873, p = 0.0034) contributed less to AMR variation than buffalo, whereas highly important antimicrobials were associated with increased proportions of resistance (β = 0.3365, p < 0.0001). The XGBoost model demonstrated slightly better predictive performance (Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) = 0.3428) than beta regression (RMSE = 0.3471). These findings reveal pronounced spatial clustering of AMR in livestock and underscore the need for strengthened global surveillance, improved antimicrobial stewardship and integrated One Health strategies to mitigate the spread of AMR.
About
- Frequency
- Sun
- Papers found
- 200
- RSS feed
- Subscribe